15#ARC#6.

3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

BUILDING(SERVICES. III

• AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#
PROTECTION
MODULE#1< MECHANICAL#VENTILATION#AND#AIR<CONDITIONING

SREERUPA#DEB
 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

CONTACT#PERIODS:#3#(Lecture)#per#week#THEORY'MARKS:'100
PROGRESSIVE'MARKS:'50
DURATION#OF#EXAM:#3#Hrs
OBJECTIVE:#To#develop#knowledge#and#skills#required#for#understanding#the##Mechanical#services#in#buildings#and#their#integration#with#
architectural#design
MODULE'17 MECHANICAL'VENTILATION'AND'AIR7CONDITIONING'7 Introduction
1) Introduction'to'Mechanical'Ventilation:'Need#for#mechanical#ventilation#for#spaces#like#Basements,#Kitchen,#Toilets#,#etc.#Guidelines#
as#per#NBC#/#ISHRAE:#Types#of#ventilation#systems.
2) Introduction'to'Air7conditioning:#Definition,#Psychometric#processes#and#requirements,#Air#&#Refrigeration#cycles,#Basics#of#Load#
Calculations,#Zoning#and#Air#Distribution,#Heating#system,
MODULE'27AIR7CONDITIONING'SYSTEMS
3) Air'Conditioning'systems:'Window,#Split,#Packaged,#Basics#of#Centralized#Air^conditioning#system,#Water#&#Air#Cooled#Chillers,#Air#
Handling#Units,#Basics#of#duct#sizing#and#routing,#preferred#locations#of#equipment#and#Architectural#Requirements#of#various
equipment.#Illustration#of#duct#layout#through#a#small#example.
4) Specialized'Air'Conditioning'Systems:'Clean#Rooms,#Server,#Hub#&#UPS#Rooms,#Operation#Theatres#etc.
MODULE'3'7 MECHANICAL'TRANSPORTATION'SYSTEMS'IN'BUILDINGS
5)Elevators:'Types#of#Elevator#systems,#design#considerations#like#Peak#Handling#capacity,#Average#Waiting#Time,#Lift#speed#etc.,#
Architectural#Requirements&
Details#for#Elevator#shaft#^ Elevator#pit#^ Elevator#Machine#Rooms,#Automatic#Rescue#Device#for#Elevators#,#Elevator#car#interiors,#
Possible#Location#and#arrangements#of#Elevators#in#a#building.#Lift#Acts#and#National#Building#Code.
6)'Escalators'&Travelators:'Applications,#Calculation#of#Traffic#capacity,#Location#and#arrangements#of#escalators#and#travellators,#
inclination#factor.

Syllabus 2
 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

MODULE'4') FIRE'SAFETY'IN'BUILDINGS'&'PASSIVE'FIRE'PROTECTION
7)'Introduction:'Classification of#fire,#causes#&#hazards;'Grading#of#structural#elements#for#its#fire#resistance#as#per#NBC.#Classification#of#
building#types#as#per#NBC#and#brief#description#of#characteristics#of#combustible#and#nonPcombustible#materials.
8)'Concepts'in'passive'fire'protection'in'buildings:#Escape#routes,#fire#driveways,#fire#refuge#area,#fire#assembly#areas,#pressurization,#
travel#distance,#fire#tower#and#compartmentation,#fire#signages etc.

MODULE'5) ACTIVE'FIRE'PROTECTION'AND'FIRE'SAFETY'IN'HIGH'RISE'BUILDINGS
9)'Active'fire'control:'Basic#concepts#in#fixed#firefighting#installations,#Fire#sprinklers,#Fire#Hydrants,#Automatic#fire#detection#and#alarm#
systems.
10)'National'Building'Code'Requirements'for'Fire'Safety:#Rules#for#Fire#Protection#and#Fire#Fighting#Requirements#for#High#Rise#Buildings#
in#India.

