CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Subject: ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

Submitted to: Submitted by:

M! Hi"#i$e"# M%&u N%y%& K%&'%

Ro(( &o!) *+,

-,t# Seme"te.

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 ACKNOWLED/EMENT

I am very than!u" t# every#ne $h# ha% %u&&#rte' me( !#r I have c#m&"ete' my &r#ject e!!ect)ve"y an'
m#re#ver #n t)me* I am e+ua""y grate!u" t# Mr* ,r)%h)e%h Manu* ,e gave me the %u&&#rt an' gu)'e'
me )n ')!!erent matter% regar')ng th)% t#&)c* ,e ha% been very )n' an' &at)ent $h)"e %ugge%t)ng me the
#ut")ne% #! th)% &r#ject an' c#rrect)ng my '#ubt% I than h)m !#r h)% #vera"" %u&&#rt* I am than!u" t#
my !r)en'% $h# have he"&e' me !)n' #ut re"evant mater)a"% !#r my &r#ject*

La%t but n#t the "ea%t( I $#u"' ")e t# than my &arent% a% they have he"&e' me a "#t )n gather)ng
')!!erent )n!#rmat)#n( c#""ect)ng 'ata an' gu)')ng me* I a"%# than my !r)en'% $h# $ere there $)th
the)r %ugge%t)#n% an' c#mment% !#r my &r#ject*

NAYAN KANWAR 

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 CONTENTS

INTRO./0TION***************************************************************************************************************************
0ha&ter 1: Ec#n#m)c 'eve"#&ment an' the env)r#nment****************************************************************2

0ha&ter -: Su%ta)nab)")ty an' )t% h)%t#r)ca" 'eve"#&ment**************************************************************1-

0ha&ter 3: Pr)nc)&"e% #! Su%ta)nab"e .eve"#&ment***********************************************************************12

0ha&ter : Mu"t)&"e .)men%)#n% #! Su%ta)nab"e .eve"#&ment*****************************************************-

0ha&ter 4: Su%ta)nab)")ty 5 The )'ea6% v)ab)")ty 5 'ream #r rea")ty7*********************************************-2

0#nc"u%)#n*************************************************************************************************************************************-8

9)b")#gra&hy**********************************************************************************************************************************31

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 RESEARCH METHODOLO/Y

Met#od o0 Re"e%1#:

#r the &ur&#%e #! re%earch( the re%earcher ha% u%e' the .#ctr)na" Meth#' #! Re%earch* The Re%earch
)% ent)re"y a L)brary;ba%e' Re%earch( $here the re%earcher ha% ma'e u%e #! b##%( "a$ j#urna"%(
maga<)ne%( "a$ re&#rt%( "eg)%"at)#n%( )nternet $eb%)te%( etc*( !#r the &ur&#%e #! re%earch*

Hy2ot#e"i":

The re%earcher be")eve% that %u%ta)nab"e 'eve"#&ment )% n#t a g#a"( but an #n;g#)ng &r#ce%% an' thu%
c#nt)nu#u% e!!#rt% are nee'e' t# %ave the env)r#nment*

Aim" %&d Ob3e1ti4e":

The &r#ject re%earch $#r #n the t#&)c %u%ta)nab"e 'eve"#&ment a)m% t# un'er%tan' the c#nce&t an'
')!!erent )%%ue% re"ate' t# )t* Re"evant ca%e% an' ca%e "a$% $)"" a"%# be re!erre' !#r better un'er%tan')ng
#! the t#&)c*

Sou1e" o0 D%t%:

9#th &r)mary an' %ec#n'ary %#urce% are u%e' !#r c#""ect)#n #! the re"evant 'ata:

• 9##%
• 9are act
• Internet

Met#od o0 Witi&5:

The meth#' #! $r)t)ng !#""#$e' )n the c#ur%e #! th)% re%earch &a&er )% &r)mar)"y ana"yt)ca"*

