American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics & Pedorthics, Inc.

Practitioner
Book of Rules
& Candidate Guide
 Table of Contents
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Examination Policies and Information . . . . . .12
Orthotic and Prosthetic Practitioners...............................4 Confirmation of Examination Dates/Location(s)........12
Professional Credentials ........................................................5 Examination Admittance....................................................12
Governance of ABC .................................................................5 Cancellation/Refund Policies ............................................12
Proprietary Ownership of ABC Credentials ....................5 Test Center Closings .............................................................13
Code of Professional Responsibility ..................................5 Hazardous Weather ..............................................................13

Timeline for Certification Process . . . . . . . . . . .6 Space Limitation for CPM Examination .........................13
Language .................................................................................13
Eligibility Requirements for Certification . . . .7
Misconduct at the Examinations .....................................13
Education of Orthotists and Prosthetists ........................7
Dismissal Policies...................................................................13
Foreign Education/Certification .........................................7
Examination Results .............................................................14
Clinical Experience ..................................................................7
Scoring Procedures...............................................................14
Extension of Credential (CPO) .............................................7
Examination Scoring ............................................................14
Education and Experience Requirements.......................8
Scoring of the written examination................................14
The Application Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Scoring of the written simulation examination .........14
General Application Information .......................................9 Scoring of the Clinical Patient Management
Application Forms ...................................................................9 examination ............................................................................14
Submission of Application ...................................................9 Hand Scoring ..........................................................................14
Fees and Documentation Required ..................................9 Examination Appeals ...........................................................15
Application Deadline..............................................................9 Privileged Information.........................................................15
Residency Deadline.................................................................9 Release of Information ........................................................15
Notification of Application Decision ..............................10 Data Compilation ..................................................................15
Statement of Non-Discrimination ...................................10 The ABC Practitioner Examinations . . . . . . . . .16
Applicant Ineligibility...........................................................10 General Description of the Examinations.....................16
Eligibility Period .....................................................................10 The Written Examination ....................................................16
Re-Examination......................................................................10 The Written Simulation Examination .............................16
Reapplying for Eligibility.....................................................10 The Clinical Patient Management (CPM)
Address Changes...................................................................10 Examination ............................................................................17

Authority ..................................................................................11 Examination Content ...........................................................17

Criminal History Disclosure................................................11 Scope Of Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Special Accommodations...................................................11 Initial Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Falsification..............................................................................11
Application Appeals .............................................................11
Appeals Decision ...................................................................11

2 American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics & Pedorthics, Inc.

Maintaining Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Appendix II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Professional Conduct .........................................................20 Sample Orthotic Written Examination...........................27
Mandatory Continuing Education (MCE)......................20 Appendix III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Annual Renewal Fees ...........................................................20 Sample Prosthetic Written Examination .......................29
Appendix I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Appendix IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
Certified Orthotist And Prosthetist Examination Question References and
Domain, Tasks, Knowledge And Skills............................21 Recommended Reading List .............................................31
Domain 1: Patient Assessment .........................................21
Domain 2: Formulation of the Treatment Plan ...........21
Domain 3: Implementation of the Treatment Plan ...22
Domain 4: Follow-up Treatment Plan.............................23
Domain 5: Practice Management ....................................23
Domain 6: Promotion of Competency and
Enhancement of Professional Practice ..........................24
Knowledge Statements.......................................................25
Skill Statements......................................................................26

Effective December 2012

This edition supersedes all previous editions.
© 2013 by the American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics & Pedorthics, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this document may be produced in any form without written permission of the American Board for
Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics & Pedorthics, Inc.

ABC Certified Practitioner Book of Rules & Candidate Guide 3

 Overview
Ounded In 1948 as a not-for-profit credentialing programs. ABC certification is

F organization, the American Board for

Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics and
Pedorthics Inc., commonly known as ABC, is a
recognized by various state agencies and third-party
payers for insurance reimbursements and is
considered the standard among orthotic, prosthetic
credentialing body established by the orthotic and and pedorthic professionals, both nationally and
prosthetic profession to identify those practitioners internationally.
who satisfy minimum qualifications to render ABC certification is also highly regarded by
essential public health services in these disciplines. orthopaedic surgeons, physical and occupational
ABC conducts examinations to test the competency therapists, amputee support groups and other
of those persons engaged in the practice of orthotics members of the rehabilitation community.
and/or prosthetics who voluntarily apply for the
examination process. Orthotic and Prosthetic
Practitioner certification in orthotics and/or
prosthetics is awarded as an attestation of
Practitioners
competency for the public, those who require An ABC Certified Orthotist or Prosthetist is a
orthotic and/or prosthetic services and those in healthcare professional who has demonstrated their
other health professions. e awarding of ABC qualifications and competency through a thorough
certification provides the certified practitioner with and detailed examination process. is individual
an appropriate and meaningful recognition of has been specifically educated and trained to manage
professional competence. comprehensive orthotic and/or prosthetic patient
Practitioners whose education and clinical care. is includes patient assessment, formulation
training meet existing ABC requirements may sit for of a treatment plan, implementation of the treatment
the ABC examinations which are designed to plan, follow-up and practice management.
evaluate knowledge of current orthotic/prosthetic Orthotic care may include, but is not limited to,
treatment modalities as well as ability to assess patient evaluation, orthosis design, fabrication,
patients, formulate a treatment plan, implement that fitting and modification to treat a neuro-
treatment plan and manage the total care of patients musculoskeletal disorder or acquired condition.
in need of orthotic and/or prosthetic interventions. Prosthetic care may include, but is not limited to,
ose who successfully complete the examination patient evaluation, prosthesis design, fabrication,
process are awarded certification in orthotics, fitting and modification to treat limb loss for
prosthetics or both. e awarding of these purposes of restoring physiological function and
certificates recognizes that the individual has cosmesis.
demonstrated a minimum level of competence. e Orthotic, Prosthetic and Pedorthic Scope of
e ABC practitioner certification programs are Practice is located on the ABC website at
accredited by the national Commission for abcop.org or by calling the ABC office at
Certifying Agencies (nCCA), an organization that 703-836-7114.
establishes standards on examination validity,
reliability and safeguards to the public for

4 American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics & Pedorthics, Inc.

Professional Credentials Proprietary Ownership of
Practitioners aspiring to become ABC Certified ABC Credentials
Orthotists or Prosthetists (CO or CP) must
Certification is a privilege, not a right. e ABC
successfully meet the board mandated prerequisites
Board of directors maintains legal authority to
for credentialed individuals. ese include
award its certification credentials and may withhold,
submitting the appropriate documentation of
suspend or revoke any certification credential in
education and residency training, successfully
accordance with the established policies, rules and
passing the comprehensive written, written
regulations.
simulation and the hands-on Clinical Patient
Management examinations. These in-depth
examinations are designed to cover the domains,
Code of Professional
tasks and skills of the profession as well as the clinical Responsibility
decision-making and problem-solving skills involved upon approval for candidate status, candidates
in patient care. are subject to the ABC Code of Professional
Successful completion of the rigorous Responsibility. Adherence to the Code is required
requirements and examinations is confirmation that throughout the candidacy and continues once
you have the education, knowledge, experience and certification is granted.
skills required of an ABC Certified Orthotist and/or e ABC Code of Professional Responsibility is
Prosthetist. located on the ABC website at abcop.org or you
e credential of Certified Prosthetist-Orthotist can obtain a copy by calling the ABC office at 703-
(CPO) is conferred to practitioners whose 836-7114. A copy of the ABC Code of Professional
responsibilities conform to those of both orthotist Responsibility will be provided to candidates in their
and prosthetist and who successfully fulfill all of the eligibility packet.
requirements in both disciplines.

