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    Introduction Ic Engine

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    mani
    The document provides an introduction to internal combustion engines. It defines external and internal combustion engines. External combustion engines transfer heat from combustion to a working fluid, like steam engines. Internal combustion engines combust air and fuel directly inside the engine cylinder to provide motive force. The document then categorizes internal combustion engines based on design, fuel type, strokes, ignition method, cycle, fuel supply, cylinders, cooling, speed, cylinder arrangement, valves/ports, governing, and application. It concludes with a comparison of external and internal combustion engines.

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    Introduction Ic Engine

    Uploaded by

    mani
    50 views4 pages
    The document provides an introduction to internal combustion engines. It defines external and internal combustion engines. External combustion engines transfer heat from combustion to a working fluid, like steam engines. Internal combustion engines combust air and fuel directly inside the engine cylinder to provide motive force. The document then categorizes internal combustion engines based on design, fuel type, strokes, ignition method, cycle, fuel supply, cylinders, cooling, speed, cylinder arrangement, valves/ports, governing, and application. It concludes with a comparison of external and internal combustion engines.

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    Original Title

    INTRODUCTION IC ENGINE

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    The document provides an introduction to internal combustion engines. It defines external and internal combustion engines. External combustion engines transfer heat from combustion to a working fluid, like steam engines. Internal combustion engines combust air and fuel directly inside the engine cylinder to provide motive force. The document then categorizes internal combustion engines based on design, fuel type, strokes, ignition method, cycle, fuel supply, cylinders, cooling, speed, cylinder arrangement, valves/ports, governing, and application. It concludes with a comparison of external and internal combustion engines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    50 views4 pages

    Introduction Ic Engine

    Uploaded by

    mani
    The document provides an introduction to internal combustion engines. It defines external and internal combustion engines. External combustion engines transfer heat from combustion to a working fluid, like steam engines. Internal combustion engines combust air and fuel directly inside the engine cylinder to provide motive force. The document then categorizes internal combustion engines based on design, fuel type, strokes, ignition method, cycle, fuel supply, cylinders, cooling, speed, cylinder arrangement, valves/ports, governing, and application. It concludes with a comparison of external and internal combustion engines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    INTRODUCTION IC ENGINE

    Unit -1
    Heat engine:
    A heat engine is a device which transforms the chemical energy of a fuel into
    thermal energy and uses this energy to produce mechanical work. It is classified into
    two types.
    (a) External combustion engine
    (b) Internal combustion engine

    a) External combustion engine:


    In this engine, the products of combustion of air and fuel transfer heat to a
    second fluid which is the working fluid of the cycle.
    Examples:
     In the steam engine or a steam turbine plant, the heat of combustion is employed
    to generate steam which is used in a piston engine (reciprocating type engine) or
    a turbine (rotary type engine) for useful work.
     In a closed cycle gas turbine, the heat of combustion in an external furnace is
    transferred to gas, usually air which the working fluid of the cycle.

    b) Internal combustion engine:


    In this engine, the combustion of air and fuels take place inside the cylinder and are
    used as the direct motive force. It can be classified into the following types:

    1. According to the basic engine design


    (a) Reciprocating engine (Use of cylinder piston arrangement),
    (b) Rotary engine (Use of turbine)

    2. According to the type of fuel used


    (a) Petrol engine,
    (b) diesel engine,
    (c) gas engine (CNG, LPG),
    (d) Alcohol engine (ethanol, methanol etc)

    3. According to the number of strokes per cycle


    (a) Four stroke and
    (b) Two stroke engine

    4. According to the method of igniting the fuel


    (a) Spark ignition engine,
    (b) Compression ignition engine and (c) hot spot ignition engine

    5. According to the working cycle


    (a) Otto cycle (constant volume cycle) engine,
    (b) Diesel cycle (constant pressure cycle) engine,
    (c) Dual combustion cycle (semi diesel cycle) engine.

    6. According to the fuel supply and mixture preparation


    (a) Carbureted type (fuel supplied through the carburettor),
    (b) Injection type (fuel injected into inlet ports or inlet manifold,fuel injected into the
    cylinder just before ignition).

    7. According to the number of cylinder


    (a) Single cylinder and
    (b) multi-cylinder engine

    8. Method of cooling
    (a) water cooled and
    (b) air cooled

    9. Speed of the engine


    (a) Slow speed,
    (b) Medium speed and
    (c) High speed engine

    10. Cylinder arrangement


    (a) Vertical,
    (b) Horizontal,
    (c) Inline,
    (d) V-type,
    (e) Radial,
    (f) Opposed cylinder or piston engines.

    11. Valve or port design and location


    (a) Overhead (I head),
    (b) Side valve (L head),
    In two stroke engines:
    (a) Cross scavenging,
    (b) Loop scavenging,
    (c) Uniflow scavenging.

    12. Method governing


    Hit and miss governed engines, quantitatively governed engines and qualitatively
    governed engine.

    13. Application
    Automotive engines for land transport, marine engines for propulsion of ships, aircraft
    engines for aircraft propulsion, industrial engines, prime movers for electrical
    generators.
    Comparison between external combustion engine and internal combustion
    engine:

    External combustion engine Internal combustion engine


    Combustion of air-fuel is outside the Combustion of air-fuel is inside the engine
    engine cylinder (in a boiler) cylinder (in a boiler)
    The engines are running smoothly and Very noisy operated engine
    silently due to outside combustion
    Higher ratio of weight and bulk to output It is light and compact due to lower ratio of
    due to presence of auxiliary apparatus like weight and bulk to output.
    boiler and condenser. Hence it is heavy
    and cumbersome.
    Working pressure and temperature inside Working pressure and temperature inside
    the engine cylinder is low; hence ordinary the engine cylinder is very much high;
    alloys are used for the manufacture of hence special alloys are used
    engine cylinder and its parts.
    It can use cheaper fuels including solid High grade fuels are used with proper
    fuel filtration
    Lower efficiency about 15-20% Higher efficiency about 35-40%

    Higher requirement of water for dissipation Lesser requirement of water


    of energy through cooling system
    High starting torque IC engines are not self-starting

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