Mode o0 Cit%tio&

The re%earcher ha% !#""#$e' the b"ueb## meth#' #! c)tat)#n thr#ugh#ut the c#ur%e #! th)%
re%earch &a&er*

|P a g e
 INTRODUCTION

The c#nce&t #! %u%ta)nab"e 'eve"#&ment ar)%e% !r#m a ne$ $#r"'v)e$( $h)ch %ee% the %urv)va"(
c#nt)nue' &r#gre%%( an' ma)ntenance #! the human c#mmun)ty a% 'e&en'ent #n the c#nt)nue'
hea"th an' v)ab)")ty #! the earth6% ")!e %u&&#rt %y%tem%* The term =%u%ta)nab)")ty> 'er)ve% !r#m the
Lat)n r##t %u%;t)nere( $h)ch mean% t# =un'er;h#"'> #r h#"' u& !r#m un'erneath( )
m&"y)ng r#bu%tne%% an' 'urab)")ty #ver t)me* Acc#r')ng"y( %u%ta)nab)")ty 'e&)ct% a &ara')gm that
%ee% t#
1
 &r#tect the &"anet6% ")!e %u&&#rt %y%tem% t# en%ure "#ngev)ty !#r human% an' #ther %&ec)e%*

Su%ta)nab)")ty )% re"ate' t# the +ua")ty #! ")!e )n a c#mmun)ty ;; $hether the ec#n#m)c( %#c)a" an'
env)r#nmenta" %y%tem% that mae u& the c#mmun)ty are &r#v)')ng a hea"thy(
&r#'uct)ve( mean)ng!u" ")!e !#r a"" c#mmun)ty re%)'ent%( &re%ent an' !uture* ?Su%ta)n? '#e% n#t
mean that n#th)ng ever change%* N#r '#e% )t mean ut#&)a that n#th)ng ba' ever ha&&en%* Su
%ta)nab)")ty )% n#t ab#ut ma)nta)n)ng the %tatu% +u# #r reach)ng &er!ect)#n* A %u%ta)nab"e
c#mmun)ty %ee% t# ma)nta)n an' )m&r#ve the ec#n#m)c( env)r#nmenta" an' %#c)a" character)
%t)c% #! an area %# )t% member% can c#nt)nue t# "ea' hea"thy( &r#'uct)ve( enj#yab"e ")ve% there*
Su%ta)nab)")ty '#e% n#t mean %u%ta)ne' gr#$th* At %#me &#)nt( a %u%ta)nab"e c#mmun)ty %t#&%
gett)ng "arger but c#nt)nue% t# change an' )m&r#ve( t# 'eve"#& )n $ay% that enhance the +ua")ty
#! ")!e !#r a"" )t% )nhab)tant%* Su%ta)nab"e 'eve"#&ment )m&r#ve% the ec#n#my
$)th#ut un'erm)n)ng the %#c)ety #r the env)r#nment* Su%ta)nab"e 'eve"#&ment !#cu%e% #n )
m&r#v)ng #ur ")ve% $)th#ut c#nt)nua""y )ncrea%)ng the am#unt #! energy an' mater)a" g##'% that
$e c#n%ume* A %u%ta)nab"e c#mmun)ty '#e% n#t c#n%ume re%#urce% ;; energy an' ra$
mater)a"% ;; !a%ter than the natura" %y%tem% they c#me !r#m can regenerate them* We are
current"y ")v)ng un%u%ta)nab"e ")ve%* I! $e are n#t care!u" h#$ $e u%e an' ')%&#%e #! re%#urce%(
#ur ch)"'ren( gran'ch)"'ren( an' great;gran'ch)"'ren $)"" have a &##rer( m#re &#""ute' $#r"' t#
")ve )n*

A %u%ta)nab"e c#mmun)ty )% #ne $here 'eve"#&ment )% n#t un")m)te' gr#$th@ rather )t )% the
enhancement #! $hat a"rea'y e)%t% )n the c#mmun)ty* A %u%ta)nab"e c#mmun)ty )% n#t %tagnant@

