0610 s19 QP 41 PDF
0610 s19 QP 41 PDF
0610 s19 QP 41 PDF
BIOLOGY 0610/41
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) May/June 2019
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.
Write your centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
This syllabus is regulated for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.
DC (ST/CT) 162740/4
© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
2
BLANK PAGE
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
The Merino is a breed of sheep that is farmed mainly for its wool. The wool is very thick and is
made of lots of very thin hairs.
Fig. 1.1 shows a female Merino sheep with her newborn lamb.
Fig. 1.1
State two other features that distinguish mammals from all other vertebrates.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) Merino sheep in South Africa have high quality wool with very thin hairs.
Breeders in New Zealand have used selective breeding programmes to improve the wool of
their sheep to match the quality of South African wool.
Describe the steps that breeders would take to breed sheep that have wool with very thin
hairs.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [5]
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 12]
2 The rate of photosynthesis of terrestrial plants can be determined by measuring the uptake of
carbon dioxide.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) The rate of photosynthesis of parts of individual leaves can be measured using a hand-held
device as shown in Fig. 2.1.
transparent chamber
Fig. 2.1
This apparatus allows air to flow through the transparent chamber that encloses part of the
leaf. The apparatus measures the carbon dioxide concentration of the air entering and leaving
the chamber.
Explain how the results from the apparatus can be used to calculate the rate of photosynthesis.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) A student used the apparatus shown in Fig. 2.1 to investigate the effect of temperature on the
rate of photosynthesis of the leaves of Chinese plantain, Plantago asiatica, at two different
concentrations of carbon dioxide, A and B.
40
35
B
1000 ppm CO2
30
25
rate of photosynthesis
/ μmol per m2 per s A
370 ppm CO2
20
15
10
0
10 20 30 40
temperature of leaves / °C
Fig. 2.2
(i) State one environmental factor that should have been kept constant in this investigation.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Describe the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis when carbon dioxide
concentration A was supplied.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(iii) Calculate the percentage increase in the rate of photosynthesis at 30 °C when the carbon
dioxide concentration was increased from A to B as shown in Fig. 2.2.
Show your working and give your answer to the nearest whole number.
............................................................ %
[2]
(iv) Explain the effect of increasing temperature on the rate of photosynthesis for carbon
dioxide concentration B.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(v) The student concluded that carbon dioxide concentration is the factor limiting the rate of
photosynthesis between 30 °C and 35 °C for the results shown for A in Fig. 2.2.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) A similar investigation was carried out on Arizona honeysweet, Tidestromia oblongifolia, that
grows in Death Valley in California where the highest temperatures may be greater than
45 °C.
40
35
30
25
rate of photosynthesis
/ μmol per m2 per s 20
15
10
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
temperature of leaves / °C
Fig. 2.3
Predict and explain what would happen to the rate of photosynthesis if the investigation is
continued at temperatures higher than 45 °C.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 16]
BLANK PAGE
3 (a) Complete the five sentences about the eye and the nervous system.
Structures in the eye change the shape of the lens so that the eye can focus on near and
The radial and circular muscles in the iris of the eye are a pair of ..............................................
Muscles in the eye are controlled by the nervous system. The ..............................................
The .............................................. nerve from the eye contains sensory neurones that conduct
(b) Transmission of impulses relies on the flow of ions through the cell membranes of neurones
down their concentration gradients. Active transport is responsible for maintaining the
concentration gradients of ions across the membranes of neurones.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
presynaptic neurone
enzyme that
breaks down
neurotransmitter
molecules B
postsynaptic neurone
Fig. 3.1
Many drugs interfere with the action of neurotransmitters at the junctions between neurones.
Two drugs that influence the transmission of impulses between neurones are atropine and
eserine. The actions of these drugs are shown in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1
Explain the effects of these two drugs on the nervous system using the information in Fig. 3.1
and Table 3.1.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [6]
(d) A scientific paper was published in 1997 that described the effects of anabolic steroids
on female athletes. Many of these athletes achieved great success in international sport
competitions during the 1960s and 1970s.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 17]
4 (a) Table 4.1 shows four structures associated with the human male reproductive system.
Table 4.1
epithelium
nucleus
sperm
testis
[4]
C B
Fig. 4.1
Table 4.2 shows information about the male reproductive system shown in Fig. 4.1.
Table 4.2
testis
prostate gland
[5]
(c) Draw an X on Fig. 4.1 on the structure where meiosis occurs. [1]
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 12]
5 (a) Tissue plasminogen activators (TPAs) are human proteins that are used as drugs to break
down blood clots.
TPAs break down blood clots by activating plasminogen. Plasminogen is a protein that is
always present in the blood.
When activated, plasminogen forms a protease that breaks down fibrin molecules.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) State the products of the action of protease on the protein fibrin.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
Fig. 5.1 shows some of the stages involved in genetically engineering a bacterium to make a TPA.
not to scale
Fig. 5.1
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) In the flow chart, X represents the action of an enzyme on a molecule of DNA.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
Explain how the gene is inserted into structure A to form structure B as shown in Fig. 5.1.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(iv) Before TPA was made by genetically-engineered bacteria it was only available from
blood donated by people.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(v) The genetically-engineered bacteria produce mRNA that is a copy of the human TPA
gene.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 10]
6 Fig. 6.1 shows some cells from the shoot tip of an onion, Allium cepa.
cell A
Fig. 6.1
(a) (i) State the evidence visible in Fig. 6.1 that identifies the cells of A. cepa as plant cells.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(c) Cells just behind a shoot tip absorb water and grow in length. A plant hormone stimulates cell
elongation and controls the response of stems to gravity.
(i) State the name of the plant hormone that stimulates cell elongation in stems.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [4]
(d) Some cells in shoot tips become leaf cells and others become cells in the stem or in flowers.
Explain why it is important that only some of the genes in cell A are expressed in these cells.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 13]
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.
Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.