ROAD TRANSPORT YEAR BOOK

2016-17

lR;eso t;rs
MkΠlatho jatu] vkbZ-,-,l- lM+d ifjogu vkSj jktekxZ ea=ky;
lfpo Ministry of Road Transport & Highways
Dr. SANJEEV RANJAN, I.A.S.
Hkkjr ljdkj @ Government of India
Secretary

FOREWORD

The RTYB is an annual publication of the Ministry which bring out the trends in the growth of the
registered Motor Vehicle sector, its composition, emerging patterns etc. with a view to providing
guidance to policy formulation in the sector. The current publication i.e. RTYB 2016- 17 is based on
data supplied by all the State Transport Departments in the country for the period 1.4.2016 to
31.3.2017.

The RTYB 2016-17 though slightly dated provides information in respect of the Registered Motor
Vehicle segment by providing additional information in respect of production, sale, exports of motor
vehicles, motor vehicle taxation structure and revenue realized from road transport by Centre and
States.

Several changes have been taking place in the Road Transport segment with the introduction of GST,
E-way bills. E-tolling, creation of Vahan and Sarathi, operations by aggregators in the Indian Market
and the Motor Vehicle (Amendment) Act 2019.

It is hoped that this publication will be useful to administrators, policy makers and academicians and
the industry in the changing environment. I gratefully acknowledge the cooperation extended to TRW
by the States, RBI, CSO, DGCI & S and SIAM. Contribution of the officers and staff of the Transport
Research Wing involved in bringing out this publication is recognised and deeply appreciated.

New Delhi
September 23, 2019

Room No. 509, Transport Bhawan, 1 Parliament Street, New Delhi-110 001, India Tel.: 91-11-23714104, Fax : 91-11-23356669
E-mail: [email protected] Web : http://www.morth.nic.in
 Hkkjr ljdkj
Government of India
lM+d ifjogu ,oa jktekxZ ea=ky;
Ministry of Road Transport & Highways
ifjogu vuqla/kku foHkkx
(Transport Research Wing)
BABNI LAL
Economic Adviser (TRW) vkbZ-Mh-,- fcfYMax] tkeuxj gkÅl
Tel.: (O) 011-23384160
E-mail : [email protected] 'kkgtgk¡ jksM] ubZ fnYyh & 110 011
I.D.A., Building, Jamnagar, House,
Shahjahan Road, New Delhi-110 011

PREFACE

The Road Transport Year Book is an annual publication of Transport Research Wing of the Ministry of
Road Transport & Highways. The present issue collates data on registered motor vehicles furnished by
the States and UTs for the financial year 2016-17 and brings out both cumulative and incremental data
for different categories of vehicles.

The document this year has been recast to include substantial “upgradations” over the previous
versions. The whole document has been rationalized especially Chapter l “an overview of the Road
Transport Sector” which now positions the Transport sector in terms of its contribution to GDP,
Employment, Export and passenger and freight traffic. Further, Chapter 6 on “Road Transport and
Motor Vehicle Taxation” has been completely revamped and besides providing an estimate of the
contribution made by the sector in terms of taxes at the Centre and State level, also provides an
additional section on tax structure on automobiles, pre GST and post GST. The recent initiatives taken
by the MORTH in the field of transport including strengthening of transport systems through financing
of latest technologies like GPS, intermodal fare integration etc, cooperation with “Transport for
London” for improved mobility, agreement with World Bank for improved efficiency of SRTUs, Taxi
Policy guidelines, introduction of Vahan and Sarathi, introduction of several green initiatives,
Electronic toll collection through RFIT, formulation of policy for scrapping of old Vehicles have been
summarized in Chapter 7 which has also been introduced for the first time in the document. The present
publication also provides the State-wise and Million plus city wise spread of motor vehicles and
positions India internationally in terms of vehicle penetration ratios.

The total number of registered motor vehicles (Transport and Non-Transport) increased to 253 million
in 2016-17 recording a CAGR of 10.11 percent, outpacing the CAGR of National Highways of 5.54%
in the last ten years. While the category of “Transport” vehicles, account for 8.9 per cent of total
registered vehicles, Non Transport Vehicles account for the balance 91.1%. Two- wheelers, account for
the largest segment of registered vehicles of (73.86%) and is reflective of a preference for personalized
means of transport. International comparison reveals that while developed countries tend to have a
higher car penetration ratio, developing countries tend to have higher two- wheelers penetration.

The data given in this report is based on information sourced from the State /UT Transport
Departments, Budget Documents, DGCI & S, NSSO at the Centre, State Finances Report of the RBI,
SIAM etc. I am grateful to the concerned authorities for furnishing the requisite data/information to
TRW in support of our efforts to bring out this publication. The contribution of officers and staff of the
Transport Research Wing deserve a special mention and has been most noteworthy.

We look forward to receiving comments/suggestions from the users of this publication for improving
this document further.

New Delhi, 17th September, 2019 (Babni Lal)

Sl. No. Sections Page No.

1 Executive Summary 1-3

2 Section - 1 An Overview of Road Transport Sector 4-9

3 Section - 2 Registered Motor Vehicles in India 10-14

4 Section - 3 State-wise Distribution of Registered Motor 15-17

Population in India

5 Section - 4 Registered Motor Vehicle in Million-Plus cities 18-19

6 Section - 5 International Comparison of Vehicular Penetration 20-21

7 Section - 6 Road Transport and Motor Vehicle Taxation in India 22-28

8 Section - 7 Road Transport Sector Initiatives 29-32

(i)
 LIST OF CHARTS

Sl. No. Charts Page No.

2.1 Total number of Registered Motor Vehicles (in million) 1951-2017 10

2.2 Trend in the share of Vehicular composition from 1951 to 2017 12

3.1 Registered Motor Vehicles (in thousands), as on 31st March, 2017 15

3.2 State/UT wise Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of

Registered Motor Vehicles during 2007-17 16

4.1 Registered Motor Vehicles in Million Plus Cities as on 31st March,

2017 18

6.1 Trends of Tax Revenue Collected by Central Government from

Road Transport Sector in India 2009-10 to 2016-17 24

Revenue collected by State Government from Road Transport

6.2 Sector during 2009-10 to 2016-17 25

Composition of Tax Revenue (% of total) collected by State

6.3 25
Governments from Road Transport Sector during 2016-17

(ii)
 LIST OF TABLES

Tables

Percentage Share of Different Modes of Transport in Gross Value

1.1 Added (GVA) at (base year 2011-12) from 2012-13 to 2016-17 4

1.2 Employment in the Transport Sector through Manufacture of Motor

5
Vehicles and other equipment (NIC group 29 & 30)

1.3 Trade of Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling stock and 7
parts and accessories thereof – HS 87.

1.4 Top 5 products exported under chapter 87 8

1.5 Top 5 products imported under chapter 87 8

2.1 India- Composition of Vehicle Population 11

Compound Annual Growth Rates (in %) in Vehicles and Road

2.2 13
Length

Million Plus Cities recording High Growth Rates of Registered

4.1 19
Motor Vehicles during 2007-17

5.1 Strength and penetration of different types of Vehicles across select 20

Countries

6.1 Revenue realised from Road Transport (Centre): 2009-10 to 2016-17 23

6.2 Tax structure for the automobile industry Pre and Post GST 27

(iii)
 LIST OF ANNEXURES

Vehicular Population per 1,000 Population and per 100 kms of

1.1 National Highway’s Road Length : 2001-2017 33

1.2 Production of Motor Vehicles in India: 2007-08 to 2017-18 34

Sales of Motor Vehicles in India (Including Exports): 2007-08 to
1.3 35
2017-18

1.4 Exports of Motor Vehicles by India : 2007-08 to 2017-18 36

Number of Buses Owned by the Public and Private Sectors in India:
1.5 1961-2017 37

Freight and Passenger Movement by Road Transport:1999-2000 to 38

1.6 2016-17
Number of Valid Drivers' Licences Issued as on 31.3.2017 39
1.7
(cumulative)
Number of Drivers' Licences Issued during the Year 2016-17
1.8 (incremental) 40

Number of Conductors' Licences Issued as on 31.3.2017 and during 41

1.9 2016-17

2.1 Total Number of Registered Motor Vehicles in India: 1951-2017 42-43

Number of Newly Registered and Total Registered Motor Vehicles 44
2.2
(Category-wise) 2016-17
Number of Commercial Vehicles in Use (detailed Category-wise) as
2.3 per Primary Permit valid as on 31.3.2017 (consolidated for all 45
States/UT's)
State/UT-wise Total Registered Motor Vehicles and their Percentage
3.1 46
share as on 31.3.2017
3.2 Total Registered Motor Vehicles in India 2007-2017 (State/UT-Wise) 47
State/UT-wise and category-wise number of Registered Motor
3.3a Vehicles during 2016-17 & till 31.3.2017 48

State/UT-wise and category-wise number of Newly Registered

3.3b 49
(Transport) Motor Vehicles during 2016-17
State/UT-wise and category-wise number of Newly Registered (Non-
3.3c Transport) Motor Vehicles during 2016-17 50

(iv)
3.3d State/UT-wise and category-wise number of Total Registered (Transport)
51
Motor Vehicles as on 31.3.2017
State/UT-wise and category-wise number of Total Registered (Non
3.3e 52
Transport) Motor Vehicles as on 31.3.2017
Total Bus Fleet and Buses in Public Sector (SRTUs) (State-wise) (As on
3.4 31st March, 2013-2017) 53

Number of commercial Vehicles in Use (State-wise)) as per primary

3.5 permit valid as on 31.3.2017 54

Number of commercial Vehicles in Use (detailed category-wise/ State-

3.6 wise) as per primary permit valid as on 31st March 2017 55

Total Registered Motor Vehicles (Transport and Non-Transport) in

4.1 56
Million Plus Cities of India as on 31st March 2017
Total Registered Motor Vehicles (Transport) in Million Plus Cities of
4.2 57
India as on 31.03.2017
Total Registered Motor Vehicles (Non Transport) in Million Plus Cities
4.2 58
of India as on 31.03.2017
Total Registered Motor Vehicles in Million Plus Cities of India (As on 59
4.3 31st March, 2006- 2017)