1 .av)' V*B* 9e"" C Du;uen Ann)e 0hueng( Introduction to Sustainable Development(  B0APS

available at:  htt&:$$$*e#"%%*net%am&"e;cha&ter%c13e1;4*&'!* 

4 |P a g e
%u%ta)nab)")ty '#e% n#t mean th)ng% never change* On the c#ntrary( )t mean% a"$ay% "##)ng !#r 
$ay% t# )m&r#ve a c#mmun)ty by %trengthen)ng the ")n% bet$een )t% ec#n#my( env)r#nment an'
%#c)ety* A %u%ta)nab"e c#mmun)ty )% a"%# n#t a ut#&)a* It )% n#t a c#mmun)ty $here n#th)ng
ever g#e% $r#ng* Su%ta)nab)")ty '#e% n#t mean that bu%)ne%%e% never !a)" #r that &e#&"e
never g# hungry #r that &#""ut)#n never ha&&en%* Su%ta)nab"e mean% that $hen &r#b"em% ar)%e(
$e "## !#r 
%#"ut)#n% that tae )nt# acc#unt a"" three &art% #! the c#mmun)ty )n%tea' #! a&&"y)ng a +u)c !) )n
#ne area that cau%e% &r#b"em% )n an#ther*

W) th the %ummer #! 18F-( St#ch#"m %tage' the !)r%t /N 0#n!erence he"' %&ec)!)ca""y
t# c#n%)'er g"#ba" env)r#nment c#n')t)#n%* 113 c#untr)e% ,ea'% #! State an' h)gh
g#vernment #!!)c)a"% ')%cu%%e' #ver the gr#$)ng env)r#nmenta" )%%ue% #! the $#r"' t# c#me
u& $)th an Act)#n P"an !#r the cure #! the%e unnumbere' &r#b"em%*- It %tarte' a $ar aga)n%t the
'eter)#rat)ng c#n')t)#n% #! the env)r#nment* The $#r"' ha% %)nce then %een a
number #! Internat)#na" 0#nvent)#n% an' b#')e% ")e the Internat)#na" Organ)<at)#n
%( the N#n;G#vernmenta" Organ)<at)#n HNGO% )n the !#rm #! Internat)#na" a% $e"" a%
'#me%t)c "eg)%"at)#n%* 0#untr)e%
)n'e&en'ent"y( t# &r#v)'e a better ")!e t# )t% c)t)<en% have c#me u& $)th numer#u% "eg)%"at)#n t#
gu)'e )n'u%tr)e% an' #ther act)v)t)e% t# be !#""#$e'*

In 182F the 9run't"an' Re&#rt rec#gn)<e' that ec#n#m)c 'eve"#&ment ta)ng &"ace t#'ay
c#u"' n# "#nger c#m&r#m)%e the 'eve"#&ment nee'% #! !uture generat)#n%* Th)% c#nce&t #! %u
%ta)nab"e 'eve"#&ment  a)me' t# enc#urage &e#&"e t# re!"ect #n the harm ec#n#m)c
'eve"#&ment $a% hav)ng #n b#th the env)r#nment an' #n %#c)ety* 9u)"')ng u&#n th)%( the
R)# Earth Summ)t )n 188- re&re%ente' a maj#r %te& !#r$ar' t#$ar'% the g#a" #!
ach)ev)ng %u%ta)nab)")ty( $)th
)nternat)#na" agreement% ma'e #n c")mate change( !#re%t%  an' b)#')ver%)ty* Out #!
the Earth Summ)t came Agen'a -1( a b"ue&r)nt !#r %u%ta)nab)")ty )n the -1%t century* 9y
cham&)#n)ng the c#nce&t #! %u%ta)nab"e 'eve"#&ment( Agen'a -1 &r#v)'e% a !rame$#r !#r
tac")ng t#'ay6% %#c)a" an' env)r#nmenta" &r#b"em%( )nc"u')ng a)r &#""ut)#n(  'e!#re%tat)#n(
b)#')ver%)ty "#%%(  hea"th( #ver&#&u"at)#n( &#verty( energy c#n%um&t)#n( $a%te &r#'uct)#n an'
tran%&#rt )%%ue%*

