Energetic Zinc Ion Chemistry
Energetic Zinc Ion Chemistry
Energetic Zinc Ion Chemistry
Chemie
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201106307
Batteries
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 933 –935 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 933
.
Angewandte
Communications
Based on the unique zinc ion chemistry [Eqs. (1) and (2)],
we assembled the integral and practical prototype ZIBs (see
the Experimental Section). It should be noticed that the
structure of the ZIB is very close to that of the widely used
alkaline Zn/MnO2 battery, which normally uses g-MnO2 or d-
MnO2 as the cathode and the alkaline solutions (KOH or
NaOH) as the electrolyte. However, their battery chemistries
are quite different. The battery chemistry of the ZIB is based
on Equation (1) as the anode reaction and Equation (2) as the
cathode reaction. Against that, the so-called two-step (two-
electron) pathways governs the battery chemistry in Zn/
MnO2 batteries.[1, 7, 8] The first electron discharge of the
alkaline Zn/MnO2 cell could be expressed by Equations (3)
and (4) .
934 www.angewandte.org 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 933 –935
Angewandte
Chemie
Experimental Section
We assembled standard and practical coin cells and soft-packed cells
to characterize the electrochemical performance of zinc ion batteries.
Detailed information about the synthesis process of MnO2 and
assembly of batteries are given in the Supporting Information. The
galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling tests of ZIBs were performed
in a voltage window ranging from 1.0 to 1.9 V. The discharge capacity
of the cell was calculated according to Equation (8) for the third cycle,
where C is the specific capacity (mAh g1), I is the applied current
(mA), t is discharge time (h), and m is the mass of the active material
(g).
C ¼ I t=m ð8Þ
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 933 –935 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim www.angewandte.org 935