Governance of ABC
e affairs of ABC are governed by the board of
directors. erefore, the board is responsible for the
policies and procedures governing certification, and
the board has the authority under its bylaws to
modify the rules, regulations and policies as it deems
appropriate. e board is comprised of ABC
Certified Orthotists, Prosthetists, Pedorthists and
public representatives.

ABC Certified Practitioner Book of Rules & Candidate Guide 5

 Timeline for Certification Process
Exam Application Residency Eligibility Written Written New
Session Deadline Deadline letters exam exam certificant
mailed logistical scores packages
information emailed mailed
emailed by and
the testing mailed
agency

JANUARY November 1 December 1 4 weeks 4 weeks after 4-6 weeks 8 weeks post
after receipt of post exam
receipt of application exam
application

MARCH January 1 February 1 4 weeks 4 weeks after 4-6 weeks 8 weeks post
after receipt of post exam
receipt of application exam
application

MAY March 1 April 1 4 weeks 4 weeks after 4-6 weeks 8 weeks post
after receipt of post exam
receipt of application exam
application

JULY May 1 June 1 4 weeks 4 weeks after 4-6 weeks 8 weeks post
after receipt of post exam
receipt of application exam
application

SEPTEMBER July 1 August 1 4 weeks 4 weeks after 4-6 weeks 8 weeks post
after receipt of post exam
receipt of application exam
application

NOVEMBER September 1 October 1 4 weeks 4 weeks after 4-6 weeks 8 weeks post
after receipt of post exam
receipt of application exam
application

6 American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics & Pedorthics, Inc.

Eligibility Requirements
for Certification
rthotic and prosthetic practitioners may standing by the Canadian Board for Certification of

O qualify to be examined upon completion of

specific education and experience
requirements established by ABC. e education
Prosthetists and Orthotists (CBCPO), ABC will
waive the educational and experience eligibility
criteria. Candidates must submit a letter from
and experience requirements are summarized in the CBCPO verifying good standing dated within two
chart on page 8. months of the application for ABC certification.
Practitioners certified by the CBCPO must take the
Education of Orthotists and ABC examinations.
Prosthetists Clinical Experience
education must be from a regionally accredited
All graduates of a CAAHeP accredited orthotics or
institution of higher learning in the united States or
prosthetics baccalaureate, masters, or certificate
its territories unless otherwise specified. In addition,
program must obtain their clinical experience by
all specialized education in orthotics and prosthetics
completing a national Commission on Orthotic and
must have been acquired from a program accredited
Prosthetic education (nCOPe) accredited
by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied
residency program. is is a 12-month program, per
Health education Programs (CAAHeP).
discipline, or an 18-month dual discipline program
in which a resident is tracked through the program
Foreign with specific clinical experience, research and other
Education/Certification requirements. Residents must successfully complete
Individuals who have received their baccalaureate, the residency program in order to meet the
masters and/or orthotic and prosthetic education in certification eligibility requirements.
a foreign country must have their education
evaluated by the World education Services (WeS), Extension of Credential
P.O. Box 5087, new York, nY 10274-5087, 212- (CPO)
966-6311, www.wes.org. WeS is a professional
Certified practitioners seeking to extend their
education evaluation service that equates foreign
credential to CPO (seeking certification in the
education to programs in the united States.
second discipline) must meet the education and
Graduates of the university of Strathclyde's
experience requirements in effect at the time of their
national Centre for Training and education in
application and described in this publication.
Prosthetics and Orthotics are not required to submit
a transcript evaluation from WeS. An official Additionally, applicants must be in good standing
transcript indicating degree conferral must be with the primary certification. upon extension of
submitted with the application for ABC certification. credential, the newly credentialed CPO will receive a
If an applicant is certified and currently in good new certification, continuing education effective and
expiration date.

ABC Certified Practitioner Book of Rules & Candidate Guide 7

 Education and Experience Requirements

PATHWAY EDUCATION EXPERIENCE

Bachelors or Masters A 12-month (per discipline)

degree in orthotics or 18-month dual discipline
or prosthetics NCOPE accredited
1 from a CAAHEP residency program.
accredited program.

Bachelors or Masters A 12-month (per discipline)

degree in any major, or 18-month dual discipline
2 plus an orthotic NCOPE accredited
or prosthetic certificate residency program.
from a CAAHEP
accredited program.

Foreign degree A 12-month (per discipline)

equivalent to a or 18-month dual discipline
Bachelors or Masters NCOPE accredited
in orthotics residency program.
and prosthetics.
3
Foreign degree A 12-month (per discipline)
equivalent to a or 18-month dual discipline
Bachelors in NCOPE accredited
any major; plus, residency program.
an orthotic or
prosthetic certificate
from a CAAHEP
accredited program.

8 American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics & Pedorthics, Inc.

The Application Process
ndividuals who have met the eligibility *Sealed, official transcripts may be mailed directly to

I requirements may submit an application for

approval as a candidate for certification.
e process for applying is:
ABC from the school or you may submit them with your
application. Sealed transcripts must not be opened by the
applicant. For those extending their credential, the
previous file will be referenced should the applicant
1) Submit the application, and reapply within a period of seven years following the
2) Register for the examination(s). Registration for at expiration of his or her original eligibility.
least one of the three examinations must be 4. Application Deadline:
submitted with the application.
January session—november 1
General Application March session—January 1
Information May session—March 1
1. Application Forms: Individuals seeking July session—May 1
certification may obtain an application from ABC. September session—July 1
Applications are available on the ABC website,
abcop.org, or by calling the ABC office at 703-836- november session—September 1
7114. 5. Residency Deadline:
2. Submission of Application: Applications must January session—december 1
be complete in all respects to be processed and
March session—February 1
approved. Incomplete applications will not be
processed until all required documents and fees are May session—April 1
submitted. Such processing delays will cause the July session—June 1
applicant to be excluded from a desired examination
date and location. September session—August 1

3. Fees and Documentation Required: (carefully november session—October 1

read the application for instructions and
requirements)
¢ Completed application form
¢ Official degree transcript*
¢ Copy of the certificate of completion from the
approved orthotic or prosthetic course(s)
¢ e examination fees
¢ e non-refundable application fee