- I'*

J |P a g e
%erv)ce% !r#m the)r env)r#nmenta" )m&act%* Th)% mean% c#n%um)ng env)r#nmenta" re%#urce% )n a
%u%ta)nab"e manner 5 $hether by )m&r#v)ng the e!!)c)ency #! re%#urce c#n%um&t)#n
#r by a'#&t)ng ne$ &r#'uct)#n techn)+ue% an' &r#'uct 'e%)gn%* It a"%# mean% av#)')ng
breache% )n cr)t)ca" thre%h#"'% bey#n' $h)ch natura" a%%et% cann#t be re&"ace' an' can n# "#nger
%u&&#rt the 'e%)re' "eve" #! ec#n#m)c act)v)ty* E)%t)ng c#mm)tment% t# av#)' 'anger#u%
c")mate change eem&")!y the nee' !#r ab%#"ute 'ec#u&")ng( re+u)r)ng a re'uct)#n )n greenh#u
%e ga% em)%%)#n%( even )n the !ace #! an e&an')ng g"#ba" ec#n#my*

Ec#n#m)c gr#$th )nv#"ve% the c#mb)nat)#n #! ')!!erent ty&e% #! ca&)ta" t# &r#'uce g##'% an'
%erv)ce%* The%e )nc"u'e:
•  &r#'uce' ca&)ta"( %uch a% mach)nery( bu)"')ng% an' r#a'%@
•  human ca&)ta"( %uch a% %)""% an' n#$"e'ge@
• natura" ca&)ta"( !#r eam&"e( ra$ mater)a"% $e etract !r#m the earth( carb#n %e+ue%trat)#n
%erv)ce% &r#v)'e' by !#re%t% an' %#)"%@ an'
• %#c)a" ca&)ta"( )nc"u')ng )n%t)tut)#n% an' t)e% $)th)n c#mmun)t)e%*

 Natura" ca&)ta" )% ')!!erent !r#m #ther ty&e% #! ca&)ta" !#r a number #! rea%#n%* S#me e "ement%
#! natura" ca&)ta" have cr)t)ca" thre%h#"'% bey#n' $h)ch %u''en an' 'ramat)c change% may
#ccur@
%#me have !)n)te ")m)t%@ change% t# natura" ca& )ta" are &#tent)a""y )rrever%)b"e@ an' )m&act% eten'
acr#%% many generat)#n%* There!#re( $h)"e natura" ca&)ta" )% u%e' t# generate gr#$th( )t nee'% t#
 be u%e' %u%ta)nab"y an' e!!)c)ent"y )n #r'er t# %ecure gr#$th )n the "#ng run* Th)%
)% m#%t #bv)#u% )n the c#ntet #! n#n;rene$ab"e re%#urce% %uch a% #)" an' m)nera"%( but the
rate #! c#n%um&t)#n #! rene$ab"e re%#urce% %uch a% !#re%t% an' !)%her)e% an' #! ec#%y%tem %erv)ce%
%uch a% b)#')ver%)ty an' carb#n %e+ue%trat)#n mu%t a"%# be c#n%)'ere' re"at)ve t# the)r rate #!
recharge an' re&"en)%hment an' any cr)t)ca" thre%h#"'% they e h)b)t*4

 Ab%#"ute 'ec#u&")ng #ccur% $hen the env)r#nmenta""y re"evant var)ab"e )% %tab"e #r 'ecrea%)ng
$h)"e the ec#n#my c#nt)nue% t# gr#$*

4 The#'re Pany#te(  Economic Growth and the environment(  - E0ONOMI0

S/RVED O E/ROPE H-3 ava)"ab"e at: htt&:$$
$*unece*#rg!)"ea'm)n.AMea'&ub3-3-c-*&'!* 

8 |P a g e
The !#rmat)#n #! ca&)ta" 5 $hether &r#'uce'( human( %#c)a" #r natura" 5 )% v)ta" !#r ec#n#m)c
gr#$th* .ec")n)ng "eve"% #! %#me natura" a%%et% 5 !#r eam&"e( the u%e #! m)nera"% an' meta"% )n
manu!actur)ng 5 can be acce&tab"e a% "#ng a% the 'ec)%)#n t# 'e&"ete them re!"ect% the rea" c#%t%
#! env)r#nmenta" re%#urce%( ta)ng )nt# acc#unt the)r %carc)ty an' h#$ %ub%t)tutab"e they are( an'
#n"y )! a'e+uate )nve%tment% are ma'e )n #ther ty&e% #! ca&)ta"* ,#$ever( $here env)r#nmenta"
re%#urce% have cr)t)ca" thre%h#"'% bey#n' $h)ch they cann#t be %ub%t)tute' !#r by #ther ty&e%
#! ca&)ta"( )ntervent)#n% t# &revent the%e thre%h#"'% !r#m be)ng ecee'e' mu%t be c#n%)'ere'*J