5.1 Revenue Realised from Road Transport (Centre): 2009-10 to 2016-17 60

5.2 Revenue Realised from Road Transport (States): for 1950-51 to 2016-17 61
Revenue from Taxes on Motor Vehicle and Passenger & Goods and
5.3 Percentage Share of States/UTs 62

Comparison of fee received in National Permit Account by States / UTs

5.4 during 2009-10 to 2016-17 63

5.5 State/UT-wise Rates of Motor Vehicle Taxes 64-100

Glossary of Important terms 101-103

(v)
v Road transport plays a vital role in the economic development of a nation and is the prime
mode of transport in India. It facilitates the movement of goods and passengers and promotes
balanced socio-economic development across various regions of the country. It also plays an
important role in socio-economic integration and development of the country. Road
Transport is most significant in its share of passenger and freight transportation in
comparison with other modes of transport primarily because of easy access, reliability and
potential for extension of services to the remotest corners of the country.

v Transport sector accounted for 4.85 percent of the country's GVA (Gross value addition) in
2016-17 with road transport accounting for 3.12 per cent of the GVA, Railways accounting
for 0.77 percent and Air Transport accounting for 0.16 percent.

v Road Transport is also a significant employer. The production of Motor Vehicles and parts
component of Road Transport accounts for employment of 1.3 million i.e 8.7% of the
Industrial Employment as per NSSO in 2016-17 and is ranked third in terms of employment
offered, after Textiles and Apparel (18.1%) and Food processing (11.4%). Road transport
(service component) provides direct employment in the form of drivers and conductors
/cleaners, booking agents, loading and unloading operations, wayside facilities, etc. The
total cumulative number of valid driver licenses issued until 2016-17 were 183.3 million and
incremental valid driver licenses issued during 2016-17 were 15.4 million. The total number
of cumulative valid conductor licenses issued till 2016-17 were 4.1 million and the
incremental valid conductor licenses issued during 2016-17 were 0.1 million.

v Sustained economic development and expansion of road network have led to rapid increase
in the number of motorized vehicles in India. The total number of registered motor vehicles
(Transport and Non Transport) increased to 253 million in 2017; recording a CAGR of 10.1
%, outpacing the CAGR of national highways of 5.54% in the last 10 years.

v The number of registered “Transport” vehicles, both goods and passengers, as on 31st March
2017 were 22.539 million accounting for 8.9 per cent of total registered vehicles with Non
Transport Vehicles accounting for the balance 91.1 %. Amongst the Transport Vehicles,
LMV (Goods) account for a share of 30.6%, LMV (Passengers) account for a share of
25.1%, Trucks account for a share of about 19.3%, Taxis account for a share of 12% & Buses
account for a share of 5.9%. Amongst the Non transport Vehicles, Two Wheelers account for
about 81% and Cars account for about 12.43%.

v Two-wheelers, which account for the largest segment of both registered vehicles (Transport
and Non Transport) of 73.86% as well as of Non Transport of 81% in 2017 have grown at the
fastest rate with a CAGR of 10.47% in the last 10 years followed by Cars which have grown
@ 10.29%. This trend in vehicular composition can be said to be reflective of a preference
for personalized means of transport.

1
v Out of the total 253 million registered motor vehicles up to 31st March, 2017 in India, the
State of Maharashtra accounted for the largest share (11.93%) followed by Uttar Pradesh
(10.37%), Tamil Nadu (10.31%), Gujarat (8.70%) and Karnataka (7.06%). These five States
together accounted for 48.37 per cent of the total vehicles registered in the country.

v The 42 reporting Million-Plus cities have reported 72.82 million registered motor vehicles
up to 31st March, 2017, which accounts for 28.75 per cent of total registered vehicles in
India. Delhi (102.6 lakh) recorded the highest number of registered motor vehicles, followed
by Bengaluru (68.33 lakh), Chennai (52.99 lakh), Ahmedabad (39.04 lakh), Greater
Mumbai (30.53 lakh) and Surat (28.87 lakh). These six cities accounted for 44.27 per cent of
the total registered vehicles in respect of the reported million-plus cities. Surat reported the
fastest growth in Registered Motor Vehicles in the last 10 years.

v International comparison of vehicular penetration, measured by estimated number of

vehicle in use per 1000 persons, reveals that developed countries tend to have higher car
penetration whereas developing countries tend to have higher two-wheelers penetration.
India is ranked number 10th in terms of car penetration with a rate of 23 per 1000 people and
number one in terms of Motorcycle and Moped penetration with a rate of 128 per 1000
people of the 192 countries as reported in World Road Statistics.

v Under a federal set up, Centre and States have well defined powers of taxation of road
transport. While the collection of taxes by the Union from Road Transport in 2016-17
amounted to Rs. 2,80,132 crore (with 87.1% of the same accruing from taxes on High Speed
Diesel and Motor Spirit), the revenue realized by the States from Road Transport Sector in
2016-17 (RE) was Rs. 79, 962 crore (with 67% of the same accruing from Motor Vehicle
Taxes and 33% accruing from goods and passenger tax).

v Most States have switched over to one time tax for Motor Vehicles for the non-Transport
category. For the Transport category, the goods and passenger taxes are levied based on inter-
alia stage or contract carriage, type of service provided, area where the vehicle is plying,
number of passengers carried, the laden weight of the vehicle etc.

v The share of taxes from Road Transport in overall tax revenue of the State varies from State
to State and lies between 3% to 45% with the contribution at the aggregate level being
8.09%.

v In addition to the above taxes, there is the National Permit fee which is collected by the
Centre and distributed amongst the States. The total National Permit fee received by States in
2016-17 was of the order of Rs. 1727.57 crore.

2
v GST has been implemented across the country from 1.7.2017 . The pre GST and post GST
tax structure in respect of Automobiles as provided by SIAM is given at Table 6.2.
Automobiles remain one of the highest taxed manufactured products in India with the GST
Rate for Passenger Vehicles (Petrol, Diesel, CNG, Hybrid) /Commercial Vehicles /Three
Wheelers /Two-wheelers at 28%. Over and above the GST, a State Compensation Cess is
also levied on automobiles. GST Rate for Electric Vehicles was brought down from 12% to
5% in the Budget for 2019. The Industry demand is for GST Rates to be brought down to
18% for all categories of vehicles.

v Road Tax , which is a major component, continues to be paid over and above the GST.

v The introduction of GST, E-way bills, E-tolling, Electric Vehicles, creation of a National
Register and State Register for Motor Vehicles Registration and Driving Licence,
enforcement of safety related and green initiatives like vehicles to comply with mass
emission standards as per BS-VI from 1.4.2020, operations by aggregators like Uber and Ola
in the Indian cab market, implementation of the Motor Vehicle (Amendment) Act 2019,
formulation of a policy for Scrappage of Old Vehicles etc are some of the significant changes
that have either already taken place or are in the pipeline in this sector and present a challenge
to the automobile sector. The automobile Industry would need to move in tandem and
leverage on these developments in the future years to forge ahead.

3
Section – 1
 An Overview of Road Transport Sector

Sectoral Contribution

1.1 The major modes of transport in India are road, railways, airways, shipping and inland
waterways. Road transport, however remains the dominant mode both in terms of its
contribution to gross value added and in terms of its share in passenger and freight
transported. It is also a significant employer.

1.2 In terms of contribution to the economy, as per the National Accounts data published by
CSO for 2016-17, road transport contributes about 3.12 percent of Gross Value Addition
(GVA) against the total transport sector contribution of 4.85 percent in the GVA at the
national level. (Table 1.1 below refers)

Table 1.1: Percentage Share of Different Modes of Transport Services in Gross Value
Added (GVA) [base year 2011-12] from 2012-13 to 2016-17
Sector/Year 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Transport Sector 5.02 5.01 4.99 4.98 4.85
of which:
Railways 0.81 0.80 0.81 0.82 0.77
Road Transport 3.30 3.30 3.28 3.26 3.12
Water Transport 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07
Air Transport 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.16
Services Incidental to
0.78 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.74
Transport
Source: Central Statistical Organisation, National Accounts Division

1.3 Road transport encompasses motor vehicles and road transport services. It may be noted
that the share of road transport in the national accounts pertains only to the output or gross
value addition in services component and does not include the manufacture of Motor
Vehicle components of road transport.

1.4 Road transport facilitates movement of goods and passengers, and links producers with
consumers. It also plays a key role in promoting balanced socio-economic development
across the country by facilitating universal access to public services and opening
backward regions to trade and investment. Easy accessibility, flexibility of operations,
door-to-door service and reliability makes it a preferred option in passenger and freight
movement vis-à-vis other modes of transport. As per the National Transport

4
 Development Policy Committee, road transport carries about 90 percent of the total
passenger traffic and 67 percent freight traffic.

1.5 Road Transport is also a significant employer. The “services” component of Road
transport sector provides direct employment in the form of drivers and conductors /
cleaners and also generates other direct and indirect employments such as accounts and
administrative staff, brokers, booking agents, loading and unloading operations, wayside
facilities, etc. The cumulative number of total valid driver licenses issued as on
31.3.2017 were 183.3 million (Annexure 1.7). The number of incremental valid driver
licenses issued during 2016-17 were 15.4 million (Annexure 1.8). The total cumulative
number of valid conductor licenses issued as on 31.3.2017 were 4.1 million and the
number of valid incremental conductor licenses issued during 2016-17 were 0.1 million
(Annexure 1.9). The 56 reporting State Road Transport Undertakings which account for
about 8% of the registered passenger buses in the country, reported a combined staff
strength of 7.40 lakh in 2016-17.