SCHEME'OF'EVALUATION
Internal#Assessments#and#Project#Assignments 40#Marks
Quizzes/Class#Participation 10#Marks

Syllabus 3
 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

REFERENCES:(
1)#Roy#J#Dossat ,#"Principles#of#Refrigeration"#1961,#John#Wiley#&#Sons.
2)#Manohar#Prasad#,#"Refrigeration#&#Air#Conditioning#Data#Hand#book"#2013,#New#Age#International,#2nd#edition.#
3)#Don#Kundwar ,#"Refrigeration#and#Air#Conditioning",#2016,#Dhanpat Rai#&#Co.#(P)#Limited.#
4) "National#Building#Code#of#India#(NBC)",#2016,#Bureau#of#Indian#Standards#
5)#Walter#T.#Grondzik,#Alison#G.#Kwok,#"Mechanical#and#Electrical#Equipment#for#Buildings",#2010;#11th#edition,#Wiley#Publication.#
6) Shan#K.#Wang#,#"Handbook#of#Air#Conditioning#and#Refrigeration",#2000,#McGraw\Hill#Edu.#
7) "National#Building#Code#of#India#(NBC)#2016";#Part#8#Section#3#and#5#&#Part#3#&#4,#BIS.#
8)###NFPA#101##
9)##IS#Codes#\
● 1391#(Part#1#&#2)#:#1992#\ Specification#for#room#air#conditioners#
● 8148#:#2003#\ Specification#for#packaged#air#conditioners#
● 4591#:#1968#\ Code#of#practice#for#installation#and#maintenance#of#escalators#
● 14671#:#1999#\ Hydraulic#lifts#
● 14665#:#2000#\ Traction#lift#
● 15259#:#2002#\ Home#Lifts#
● 15330#:#2003#\ Lifts#for#handicapped#persons#
● IS#codes#for#Fire#Services#

Reference 4
 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

RELATIONSHIP,OF,INTERNAL,ENVIRONMENT,&,SERVICES,PROVISION

• The#aim#is#to#create#a#healthy#environment
• Prevent#Sick#Building#Syndrome#(S.B.S)

The#effect#of#S.B.S#would#be#Physical#&#psychological#discomfort#of#the#occupants.

Factors#that#designers#&#architects#should#take#note
R the#building#envelope#specifications
R Building#services#technological#innovations
R Energy#efficient#methods#to#be#adopted

Services,design,should,form,an,integral,part,of,design,philosophy.

Input#from#specialised#engineers#/#vendors#should#be#sought#in#advance#at#an#early#stage#of#the#design#process#to#
ensure#that#the#building#compatibility#&#constructability#on#site#is#easy.

Services#require#regular#accessibility,#maintenance#and#replacement.

Introduction 5
 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

IMPORTANT)CRITERIA)FOR)SERVICES)DESIGN)&)INTEGRATION)WITH)AD

• Easy#&#safe#access#for#installation#/#maintenance#&#replacement
• Low#energy#consumption#during#operation.
• Low#operating#costs
• Low#emissions
• Ease#of#control#by#users#(user#friendly#O either#manual#or#by#smart#technologies)

Introduction
6
 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

HVAC%– HEATING%,%VENTILATION%%&%%AIRCONDITIONING

HVAC#is#the#technology#of#treating#or#conditioning#of#air#to#alter#its#temperature#and#moisture#content#to#suit#the#
specific#requirements#of#the#space.

Improper#design#and#installation#of#the#HVAC#system#can#have#
• negative#impacts#on#the#personal#health#and#comfort#,##
• have#negative#impact#on#the#energy#bills#and#
• degrade#the#indoor#air#quality.

All#the#HVAC#related#standards#and#guidelines#are#governed#by#ASHRAE (#American#Society#of#Heating,#Refrigerating#
and#Air#Conditioning#Engineers#,#Inc).#

Introduction 7
 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

VENTILATION)* definition() supply#of#fresh#outside#air#into#an#enclosed#space#or#the#removal#of#inside#air#from#the#

enclosed#space#

Mechanical#Ventilation#— Supply#of#outside#air#either#by#positive#ventilation#or#by#infiltration#by#reduction#of#
pressure#inside#due#to#exhaust#of#air,#or#by#a#combination#of#positive#ventilation#and#exhaust#of#air.#

The(quantity(of(fresh(air(required(to(ventilate(a(space(is(governed(by(the(number(of(people(or(density(of(people(in(the(
space(and(the(area(of(the(space.(

Introduction 8
 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

VENTILATION

Ventilation##F providing#relatively#large#quantity#of#outside#air#in#order#to#improve#the#general#environment#of#the#
building.