The r#"e #! env)r#nmenta" &#")cy )% t# manage the &r#v)%)#n an' u%e #! env)r#nmenta" re%#urce%
)n a $ay that %u&&#rt% )m&r#vement% )n &r#%&er)ty an' $e""be)ng( !#r current an'
!uture generat)#n%* There are a number #! rea%#n% $hy g#vernment )ntervent)#n )% nee'e' t#
ach)eve th)%* In &art)cu"ar( maret !a)"ure% )n the &r#v)%)#n an' u%e #! env)r#nmenta" re%#urce%
mean that natura" a%%et% $#u"' be #ver;u%e' )n the ab%ence #! g#vernment )
ntervent)#n* The%e maret
!a)"ure% ar)%e !r#m the &ub")c g##' character)%t)c% #! the natura" env)r#nment@ eterna"6 c#%t% an'
 bene!)t% $here the u%e #! a re%#urce by #ne &arty ha% )m&act% #n #ther%@ ')!!)cu"t)e% )n ca&tur)ng
the !u"" bene!)t% #! bu%)ne%% )nve%tment )n env)r#nmenta" RC.@ an' )n!#rmat)#n !a)"ure%*F

W)"" the $#r"' be ab"e t# %u%ta)n ec#n#m)c gr#$th )n'e!)n)te"y $)th#ut runn)ng )nt# re%#urce
c#n%tra)nt% #r 'e%&#)")ng the env)r#nment bey#n' re&a)r7 What )% the re"at)#n%h)& bet$een a
%tea'y )ncrea%e )n )nc#me% an' env)r#nmenta" +ua")ty7 Are there tra'e;#!!% bet$een the g#a"%
#! ach)ev)ng h)gh an' %u%ta)nab"e rate% #! ec#n#m)c gr#$th an' atta)n)ng h)gh
%tan'ar'% #! env)r#nmenta" +ua")ty7 #r %#me %#c)a" an' &hy%)ca" %c)ent)%t% %uch a% Ge#rge
%cuR#egen2 an' Mea'#$% et a"*( gr#$)ng ec#n#m)c act)v)ty H&r#'uct)#n an' c#n
%um&t)#n re+u)re% "arger )n&ut%

J I'*

FT)m Everett et* a"*(  Economic Growth and the Environment(  - .ERA H-1
available at: htt&%:$$$*g#v*ug#vernmentu&"#a'%%y
%temu&"#a'%attachment'ata!)"eJ8184&b1338; ec#n#m)c;gr#$th;134*&'!* 

2GEORGES0/;ROEGEN( T,E ENTROPD LAW AN. T,E E0ONOMI0 PRO0ESS

H0AM9RI.GE(
,ARVAR. /NIVERSITD PRESS H18F1*

1 | P a g e
#! energy an' mater)a"( an' generate% "arger +uant)t)e% #! $a%te by;&r#'uct%* Increa%e' etract)#n
#! natura" re%#urce%( accumu"at)#n #! $a%te an' c#ncentrat)#n #! &#""utant% $)""
there!#re #ver$he"m the carry)ng ca&ac)ty #! the b)#%&here an' re%u"t )n the 'egra'at)#n #!
env)r#nmenta"
+ua")ty an' a 'ec")ne )n human $e"!are( 'e%&)te r)%)ng )nc#me%*8 urtherm#re( )t )% argue' that
'egra'at)#n #! the re%#urce ba%e $)"" eventua""y &ut ec#n#m)c act)v)ty )t%e"! at r)%* T# %ave the
env)r#nment an' even ec#n#m)c act)v)ty !r#m )t%e"!( ec#n#m)c gr#$th mu%t cea%e an' the $#r"'
mu%t mae a tran%)t)#n t# a %tea'y;%tate ec#n#my*