1.6 Further, the manufacture of Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers and other transport
equipment also generates employment. As per Annual Survey of Industries (ASI), the
details of employment provided under Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers and other
transport equipment i.e under National Industrial Classification codes 29 and 30 during
the period 2012-13 to 2016-17 is given in Table 1.2 below:

Table 1.2: Employment in the Transport Sector through Manufacture of Motor

Vehicles and other transport equipment (NIC group 29 & 30)
% share
in total
NIC-08 Description 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 industry CAGR
employm (%)
ent
in 2016-17
Motor vehicles,
29 trailers and semi- 7,64,515 7,92,885 8,92,955 9,32,968 9,87,191 6.62 6.6
trailers
Other transport
30 2,93,983 2,83,498 3,02,363 3,08,549 3,16,391 2.12 1.9
equipment
Total Transport Sector 10,58,498 10,76,383 11,95,318 12,41,517 13,03,582 8.74 5.3

Total all Industries 129,50,025 13,53,8114 138,81,386 142,99,710 149,11,189 100 3.6

Source : ASI data from several publications of NSSO

5
 The data in Table 1.2 shows that employment in the Motor Vehicles & other Transport
Equipment grew from 10.58 lakhs in 2012-13 to 13.03 lakhs in 16-17 at the CAGR of
5.3% which was more than employment growth in Industry of 3.6%. The share of
automobile sector in employment from Industry was 8.74% with 6.62% being share of
manufacturing of Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers and 2.12% being the share
from the other transport equipment.

Composition of Road Transport

1.7 The total number of registered vehicles, consisting of both Transport and Non Transport
vehicles in the country as on 31st March, 2017 was 253 million. Of this, 20.9 million, i.e
about 8% belong to the newly registered in 2016-17 category. Between 2007 and 2017,
the number of registered vehicles recorded a CAGR of 10.1 per cent (Table 2.2),
outpacing the rate of increase in road length by a huge margin. The number of cars per
1000 population more than doubled in the last 10 years, increasing from 8.99 in 2006-07
to 22.35 in 2016-17. The number of registered vehicles per 100 km of road length
increased from 2,408 in 2006-07 to 4,286 in 2016-17 (Annexure 1.1).

1.8 The number of registered “Transport” vehicles, both goods and passengers, as on 31st
March 2017 were 22.539 million (Annexure 3.3a), accounting for 8.90 per cent of total
registered vehicles with Non Transport Vehicles accounting for the balance 91.1 %. In the
Transport Vehicles category, Trucks accounted for about 19.3% (Annexure 3.3d). The
trucking industry remains in the hands of private operators and is highly fragmented and
unorganised with majority being small operators, owning less than five trucks. Passenger
transportation is in the hands of both private and public operators (State Road Transport
Undertakings) with SRTUS accounting for only about 8 per cent of registered buses in
2017 (Annexure 1.5). Private operators are thus the dominant player in terms of
transportation of passenger traffic.

Production, sale and exports of motor vehicles

The details of production, sale and exports of motor vehicles during the period 2006-07
to 2016-17 as obtained from SIAM is provided at Annexure 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4
respectively. Production of motor vehicles increased from 10.85 million units in 2007-
08 to 29.09 million units in 2017-18 with a CAGR of 10.36%. The category wise
analysis of production for the same period reveals that production of scooters grew the
most with a CAGR of 20.81% followed by Utility Vehicles (16.08%). Production of
Motor vehicles in 2016-17 of 25.3 million was around 10% of the total registered
vehicles of 253 million (Annexure 1.2 ).

1.10 Sale of motor vehicles increased from 10.8 million in 2007-08 to 29.02 million in 2017-
18 with a CAGR of 10.30% (Annexure 1.3). The category wise sales data reveals that

6
 CAGR of sale of Scooters (20.66%), Utility Vehicles(15.78%) and Motorcycles
(8.72%) was higher than other categories of vehicles.

1.11 Exports of Motor Vehicles have increased from 1.2 million in quantity terms in 2007-08
to 4.0 million in 2017-18 registering a CAGR of 12.56 % (Annexure 1.4 ). It is
important to mention here that certain categories of motor vehicles such as Passengers
cars, Light Commercial Vehicles, Vans and Mopeds showed a decline in Exports in
2017-18 as compared to 2016-17. The categories which showed a growth in export in
2017-18 were three wheelers and two wheelers.

Trade Performance of Motor Vehicle & Parts in last five years

1.12 India's contribution of Motor Vehicles and parts and accessories in global export and
India's overall trade during the period 2013-14 to 2017-18 is given in Table 1.3 below:

Table 1.3: Trade of Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling stock and parts
and accessories thereof-HS 87 (Automobile).
Value in USD million

Year 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 CAGR

Import 4,475.71 4,861.67 4,988.89 4,719.25 5,844.93 5.48
Share in India’s
0.99 1.08 1.31 1.23 1.26
total imports
Export 12,933.04 14,473.85 14,356.04 14,950.09 17,255.39 5.94
Share in India’s
total exports 4.11 4.66 5.47 5.42 5.69

Trade Balance 8,457.33 9,612.18 9,367.15 10,230.84 11,410.46 6.17

TCI 1 0.23 0.25 0.23 0.28 0.24

Source : DGCIS

The above data reveals that India has a positive trade balance in the automobile sector as our
exports are greater than imports. Further, our trade balance has been growing at a CAGR of
6.17%. The Trade Competitiveness Index (TCI) for automobiles ranges between 0.23 and
0.28 also shows that the sector is trade competitive. Our exports of US$ 17.25 billion account
for 5.69 % of our total exports indicates that automobiles are a significant foreign exchange
earner.

1.13 Our major exports in the automobile category is that of Motor cars, parts and accessories and
motor cycles as may be seen from Table 1.4 below:

1
The formula of Trade competitiveness index (TCI) is calculated as TCI = (Ej-Ij) / (Ej + Ij). .
Where Ej is on behalf of one kind of industry exports of a country and Ij is the imports.
The value of TCI varies between 1 and (-) 1 and the interpretation is that if TCI > 0, it means this industry is in a dominant
position. Contrarily, if TCI < 0, it implies that the respective industry has a negative trade balance and is not competitive

7
 Table 1.4: Top 5 products exported under chapter 87
Value in US $ Million
S.No. HS Code Commodity 2016-17 2017-2018 2018-2019
1 87032291 MOTOR CAR WTH CYLNDR 3,548.55 3,553.95 3,017.53
CPCTY>=1000CC BUT < 1500CC
WTH SPRK -IGNTN
2 87089900 OTR PRTSANDACCSSRS OF VHCLS 2,333.11 2,611.58 2,817.84
OF HDG 8701 -8705
3 87032391 MOTOR CAR WTH CYLNDR 1,197.49 1,732.12 1,909.98
CPCTY>=1500CC BUT <3000CC
WTH SPRK -IGNTN
4 87112029 MOTR CYCLWTH CYLNDR CPCTY 1,329.85 1,555.02 1,657.36
>75 BT<=250 CC
5 87032191 MOTOR CAR WTH CYLNDR 850.19 769.19 848.68
CPCTY<=1000 WTH SPRK -IGNTN

Source : DGCIS

1.14 Our major imports comprise of parts and accessories, gear parts and accessories of bodies
and parts and accessories of motor cycles etc as may be seen from Table 1.5 below:

Table 1.5: Top products imported under chapter 87

Values in US $ Million
S.No. HS Code Commodity 2016-2017 2017-2018 2018-2019
1 87089900 OTR PRTSANDACCSSRS OF 1,457.41 1,792.10 1,718.35
VHCLS OF HDG 8701 -8705
2 87084000 GEAR BO XES 742.88 1,004.36 1,076.50
3 87141090 PARTS AND ACCESSORIES OF 318.01 358.66 512.39
MOTORCYCLE EXCL. SADDLE
4 87082900 OTHR PRTS AND ACCSSRS OF 328.17 401.57 418.41
BODIES(INCL CABS)
5 87089400 STERNG WHEELS,STERNG 213.88 273.79 262.09
COLUMNS AND STERNG BOXS

Source : DGCIS

Passenger traffic and freight traffic movement by roads

1.15 The estimated volumes of freight and passenger movement by road transport is given at
Annexure 1.6. However availability of passenger traffic and freight traffic movement
by roads presents a serious challenge as there is no data available for this segment unlike
the Airways and Railways which are better organised. TRW has been making
projections of passenger traffic and freight traffic based on the GDP growth rate and the
elasticity of freight traffic of 1.4 and passenger elasticity of 1.9 as provided by the
National Transport Development Committee in 2014. (Annexure 1.6 refers).

8
1.16 In general, freight transportation by road had been characterized by slow movement of
goods and delays due to numerous check-posts, multiple documentations for tax and
transport authorities leading to high logistic costs. Some of this pain has been eased by
the introduction of the E way bill. TRW has initiated discussion with GSTN this year to
obtain data on freight movement by road.

1.17 However, there remains no source of information for passenger movement by roads at
the National level.

9
Section – 2
 Registered Motor Vehicles in India

2.1 There has been a continuous increase in the number of registered motor vehicles in India
since 1951. The total number of registered motor vehicles increased from about 0.3 million
in March, 1951 to 253 million as on 31st March, 2017 (Annexure 2.1). The total registered
vehicles in the country grew at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 10.11 per cent
between 2007 and 2017 (Table 2.2). A graphic representation of the total number of all
registered motor vehicles in India since 1951 to 2017 may be seen in Chart 2.1 below:

Chart 2.1: Total Number of Registered Motor Vehicles (in million) 1951 - 2017

2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
Year

2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
1991
1981
1971
1961
1951

Source: Offices of State Transport Commissioners/UT Administrations.

10
2.2 Composition of Registered Motor Vehicles: The share of two wheelers in total
registered motor vehicles in India stood at 73.86% in 2017 as compared to 8.8% in 1951
(Table 2.1). The combined share of cars, jeeps and taxis in the total number of registered
vehicles was 13.30% in March 2017, marking a steep decline from 52% in 1951. The
share of buses in total registered vehicles has declined from 11.1% as on 31st March
1951, to 0.74% as on 31st March 2017. Omni buses have also been included in the fleet of
buses from 2001. The share of registered goods vehicles in the country, which had
accounted for 26.8% in 1951 declined to 4.84% of the total vehicles in 2017. The share of
'Other vehicles', which include tractors, trailers, three wheelers (passenger)/Light Motor
Vehicles (LMVs) and other miscellaneous vehicles, increased from 1.3% in 1951 to
7.27% during 2016-17.