ABC Certified Practitioner Book of Rules & Candidate Guide 9

 6. Notification of Application Decision: 9. Eligibility Period: Applicants for practitioner
Applicants will be notified in writing of their certification who have been evaluated and deemed to
eligibility decision approximately four weeks after have satisfied all eligibility requirements are assigned
receipt of their application. candidate status. e approved candidate will be
granted a three-year eligibility period in which to
Clinical Patient Management (CPM) exams:
take and pass the examinations. e candidate will
Although every effort is made to accommodate all
be granted no more than four attempts at each exam
eligible candidates, ABC reserves the right to limit
within their eligibility period to pass each
the number of registrants should space be restricted.
examination.
Applications and registrations will be accepted on a
first-come, first-served basis. 10. Re-Examination: Any candidate who is
unsuccessful on one of the three examinations may
7. Statement of Non-Discrimination: ABC
retake the examination provided the candidate is
does not discriminate among applicants on the
within his or her eligibility period and has not
basis of age, sex, race, religion, national origin,
exhausted the allotted four attempts at the
disability or marital status.
examination. All other scores will stand throughout
8. Applicant Ineligibility: An applicant will be the eligibility period. To register for the next available
determined ineligible for the following reasons: examination, the candidate must request and submit
¢ Insufficient documentation to assess eligibility the current registration form and fees.
¢ documentation provided does not meet 11. Reapplying for Eligibility: Once the candidate
eligibility requirements has exhausted his or her eligibility period, he or she
may reapply for eligibility by submitting a new
¢ Lack of required fees application, subject to the prevailing Candidate
If it is determined that the information provided Guide, complete with supporting documentation
is inadequate to assess eligibility, the applicant will be and application fee. Passing scores from the previous
notified and given a deadline to respond with eligibility period will not carry over to the new
necessary documentation. If documents are not eligibility period. e previous file will be referenced
received by the given deadline, the application will be only for the official degree transcripts should the
denied. e application may be reconsidered during applicant reapply within a period of seven years
a later examination cycle. Information regarding the following the expiration of his or her original
next examination cycle must be requested by the eligibility.
applicant. One subsequent application will be 12. Address Changes: e home and/or email
processed under the original fee. If the applicant is address provided on the application will be used for
denied eligibility a second time, a new application mailing the letter of eligibility, examination
and fee will be required. confirmation and results. Individuals are responsible
for informing ABC immediately in writing of any
address changes.

10 American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics & Pedorthics, Inc.

13. Authority: ABC reserves the right to ask 16. Falsification: discovery that an applicant has
applicants to furnish such information or make such falsified any information on the application shall lead
inquiries as may be deemed appropriate to identify to any or all of the following actions:
the nature and extent of the applicant’s education, ¢ Rejection of the application
experience, competency, moral character and
reputation. ¢ Barring the applicant from examination

14. Criminal History Disclosure: Applicants must ¢ Revocation of any existing ABC certification
disclose criminal history information if the applicant status of the applicant
has been convicted by a court of competent ¢ Reference of the incident to the Professional
jurisdiction or pleaded nolo contendere to a felony or discipline Committee
any crime involving moral turpitude or is currently
¢ Any act of falsification shall be made a part of
under indictment for such a crime. Applicants must
that individual’s permanent record.
submit a signed written statement and full
explanation along with supporting documents to 17. Application Appeals: Applicants whose
accompany the application. examples of supporting applications have been denied by the Applications
documents may include, but are not limited to, Review Committee on the basis that the applicant
official court documents, probation documents, has failed to demonstrate the minimal eligibility
police reports, etc. requirements may appeal their denial. Applicants
must submit appeals in writing to the ABC Board of
15. Special Accommodations: It is the policy of
ABC to administer certification examinations in a directors.
manner that does not discriminate against an Appeals must:
otherwise qualified applicant. ABC offers reasonable
¢ Be in writing, signed by the applicant and sent
and appropriate accommodations for the
to ABC by Certified Mail
examinations for those persons with documented
disabilities, as required by the Americans with ¢ State the specific reasons for appeal
disabilities Act (AdA). ¢ Be accompanied by evidence or other pertinent
Applicants requesting any accommodations information refuting original findings
must submit a separate Application for examination
Accommodations with the application/registration ¢ Be postmarked no later than 30 calendar days
form by the application deadline for their desired after the date on the notification letter
examination cycle. is is to provide adequate time Appeals Decision:
to resolve any documentation and/or examination Applicants submitting an appeal to the board of
logistic issues that may arise. ABC will review each directors will receive notification of the decision
request on an individual basis and make decisions within 45 days of receipt of the request. e Board
relative to appropriate accommodations. Requests of directors’ decision is final.
received after the application deadline and/or
without the additional required documentation will
be denied. e Special Accommodation Policy and
Application for examination Accommodations are
available from the ABC office.

ABC Certified Practitioner Book of Rules & Candidate Guide 11

 Examination Policies
and Information
1. Confirmation of Examination Dates/Location(s): Written and Written Simulation Exams:
All candidates will be notified by email from the Cancellations received 31 days or more
contract testing service with all logistical information, preceding the candidate’s scheduled examination
including a list of sites and an explanation of the test date will be eligible for a refund of the examination
site selection process. All candidates registered for fee(s).
the Clinical Patient Management examination will Cancellations received 30 days or less preceding
receive written confirmation and logistical the candidate’s scheduled examination date will be
information for the examination dates approximately subject to a cancellation fee. erefore, cancellations
45 days prior to the scheduled examination. should be carefully considered. Candidates should
Candidates for the examination will receive an reference their Authorization-To-Test letter for a full
Authorization-To-Test (ATT) letter from the explanation of the cancellation and/or rescheduling
contracted testing service. It is the responsibility of policy.
the candidate to adhere to the instructions on the Candidates failing to schedule an appointment
letter to secure an examination date, time and with the contract testing service for the registered
location. To be admitted for testing for any examination cycle will result in a forfeiture of the
examination, candidates must arrive at the assigned examination fee(s). e eligibility period will not be
location at least 30 minutes prior to their scheduled extended.
exam time, present their Authorization-To-Test Candidates failing to schedule an appointment
letter and have their identity confirmed by photo with the contract testing service for the registered
identification. examination cycle will result in a forfeiture of the
examination fee(s). e eligibility period will not be
2. Examination Admittance: Candidates will be
extended.
required to show two current forms of identification,
including one current, unexpired government-issued Clinical Patient Management Examination
photo identification document with signature (e.g., Receipt of notification at least 30 days prior to the
driver’s license or passport) and a second examination entitles the candidate to refund of the
identification document with their signature (e.g., examination fee. Any registered candidate who
credit card or work Id). e name on both notifies ABC in writing in less than 30 days prior to
identification documents must match the name on the examination will forfeit the entire fee. e
the Authorization-To-Test letter. Candidates will eligibility period will not be extended.
not be permitted to test without the required extenuating circumstances may be considered.
identification. No exceptions will be made. Such requests must be in writing, signed by the
candidate, addressed to ABC and include the
3. Cancellation/Refund Policies: Any candidate
reasons for the request and supporting
who is unable to take an examination for which he or
documentation. To register for the next available
she has registered must notify ABC with a signed
examination, the candidate must request and submit
letter. Cancellations are effective the date they are
the current registration form and fees.
received by ABC.

