Hazard Management
Hazard Management
Hazard Management
MANAGEMENT
Overview:
• What are hazards and risks
• The hazard management (SAFER) process
• Types of hazards
• Risk assessment
• Hierarchy of control
2
Hazard – means … the potential to cause injury or
illness (OHSW Regulations 1995)
A hazard is a source or a situation with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill
health, damage to the business, the environment or a combination of these
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Risk – means… the probability and consequences
of injury or illness (OHSW Regulations 1995)
A risk is the likelihood that the hazard will cause injury or illness.
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Hazard Management
Hazard management is a process to systematically reduce the level of risk in the workplace through hazard
identification, risk assessment and control.
Levels of responsibility:
Managers are responsible to establish, maintain and evaluate the overall hazard management system.
Supervisors are responsible for implementation and monitoring of the hazard management system.
Employees need to be involved in hazard management – this includes identifying and reporting hazards.
The SAFER approach to hazard management ….
SEE IT Identify the Hazard
EVALUATE IT Evaluation
REVIEW IT Review
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Hazard Management
IDENTIFYING HAZARDS
ASSESSING RISK
CONTROLLING RISK
REVIEWING THE CONTROLS
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See It – Identifying Hazards …
7 p.1, 5 -10
See It - Types of Hazards…
Mechanical & Electrical Physical
8 p.3
Assess It – Why Bother Assessing Risks ...
Once hazards are identified it is necessary to determine the level of impact they may
pose to the health, safety and welfare of people and to the business.
Risk assessment is the process of:
evaluating the probability and
consequences of injury or illness arising
from exposure to an identified hazard or
hazards.
O LS
TO
9 p.5
Assess It – What are the Steps …
There are 3 main steps in assessing risk using a matrix approach;
STEP 1 - CONSEQUENCES:
Identify the most likely outcome of a potential accident
Insignificant No injuries, low financial loss
Minor First aid treatment, on-site release immediately contained, medium financial loss
Moderate Medical treatment required, on-site release contained without outside assistance, high financial loss
Major Extensive injuries, loss of production capability, off-site release with no detrimental effects, major financial
loss
Catastrophic Death, toxic release off-site with detrimental effect, huge financial loss
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Assess It – Definitions …
STEP 2 - LIKELIHOOD:
Estimate the likelihood that the accident will occur
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Assess It – What are the Steps …
STEP 3:
Using the table “The Risk Rating Matrix” find the risk level that links the
consequences and the likelihood Consequences
Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic
Repeat these steps for each identified hazard and start to prioritise the risks
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Assess It – Example …
STEP 1: Identify the most
likely outcome of a
potential accident
Consequences
Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic
STEP 2: Estimate Almost High High Very High Very High Very High
Certain
the likelihood that
the accident will
Likelihood
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Assess It – Example …
Forklift truck and people using shared walkways
Use of knives for de-flashing
z Tools left on back stairway
Consequences
Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic
z
Use of knives
for de-flashing Almost High High Very High Very High Very High
is a moderate Shared
Certain Walkways are a
risk
very high risk
Likely Moderate Moderate High Very High Very High
Likelihood
Possible Low Moderate High High Very High
z
Rare Low Low Low Low Moderate
Establishing the context is important when conducting risk assessments as the context may influence both
likelihood and consequence. For instance, in the case of the tools left on the back stairwell - there are only two
steps and the stairs are used rarely. See the case study for more information.
CASE
14 STUDY p.13
Control It – Reasonably Practicable …
Managers are responsible for determining what is appropriate to control the risks, in consultation with employees.
Supervisors are responsible for implementing controls.
Employees are responsible for following the control measures.
In determining what is appropriate to control the risks, consideration should be given to the principles of
reasonableness and practicableness as outlined below.
The concept of reasonably practicable is based on established legal case studies, existing knowledge of methods
to control the hazards and industry standards. For the purposes of hazard management; the following fundamental
approach could be applied.
The four underlying principles in determining a reasonable and practical approach are
•Foreseeability
•Causation
•Preventability
•Reasonableness
Substitution Substitute the hazard with something less hazardous e.g. use a less toxic
cleaning chemical
CASE
16 STUDY p.19
Fix It – Example Risk Control Options …
HAZARD CONTROL
Forklift truck and people using shared walkways………………….... Designate and mark walkways
The company can be prosecuted if there are no plans in place to manage the risk
systematically.
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Fix It - Action Planning …
In order to get things to happen, risk control activities need to be carefully planned.
carried out 1.
2.
J. Bloggs 27/03/03
3.
• Completion Date 4.
5.
The sample ‘Action Plan’ included in the OHSMS tools can be used to plan risk control activities
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Evaluate It – Check the effectiveness of risk controls…
Things to consider:
• Check that risk controls are effective (re-assess the risk to determine what effect
the risk control has had)
• Check that new hazards haven’t been introduced into the workplace
• Check that general changes in the workplace haven’t created more hazards
• Check that updates to the legislation are taken into consideration
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Evaluate It – Example of Checking Controls…
It is important to check how well the control has minimised the risk…
Risk – Use of knives for de-flashing
z Control – Improved maintenance reduced de-flashing so knives only used rarely now
Consequences
Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic
z
Almost High High Very High Very High Very High
Use of knives for de- Certain
flashing was a moderate risk Likely Moderate Moderate High Very High Very High
Likelihood
Possible Low Moderate High High Very High
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Review It – How is the Hazard Management Process Working …
See it
Assess it
Fix it
Evaluate it
Review it O LS
TO
21 p.12
Additional Resources …
22