Table 2.1: India - Composition of Vehicle Population

Cars, Jee ps & Goods Other
As on 31st Two Wheelers Buses @ Total
Taxis Vehicle s Vehicles
March
(as % age of total vehicle population) (Million)
1951 8.8 52.0 11.1 26.8 1.3 0.3
1961 13.2 46.6 8.6 25.3 6.3 0.7
1971 30.9 36.6 5.0 18.4 9.1 1.9
1981 48.6 21.5 3.0 10.3 16.6 5.4
1991 66.4 13.8 1.5 6.3 11.9 21.4
2001 70.1 12.8 1.2 5.4 10.5 55.0
2002 70.6 12.9 1.1 5.0 10.4 58.9
2003 70.9 12.8 1.1 5.2 10.0 67.0
2004 71.4 13.0 1.1 5.2 9.4 72.7
2005 72.1 12.7 1.1 4.9 9.1 81.5
2006 72.2 12.9 1.1 4.9 8.8 89.6
2007 71.5 13.1 1.4 5.3 8.7 96.7
2008 71.5 13.2 1.4 5.3 8.6 105.3
2009 71.7 13.3 1.3 5.3 8.4 115.0
2010 71.7 13.5 1.2 5.0 8.6 127.7
2011 71.8 13.6 1.1 5.0 8.5 141.8
2012 72.4 13.5 1.0 4.8 8.3 159.5
2013 72.7 13.6 1.0 4.7 8.0 176.0
2014 73.1 13.6 1.0 4.6 7.7 190.7
2015 73.5 13.6 1.0 4.4 7.5 210.0
2016 73.5 13.1 0.8 4.6 8.1 230.0
2017 73.86 13.30 0.74 4.84 7.27 253.0

Source: Offices of State Transport Commissioners/UT Administrations.

Note: ‘Other vehicles’ include tractors, trailers, three wheelers (passenger vehicles)/LMV and other
miscellaneous vehicles which are not classified separately.
@ includes Omni buses since 2001

11
 2.3 Graphic representation of the trend of each vehicle category's share in total registered
vehicles over the period from 1951 to 2017 is given in Chart 2.2 below.

Chart 2.2: Trend in the share of Vehicular composition from 1951 to 2017

80
73.1 73.5 73.5 73.9
71.4 72.1 72.2 71.5 71.5 71.7 71.7 71.8 72.4 72.7
70.1 70.6 70.9
Different categories of vehicles as %age of total registered vehicles

70 66.4

60

52
48.6
50
46.6
Two Wheelers
Cars, Jeeps & Taxis
40
Buses
36.6
Goods Vehicles
30.9
Other Vehicles
30
26.8
25.3

21.5
20
18.4
16.6
13.2
13.8
11.9 12.8
12.9 12.8 13 12.7 12.9 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.5 13.6 13.5 13.6 13.6 13.6 13.1 13.3
8.8 11.1 10.3 10.5 10.4 10
10 8.6 9.1 9.4 9.1 8.8 8.7 8.6 8.6 8.5
8.4 8.3 8 7.7 7.5 8.1 7.3
6.3 6.3 5.4
5 5 5.2 5.2 4.9 4.9 5.3 5.3 5.3 5 5 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.8
3
1.3 1.5 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1 1 1 1 0.8 0.7
0
1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Year

2.4 Apart from the sheer dominance of the total vehicular population in India by two-
wheelers, this category of vehicle has seen steady growth, though at a lower rate in recent
years, whereas the share of buses has declined over the years. This preference of road
users for personalised means of transport over public transport appears to have been
dictated by reasons such as personal convenience, economic conditions as also by the
failure of public transportation system to keep up with the demand.

12
 2.5 Growth of Vehicles versus Roads: The CAGR of the registered motor vehicles,
category wise and different categories of Roads is given in (Table 2.2) below:

Table 2.2: Compound Annual Growth Rates (in %) in Vehicles and Road Length

Vehicles Roads

Period Two - Cars, Buses Goods Others* Total NHs SHs Rural Urban Project Total
Wheel Jeeps Vehicles &
ers & OP
Taxis WD

1961/1951 12.5 6.9 5.3 7.4 26.5 8.1 1.9 4.0 -0.5 NA NA 2.7
1971/1961 20.7 8.2 5.1 7.4 15.0 10.9 0.0 2.6 6.0 4.5 NA 5.7
1981/1971 16.3 5.4 5.6 4.9 18.1 11.2 2.9 4.5 5.9 5.5 3.5 5.0
1991/1981 18.4 9.8 7.4 9.4 10.9 14.8 0.6 2.1 7.2 4.3 1.2 4.6
2001/1991 10.5 9.1 6.7 8.1 8.6 9.9 5.5 3.1 4.6 3.0 0.6 3.8
2011/2001 10.2 10.5 9.7 9.1 7.6 9.9 2.1 3.0 3.4 5.0 2.3 3.3
2014/2004 10.4 10.6 9.4 8.8 8.0 10.1 3.4 3.9 4.4 4.3 1.3 4.1
2015/2005 10.1 10.7 8.2 8.8 7.8 9.8 4.1 3.1 3.8 5.0 1.5 3.7

2016/2006 10.1 10.1 5.9 9.0 8.9 9.9 4.3 -2.5 5.5 5.7 2.0 3.7
2017/2007 10.47 10.29 3.28 9.12 8.09 10.11 5.54 -2.6 5.7 5.8 2.0 3.9

Note: NHs: National Highways; SHs: State Highways; PWD: Other Public Works Department roads
* Others include tractors, trailers, three-wheelers (passenger vehicles/LMVs) and other miscellaneous vehicles
which are not classified separately.
** During the year 2015-16, Other PWD Road category has been discontinued and PWD road, other SHs, are
categorized under Districts Roads and Rural roads under PWD. Because of this change, the figures in respect of
OPWD, District Road & Rural Roads are not comparable with figures of previous years.

Sources: 1. Offices of State Transport Commissioners/UT Administrations

2. ‘Basic Road Statistics of India 2016-17.

The CAGR of total registered Motor vehicles grew @10.11% during the period 2007 to
2017. Among the various categories of vehicles, the highest CAGR registered during the
period 2007 to 2017 was by two-wheelers (10. 47%) and cars, jeeps & taxis (10.29%),
followed by goods vehicles (9.12%), other vehicles (8.09%) and buses (3.28%).

2.6 The details of category-wise newly registered vehicles during 2016-17 and total registered
vehicles as on 31st March, 2017 are given at Annexure 2.2. The share of Non-Transport
vehicle in total registered vehicles was 91.1% while that of Transport vehicles was 8.90%.
In so far as the new registered vehicles i.e vehicles registered during 2016-17 are

13
 concerned, the share of Transport and Non-Transport vehicles is 7.45% and 92.55%
respectively (Annexure 3.3a). It will be observed that the predominant share of non-
transport vehicles vis-a-vis transport vehicles prevails in both total registered and newly
registered vehicles.

2.7 Data on number of vehicles in use is crucial for understanding issues such as traffic
congestion. This publication attempted to collate the information pertaining to
commercial transport vehicles in use as furnished by States/UTs based on valid primary
permits issued by them (Annexure 2.3). As per data on commercial vehicles in use,
Goods carriages have a higher share of 54.98% followed by contract carriage & stage
carriage of passengers (42.54 %). (Annexure 3.6). The share of commercial vehicles in
use as on 31st March, 2017 in total registered transport vehicles is almost 59 %.

14
Section – 3
 State-wise Distribution of Registered Motor Vehicle Population in India

3.1 The distribution of registered vehicles across the 36 States and UTs has been fairly
uneven. Registered vehicles in 5 States of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, UP, Gujarat and
Karnataka accounted for 49 per cent of the total registered vehicles in India whereas 10
small States/UTs of Nagaland, Tripura, Manipur, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, A & N
Islands, Daman & Diu, D & N Haveli, Sikkim and Lakshadweep together accounted for
less than 1 per cent.

3.2 Out of total 253 million registered motor vehicles up to 31st March, 2017, the State of
Maharashtra accounted for 11.93 per cent, followed by Uttar Pradesh (10.37%), Tamil
Nadu (10.31%), Gujarat (8.70%) and Karnataka (7.06%). The UT of Lakshadweep with
0.18 lakh registered vehicles has the smallest share of less than 0.01% in the total
registered motor vehicles in the country. Among the States, Sikkim reported the lowest
number of the total registered vehicles (0.54 lakh) with a share of 0.02% in the total
registered motor vehicles in the country (Annexure 3.1). State/UT-wise number of
registered motor vehicles up to the period 31st March 2017 is depicted at Chart-3.1
below.

Chart 3.1: Registered Motor Vehicles (in thousands), as on 31st March 2017
Number of Registered Motor Vehicles

30,217
35,000

26,265
26,109
30,000 22,037
17,871

25,000
14,901
13,199

20,000
11,303
10,260
9,843
9,845
9,626
9,370

15,000
7,446
6,558
6,246
5,242
3,385

10,000
3,029
2,137
1,239
1,356
1,511
583
883
930

5,000
121
180
187
340
383
410
116
111
18
54

0
Lakshadweep
Sikkim
Dadra & Nagar Haveli
Daman & Diu
A & N Islands
Arunachal Pradesh
Mizoram
Manipur
Tripura
Nagaland
Meghalaya
Chandigarh
Puducherry
Goa
Himachal Pradesh
Jammu & Kashmir
Uttarakhand
Assam
Jharkhand
Chhattisgarh
Bihar
Odisha
West Bengal
Haryana
Andhra Pradesh
Punjab
Telangana
Delhi
Kerala
Madhya Pradesh
Rajasthan
Karnataka
Gujarat
Tamil Nadu
Uttar Pradesh
Maharashtra

Status/UTs

15
 3.3 State/UT-wise number of registered motor vehicles for the period 2007 to 2017 is given
at Annexure 3.2 and the compound annual growth rate of the respective States/UTs is
presented in Chart 3.2 below :

Chart 3.2: State/UT wise CAGR of Registered Motor Vehicles during 2007-17
17.47

20.00
14.78
14.75

18.00
12.76

16.00
12.54
12.34

11.81
11.87

11.70
11.49
11.20

10.81
11.07
14.00

10.26
10.23
10.09

9.72
9.81

9.52
12.00

9.05
8.94
8.87
8.82
8.78
8.65
8.58
8.16
7.91
10.00

7.22
6.92
6.45
5.97
8.00
6.00

2.67
4.00
2.00
0.00
Meghalaya
Himachal Pradesh
Bihar
Uttarakhand
Karnataka
Tripura
Mizoram
Odisha
Chhattisgarh
Assam
Uttar Pradesh
Kerala
Rajasthan
Haryana
Jammu & Kashmir
Madhya Pradesh
Manipur
A & N Islands
Maharashtra
Tamil Nadu
Assam
Bihar
West Bengal
Gujarat
Punjab
Dadra & Nagar Haveli
Sikkim
Goa
Jharkhand
Nagaland
Delhi
Daman & Diu
Chandigarh
Note: Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh and Telengana are excluded as the base year (2006) figure s of registered vehicles
are not available for these states.

