6 Eq
6 Eq
6 Eq
(i) State, with explanation, the effect of each of the following changes, on the position of the
equilibrium.
(I) increasing the total pressre
(II) increasing the temperature
(ii) Briefly describe how sulphur trioxide is converted to sulphuric(VI) acid in this process.
(5 marks)
<<< eq/AL99P2_4a>>
4. (a) In the Haber process, ammonia is synthesized by the exothermic reaction of nitrogen and
hydrogen at around 723 K.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
In a simulation of the process, a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen was placed in a closed
container. The initial concentration of nitrogen and hydrogen were 0.50 mol dm -3and
1.50 mol dm-3 respectively. When the equilibrium was attained at 723 K, 25.0% of the
original nitrogen was consumed.
(i) Calculate the respective concentrations of nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia in the
equilibrium mixture.
(ii) Calculate Kc for the reaction at 723 K.
(iii) (I) State, with explanation, the effect of temperature on Kc for the reaction.
(II) Explain why the Haber process is not operated at temperatures much higher or
much lower than 723 K
(8 marks)
<<< eq/AL00P1_2c>>
2. (c) Cerium(III) iodate(V), Ce(IO3)3, is a sparingly soluble ionic compound.
(i) Explain why in a solution saturated with cerium(III) iodate(V), the ionic product, [Ce3+
(aq)][IO3-(aq)]3 is a constant at a given temperature.
(ii) At 298 K, the solubility of cerium(III) iodate(V) in water is 1.87× 10-3 mol dm-3. For a
saturated solution of cerium(III) iodate(V), calculate the ionic product [Ce3+(aq)][IO3-
(aq)]3 at 298 K.
(4 marks)
<<< eq/AL01P1_3a>>
3. (a) In an enclosed reaction vessel at 1100 K and in the presence of a catalyst, an initial 1:1 mole
ratio mixture of SO2(g) and O2(g) was allowed to attain equilibrium:
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)
(i) At 1100 K, Kp of the reaction is 0.13 atm-1. Calculate the total pressre of the reaction
mixture if the conversion of SO2(g) to SO3(g) is 20%.
(ii) At 700 K and under the same total pressure, Kp of the reaction is 3.0x104 atm-1. Calculate
the enthalpy change for the conversion of SO2(g) to SO3(g).
∆H
(You may assume that ln Kp = contstant - .)
RT
(iii) State, with explanation, the effect of each of the following changes on the position of the
above equilibrium.
(I) Reducing the volume of the reaction vessel.
(II) Injecting helium gas while keeping the volume of the reaction vessel unchanged.
(7 marks)
<<<Eq/AL02P1_2a>>
2. (a) A closed sytem consisting of a mixture of N2O4(g) and NO2(g) is allowed to attain
equilibrium at 350 K and 700 kPa. The mixture hs a light brown colour.
N2O4(g) NO2(g)
pale yellow brown
(i) The mixture is known to contain 46 mol % of N2O4(g). Calculate Kp for the
dissociation of N2O4(g) at 350 K and 700 kPa.
(ii) Describe the colour change of the mixture when its temperature is increased under the
same pressure. Explain your answer.
(4 marks)
<<< eq/AL02P2_3c>>
3. (c) At 298 K, the equilibrium constant, Kc, for reactions (1) and (2) below are 1.8× 107 mol-2
dm6 and 2.0× 10-10 mol-2 dm-6 respectively.
Ag+(aq) + 2NH3(aq) Ag(NH3)2+(aq) (1)
+ -
AgCl(s) Ag (aq) + Cl (aq) (2)
(i) For each of the reactions (1) and (2), write an expression for its Kc.
(ii) Calculate the Kc at 298 K for the following reaction:
AgCl(s) + 2NH3(aq) Ag(NH3)2+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
(iii) Using your result in (ii), calculate the solubility, in mol dm-3, of AgCl(s) in 0.10 M
NH3(aq) at 298 K.
(7 marks)