12 American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics & Pedorthics, Inc.

4. Test Center Closings: If a test center must be ¢ Failing to observe any rules of conduct as
closed before a test date, all candidates for the outlined by the test proctor
affected center will be offered options that may
¢ Copy in writing or otherwise record or transmit
include having their examinations rescheduled to an
to others any examination questions or answers or
alternate date determined jointly by ABC, the
other aspects of the nature or content of the
contract testing service, and the candidate; or
examination
receiving full refunds of examination fees. When an
administrative cancellation is required, refunds and ¢ Bring any answering agent of any nature (i.e.,
rescheduling options will apply only to candidates books, notes) to the examination site or school
scheduled to report to the affected center. grounds
5. Hazardous Weather: If you are unable to travel to ¢ Remove from the test site any used scratch
your testing center due to hazardous weather, you paper or notes taken during the exam
must notify ABC at 703-836-7114 within three days ¢ Offer, assist or solicit assistance from other
after the examination date to be eligible for refund or candidates, examiners or those responsible for the
rescheduling options. ABC will determine whether administration of the examination
or not conditions warrant a full refund of
examination fees. neither ABC or the contract ¢ engage in any other conduct or inappropriate
testing service will make any reimbursements for any behavior that is injurious to the integrity of the
expenses (other than examination fees) incurred by examination or to any of its participants
candidates unable to reach their test centers due to 9. Dismissal Policies: Any candidate who is
hazardous weather. observed engaging in any of the above listed activities
6. Space Limitation for CPM Examination: due to will be subject to dismissal from the examination,
the logistical requirements of the CPM may be barred from future examinations for a period
examinations, limitations on the number of ranging from one year to permanent dismissal and
candidates who can be accepted for testing may apply. may be required to forfeit his or her current
In this event, candidates will be notified of a deferral examination fees and a period of eligibility. Prior to
to the next available date. examination fees will be determination regarding future permission to take
deferred to the next examination, unless otherwise the examination, the candidate is entitled to request
instructed in writing by the candidate. a review by written appeal, provided the written
appeal is received by ABC within 30 days of
7. Language: e examinations are offered in dismissal. e written appeal must cite reasons
english only. no translators or translation devices refuting the decision for dismissal.
will be allowed during the examination.
8. Misconduct at the Examinations: It is improper
for examination candidates to engage in any of the
following activities:

ABC Certified Practitioner Book of Rules & Candidate Guide 13

 Following a review of the written appeal, the Scoring of the written simulation examination: each
board of directors will make a determination simulation problem contains options that are scored
regarding future permission to take the as clearly indicated in competent practice or clearly
examination. e candidate will be notified of the contraindicated. e problems also contain options
board’s decision within 45 days of receipt of the that are appropriate (without being clearly
appeal. e board of directors’ decision is final. indicated), neutral and inappropriate (without being
10. Examination Results: Preliminary score reports clearly contraindicated). All problems are scored
individually by comparing the candidate’s responses
are provided at the conclusion of the written and
with those identified as optimal by content experts.
written simulation exams. e contract testing
e scores for each problem are then combined to
service will email official score reports directly to the
calculate the total score. Candidates achieving the
candidates approximately four to six weeks following
optimal score select the path identified as the optimal
the written examinations. CPM score reports will be
path, avoiding options that detract from the score by
emailed approximately 10 weeks following the
being contraindicated or clearly contraindicated in
examination. Score reports will be mailed to the
competent practice. e passing point, as determined
home address and emailed to the email address on
by expert judges, is fixed to assure that all passing
the application unless otherwise instructed, in
candidates achieve at least the minimally acceptable
writing, by the candidate.
score.
11. Scoring Procedures: Answer documents for all
examinations are scored by the contract testing Scoring of the Clinical Patient Management
service. Scores within five percent (written and examination: ABC calculates CPM scores using a
written simulation exams) and three percent (CPM formula that weighs each response relative to how
exam) of the passing score are always re-verified as critical that item is judged to be. is judgment is
part of standard quality control procedures. developed by a panel of certified practitioners.
Clinical examiners evaluate a candidate’s
12. Examination Scoring: performance on each task. e passing point is
Scoring of the written examination: e passing referenced to a criterion with clear, predetermined
score for the written examination has been standards.
recommended by a geographically diverse panel of
practicing certified practitioners with both clinical 13. Hand Scoring: If a failing score is received, the
results may be verified through hand scoring.
and educational backgrounds individually selected by
However, the scoring methods used by ABC and the
the board of directors. is panel, under the
contract testing service are highly reliable and
guidance of testing experts from the contract testing
accurate and rarely does hand scoring produce a
service, computes a passing score representing the
change in a score. Written requests for hand scoring
minimum level of knowledge that must be
must be received within two weeks of receipt of the
demonstrated to pass the examination. All
test scores and must include the fee in the form of a
examinations are administered and scored by a
computer-based system.

14 American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics & Pedorthics, Inc.

check or money order made payable to ABC. e fee ¢ Completed by the candidate and submitted
for hand scoring the written examination is $75. e within 14 days of the examination date
fee for hand scoring each written simulation
¢ Accompanied by necessary evidence or other
examination is $225. e fee for hand scoring each
pertinent information
clinical patient management examination is $225.
Results of the hand scoring process are mailed Appeals Decision: Candidates submitting a request
approximately eight weeks after receipt. for review to ABC shall receive notification of the
results within 45 days of receipt. Should the
14. Examination Appeals: Candidates may request
candidate not be satisfied with the decision rendered,
a review of a specific item or questions presented on
the candidate may submit a written appeal to the
the examination, or may appeal a particular incident
board of directors within 14 days. Candidates will be
or circumstance in relation to an examination.
notified of the board’s decision within 45 days of
Review of Examination Question or Item: All receipt of the request. e board of directors'
requests for review of items, questions or tasks decision is final.
appearing on an examination must be submitted in
15. Privileged Information: e nature, format,
writing. All requests will be forwarded to the ABC
content and results of examinations administered by
Professional Credentialing Committee or its
ABC are considered privileged information. due to
designees for review. e written request for review
the importance of test security and item banking,
must be:
neither test booklets nor answer keys will be
¢ Completed by the candidate and submitted disclosed or made available for review by candidates
within 30 days following the examination date or any other unauthorized third party.
¢ Accompanied by thorough clinical 16. Release of Information: ABC is committed to
documentation to support the basis of the challenge protecting the confidentiality of candidates’ records
Review of Incident or Administrative Procedure: and has adopted policies to ensure their privacy.
Candidates may request a review of a specific Information about candidates and their
incident or procedure relative to the examination examination results is not released to any third party,
process or administration if it is felt the incident or other than state licensure boards, if required.
procedure impeded the candidate’s opportunity for Additionally, candidates’ test scores are not released
successful completion of the examination. e by telephone.
written request for review must be: 17. Data Compilation: ABC may develop and
publish statistical data regarding the examinations
providing the identities of the candidates are not
divulged.