3.4 The data on States/UTs wise CAGR during 2007-2017 presented in Graph 3.2 reveals that
Meghalaya has recorded the highest annual growth rate of 17.47% followed by Himachal
Pradesh (14.78%), and Bihar (14.75%). The lowest CAGRs were recorded by Chandigarh
(2.7%), Daman and Diu (5.97%) and Delhi (6.92%).

3.5 The summary of State-wise and category wise number of registered vehicles during the
year 2016-17 and up to 31.3.2017 is at Annexure 3.3(a). The State-wise and category wise
details of newly registered transport and non-transport vehicles are at Annexure 3.3(b) and
3.3(c), respectively, while the State-wise and category wise cumulative total of number of
vehicles (Transport and Non-transport) can be seen at Annexure 3.3(d) and 3.3(e),
respectively.

3.6 State/UT-wise registered buses and public sector (STRUs) bus fleet from 2013 to 2017 may
be seen at Annexure 3.4. It can be seen from the information available that share of public
transport i.e public sector buses in total bus during 2016-17 is around 8 %.

16
3.7 State-wise, number of commercial vehicles in use as on 31st March 2017 is presented in
Annexure 3.5. The share of commercial vehicles in use in total registered vehicles is
only 5% as on 31st March, 2017. The states leading with significant share in total
registered commercial vehicles in use are Maharashtra (28.7%), Karnataka (12.95%)
and Tamil Nadu (9.31%). Details of State-wise and vehicle category-wise commercial
vehicles in use in respect of reporting States are given at Annexure 3.6. It will be noted
that Contract carriage for passengers accounts for 40.4% of the Commercial Vehicles in
use and Goods carriage accounts for 55% of the Commercial Vehicles in use. Within the
category of Contract carriage for passengers, auto rickshaws account for 25.5%, Cabs of
different types account for 12.9% and buses account for 0.8%.

17
Section – 4
 Registered Motor Vehicles in Million-Plus Cities

4.1 This chapter is based on 422 million plus cities for which data/information has been
received.

4.2 Urban centres are associated with high vehicular density and road traffic congestion.
The number of registered vehicles (Transport and Non Transport) in the 42 reporting
Million-Plus Cities upto 31st March 2017 was 728.20 lakh which accounts for 28.75
per cent of total registered vehicles in the country (Annexure 4.1). Delhi (102.6 lakh)
recorded the highest number of registered motor vehicles, followed by Bengaluru
(68.33 lakh), Chennai (52.99 lakh), Ahmedabad (39.04 lakh), Greater Mumbai (30.53
lakh) and Surat (28.87 lakh). These six cities accounted for 44.27% of the total
registered vehicles in respect of the reported Million Plus Cities. The details of
registered vehicles million city wise are presented in chart 4.1 below:

Chart 4.1: Registered Motor Vehicles in Million Plus cities as on 31st March, 2017

10260
12000
10000

6833
8000

5299
6000

3905
3053
2887
2717
2715
2583

4000
2022
2059
1978
1935
1926
1633
1527
1256
1258
1324
1037
1052
1023
708
760
764

907
918
962
800
813
815
831
882

2000
624
651
515
210
232
266
267
291
324

0
Allapppuzha
Kannur
Jamshedpur
Palakkad
Srinagar
Maiappuram
Aurangabad
Meerut
Dhanbad
Nashik
Ranchi
Kota
Kolkata
Thiruvananthapuram
Durg Bhilai
Trichy
Chandigarh
Varanasi
Ghaziabad
Agra
Allahabad
Madurai
Jodhpur
Bhopal
Patna
Raipur
Nagpur
Kanpur
Rajkot
Indore
Lucknow
Vadodara
Coimbatore
Jaipur
Hyderabad
Pune
Surat
Greater Mumbai
Ahmedabad
Chennai
Bengaluru
Delhi

2
There are 55 urban agglomerations in India as on date of which registered Motor Vehicle information was not
provided for 13 cities.

4.3. The city-wise and category-wise number of registered vehicles, both transport and Non
Transport are provided at Annexures 4.2 .

18
4.4 The trend in the growth of registered vehicles in million cities for the period 2007 to
2017 is given at Annexure 4.3. During 2007-2017,the highest CAGR of 12.21 % was
recorded by Surat followed by Kanpur (11.44%) and Pune (11.32%).The select Million-
Plus Cities which recorded more than 10% CAGR during 2007-2017 is given in Table
4.1 below-

Table 4.1: Million-Plus Cities Recording High Growth Rates of Registered Motor
Vehicles During 2007-2017

Million Plus Cities 2007-2017

Surat 12.21
Kanpur 11.44
Pune 11.32
Patna 11.15
Ahmedabad 10.40
Source: Offices of State Transport Commissioners/ UT Administrations.

19
Section – 5
 International Comparison of Vehicular Penetration

5.1 A comparison of select indicators published by World Road Statistics, 2018 of

International Road Federation has been undertaken with the objective of positioning
India viz-a-viz other countries in terms of total vehicles in use, category wise
composition and penetration levels per 1000 for different type of vehicles.

5.2 The details of total vehicles in use , category wise with respective penetration levels in
respect of top 15 countries is presented in Table 5.1 below:

Table 5.1 : Strength and penetration of different types of Vehicles across select countries (2016)*
Passenger cars Buses and Motor coaches Motorcycles & Mopeds
Total Vehicle
Total Vehicles in World
Country penetration Penetration Penetration
use Ranking Penetration
per '000 people Total Rank per '000 Total Rank Total Rank per '000
per '000 people
people people

United States 26,01,19,703 1 804 11,29,61,266 2 349 9,76,161 5 3 86,79,380 7 27

China 18,45,01,356 2 134 16,04,83,935 1 116 22,98,484 2 2 6,82,61,220 3 50

Japan 7,73,01,798 3 609 6,08,31,892 3 479 2,30,603 9 2 1,12,15,300 5 88
Brazil 6,85,11,508 4 330 5,20,04,134 4 250 9,84,847 4 5 2,53,11,251 4 122
Russia 5,23,37,486 5 363 4,51,63,201 6 313 8,74,382 7 6 22,66,183 12 16
Germany 5,09,64,751 6 619 4,58,03,560 5 556 78,949 14 1 43,14,493 8 52
Italy 4,33,23,517 7 715 3,85,15,701 7 635 98,623 12 2 97,40,471 6 161
#
India 4,25,15,000 8 32 3,02,42,000 10 23 17,57,000 3 1 16,89,75,000 1 128
Mexico 3,99,45,510 9 313 2,91,64,157 11 229 3,65,419 8 3 29,87,057 10 23
France 3,91,18,000 10 585 3,23,90,000 8 484 91,000 13 1 NA NA
United
3,52,87,562 11 538 3,08,50,440 9 470 1,61,500 10 2 12,48,074 14 19
Kingdom
Spain 2,88,95,046 12 622 2,28,76,830 12 492 61,838 15 1 32,11,474 9 69
Poland 2,53,29,863 13 667 2,16,75,388 13 571 1,13,139 11 3 26,47,825 11 70
Indonesia 2,41,30,997 14 92 1,45,80,666 15 56 24,86,898 1 10 10,51,50,082 2 403
Korea 2,17,22,872 15 424 1,73,38,160 14 338 8,92,539 6 17 21,80,688 13 43

Source : World road statistics, 2018 published by International Road Federation Geneva

*Note:
i) Total motor vehicles – include passenger cars, buses and motor coaches, vans and lorries, but exclude motor cycles and
mopeds
ii) Passenger cars – motor vehicle, other than motor cycle, intended for carriage of passengers and designed to seat no
more than 9 persons (including driver)
iii) Buses and Motor coaches: - passenger road motor vehicle designed to seat more than nine persons (including the
driver). Included are mini-buses and mini-coaches designed to seat more than nine persons (including the driver).
iv) Motor cycles– Two or three -wheeled road motor vehicle not exceeding 400kg (900lb) of unladen weight. All
such vehicles with a cylinder capacity of 50cc or over are included, as are those under 50cc which do not meet
the definition of moped.
v) Moped:- Two or three wheeled road motor vehicle which is fitted with an engine having a cylinder capacity of
less than 50cc (3.05cu.in) and a maximum authorised design speed in accordance with national regulations.
# This publication only brings out commercial transport vehicles in use in India.

20
5.3 Data in the above table reveals that India ranks 8th in terms of total vehicles in use
across the 192 countries, as reported in the World Road Statistics, 2018. However,
India's total vehicle penetration rate of 32 vehicles per thousand population is the
lowest amongst the top fifteen countries arranged as per vehicle strength. Vehicle
Penetration of United States, China, Japan, Brazil and Russia is higher by a factor of
about 25.1, 4.19, 19.3, 10.31 and 11.34, respectively.

5.4 India ranks 10th in terms of total strength of passenger cars in use across the 192
countries reported in the World Road Statistics, 2018. However, with a penetration rate
of 23 passengers cars per thousand people is far behind Italy (635), Poland (571),
Germany(556), Spain(492) and Japan(479).

5.5 India ranks 3rd in terms of strength of buses and motor coaches after Indonesia and
China across the 192 countries reported in the World road Statistics, 2018. The buses
and Motor coaches penetration rate of India at just 1 per thousand people is much less
than that of Korea(17), Indonesia(10) and Russia(6).