8 ,* .a"y( Stea'y;%tate Ec#n#m)c% HSan ranc)%c#( reeman C 0#*@ - n' e'* H18FF*

11 | P a g e
c#mm)tment% )n 4 c#ncern area% that $ere bace' u& by &art)cu"ar a'm)n)%trat)#n %tatement% #n
 &r#gram%( an' by &artner%h)& )n)t)at)ve%* The 4 c#ncern area% )nc"u'e' $ater( energy(
hea"th(
!arm)ng an' b)#')ver%)ty* /*S* /n'er Secretary #! State !#r W#r"'$)'e A!!a)r% Pau"a .#br)an%y
)'ent)!)e' /*S*

G#a"% !#r the -- W#r"' 0#n!erence !#r V)ab"e .eve"#&ment HWSS.  )n B#hanne%burg( S* A* *
=The /S &"an% t# $#r )n c#;#&erat)#n $)th eecut)ve%( the n#n;&ub")c %ect#r an' NGO% t# reach
%u&&#rtab"e 'eve"#&ment )n)t)at)ve% t# re'uce the +uant)ty #! !#" gett)ng by $)th#ut c"ean
'r)n)ng $ater@ augment acce%% t# %crub energy( "e%%en hunger an' )ncrea%e rura" &r#'uct)vene%%@
guarantee un)ver%a" acce%% t# ba%)c e'ucat)#n@ %tem AI.S an' re'uce T9 an' ma"ar)a@ an'
manage an' &re%erve !#re%t% an' %ea%*>18

18 htt&:$$$*g"#ba")%%ue%*#rgart)c"e3JJ$#r"';%umm)t;#n;%u%ta)nab"e;'eve"#&ment

12 | P a g e
 C#%2te <: Pi&1i2(e" o0 Su"t%i&%b(e De4e(o2me&t
The Su%ta)nab"e .eve"#&ment Act 'e!)ne% certa)n &r)nc)&"e% that mu%t be )nc#r&#rate' )nt# the
)ntervent)#n% #! a"" 'e&artment% an' agenc)e%* In a %en%e( the%e &r)nc)&"e% are a gu)'e !#r act)#n
$)th)n a &er%&ect)ve #! %u%ta)nab"e 'eve"#&ment* They are an #r)g)na" re!"ect)#n #! the &r)nc)&"e%
#! the R)# .ec"arat)#n #n Env)r#nment an' .eve"#&ment( a !un'amenta" tet that
a!!)rm%
)nternat)#na" c#mm)tment t# %u%ta)nab"e 'eve"#&ment*

The c#nce&t #! %u%ta)nab)")ty )% ba%e' #n the &rem)%e that &e#&"e an' the)r c#mmun)t)e% are ma'e
u& #! %#c)a"( ec#n#m)c( an' env)r#nmenta" %y%tem% that are )n c#n%tant )nteract)#n an' that mu%t
 be e&t )n harm#ny #r ba"ance )! the c#mmun)ty )% t# c#nt)nue t# !unct)#n t# the bene!)t #! )t%
)nhab)tant% n#$ an' )n the !uture* A hea"thy( ba"ance' %#c)ety H#r nat)#n( #r
c#mmun)ty( 'e&en')ng #n the %trength #! #ne6% magn)!y)ng g"a%% )% #ne that can en'ure )nt#
the !uture(
 &r#v)')ng a 'ecent $ay #! ")!e !#r a"" )t% member%)t )% a %u%ta)nab"e %#c)ety* Su%ta)nab)")ty )% an
)'ea" t#$ar' $h)ch t# %tr)ve an' aga)n%t $h)ch t# $e)gh &r#&#%e' act)#n%( &"an%( e&en')ture%(
an' 'ec)%)#n%* It )% a $ay #! "##)ng at a c#mmun)ty #r a %#c)ety #r a &"anet )n the br#a'e%t
 &#%%)b"e c#ntet( )n b#th t)me an' %&ace*-

A"th#ugh )t a'#&t% a br#a' &er%&ect)ve( )n &ract)ce the &ur%u)t #! %u%ta)nab)")ty )% !un'amenta""y a