ABC Certified Practitioner Book of Rules & Candidate Guide 15

 The ABC Practitioner
Examinations
General Description of the The Written Simulation
Examinations Examination
Candidates are required to successfully pass three e written simulation examination assesses
examinations that are designed to evaluate candidates’ problem-solving skills through an
knowledge and clinical competencies in orthotics and interactive format. e simulations imitate lifelike
prosthetics practice. e three examinations are situations an orthotist or prosthetist might
independent of one another and may be taken in any encounter in daily clinical practice. e written
sequence. e examinations and the passing scores simulations include seven problems. Candidates will
are reviewed and revised annually. have three hours for completion of the written
The written and written simulation simulation examination.
examinations are administered by computer-based For orthotics, the problems may include
testing (CBT). CBT is a method of administering scoliosis/kyphosis, spinal cord injuries, fractures,
tests in which the responses are electronically treatment of stroke, upper extremity management,
recorded. As the name implies, computer-based hip and knee pathologies, cervical spine and
testing makes use of a computer instead of a neuromuscular disease.
traditional pen and paper examination. ese two e prosthetics simulation may include
examinations are offered bi-monthly at management of the transradial and transhumeral
approximately 250 locations around the country. amputee, upper extremity amputee, partial foot
amputee and immediate postoperative fitting
The Written Examination procedures.
A sample written simulation examination is
e written examination is a three-hour, multiple-
provided to each candidate prior to the examination.
choice, CBT examination consisting of 165
questions designed to measure a candidate’s general
knowledge of basic principles of patient and practice
management. General knowledge assessed on the
written examination may include anatomy,
kinesiology, componentry, materials and practice
management. Sample written examination test items
may be found in Appendices II and III.

16 American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics & Pedorthics, Inc.

The Clinical Patient Examination Content
Management Examination e development of valid examinations begins with
a practice analysis, which gives a clear and concise
The Clinical Patient Management (CPM)
definition of the knowledge, skills and abilities
examination is designed to assess the practical skills
needed for competent job performance.
considered by experts to be necessary in the competent
experts have identified the critical job
performance of orthotics and prosthetics. e CPM
components in the orthotic and prosthetic
requires candidates to demonstrate practical ability in
profession using a process that includes interviews,
a clinical environment. Skills in such areas as patient
surveys, observation and group discussions.
evaluation, prescription criteria, measurement
ABC conducted a Practice Analysis of the
technique, fitting, alignment and appropriate handling
Certified Practitioners in the Disciplines of Orthotics
of patients are evaluated. e CPM examinations are
and Prosthetics that identified performance domains
hands-on practical examinations. e CPM
for both orthotists and prosthetists. Within each
examinations are offered three times a year in one
performance domain, several identified tasks provide
specific location.
the basis for questions in the examinations. e
practice analysis also identified associated
knowledge and skills related to the practice of
orthotics and prosthetics. e domains, tasks,
knowledge and skills are in Appendix I.

ABC Certified Practitioner Book of Rules & Candidate Guide 17

 Scope Of Practice
n ABC Certified Orthotist and/or e orthotist and/or prosthetist certified by

A Prosthetist is a health care professional who

is specifically educated and trained to
manage comprehensive orthotic and/or prosthetic
ABC is bound by the ABC Code of Professional
Responsibility, which is enforced by a Professional
discipline program. The certified orthotist/
patient care. is includes patient assessment, prosthetist is obligated to support and conform to
formulation of a treatment plan, implementation of professional responsibilities that promote and assure
the treatment plan, follow-up and practice the overall welfare of the patient and the integrity of
management. Orthotic care may include, but is not the profession. e time limited certification expires
limited to, patient evaluation, orthosis design, without compliance with requirements of the ABC
fabrication, fitting and modification to treat a Continuing education program.
neuromusculoskeletal disorder or acquired e Orthotic, Prosthetic and Pedorthic Scope of
condition. Prosthetic care may include, but is not Practice is located on the ABC website at
limited to, patient evaluation, prosthesis design, abcop.org or by calling the ABC office at
fabrication, fitting and modification to treat limb loss 703-836-7114.
for purposes of restoring physiological function
and/or cosmesis.

18 American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics & Pedorthics, Inc.

Initial Certification
ractitioners successfully completing the Certified practitioners in good standing will

P certification examinations will receive a

congratulatory letter, a certificate, a
certification number, a sleeve patch, the ABC Guide
receive the O&P Almanac, Mark of Merit newsletter,
and be listed in the ABC online directory.
A directory of all ABC credentialed individuals
to Maintaining Your Certification, the Code of and organizations is maintained online and available
Professional Responsibility and information regarding at abcop.org.
the proper use of the ABC credential and logo.
newly certified practitioners will receive an invoice
for that year’s certification fees at a prorated amount.

ABC Certified Practitioner Book of Rules & Candidate Guide 19

 Maintaining Certification
ll certifees are required to maintain ¢ A maximum of 25 credits may be Business

A certification by remitting annual fees,

participating in ABC’s Continuing
education program and adhering to the Code of
and/or Category II Scientific.
¢ Business credits can be earned in either
Category I or II, but do not count toward satisfying
Professional Responsibility.
the 50 Category I Scientific credits.
Professional Conduct Dual Discipline Orthotist Prosthetist—CPO
Practitioners are required to abide by the Code of ¢ A total of 100 credits must be earned during the
Professional Responsibility to maintain good standing. 5-year cycle.
e Code was adopted to promote acceptable ¢ A minimum of 75 credits must be Category I
standards of moral and professional conduct. Scientific.
Certified practitioners must abide by the rules and
policies of the board and must otherwise conduct ¢ A maximum of 25 credits may be Business
themselves in a fashion that brings credit to the and/or Category II Scientific.
profession, including, if necessary, the exposure of ¢ Business credits can be earned in either
illegal, improper and/or unethical conduct of others Category I or II, but do not count toward satisfying
that can assist the board in maintaining the the 75 Category I Scientific credits.
standards of the profession. Complaints alleging
¢ When extending a credential from CO or CP to
violations of the Code are referred to the Professional
CPO, the certification date of the most recent
discipline Committee for review.
credential will determine the 5-year continuing
Continuing Education education cycle. For example, if the orthotic
certification was awarded in 2009 and the
The following requirements have been established prosthetic certification was awarded in 2012, the
for maintaining continuing education. Please consult effective date for the 5-year cycle will be 2012.
the ABC Guide to Maintaining Your Certification for
additional information on this program. Continuing education statements are mailed
twice per year. Keep these statements in a secure
ABC requires that individuals maintain their place as this information serves as the
certification through appropriate learning activities practitioner’s official record of recertification.
relevant to their ABC credential. Although ABC will Continuing education statements are also
acknowledge content outside of their scope of available online at abcop.org.
practice, individuals are required to earn the
majority of their continuing education credits on
content specifically related to their ABC
Annual Renewal Fees
certification. Certified practitioners must remit annual renewal
fees to maintain good standing with ABC. Annual
Single Discipline Orthotist or Prosthetist—
renewal notices are mailed in mid-September and
CO or CP
must be paid by december 1. upon certification,
¢ A total of 75 credits must be earned during the newly certified practitioners will receive a prorated
5-year cycle. invoice for that year’s certification fees.
¢ A minimum of 50 credits must be Category I Subsequent renewal notices will be sent
Scientific. automatically.