5.6 India ranks 1st in terms of strength of Motorcycles & mopeds across the 192 countries
reported in the World Road Statistics, 2018 followed by Indonesia and China. In terms
of penetration of motorcycles & Mopeds per thousand of population, India with a
rd
penetration rate of 128, ranks 3 behind Indonesia (403) and Italy (161).

21
Section – 6
 Road Transport and Motor Vehicle Taxation in India

6.1 Under the federal set up in India, the centre, states and local authorities have well
defined powers of taxation and management of road transport, as earmarked in the
Seventh Schedule of the Constitution.

6.2 As far as the road transport sector is concerned, regulation and taxation of motor
vehicles are treated as two distinct powers. While regulation of Motor vehicles falls
within the concurrent list (list III, entry 35 refers) and the power is jointly exercised by
both the Central and State Governments with residuary powers with the Centre;
taxation of motor vehicles essentially falls within the ambit of State List (List II, entry
56 & 57 refers).

6.3 The Central Government thus regulates motor vehicles under the Indian Motor
Vehicles Act, 1988, and Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989. The levies charged under
the Act including fees for registering motor vehicles; obtaining driving licenses;
transfer of ownership of motor vehicles; issue of permits and certificate of fitness of
transport vehicles are levied by State Transport Departments. Besides the levy of
above mentioned fees, States also levy taxes like the Motor Vehicle Tax (also referred
to registration fees in some States), the passenger and goods tax, etc.

6.4 Under the pre-GST regime, the Union Government levied excise duty & import duties
on Motor vehicles and Accessories, tyres and tubes, High Speed Diesel and Motor
spirit and service tax on certain road transport services like the rent a cab scheme, tour
operator services etc.

6.5 The Revenue realized from Road Transport by the Centre for the period 2009-10 to
2016-17 is given in the Table 6.1 below :

22
 Table 6.1 Revenue Realised from Road Transport (Centre): 2009-10 to 2016-17
(Rs. Crores)
Year Motor Vehicles & Accessories Tyres & Tubes High Speed Diesel Oil Motor Spirit Total
Import Excise Total Import Excise Total Import Excise Total Import Excise Total
Duty Duty Duty Duty Duty* Duty Duty Duty
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

2009-10 4,121.7 6,294.2 10,415.9 1,470.9 596.8 2,067.7 4,376.6 3,339.1 7,715.7 3,378.2 24,809.5 28,187.7 48,386.9

2010-11 6,508.7 8,667.6 15,176.3 2,552.5 939.8 3,492.3 17,546.2 3,731.9 21,278.1 8,735.6 26,770.9 35,506.5 75,453.2

2011-12 8,126.7 9,331.2 17,457.8 2,961.2 1,115.4 4,076.6 15,280.1 4,723.0 20,003.1 5,239.5 28,795.5 34,034.9 75,572.5

2012-13 9,096.4 12,309.9 21,406.3 3,513.7 1,358.7 4,872.4 9,949.6 27,237.9 37,187.5 3,754.9 23,710.1 27,465.0 90,931.2

2013-14 11,762.8 10,013.3 21,776.1 # 1,985.9 1,985.9 15,563.0 27,335.1 42,898.1 ## 22,424.0 22,424.0 89,084.1

2014-15 12,412.5 9,264.2 21,676.7 # 2,113.1 2,113.1 12,571.8 42,753.5 55,325.3 ## 30,825.9 30,825.9 109,941.0

2015-16 13,945.0 14,220.0 28,165.0 # 2,441.3 2,441.3 15,202.0 101,438.1 116,640.0 ## 52,413.4 52,413.4 199,659.7

2016-17 14,421.2 19,591.0 34,012.3 # 2,109.4 2,109.4 21,290.4 151,523.9 172,814.3 ## 71,196.2 71,196.2 280,132.1

% share 5.1 7.0 12.1 0.8 0.8 7.6 54.1 61.7 25.4 25.4 100.0

CAGR 19.6 17.6 18.4 19.8 0.3 25.4 72.5 55.9 16.3 14.2 28.5

#: Included in Import Duty of Motor Vehicles and Accessories

## : Included in Import Duty of High Speed Diesel Oil

* Includes petroleum oils, oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude, other mineral fuels, oils, waxes and bituminous substances

Source: Directorate of Data Management, Central Excise & Customs, New Delhi.

6.6 The share of different sources of revenues realized by the Centre from Road
Transport in 2016-17 are as follows :

S. No. Sources of Revenue for the Centre Rs crore % share

from Road Transport for 201-17
1. Motor Vehicles & Accessories 34,012.3 12.1
2. Tyres & Tubes 2,109.4 0.8
3. High Speed Diesel Oil 1,72,814.3 61.7
4. Motor Spirit 71,196.2 25.4
Total 2,80,132.1 100

Thus, it will be seen that High speed diesel oil is the single most important source of
revenue for the Government with a share of 61.7% followed by Motor Spirit with a
share of 25.4% followed by Motor Vehicle & Accessories of 12.1% and tyres & tubes
of 0.8%.

23
6.7 The trend in different types of taxes collected by the Centre is depicted in Chart-6.1
below :

Chart 6.1: Trends of Tax Revenue collected by Central Government from Road
Transport Sector from 2009-10 to 2016-17

2,00,000

1,80,000
1,72,814

1,60,000

1,40,000

1,20,000 1,16,640
Motor Vehicles & Accessories

1,00,000 Tyres & Tubes

High Speed Diesel Oil
80,000 Motor Spirit
71,196

60,000 55,325 52,413

35,507 42,898
40,000 34,035
37,188
34,012
28,188 22,424 30,826 28,165
27,465
21,278 20,003 21,406 21,776 21,677
20,000 10,416 15,176 17,458
7,716 4,872
2,068 3,492 4,077 1,986 2,113 2,441 2,109
0
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

6.8 It will be observed that revenue collected by central government from high speed diesel oil
increased from Rs. 7,715.7 crore in 2009-10 to Rs. 1,72,814.3 crores in 2016-17 and grew
at the fastest rate i.e at a CAGR of 55.9%. The revenue realised by the Central Government
from motor vehicles & accessories increased from Rs. 10,415.9 crores in 2009-10 to Rs.
34,012.2 crores in 2016-17 i.e at a CAGR of 18.4%; the revenue collected by central
government from motor spirit increased from Rs. 28,187.7 crore in 2009-10 to Rs.
71,196.2 crores in 2016-17 and grew at a CAGR of 14.2%. and from tyres & tubes
increased from Rs. 2,067.7 crore in 2009-10 to Rs. 2,109.4 crore in 2016-17 i.e at a CAGR
of 0.3%.

6.9 State Governments levy tax and fees on motor vehicles, sales tax/VAT on motor spirit
and lubricants and taxes on passengers and goods. Apart from these, there is the entry tax
and octroi collected by state governments or local bodies. Taxes collected by the State
Governments from the road sector as reported in the State Finances- A study of Budgets
is given in Annexure 5.2.

24
 6.10 The trend in the collection of these taxes from 2009-10 to 2016-17 is shown in Chart
6.2 below.

Chart 6.2: Revenue collected by State Government from Road Transport Sector during
2009-10 to 2016-17

60,000.0 CAGR of 14.6% in 10 yrs

50,000.0 53,388.1
46,642.7
Tax Revenue (Rs. in Crore)

37,304.9 42,699.2
40,000.0 35,296.3
28,679.7
30,000.0 23,497.7 26,574.1
19,637.8
20,000.0 23,360.6
19,444.9 20,365.7
15,306.4
10,000.0 9,857.0 11,296.4 12,665.7

2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17

Year (R.E) (R.E) (R.E)

Motor Vehicles Taxes and Fees Tax on Passengers and Goods

Source: State Finances- A Study of Budgets 2012-13 to 2018-19 by Reserve Bank of India

6.11 In terms of composition, revenue from tax on motor vehicle constitute about two-thirds of the combined
revenue of states and UTs from road transport whereas taxes on passenger and goods constitute the
balance one-third in 2016-17. Chart-6.3,below depicts the percentage share in the total tax revenue
collected by state and UT governments during 2016-17. (Annexure 5.2)

Chart 6.3: Composition of tax revenue (% of total) collected by state Governments

from Road Transport sector during 2016-17

33%
Motor Vehicles Taxes and Fees

67% Tax on Passengers and Goods

25
6.12 The revenue generated by States and UTs with legislatures from tax on motor vehicles
and taxes on goods and passengers constitutes, on an average, 8.04 percent of their
combined own tax revenue in 2016-17 (Annexure 5.3). The magnitude of the revenue
significance of these taxes differs widely across States; from as low as 3.05 percent of its
own tax revenue in case of Tripura to 45.01 percent of own tax revenue for Arunachal
Pradesh. Among major States, the revenue from motor vehicle and goods & passenger
taxes constitute from 5.24 per cent of own tax revenue for Andhra Pradesh to 28.17 per
cent for Bihar.

6.13 The new National Permit System was introduced in May 2010 to provide a framework
for uninterrupted movement of goods vehicles across the country authorizing the permit
holder to operate throughout the country. Under the system, national permit can be
granted by the home state on payment of requisite authorisation fee and annual fee. The
consolidated fee so collected is distributed among the states and UTs on the basis of a
formula based upon the average composite fee received by the states/UTs during
previous three years. A statement of the comparison of fee received in National Permit
Account by states/UTs is given at Annexure 5.4.

6.14 Different States use different basis for computation of registration fees, goods tax and
passenger tax such as cost of vehicle, engine capacity, unladen weight, seating capacity
etc and use different rates, different periodicity rendering inter State comparisons of the
above taxes incomparable. There is a complex matrix which emerges once we try to put
together the tax structure for different segments of Transport (Stage Carriage/ Contract
carriage) and Non transport Vehicles for different States together (Annexure 5.5).