It#is#required#for#
• Supply#of#fresh#air
• Dilute#inside#air#to#prevent#vitiation#by#body#odour
• Remove#products#of#combustion/contaminants#in#air
• Provide#thermal#environment#which#maintains#heat#balance#of#the#body#to#prevent#discomfort#and#injury#to#the#
health#of#the#occupants

7/17/17 Ventilation 9
 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

Ventilation)is)required)to)control)the)following:
• Oxygen#content Prevent#depletion#of#the#oxygen#content#of#the#air;
• Carbon#dioxide#and#moisture To#prevent#undue#accumulation;
• Other#hazardous#gases,#such#as,#CO,NOx,SO2,etc
• To#eliminate Odours#and#contaminants
• To#prevent#undue#rise#in#concentration#of#body#and#other#odours#and#contaminants#(chemical,#VOCs,#tobacco#
smoke,#etc);
• BacteriaW To#oxidize#colonies#of#bacteria#and#fungi#to#prevent#their#proliferation;#
• HeatW To#remove#body#heat#and#heat#dissipated#by#electrical#or#mechanical#equipment,#and#solar#heat#gains.

Ventilation 10
15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

11
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3+#?+3/!%13!#)(/&!%+&!F5%$+).!$/*/$-!%13!4#&!)(/!,#1)&#$
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Supplied by Book Supply Bureau Under the License from BIS for LARSEN
Supplied AND TOUBRO CONSTRUCTION - MANAPAKKAM, CHENNAI ONTOUBRO
17-03-2017 09:00:59 (123.63.24.35) valid upto31-12-2017

ND TOUBRO CONSTRUCTION - MANAPAKKAM, CHENNAI ON 17-03-2017 09:00:59 (123.63.24.35) valid upto31-12-2017

by Book Supply Bureau License from BIS for LARSEN AND CONSTRUCTION - MANAPAKKAM, CHENNAI ON 17-03-2017 09
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5$),-%",+%,"$(#"*%0/,$)*"$)3, 67 E6' L*N*0>2+99?- Ventilation#– Air#changes %.I E$' QOO*1,- Reference#–
3)U3,2N,0<*4)<*902+)<,-2?)72M,2*01+,)-,G2M72D62=,+1,0<283,+,
I."6 NBC#2016
U3,+?)42 19?O9+<2 *-2 <3)<2 12 190G*<*902 9O2 <3,+?
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E"' PH-3+99?239H-,- I."6 E%' R)*0<2-39=-2!09<21,44H49-,# "6.$6 b0*<*)4472 <892 -1)4,-2 8,+,2 G,N,49=,G
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E$' QOO*1,- I."6 EE' R39<92)0G2S.+)72G)+:2+99?
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T,+N*1,-52T,1<*902%2[*+2\90G*<*90*0>52K,)<*0>2)0G2P,13)0*1)4 +,O,++,G2 <92 ?,02 -<+*==,G2 <92 <3,2 8)*-<
ED' RHM4*1239H-,2M)+- "$524)- =,+1,=<*M4,2 -8,)<*0>'2 L*?*<-2 9O2 19?O9+<2 N)
E%' R)*0<2-39=-2!09<21,44H49-,# "6.$6 ,0N*+90?,0<2H0G,+283*132)2=,+-9021)02?)*0<)*02)2M9G7
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EI' C,19+G*0>2190<+942+99?- "D.$D !"E&' C,-<)H+)0<- &."$
190-*G,+)M472)119+G*0>2<92-<HG*,-21)++*,G29H<2*02b0G*) #$%&'#$()*+&(,&#-).',
14*?)<,2)+,2)-2O94498-c
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 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

DESIGN'CONSIDERATIONS
• Respiration – monitor#and#control#the#supply#of#oxygen#and#CO2#concentration#in#the#air.#

• Vitiation'of'air'by'body'odour'– quantity#of#fresh#air#required#decreases#as#air#space#available#per#person#
increases#– 20cum#– 30cum#/person/hr

• Values'of'air'changes'– as#per#the#table

• Heat'balance'of'body'–

• Indices'of'thermal'comfortB Thermal#comfort#is#that#condition#of#thermal#environment#under#which#a#person#can#
maintain#a#body#heat#balance#at#normal#body#temperature#and#without#perceptible#sweating.#The#thermal#
indices#which#find#applications#for#Indian#climate#are#as#follows:#Effective#temperature#(ET),Tropical#summer#index#
(TSI),#and#Adaptive#thermal#comfort.