20 American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics & Pedorthics, Inc.

Appendix I
Certified Orthotist and domain 2: Formulation of the
Prosthetist Treatment Plan
Domain, Tasks, Knowledge Tasks:
and Skills ¢ evaluate the findings to determine an
orthotic/prosthetic treatment plan
domain 1: Patient Assessment ¢ Formulate treatment goals and expected
Tasks: orthotic/prosthetic outcomes to reduce pain,
¢ Review patient’s prescription/referral increase comfort, provide stability, prevent
deformity, address aesthetic factors and promote
¢ Take a comprehensive patient history, including healing to enhance function and independence
demographic characteristics, family dynamics,
previous use of an orthosis/prosthesis, diagnosis, ¢ Consult with physician, referral source or
work history, avocational activities, signs and appropriately licensed healthcare provider to modify,
symptoms, medical history (including allergies to if necessary, the original prescription and/or
materials, current medications), reimbursement treatment plan
status, patient expectations, patient compliance with ¢ Identify design, materials and components to
ancillary care and results of diagnostic evaluations support treatment plan
¢ Perform a diagnosis-specific functional clinical ¢ develop a treatment plan based on patient
and cognitive ability examination that includes needs, including patient education and follow-up
manual muscle testing, gait analysis and evaluation
¢ Communicate to patient and caregiver about the
of sensory function, range of motion, joint stability
recommended treatment plan and any optional
and skin integrity
plans, including disclosure of potential risks and
¢ Consult with other healthcare providers and benefits in orthotic/prosthetic care
caregivers, when appropriate, about patient’s
¢ document treatment plan using established
condition in order to formulate a treatment plan
record-keeping techniques
¢ Verify patient care by documenting history,
¢ ensure patient or responsible parties are
ongoing care and follow-up using established
informed of their financial responsibilities (for
record-keeping techniques
example, insurance verification and authorization,
¢ Refer patient, if appropriate, to other healthcare deductibles, co-pays) as they pertain to proposed
providers for intervention beyond treatment plan
orthotic/prosthetic scope of practice

ABC Certified Practitioner Book of Rules & Candidate Guide 21

 domain 3: Implementation of the ¢ Fabricate or assemble orthosis/prosthesis in
order to prepare for initial or diagnostic fitting and
Treatment Plan delivery
Tasks:
¢ Assess device for structural safety and ensure
¢ Inform patient, family and caregiver of the manufacturers’ guidelines have been followed prior
orthotic/prosthetic procedure, possible risks and to patient fitting and delivery (e.g., torque values,
time involved in the procedure patient weight limits)
¢ Provide patient with preparatory care for ¢ Assess and align orthosis/prosthesis for
orthotic/prosthetic treatment (e.g., diagnostic splint, accuracy in sagittal, transverse and coronal planes in
compression garment) order to provide maximum function and comfort
¢ Select appropriate materials and techniques in ¢ ensure materials, design and components are
order to obtain a patient model and image provided as specified in the treatment plan
¢ Prepare patient for procedure required to ¢ Complete fabrication process after achieving
initiate treatment plan (e.g., measure, take optimal fit and function of orthosis/ prosthesis (e.g.,
impression, delineate, scan, digitize) convert test socket to definitive orthosis/prosthesis)
¢ Perform procedure (e.g., measure, take ¢ educate patient and caregiver about the use and
impression, delineate, scan, digitize) maintenance of the orthosis/prosthesis (e.g.,
¢ Refer to manufacturer’s specifications and other wearing schedules, other instructions)
technical resources regarding components and ¢ Reassess orthosis/prosthesis for structural safety
materials prior to patient delivery
¢ Select appropriate materials and components for ¢ document treatment using established record-
orthosis/prosthesis based on patient criteria to keeping techniques to verify implementation of
ensure optimum strength, durability and function treatment plan
(e.g., ankle or knee joints, feet, knee units,
¢ Refer patient to appropriate healthcare providers
lamination layups)
(e.g., nurse practitioners, therapists) for necessary
¢ Prepare delineation, impression and template for ancillary care
modification and fabrication (e.g., prepare
impression or reverse delineation, digitize)
¢ Rectify and prepare patient model and image for
fabrication

22 American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics & Pedorthics, Inc.

domain 4: Follow-up Treatment ¢ Assess modified device for structural safety

Plan ¢ evaluate results of modifications to

orthosis/prosthesis, including static and dynamic
Tasks:
assessment
¢ Obtain feedback from patient and caregiver to
¢ Reassess patient knowledge of goals and
evaluate outcome (e.g., wear schedule and tolerance,
objectives to ensure proper use of orthosis/
comfort, perceived benefits, perceived detriments,
prosthesis relative to modifications
ability to don and doff, proper usage and function,
overall patient satisfaction) ¢ document all findings and actions and
communicate with physicians, referral sources and
¢ Assess patient’s function and note any changes
appropriately licensed healthcare providers to
¢ Assess patient’s skin condition (e.g., integrity, ensure patient status is updated
color, temperature, volume) and note any changes
¢ develop long-term follow-up plan
¢ Assess patient’s general health, height and
weight and note any changes domain 5: Practice Management
¢ Assess patient’s psychosocial status (e.g., family Tasks:
status, job or caregiver) and note any changes
¢ Plan, implement, evaluate and document
¢ Assess fit of orthosis/prosthesis with regard to policies and procedures in compliance with all
strategic contact (e.g., multiple force systems, total applicable federal and state laws and regulations and
contact) to determine need for changes relative to professional and ethical guidelines (e.g., CMS,
initial treatment goals HIPAA, FdA, AdA, OSHA, ABC Code of
¢ Assess fit of orthosis/prosthesis with regard to Professional Responsibility)
anatomical relationships to orthosis/ prosthesis ¢ develop and implement personnel policies and
(e.g., trimlines, static and dynamic alignments) to procedures (e.g., benefits, training, incentives, staff
determine need for changes relative to initial recognition, regular performance evaluations)
treatment goals
¢ establish procedures for patient care that
¢ Assess patient’s achievement of planned comply with current medical and legal requirements
treatment outcomes
¢ demonstrate proper documentation of patient
¢ Formulate plan to modify orthosis/prosthesis history and financial records using established
based on assessment of outcomes and inform record-taking techniques
patient and caregiver of plan to modify
¢ Create a professional, cooperative working
orthosis/prosthesis as necessary
environment to improve patient care
¢ Make or supervise modifications to
orthosis/prosthesis (e.g., relieve pressure, change
range of motion, change alignment, change
components, add pressure-sensitive pad)