6.15 It may be noted from Annexure 5.5 that most States have switched over to one time tax
/life time tax (LTT) in respect of the Motor Vehicle Tax for two-wheelers, cars and Taxis
belonging to the Non Transport category. In the case of Transport Vehicles for
passengers, the passenger tax rates are differentiated based on whether the vehicle is for
stage or contract carriage, with the seating capacity generally forming the basis for
levying tax. Many States differentiate in taxes on the basis of type of service
(Ordinary/Luxury/Express etc.) as also on the basis of the area where the vehicle is
plying as. In some States, routes are divided into different categories as in moffusil
versus town, city versus rural areas etc. Goods vehicles are almost always taxed on the
basis of the registered laden weight (RLW) or gross vehicle weight (GVW) or unladen
weight (ULW) and they are based on one time tax, quarterly and annually respectively.

26
 Tax Structure for the Automobile Industry Pre and Post GST

6.16 The table below summarizes the pre GST and Post GST taxes levied in the
automobile sector.

Table 6.2:Tax Structure for the Automobile Industry Pre and Post GST
Revisions
Post GST introduced introduced
Pre GST in India from in
1.7.2017 July/August
2019
Multi Utility Vehicles( MUVs) /Sports Utility Vehicles ( SUVs) 30+1*+4^ 28+22$ 28+22$
Small cars (Petrol) ** 12.5+1*+1^ 28+1$ 28+1$
Small cars (Deisel)** 12.5+1*+2.5^ 28+3$ 28+3$

Not small cars but less than 1500 cc 24+1*+4^ 28+17$ 28+17$

Cars and MUVs between 1500&1900 cc 27+1*+4^ 28+20$ 28+20$

Cars & MUVs >= 2000cc 27+1*+4^ 28+20$ 28+20$
Hybrid Vehicles1 & Hydrogen Vehicles 2 12.5* 28+15$ 28+15$
Electric Vehicles (of HS 87) 6 12 5
$
12.5 28(<350 cc) and 28+3 (for
2 Wheelers less than 75 cc and greater than 75cc >350cc) 28+3$
3 wheelers (Passenger & Goods) 12.5 28 28
Commercial Vehicles 12.5 28 28

Source :SIAM
SUVs/MUVs have been defined as vehicles with length over 4000 mm, engine capacity >1500 cc and ground clearance >170mm for
vehicles in 8703 tariff heading.

*Includes National Calamity Contingent Duty -NCCD of 1%

**Small cars : upto 4000mm in length & 1200cc for petrol & upto 4000mm in length & 1500cc for diesel. Petrol driven
includes “Petrol, Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) or Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) driven vehicles” (by notification dated
May 25, 2006).

1 Hybrid car means 'motor vehicles falling under HS 8703, which uses a combination of battery powered electric motor and an
internal combustion engine to power the vehicle drive trains, but does not include such micro-hybrid motor vehicle with start and
stop technology using battery powered electric motor only while in static condition'

2 Hydrogen Vehicle means' a motor vehicle falling under HS 8702,8703, that converts the chemical energy of hydrogen to
mechanical energy by reacting hydrogen with oxygen in a fuel cell to run electric motor to power the vehicle drive trains'.
^ Additional infrastructure cess introduced in 2016-17 -1% Petrol/LPG/CNG driven motor vehicles of length not exceeding 4m
and engine capacity not exceeding 1200cc; 2.5% on Diesel driven motor vehicles of length not exceeding 4m and engine capacity
not exceeding; 4% on Other higher engine capacity motor vehicles and SUVs and bigger sedans
$
After introduction of GST, State Compensation cess was levied on a select categories of vehicles. The cess initially was in the
range of 1% and 15% and later increased to 1% to 22%.

27
6.17 Post implementation of GST , the following issues have been raised by the Industry:

(i) Reduction in GST rates for automobiles and components to 18%

Automobiles are one of the highest taxed manufactured products in India. GST Rate for
Passenger Vehicles (Petrol, Diesel, CNG, Electric, Hybrid) /Commercial Vehicles/Three
Wheelers /Two-wheelers is at 28%. Over and above GST, a State Compensation Cess is also
levied on automobiles. There is a clamour amongst the Industry for bringing down the GST
on automobiles.

(ii) Simplification of Road Taxes across the country for vehicles

For automobile industry, Road Tax is a major tax element. However Road Tax has not been
subsumed under the GST regime.

28
Section – 7
 Road Transport Sector Initiatives

7.0 Several initiatives have been taken by MORTH in the Road Transport Segment. Some
of the important Schemes/programmes being implemented by MORTH in the above
segment are given below:

7.1 Strengthening of Public Transport System Scheme :- One time financial assistant
to the tune of 50% of the project cost is provided by MORTH to the States/ UTs for use
of latest technologies such as GPS/ GSM based vehicle tracking system, computerized
reservation / ticketing system, inter-modal fare integration, passenger information
system etc.

7.2 Safety and Security of Women Passengers (Nirbhaya Scheme). A dedicated fund
has been setup by the Government of India for providing financial assistance to the
States/ UTs for the projects specifically designed to improve safety and security of
women in public transport. Funds have been released to Government of Andhra
Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation from the
Nirbhaya Fund. Moreover, In November 2016 provision was made for Compulsory
GPS and Panic Button in Public Transport.

7.3 Training Programmes for Transport/Traffic Department Officials:- For

development of Human Resources, Officials of Transport Department of States/UTs
are apprised with updated rules and regulation relating to transport through Workshop
cum Training programmes through various institutes.

7.4 MoU with Transport for London (TFL): An MoU has been signed between
MORTH and the 'Transport for London'(TFL) a statutory Body established under the
Greater London Authority Act, 1999. The MoU focuses on improving the Public
Transport System and targets to double the passenger capacity in the next three years,
improve passenger services, data analysis etc. by using IT in the Road Transport
Sector; increase the use of electric vehicles; introduction of Technology in ticketing
and the provision of passenger information; promote digital transaction and induction
of high capacity diesel/ electric vehicles in India.

7.5 Reimbursable Advisory Service Agreement with World Bank: For "Augmenting
the passenger carrying capacity and improvement in efficiency" of SRTUs, World
Bank has been engaged by MORTH for pilot projects in the States. The objective of the
Advisory Services would be to assist the participating states in improving their public

29
 transport policy, and state road transport undertakings (SRTU) to improve their service
definition and planning, and to support increasing capacity of the public transport
system through innovative contracting methods and increase capacity of service
providers to deliver safe and affordable services.

7.6 Taxi Policy Guidelines: The report of the Committee high level constituted as per
direction of Hon'ble High Court of Delhi vide its Order dt. 11'th Aug, 2016 in W. P.
(Civil) 6000/ 2015 filed by Radio Taxis Association, to examine all the relevant issues
related to existing permits given to black / yellow taxis, radio taxis, aggregators etc.
committee to propose taxi policy guideline to promote urban mobility was approved
and accepted by this Ministry and forwarded to all State Governments for taking
appropriate action with the leverage to amend its rule to regulate the taxi aggregators.

7.7 Accessible India Campaign (Sugamya Bharat Abhiyan):- The Accessible India
Campaign launched by Hon'ble Prime Minister for creating universal accessibility for
persons with Disabilities in Built Environment, Transport, and Information Et
Communication Technology (ICT) ecosystem targeted that 25% of the Government
owned public transport carriers were to be made fully accessible by March 2019. Out
of 61 State Road Transport Undertakings (SRTUs), 17 SRTUs have more than 25%
accessibilities, 8 SRTUs have 10-25 % accessibility and 36 SRTUs have less than 10%
accessibility.

7.8 Transport Mission Mode Project: Through its flagship applications Vahan (for
Vehicle Registration) and Sarathi (for Driving License)-has achieved 100%
automation of 1100 + RTOs all across the country. Almost all states and UTs of the
Country are using versions of the applications developed by NIC. A number of core
RTO centric applications and a large number of online Citizen and Trade centric
services have been facilitated through the VAHAN and SARATHI platforms such as
online dealer point registration, online road tax payments, online applications for
driving/learner licences; modification requests in existing RC/DL etc.

7.9 Road transport consumes over three-fourths of the total energy consumed by transport
sector and thereby has significant implications for import of petroleum products and
air pollution. Thus development of fuel efficient vehicles, alternative fuels and
enforcement of strict emission norms are imperative for sustainability of road
transport sector in the country. Several Green initiatives have been taken up by the
Ministry in this regard as follows:

v Electric, Ethanol and Methanol vehicles have been exempted from the requirement of
permits;

30
 v All Pollution under Control (PUC) Vendors are to electronically upload emission
test data on to Vahan;

v Number plate with a green background for Battery operated Vehicles;

v Notification to allow blending of Methanol with gasoline to reduce emissions

and import burden;

v Requirement of PUC Certificate for Vehicle insurance/ renewal of Insurance.

v Emission Standards for Construction Equipment Vehicles and Tractors notified.

7.10 Road safety is another major issue that road transport is grappling with. The absolute
number of road fatalities remains very large. During calendar year 2017, road
accidents claimed 1,47,913 lives and caused injury of 4,70,975 persons, which though
lesser than 2016, still remain high. Several initiatives have been taken by MORTH
including awareness campaigns, training of Drivers through setting up of Model
Driving training Institutes, setting up of Model Automated Centres for checking
fitness of Vehicles, Road Safety audits, installation of crash barriers, identification and
rectification of Black Spots, Road safety audits, installation of crash barriers etc.

7.11 To improve road transport efficiency - ease of transport; barrier free freight movement;
enhancing the customer experience - E-tolling (Electronic Toll Collection) through
Radio Frequency Identification Technology (RFIT) has been introduced to be
extended throughout the country on National Highway for seamless and hassle-free
traffic movement.

7.12 Incentivising Scrappage of Old Vehicles plying on roads

A large share of pollution is caused by old vehicles plying on the roads. There is a need
for incentivising an age-based fleet modernization programme for old vehicles.
Ministry of Road Transport & Highways (MoRTH) is in the process of formulating a
proposal in this regard.

7.13 The Motor Vehicle (Amendment) Act 2019 has since been enacted and aims to revamp
the road transportation rules and improve road safety through steps such as imposition
of stiff penalties for traffic rule violations, electronic monitoring of the same,
enhanced penalties for juvenile driving, cashless treatment during the golden hour,
computerisation/automation of vehicle fitness and driving tests, recall of defective
vehicles, extending the scope of third party liability and payment of increased

31
 compensation for hit and run cases . Also, as per the amended Motor Vehicle Act 2019,
to be implemented from 1.9.2019, all state registers for Motor Vehicles and issue of
Driving licenses will have to be subsumed under the National register for Motor
Vehicles and issue of Driving licenses.