Ventilation#– design#considerations 13
 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

NATURAL'VENTILATION', Natural#supply#and#Natural#exhaust

Natural'ventilation is#the#process#of#supplying#
and#removing#air#through#an#indoor#space#
by natural means,#meaning#without#the#use#of#
a#fan#or#other#mechanical#system.#It#uses#
outdoor#air#flow#caused#by#pressure#
differences#between#the#building#and#its#
surrounding#to#provide ventilation and#space#
cooling.

However#this#does#not#ensure#that#the#quantity#of#fresh#air#required#for#a#space#is#met#.#Sometimes#the#leakage#is#more#
and#sometimes#less.#Also#the#fresh#air#that#comes#in#may#have#a#lot#of#pollutants#and#dust#and#not#be#of#a#very#high#
quality.

Ventilation#U Natural 14
15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

Ventilation#C Natural 15
 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

SYSTEMS$OF$$MECHANICAL$VENTILATION
Mechanical#ventilation#– Mechanical#arrangements#are#used#to#increase#the#rate#of#flow#of#air.#– Suitable#for#large#
buildings,#large#volume#of#spaces#like#factories,#Assembly#Halls,#theatres#,#basements,#etc.#It#is#also#most#effective#in#
Toilets#and#kitchens.

1. Extraction#system#– Natural#supply#&#Mechanical#exhaust
2. Plenum#System#– Mechanical#supply#&#Natural#exhaust
3. Extraction#– Plenum#System#/#Balanced#system#– Mechanical#supply#&#Mechanical#exhaust#

Mechanical#ventilation#is#one#of#the#forms#of#ventilation##and#usually#consists#of#fans,#filters,#ducts,#air#diffusers#and#
outlets#for#air#distribution#within#the#building.

• Air$Conditioning$System

Ventilation#W Systems 16
 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

Extraction*system*(or*exhaust*system)*– Mechanical#extract/#natural#supply

KWorks#on#the#principle#of#vacuum#creation#in#the#room#by#exhausting#the#vitiated#air#with#the#help#of#exhaust#fans.
K The#extraction#of#air#from#the#room#permits#fresh#flow#of#outside#air#through#all#the#openings#or#fenestrations.
K This#system#is#very#effective#in#removing#smoke,#dust#&#odour#from#kitchen,#toilets#and#Industrial#plants.
KThe#air#inlet#can#be#at#a#ht#of#1.2M#to#1.8M#and#the#exhaust#fans#are#located#at#quarter#of#a#M#from#the#ceiling#on#the#
opposite#walls#or#as#far#as#possible#to#avoid#short#circuit#of#air.

• Discharge#should#terminate#in#louvers#or#cowls#or#a#combination#of#both
• Network#of#ducts#connected#to#centrifugal#or#axial#fans#at#the#walls#or#roofs#
• Inlet#of#fresh#air#should#not#be#connected#in#the#vicinity#of#exhaust#fan

Reference#– NBC#2016
17
15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

18
 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

Plenum'system'(or'supply'system)'0 Mechanical#supply#&#natural#extract

JFresh#air#is#forced#into#the#space#and#the#vitiated#air#is#pushed#out##through#
ventilators#
JThe#fresh#air#is#mechanically#forced#into#the#room,#made#to#pass#through#a#
filter.
JA#positive#pressure#is#created#so#that#fresh#treated#air#is#forced#into#the#
spaces,#forcing#the#existing#stale#air#out#thereby#improving#air#quality.#

The#desired#level#of#air#quality#in#the#supply#air#can#be#maintained#by#
providing#suitable#filters#in#the#supply#fan#systems.

The#air#may#be#treated#by#water#so#that#in#addition#to#cleaning#the#air#it#can#
also#cool#it#during#the#summer.

19
 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

Balanced(system(– Mechanical(supply(&(mechanical(extract

This#strategy#is#a#combination#of#the#above#two#strategies#and#consists#of#two#
independent#systems#a#mechanical#supply#system#and#a#mechanical#extract#
system#with#or#without#their#respective#duct#system.