ABC Certified Practitioner Book of Rules & Candidate Guide 23

 domain 6: Promotion of
Competency and enhancement of
Professional Practice
Tasks:
¢ Participate in continuing education and provide
such education for other healthcare providers,
orthotic and prosthetic practitioners, pedorthists,
assistants, fitters, technicians and office staff (e.g.,
publications, seminars, case studies)
¢ Participate in education of residents, students
and trainees
¢ Conduct or participate in product development
research, clinical trials and outcome studies
¢ Participate in the development, implementation
and monitoring of public policy regarding
orthotics/prosthetics (e.g., provide testimony and
information to legislative and regulatory bodies,
serve on professional committees and regulatory
agencies)
¢ Participate in consumer organizations and
nongovernmental organizations in order to promote
competency and enhancement of
orthotic/prosthetic profession

24 American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics & Pedorthics, Inc.

Knowledge Statements ¢ ethical standards regarding proper patient
management, including ABC Code of Professional
The certified practitioner should Responsibility
demonstrate the following knowledge:
¢ Scope of practice related to orthotic/prosthetic
¢ Musculoskeletal anatomy, including upper limb,
credentials
lower limb, spinal
¢ Boundaries of the scope of practice (i.e., when to
¢ neuroanatomy and neurophysiology
refer a patient to other healthcare providers and
¢ Anatomical landmarks (surface anatomy) caregivers)
¢ Kinesiology, including upper limb, lower limb, ¢ Orthotic/prosthetic design
spinal
¢ Orthotic/prosthetic fitting criteria
¢ normal human locomotion
¢ Clinical examination techniques, (e.g., range of
¢ Gait training motion [ROM]), manual muscle tests, sensation,
¢ Pathological gait proprioception)

¢ Tissue characteristics/management ¢ Impression-taking techniques, materials, devices

and equipment
¢ Volumetric control
¢ Rectification/modification procedures as they
¢ Planes of motion relate to specific orthotic/prosthetic designs
¢ Biomechanics ¢ Measurement tools and techniques
¢ Pathologies (e.g., muscular, neurologic, skeletal, ¢ Orthotic/prosthetic forms (e.g., assessment,
vascular) orthometry, measurement, evaluation, outcomes)
¢ Basic pharmacology ¢ Materials science
¢ Medical terminology ¢ Componentry
¢ Referral documents ¢ Alignment devices and techniques
¢ Procedures to record data ¢ Hand and power tools
¢ Policies and procedures regarding privileged ¢ Mechanics (e.g., levers and force systems)
information
¢ Care and maintenance of orthoses/prostheses
¢ Roles and responsibilities associated with other
healthcare professions ¢ Computer-aided design and manufacturing
(CAd/CAM)
¢ Reimbursement protocols (e.g., CMS,
dMeRC) ¢ Item warranty and warranty limitations

¢ Material safety procedures and standards (e.g., ¢ Loss control (e.g., risk management, inventory
OSHA, MSdS) control)

¢ universal precautions, including sterile ¢ Research methodology and literature

techniques and infection control

ABC Certified Practitioner Book of Rules & Candidate Guide 25

 ¢ Human development and aging, ranging from ¢ Managing patients relative to their diagnosis or
pediatric to geriatric, as they relate to condition
orthotic/prosthetic treatment
¢ Impression-taking/ measuring for
¢ e psychology of the disabled orthoses/prostheses
¢ Patient educational materials ¢ using mechanical measuring devices
¢ Federal and state rules, regulations and ¢ using electrical measuring devices
guidelines (e.g., FdA, AdA, HIPAA)
¢ using computer-based measuring devices
¢ ABC Facility Accreditation Standards
¢ Patient delineation rectification and/or patient
¢ nCOPe Residency Standards model modification
¢ Orthotic/prosthetic fabrication
Skill Statements
¢ use of safety equipment
The certified practitioner should
demonstrate the following skills: ¢ use of hand and power tools
¢ Interpreting referral documents, (e.g., ¢ use of materials and components
prescriptions, orders) ¢ use of alignment devices
¢ Interpreting radiological images ¢ Aesthetic finishing
¢ Communicating with patient/family/caregiver ¢ evaluating fit and function of an
¢ Communicating with referral sources and orthosis/prosthesis
appropriately licensed healthcare providers ¢ Adjusting and modifying orthoses/prostheses
¢ Performing physical examinations ¢ Maintaining and repairing orthoses/prostheses
¢ Identifying gross surface anatomy ¢ Restoring optimal fit and function of
¢ Interpretation of physical findings (e.g., orthoses/prostheses
recognizing skin pressures, dermatological ¢ Solving patient’s problems related to AdLs
conditions)
¢ documentation
¢ Analysis of normal and pathological
gait/motion
¢ Analysis of orthotic/prosthetic gait/motion

26 American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics & Pedorthics, Inc.

Appendix II
Sample Orthotic Written 5. Which of the following orthoses is designed to
manage spondylolisthesis in an active teenager?
Examination A. LSO (Corset)
Following are sample questions that are similar to B. LSO (Knight)
those you will find on the orthotic written C. Jewitt
examination.
D. LSO (Anterior Overlap)
1. The muscle that has the PRIMARY responsibility
6. The trim lines of a ground reaction ankle foot
of rotating the thumb to touch the tips of the
orthosis should be anterior to the malleoli to serve
index and middle fingers is the:
as a:
A. Opponens pollicis
A. Dorsiflexion assist
B. Flexor pollicis longus
B. Plantarflexion assist
C. Abductor pollicis brevis
C. Dorsiflexion stop
D. Extensor pollicis longus
D. Plantarflexion stop
2. What is the MOST important factor in
7. The orthotic recommendation for treating a
decreasing the vertical loading of the lumbar
patient with an ulnar nerve lesion at the wrist is an
spine?
opponens orthosis plus what component?
A. Application of a three-point pressure system
A. IP extension assist
for vertical stabilizationA.
B. Thumb post
B. Enhancement of the abdominal
hydropneumatic mechanism C. MP stop
C. Strengthening of the gluteal and abdominal D. Opponens bar
musculature
8. When treating a patient with a knee flexion
D. Immobilization of the thoracolumbar spine contracture, what is the MOST appropriate knee
3. In which of the following conditions is a joint to use when designing a KAFO?
Milwaukee CTLSO contraindicated? A. Dial lock joint
A. Skeletal immaturity B. Polycentric joint
B. Idiopathic scoliosis C. Extension stop knee joint
C. Thoracolumbar curves D. Bail lock joint
D. Curves greater than 60 degrees 9. Facilities material safety data sheets should be:
4. The measurement for a TLSO (anterior A. Read by all staff that uses the materials.
hypertension orthosis) should be taken with the B. Stored safely in the manufacturing business
patient in what position? office.
A. Standing erect C. Filed with the Food and Drug
B. Sitting erect Administration.
C. Lying prone D. Sent to the HCFA office in your region.
D. Lying supine

ABC Certified Practitioner Book of Rules & Candidate Guide 27

 10. A patient who has relocated to your area
comes in with a device fabricated at another
orthotics and prosthetics facility. The patient is in
your office because of discomfort and
dissatisfaction with the overall fit. Upon evaluation
you notice some minor fitting problems, but the
main problem is that the assembly of the device is
structurally unsound.