32
ANNEXURES
 Vehicular Population per 1,000 Population and per 100 kms of National Highway & Road Length : 2001-2017

Population of Number of Registered Motor Vehicles Length of Length of all Registered Motor Vehicles per Total Registered Total Registered
India (in (in thousands) National Roads (in km) 1,000 Population Motor Vehicle per Motor Vehicle
Year thousands) Highways (in 100Km of National per 100Km of
km) Highways Road Length

Total Cars Buses Total Cars Buses

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

2001 10,28,610 54,991 5,297 533 57,737 33,73,520 53.46 5.15 0.52 95,244 1630

2002 10,45,547 58,924 5,748 519 58,112 34,26,600 56.36 5.50 0.50 1,01,397 1720

2003 10,62,388 67,007 6,594 565 58,112 35,28,654 63.07 6.21 0.53 1,15,307 1899

2004 10,79,117 72,718 7,267 594 65,569 36,21,507 67.39 6.73 0.55 1,10,903 2008

2005 10,95,722 81,499 8,073 678 65,569 38,09,156 74.38 7.37 0.62 1,24,295 2140

2006 11,12,186 89,618 9,110 762 66,590 38,80,651 80.58 8.19 0.69 1,34,582 2309

2007 11,28,521 96,707 10,146 1,098 66,590 40,16,401 85.69 8.99 0.97 1,45,228 2408

2008 11,44,734 1,05,353 11,200 1,157 66,754 41,09,592 92.03 9.78 1.01 1,57,823 2564

2009 11,60,813 1,14,951 12,366 1,206 70,548 44,71,510 99.03 10.65 1.04 1,62,940 2571

2010 11,76,742 1,27,746 13,749 1,177 70,934 45,82,439 108.56 11.68 1.00 1,80,091 2788

2011 11,92,506 1,41,866 15,467 1,238 70,934 46,76,838 118.96 12.97 1.04 1,99,997 3033

2012 12,08,116 1,59,491 17,570 1,297 76,818 48,65,394 132.02 14.54 1.07 2,07,621 3278

2013 12,23,581 1,81,508 20,503 1,419 79,116 52,31,922 148.34 16.76 1.16 2,29,420 3469

2014 12,38,887 1,90,704 21,672 1,468 91,287 54,02,486 153.93 17.49 1.18 2,08,906 3530

2015 12,54,019 2,10,023 23,808 1,527 97,991 54,72,144 167.48 18.99 1.22 2,14,329 3838

2016 12,68,961 2,30,031 25,635 1,385 1,01,011 56,03,293 181.27 20.20 1.09 2,27,728 4105

2017 12,83,600 2,53,311 28,694 1,340 1,14,158 58,97,671 197.34 22.35 1.04 2,21,895 4295

CAGR 2007-

33
1.3 10.1 11.0 2.0 5.5 3.9 8.7 9.5 0.7 4.3 6.0
2017

Sources: 1. Registered Motor Vehicles - Offices of State Transport Commissioners/UT Administrations.

2. Road Length fom the publication Basic Road Statistics 2016-17, Ministry of Road Transport & Highways
3. Population - Report of the Technical Group on population projections constituted by the National Commission on Population, Office of registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
Annexure 1.1
 Annexure 1.2

Production of Motor Vehicles in India: 2007-08 to 2017-18

34
 Sales of Motor Vehicles in India (Including Exports): 2007-08 to 2017-18

35
Annexure 1.3
 Annexure 1.4

Exports of Motor Vehicles by India : 2007-08 to 2017-18

36
 Annexure 1.5

Number of Buses Owned by the Public and Private Sectors in India: 1961-2017

37
Annexure 1.6
Freight and Passenger Movement by Road Transport:1999-2000 to 2016-17

Note: 1. In respect of freight movement, the figure from 1999-2000 to 2003-04 are from earlier publication of RTYBs, figure for the year 2004-05 is
from report of National Transport Development Policy Committee, 2014 and figure from 2005-06 to 2016-17 have been estimated by Transport
Research Wing, Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, Government of India on the basis of actual GDP growth rate and elasticity of freight traffic
(1.4) estimated by the National Transport Development Policy Committee, 2014. Formula : (previous year freight movement figure)x(1+(gdp
growth rate X elasticity of Freight movement)
2. In respect of Passenger movement, the figure from 1999-2000 to 2005-06 are from earlier publication of RTYBs, figure for the year 2006-07 is
from report of National Transport Development Policy Committee, 2014 and figure from 2007-08 to 2016-17 are estimated by Transport Research
Wing, Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, Government of India on the basis of actual GDP growth rate and elasticity of Passenger movement
(1.9) estimated by the National Transport Development Policy Committee, 2014. Formula : (previous year passenger movement figure)x(1+(gdp
growth rate X elasticity of passenger movement)
3. GDP growth rate ( at constant prices) have been adopted from the press note on " FIRST REVISED ESTIMATES OF NATIONAL INCOME,
CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE, SAVING AND CAPITAL FORMATION FOR 2017-18" and the figures for the years 2012-13 onwards have
been revised.
Formula : (previous year passenger movement figure)x(1+(gdp growth rate X elasticity of passenger movement)

38
 Number of Valid Drivers' Licences Issued as on 31.3.2017 (Cummulative)

39
Annexure 1.7
 Number of Drivers' Licences Issued during the Year 2016-17 (Incremental)
Annexure 1.8

40
 Annexure 1.9

Number of Conductors' Licences Issued as on 31.3.2017 and during 2016-17

41
Annexure 2.1

Total Number of Registered Motor Vehicles in India: 1951-2017

42
 Annexure 2.1

Total Number of Registered Motor Vehicles in India: 1951-2017

Cont.

43
Annexure 2.2

Number of Newly Registered and Total Registered Motor Vehicles (Category-wise) 2016-17
All States & UTs

44
 Annexure 2.3

45
Annexure 3.1

46
 Annexure 3.2
Total Registered Motor Vehicles in India 2007-2017 (State-Wise)
(Figures as on 31st March of respective years)
(in thousands)

47
Annexure 3.3a

Annexure 3.3(a)- State/UT wise and category wise number of Registered

Transport Motor Vehicles during 2016-17 & till 31.3.2017

48
 Annexure 3.3(b)- State/UT wise and category wise number of Newly Registered (Transport) Motor Vehicles during 2016-17

49
Annexure 3.3b
 Annexure 3.3(c)- State/UT wise and category wise number of Newly Registered (Non-Transport)
Motor Vehicles during 2016-17
Annexure 3.3c

50
 Annexure 3.3(d)- State/UT wise and category wise number of Total Registered (Transport) Motor Vehicles as on 31.3.2017

51
Annexure 3.3d
Annexure 3.3e

Annexure 3.3(e)- State/UT wise and category wise number of Total Registered (Non-Transport)
Motor Vehicles as on 31.3.2017

52
 Annexure 3.4
Total Bus Fleet and Buses in Public Sector (SRTUs) (State-wise)
(As on 31st March, 2013-2017)

53
Annexure 3.5

54
 Number of Commercial Vehicles in Use (detailed category-wise/ State-wise) as per Primary Permit Valid as on 31.3.2017

55
Annexure 3.6
Annexure 4.1
Total Registered Motor Vehicles (Transport and Non-Transport) in Million Plus Cities of India
(as on 31.3.2017)

56
 Annexure 4.2

Total Registered Motor Vehicles (Transport ) in Million Plus Cities of India

(As on 31st March, 2017)

Cont.

57
Annexure 4.2 Contd...
Total Registered Motor Vehicles (Non-Transport ) in Million Plus Cities of India
(As on 31st March, 2017)

58
 Annexure 4.3
Total Registered Motor Vehicles In Million Plus Cities of India (2006-2017)
(as on 31st March)

59
 Annexure 5.1

60
Revenue Realised from Road Transport (Centre): 2009-10 to 2016-17
 Annexure 5.2
Revenue Realised from Road Transport (States): 1950-51 to 2016-17

61
Annexure 5.3

Revenue from Taxes on Motor Vehicle and Passenger & Goods and Percentage Share of States/UTs

62
 Annexure 5.4

Comparison of fee received in National Permit Account by States / UTs during 2009-10 to 2016-17

A+B

63
 Annexure 5.5

64
State/UT-wise Rates of Motor Vehicle Taxes
 Annexure 5.5
Cont.

65
Annexure 5.5
Cont.

66
 Annexure 5.5
Cont.

67
Annexure 5.5
Cont.

68
 Annexure 5.5
Cont.

69
Annexure 5.5
Cont.

70
 Annexure 5.5
Cont.

71
Annexure 5.5
Cont.

72
 Annexure 5.5
Cont.

73
Annexure 5.5
Cont.

74
 Annexure 5.5
Cont.

75
Annexure 5.5
Cont.

76
 Annexure 5.5
Cont.

77
Annexure 5.5
Cont.

78
 Annexure 5.5
Cont.

79
Annexure 5.5
Cont.

80
 Annexure 5.5
Cont.

81
Annexure 5.5
Cont.

82
 Annexure 5.5
Cont.

83
Annexure 5.5
Cont.

84
 Annexure 5.5
Cont.

85
Annexure 5.5
Cont.

86
 Annexure 5.5
Cont.

87
Annexure 5.5
Cont.

88
 Annexure 5.5
Cont.

89
Annexure 5.5
Cont.

90
 Annexure 5.5
Cont.

91
Annexure 5.5
Cont.

92
 Annexure 5.5
Cont.

93
Annexure 5.5
Cont.

94
 Annexure 5.5
Cont.

95
Annexure 5.5
Cont.

96
 Annexure 5.5
Cont.

97
Annexure 5.5
Cont.

98
 Annexure 5.5
Cont.

99
Annexure 5.5

100
 Appendix

GLOSSARY OF IMPORTANT TERMS

101
102
103