Ingles I - Resumen

Present Simple

Acciones habituales, afirmaciones o hechos universales, situación largas.
Hobbies, rutina.

She-He-It → Verb → S/Es
I-They-We → Verb

Se interroga con Do-Does.

Frequency adverbs → Always, usually, sometimes, never.

Present Continuous

Acciones que estamos haciendo.

She-He-It → Is → Verb + Ing
I → Am → Verb + Ing
You-They-We → Are → Verb + Ing

Verbos usados con frecuencia en Present Continuous: Like, love, hate, want,
need, prefer, know, realize, suppose, mean, understand, believe, remember,
belong, contain, depend, seem.

Think → When think means believe, do not use present continuous. Ex. What
do you think will happen?
But → What are you thinking about?

Have → When have means possess, do not use the continuous. Ex. We have a
nice room.
But → We are having a great time.

See-Hear-Smell-Taste: Normally we use Present Simple with these verbs.

When see means having a meting with in the future use Present Continuous
→ Ex. I'm seeing the manager tomorrow.

Simple past

References: Yesterday, ago, last (ex. last week). The preposition: On, from,
for, in, to.

Past Continuous

Acciones y situaciones que empezaron en el pasado pero no terminaron. “I was
in the middle of doing something at a certain time”

We often use the past simple and the past continuous together to say that
something happened in the middle of something else. Ex. Matt phoned while
we were having dinner.

Know and want are not normally used in the continuous.

Present Perfect.

We often explain a present situation by saying what has happened. Ex. Why
are you late? - I´ve lost my watch.

Statement: Subj + have-has + past participle

I-you-we- they → Have
He-She-It → Has

Negatives: Subj + Haven't - Hasn't + Past Participle

Questions: Have - Has + Subj + Past Participle?

Have I-You-We-They eaten pizzas?
Has He-She-It left?

Been and gone → Kate has been = She’s at home now
Kate has gone to school = She’s not at home

Ever - Never → - Have you ever seen a lion? - I´ve never seen a lion.
Just → - Is Peter here? - No, he's just gone

Yet → With negatives and questions. I haven’t finished yet.
Have you finished your homework yet?

Already → With statements. I’ve already eaten
Since → I’ve lived in this town since 2008. I live here now (2008 is the time I
started living here)
For → I’ve lived in this house for three years. I live here now. (Three years
is the period of time I’ve lived here)

Going to and Will

I’m going to do something = I have already decided to do it, i intend to do it.
Ex. “This cheese smells horrible. I’m not going to eat it” “Sarah is going to
buy a new car”

You can also say that something is going yo happen in the future.
Ex. The man isn’t looking where he is going.
He is going to walk into the wall
Look at those black clouds! It’s going to rain.

I’m doing vs I’m going to

★ We use I am doing (present continuous) when we say what we have
arranged to do.
★ I am going to do something = I have decided to do it, but perhaps not
arranged to do it

Will → We use will to announce a new decision
Ex. - Let’s have a party
- That’s a great idea. We’ll invite lots of people

Will vs I’m going to

Gary phoned while you were out:

1. Ok. I’ll call him back
2. Yes, I know. I’m going to call him back

We use both will and going to, to predict future happenings and situations.
Ex. I think the weather will be nice later or I thing the weather is going to be
nice later.

When we say something is going to happen, we know this from the situation
now. Ex. I feel terrible. I think I’m going to be sick.
Do not use will in this type of situations

Could

We use could (not can) to say that something (a situation or a happening) is
possible now or in the future. The meaning is similar to might or may.
Ex. The story could be true, but i don’t think it is.
She could get here at any time.

Can vs Could
★ The weather can change very quickly in the mountains → In general
★ The weather is nice now, but it could change → Now, not in general

Couldn’t → We use couldn’t to say something would not be possible. Ex. I
couldn’t live in a big city. I’d hate it.

May and Might

We use may and might to talk about possible actions or happenings in the
future:

★ I haven’t decided yet where to go on holiday. I may go to Ireland
(perhaps I will go there)
★ Take an umbrella with you. It might rain later (perhaps it will rain)

The negative forms are may not and might not - mightn´t

Structure: Sub + May - Might + (not) + verbs

Will vs May-Might

I’ll be late for dinner (for sure)
I may-might be late for dinner (perhaps)

We only use might when the situation is not real.
Ex. If they paid me better, I might work harder
They situation here is not real because they do not pay me well, so I’, not
going to work harder.

Modals of obligation

Rule → Have to or Must
Advice or recommendation → Should
It’s necessary → Need to
It isn’t allowed → Mustn´t
Strong advice not to → Shouldn’t
It isn’t necessary → Don’t have to or don’t need to
Must or have to → We usually use must when we make the rule ourselves,
and have to when it’s a general rule. So must and mustn’t can seem impolite.
Use have to or should when talking to people you don’t know well.

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Present Simple

Going to and Will

May and Might

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