What should you do?

A. Tell the patient that his device is no good,
nor is his practitioner.
B. Tell the patient to go back to where the
device was fabricated.
C. Offer to provide immediate structural repair and
consult with the patient’s physician to schedule
for a replacement.
D. Discuss the fitting problems, but do nothing
until the patient can pay for a new device.

Orthotic Answer Key:

1. A

2. B

3. D

4. D

5. D

6. C

7. C

8. A

9. A

10. C

28 American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics & Pedorthics, Inc.

Appendix III
Sample Prosthetic Written 5. Venous return of the blood to the heart is
assisted by the:
Examination A. Action of the skeletal muscles.
Following are sample questions that are similar to B. Positive pressure in the heart.
those you will find on the prosthetic written C. Independent contraction of the arterial walls.
examination. D. Arterial blood pressure.
1. Which of the following muscles would be MOST 6. A unilateral transradial prosthetic patient
suitable for myoelectric control of the 1. elbow complains that the axilla loop of his harness is
joint by a shoulder disarticulation amputee? uncomfortable. The most common reason for this
A. Rhomboid major and sternocliedomastoid complaint is that the cross point is:
B. Rhomboid major and subscapularis A. Too close to the amputated side.
C. Pectoralis major and trapezius B. Too close to the sound side.
D. Pectoralis major and corachobrachialis C. Superior to C7.
4. When the counter of the shoe fits too tightly on D. Inferior to C7.
a SACH foot, which of the following problems can 7. A transtibial amputee has an anatomical A-P
result? measurement of 95 mm (3-3/4). What is the correct
A. Posterior lean of pylon A-P measurement of the positive model for a PTB
B. Less compression of the heel hard socket?
C. Decrease in push-off resistance A. 95 mm (3-3/4)
D. Decrease in external rotation of the foot B. 97 mm (3-7/8)
C. 101 mm (4)
3. A 23-year-old, wrist disarticulation amputee
intends to return to work as a carpenter. Which D. 103 mm (4-1/8)
terminal device will offer the largest range of tool 8. Records do not fulfill all of their purposes
handling capabilities? unless they:
A. Dorrance 555 A. Include a comprehensive medical history.
B. Dorrance 7 B. Are detailed and include a description of all
C. Dorrance 88X symptoms and treatment.
D. Dorrance 12P C. Can be used for legal purposes.

4. The anterior trim line of the Symes prosthesis D. Are maintained and up-to-date
usually extends to the level of the patellar tendon
in order to:
A. Provide a long lever arm to distribute force.
B. Achieve better suspension.
C. Decrease compression loads on the
prosthesis.
D. Improve cosmetic appearance.

ABC Certified Practitioner Book of Rules & Candidate Guide 29

 9. A 75-year-old, quadruple-bypass, obese patient
who is also a transfemoral amputee comes to you
with a prescription for a suction socket with
hydraulic knee unit and a dynamic response
vertical shock pylon type prosthetic foot. You
should:
A. Call the physician and suggest an alternate
prescription.
B. Provide the prosthesis as ordered by the
referring physician.
C. Tell the patient to schedule an appointment
at an amputee clinic.
D. Refer patient to another practitioner for a
second opinion.

10. What is the best course of action when a long-

time patient asks to be referred to another
practitioner?
A. Offer your services for free.
B. Provide him with a list of certified practitioners.
C. Telephone his doctor and complain.
D. Refer to a psychiatric practitioner.

Prosthetic Answer Key:

1. C

2. B

3. B

4. A

5. A

6. B

7. C

8. D

9. A

10. B

30 American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics & Pedorthics, Inc.

Appendix IV
Examination Question Orthotics, Prosthetics and Pedorthics Scope of Practice.
American Board for Certification in Orthotics,
References and Prosthetics & Pedorthics, Inc., 2010.
Recommended Reading List Perry, Jacquelin. Gait Analysis: Normal and
Examination development involves the use of many Pathological Function. Slack Incorporated, 1992.
references and resources including, but not limited to: Rasch, Philip. Kinesiology and Applied Anatomy. 7th
sub-edition. Lea and Frebiger, 1993.
Orthotics and Prosthetics Selected Readings from the Journal of Prosthetics and
American Medical Association. American Medical Orthotics. edited by C. Michael Schuch. American
Association Handbook of First Aid and Emergency Academy of Orthotists and Prosthetists, 1995.
Care. Random House Reference, 2009.
Seymour, Ron. Prosthetics and Orthotics: Lower
Biomechanical Principals and Application. American Limb and Spine. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,
Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Mosby, 1985. 2002.
dorland. Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary. Sieg, Kay, and Sandra P. Adams. Illustrated Essentials
31st edition. Saunders, 2007. of Musculoskeletal Anatomy. 4th edition. Megabooks,
e Code of Professional Responsibility. American Inc., 2002.
Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics & Strandring, Susan. Gray’s Anatomy: e Anatomical
Pedorthics, Inc., 2010. Basis of Clinical Practice. 39th edition. Churchill
Hislop, Helen, and Jacqueline Montgomery. Daniels Livingstone, 2004.
and Worthingham’s Muscle Testing: Techniques of Warfel, John. e Extremities: Muscles and Motor
Manual Examination. 8th edition. Saunders, 2007. Points., 6th sub-edition. Lippincott Williams &
Human Walking. 3rd edition. edited by Jessica Rose Wilkins, 1993.
and James G. Gamble. Lippincott Williams & Warfel, John. e Head, Neck, and Trunk. 6th sub-
Wilkins, 2005. edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1993.
Inman, Verne T, Henry J. Ralston, and Frank Todd.
Human Walking. Williams and Wilkins Co., 1981. Prosthetics
Kendall, Florence, Patricia Provance, and elizabeth Atkins, diane J. and Robert H. Meier III.
McCreary. Muscles, Testing and Function. Lippincott Comprehensive Management of the Upper-Limb
Williams & Wilkins, 1999. Amputee. Springer-Verlag, 1989.
Lunsford, omas R. Strength of Materials in Atlas of Amputations and Limb Deficiencies. 3rd
Orthotic and Prosthetic Design. American Academy edition. edited by douglas Smith, John Michael,
of Orthotists and Prosthetists, 1996. John Bowker. American Academy of Orthopaedic
Surgeons, 2004.
Lusardi, Michelle, and Caroline nielsen. Orthotics
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32 American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics & Pedorthics, Inc.

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