"#ca" en'eav#r becau%e every c#mmun)ty ha% ')!!erent %#c)a"( ec#n#m)c( an'
env)r#nmenta" nee'% an' c#ncern%* An' )n each c#mmun)ty the +ua")ty( +uant)ty( )m&#rtance(
an' ba"ance #! th#%e c#ncern% )% un)+ue Han' c#n%tant"y chang)ng* #r that rea%#nan'
becau%e the be%t m)t)gat)#n e!!#rt% a"%# ten' t# be "#ca""y ba%e'$e ten' t# %&ea #! %u
%ta)nab)")ty m#%t"y )n term% #! "#ca" act)#n% an' 'ec)%)#n%*

There are %) &r)nc)&"e% #! %u%ta)nab)")ty that can he"& a c#mmun)ty en%ure that )t% %#c)a"(
ec#n#m)c( an' env)r#nmenta" %y%tem% are $e"" )ntegrate' an' $)"" en'ure*-1 We
%h#u"'

- htt&:$$$*"ega"%erv)ce%)n')a*c#mart)c"eart)c"eenv)r#nment;an';%u%ta)nab"e;'eve"#&ment;
1243;1*htm"

-1 htt&:Env)r#centre-4'#$n"#a'%E0OWE91*&'! 

18 | P a g e
remember that( a"th#ugh the ")%t #! &r)nc)&"e% )% u%e!u"( each #! them ha% the &#tent)a" t# #ver"a&
an' )nter;re"ate $)th %#me #r a"" #! the #ther%* A c#mmun)ty #r %#c)ety that $ant% t# &ur%ue
%u%ta)nab)")ty $)"" try t#:

6! M%i&t%i& %&d= i0 2o""ib(e= e&#%&1e= it" e"ide&t"> ?u%(ity o0 (i0e! @u%(ity o0 (i0eo
(i4%bi(itydi00e" 0om 1ommu&ity to 1ommu&ity * It ha% many c#m&#nent%: )nc#me(
e'ucat)#n( hea"th care( h#u%)ng( em&"#yment( "ega" r)ght% #n the #ne han'@ e&#%ure t# cr)me(
 &#""ut)#n( ')%ea%e( ')%a%ter( an' #ther r)%% #n the #ther* One t#$n may be &r#u' #!
)t% %a!e
%treet%( h)gh +ua")ty %ch##"%( an' rura" atm#%&here( $h)"e an#ther th)n% that j#b #&&#rtun)t)e%
an' )t% h)%t#r)ca" her)tage are $hat mae )t an attract)ve &"ace t# ")ve* Each "#ca")ty mu%t 'e!)ne
an' &"an !#r the +ua")ty #! ")!e )t $ant% an' be")eve% )t can ach)eve( !#r n#$ an' !#r !uture
generat)#n%*--

7! E&#%&1e (o1%( e1o&omi1 4it%(ity!  A v)ab"e "#ca" ec#n#my )% e%%ent)a" t# %u%ta)nab)")ty* Th)%
)nc"u'e% j#b #&&#rtun)t)e%( %u!!)c)ent ta ba%e an' revenue t# %u&&#rt g#vernment an' the
 &r#v)%)#n #! )n!ra%tructure an' %erv)ce%( an' a %u)tab"e bu%)ne%% c")mate* A %u%ta)nab"e ec#n#my
)% a"%# ')ver%)!)e'( %# that )t )% n#t ea%)"y ')%ru&te' by )nterna" #r eterna" event% #r ')%a%ter%( an'
%uch an ec#n#my '#e% n#t %)m&"y %h)!t the c#%t% #! ma)nta)n)ng )t% g##' hea"th #nt#
#ther reg)#n% #r #nt# the #cean% #r atm#%&here* N#r )% a %u%ta)nab"e "#ca"
ec#n#my re")ant #n un")m)te' &#&u"at)#n gr#$th( h)gh c#n%um&t)#n( #r n#nrene$ab"e re%#urce
%*

<! Pomote "o1i%( %&d i&te5e&e%tio&%( e?uity * A %u%ta)nab"e c#mmun)ty6% re%#urce% an'
#&&#rtun)t)e% are ava)"ab"e t# every#ne( regar'"e%% #! ethn)c)ty( age( gen'er( cu"tura" bacgr#un'(
re")g)#n( #r #ther character)%t)c%* urther( a %u%ta)nab"e c#mmun)ty '#e% n#t 'e&"ete )t% re%#urce%(
'e%tr#y natura" %y%tem%( #r &a%% a"#ng unnece%%ary ha<ar'% t# )t% great;great;gran'ch)"'ren*