Ventilation#parameters
• Indoor#air#quality
• Air#distribution
• Air#movement#and#
pressurization

20
 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

General'exhaust'ventilation'(dilution'ventilation) is# Local'exhaust'ventilation'is#appropriate#when,

appropriate#when, 1)#emission#sources#contain#materials#of#relatively#high#
a) emission#sources#contain#materials#of#relatively#low# hazard;
hazard 2)#emitted#materials#are#primarily#larger#diameter#
b)#emission#sources#are#primarily#vapours#or#gases,#or# particulates#(likely#to#settle);
small,#respirable#size#aerosols#(those#not#likely#to# 3)#emissions#vary#over#time;
settle); 4)#emission#sources#consist#of#point#sources;
c)#emissions#occur#uniformly; 5)#employees#working#in##the#immediate#vicinity#of
d)#emissions#are#widely#dispersed; the#emission#source;
e)#moderate#climatic#conditions#prevail; 6)#the#plant#is#located#in#a#severe#climate;#and
f)#heat#is#to#be#removed#from#the#space#by#flushing#it# 7)#minimising#air#turnover#is#necessary.
with#outside#air;
g)#concentrations#of#vapours#are#to#be#reduced#in#an# Local#exhaust#ventilation#normally#requires#lower#
enclosure;#and airflows#than#general#(dilution)#ventilation.
h)#portable#or#mobile#emission#sources#are#to#be#
controlled.

21
 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

Mechanical#Ventilation#has#three#basic#elements

Ventilation)rate)– is#the#quantity#of#fresh#treated#air#that#is#supplied#into#a#given#space.
Air#changes#per#hour#=#(Air#supply#rate/#Room#Volume)*#no:#of#occupants

Airflow)direction)– the#direction#of#flow#of#air#that#should#be#from#a#clean#space#to#a#dirty#space

Air)distribution)or)air)flow)pattern)– Air#flow#pattern#has#to#be#designed#in#a#manner#that#all#the#corners#of#the#
spaces#get#fresh#air.

22
 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

MECHNICAL)VENTILATION)
DOMESTIC)KITCHEN

To#extract#the#air#borne#grease,#combustion#products,#fumes,#odour,#heat#and#steam#from#the#
air#above#the#cooking#areaP stove,#cooktop#or#Hob#an#extraction#system#or#exhaust#system#is#
installed.
This#system#varies#for#domestic#and#commercial#kitchen.

Extractor)hoods
• Ducted#system
• Ductless#system

Extraction)system)consists)of
• Capture#panel#to#contain#the#“effluent#plume”#or#rising#gases
• Grease#filters
• Fan/Blower#for#ventilation

Extractor#hoods#may#be#made#from#a#variety#of#materials,#including:#stainless#steel,#tempered#glass#etc.

23
 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

MECHNICAL)VENTILATION)- COMMERCIAL)KITCHEN)
REQUIREMENTS
An#adequate#kitchen#ventilation#system#should#achieve#the#following#
objectives:
•remove#cooking#fumes#at#the#source,#i.e.#as#close#to#the#cooking#equipment#
as#possible
•remove#excess#hot#air#and#introduce#incoming#cool#clean#air#so#that#the#
comfort#conditions are#achieved.#
•Inadequate#ventilation#can#cause stress,#contributing#to#unsafe#systems#of#
work#and#high#staff#turnover.
•ensure#that#the#air#movement#in#the#kitchen#does#not#cause#discomfort
•provide#sufficient#air#for#complete#combustion#at#fired#appliances,#and#
prevent#the#risk#of accumulation#of#carbon#monoxide
•be#easy#to#clean,#avoiding#the#buildWup#of#fat#residues#and#blocked#air#inlets#
which#lead#to#loss#of#efficiency#and#increase the#risk#of#fire
•be#quiet#and#vibration# free
24
 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

BASEMENT(– CAR(PARKING

Ventilation#in#basement#car#parking#is#crucial#to#dilute#the#effect#of
• Poisonous#gases#like#CO,#Oxides#of#Nitrogen#(Nox)
• Petrol#&#Diesel#fumes
• Smoke#from#Engine#exhaust

The#above#can#cause#various#health#hazards#like#nausea,#headache#or#vertigo.

The#ventilation(rate((required#to#maintain the#concentration#of#toxic(gases(within(safe(limits(for#enclosed#parking#
area#is#dependent#on#the#following#4#parameters

• No:#of#cars#in#operation#during#peak#usage#(N)
• Length#of#time#of#operation#(average#ranges#from#60s#– 180#s#– can#vary#between#60s[ 600s)
• Car#emission#rate
• Contaminant#level#criteria

25
 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

For#underground#car#parking,#the#fans#and#the#ventilation#system#used#for#normal#CO#level#ventilation#are#also#used#
for#smoke#ventilation#during#a#fire.#The#extraction#fans,#ancillaries#and#the#system#should#therefore#be#rated#for#high#
temperature#operation#including#air#changes#per#hour#requirement,#as#specified#in#Part#4#T Fire#and#Life#Safety#of#the#
Code.

26
 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

Mechanical)ventilation)system)comprises)of)following

•Air#inlet#section
•Filters
•Blowers#/#Air#Handing#units
•Heating#and/or#cooling#equipment
•Ducts
•Register/grills#for#distributing#the#air#within#the#work#space

Some#process#requires#a#dust#proof#environment#– to#ensure#this#the#areas#are#pressurized#with#filter#supply#air#
which#maintains#positive#pressure#inside#process#areas#their#by#outside#air#contamination#can#be#totally#avoided.#
Most#of#food#manufacturing#&#packaging#industries#demands#pressurization#systems#to#make#their#product#more#
hygienic.

In#mechanical#ventilation#motor#driven#fans#are#used#to#move#the#air
The#types#of#fans#are
• Propeller#types#or#axial#flow#fans
• Impeller#type,#centrifugal#or#tangential#flow#fans

27
 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

Filters#are#provided#at#the#point#of#intake#of#fresh#air
• Dry$filters$– fibrous#or#porous#materials#which#are#generally#disposable#(paper,#cloth#or#glass#fibres)
• Wet$filters$– metal#turning#with#a#large#specific#surface#which#are#coated#with#oil#normally#by#dipping.#These#can#
be#cleaned#and#reused.
• Washing$– spray#of#water#where#the#air#is#drawn#in#or#by#a#curtain#of#water#flowing#down#the#surface#of#the#metal#
or#porcelain#grille.
• Electrostatic$filters$– suspended#dust#particles#are#ionised by#a#high#static#electrical#charge#and#stick#to#the#face#of#
electrode#plates

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 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

MECHANICAL)VENTILATION)OF)TOILETS)– DOMESTIC)APPLICATION

Mechanical#ventilation#in#toilets#for#Domestic#application#is#
primarily#through#exhaust#fans#located#in#the#toilet#windows.#

7/17/17 29
 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

MECHANICAL)VENTILATION)OF)TOILETS)– COMMERCIAL)APPLICATION

Toilets#in#public#buildings#like#Malls,#Airports,#Office#buildings#etc
are#mechanically#vented.

A#shaft#is#provided#adjacent#to#the#toilet#core#through#which#the#
ventilation#ducts#pass.#

The#exhaust#fan#will#be#located#either#at#individual#toilets#or#at#the#
top#most#location#of#the#shaft#as#per#the#fan#capacity#or#the#
ventilation#design.

The#fresh#air#into#the#toilet#is#taken#from#the#common#areas#and#
exhaust#through#the#toilets.

30
 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

Ducts

Diffuser

Flexi#Ducts G4#Air#Filters

31
 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

Applications

The#mechanical#ventilation#systems#are#designed#for#different#industries.#Followings#are#the#type#of#industries#
uses#mechanical#system.
• Pharmaceutical
• Food#industries
• Packaging#industries
• BioRtechnology
• Chemical#industries
• Plastic#/#Rubber#molding
• Steel#plants
• Electronic#Industries

ASHRAE#now#recommends#ventilation#rates#dependent#upon#floor#area,#as#a#revision#to#the#62R2001#standard,#in#
which#the#minimum#ACH#was#0.35,#but#no#less#than#15#CFM/person#(7.1#L/s/person).#As#of#2003,#the#standard#has#
been#changed#to#3#CFM/100#sq.#ft.#(15#l/s/100#sq.#m.)#plus#7.5#CFM/person#(3.5#L/s/person)

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 15#ARC#6.3#(AIR#CONDITIONING,#MECHANICAL#TRANSPORTATION#&#FIRE#PROTECTION)

Air$Conditioning$System

This#is#the#best#system#of#artificial#ventilation#in#which#the#air#is#treated$,$filtered,$heated$or$cooled,$humidified$or$
dehumidified$etc#thus#creating#the#most#comfortable#working#conditions.

Simultaneously#controls,#temperature,#humidity,#air#quality#and#distribution#to#meet#the#requirement#of#the#
conditioned#space.

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