+! M%i&t%i& %&d= i0 2o""ib(e= e&#%&1e= t#e ?u%(ity o0 t#e e&4io&me&t!   A %u

%ta)nab"e c#mmun)ty %ee% )t%e"! a% e)%t)ng $)th)n a &hy%)ca" env)r#nment an' natura" ec#%y%tem
an' tr)e% t# !)n' $ay% t# c#;e)%t $)th that env)r#nment* It '#e% )t% &art by
av#)')ng unnece%%ary

-- The uture We Want*6 Outc#me '#cument #! the /n)te' Nat)#n% 0#n!erence #n Su%ta)nab"e
.eve"#&ment Bune -1-( Para -F*
htt&%:%u%ta)nab"e'eve"#&ment*un*#rgc#ntent'#cument%F33utureWeWant*&'! 

- | P a g e
 CONCLUSION

Su%ta)nab"e 'eve"#&ment )% "arge"y ab#ut &e#&"e( the)r $e"";be)ng( an' e+u)ty )n

the)r re"at)#n%h)&% $)th each #ther( )n a c#ntet $here nature;%#c)ety )mba"ance% can
threaten ec#n#m)c an' %#c)a" %tab)")ty* 9ecau%e c")mate change( )t% 'r)ver%( )t% )m&act%
an' )t% &#")cy re%&#n%e% $)"" )nteract $)th ec#n#m)c &r#'uct)#n an' %erv)ce%( human
%ett"ement% an' human
%#c)et)e%( c")mate change )% ")e"y t# be a %)gn)!)cant !act#r )n the %u%ta)nab"e 'eve"#&ment
#! many area% He*g*( .#$n)ng( --* S)m&"y %tate'( c")mate change ha% the &#tent)a" t# a!!ect
many a%&ect% #! human 'eve"#&ment( &#%)t)ve"y #r negat)ve"y( 'e&en')ng #n the ge#gra&h)c
"#cat)#n( the ec#n#m)c %ect#r( an' the "eve" #! ec#n#m)c an' %#c)a" 'eve"#&ment a"rea'y
atta)ne' He*g*( regar')ng &art)cu"ar vu"nerab)")t)e% #! the &##r( %ee .#$ an' W)"ban%
( -3* 9ecau%e
%ett"ement% an' )n'u%try are #!ten !#ca" &#)nt% !#r b#th m)t)gat)#n an' a'a&tat)#n &#")cy;ma)ng
an' act)#n( the%e )nteract)#n% are ")e"y t# be at the heart #! many )n'% #! 'eve"#&ment;#r)ente'
re%&#n%e% t# c#ncern% ab#ut c")mate change*

Rec#mmen'at)#n%:

1* .eve"#&)ng nat)#n% mu%t a""y t#gether %# a% t# neg#t)ate e+ua""y $)th the a"")e' )
m&er)a" center%*

-* There mu%t be e+ua" &ay !#r e+ua""y;&r#'uct)ve $#r t# &r#v)'e r#ugh"y e+ua" buy)ng
 &#$er re"at)ve t# the ta"ent% an' energy e&en'e' t# a"" $h# are em&"#ye'*

3* Shar)ng th#%e &r#'uct)ve j#b% $#u"' me"t the )nv)%)b"e ec#n#m)c b#r'er% $h)ch
current"y gu)'e the $ea"th )nt# the han'% #! #n"y the a'e+uate"y &a)'* Each em&"#yab"e
&er%#n n#$ nee' $#r #n"y t$# t# three 'ay% &er $ee*

* E")m)nat)#n #! the %ubt"e m#n#&#")<at)#n% #! "an'( techn#"#gy( !)nance ca&)ta"( an'

)n!#rmat)#n HPart IV( ut)")<)ng ,enry Ge#rge6% &r)nc)&"e% #! conditional t)t"e t# nature6%
$ea"th( $)"" re%tructure m#n#&#"y ca&)ta")%m t# democratic-cooperative-(superefficient-

3- | P a g e
 capitalism an' )ncrea%e ec#n#m)c an' %#c)a" e!!)c)ency e+ua" t# the )nvent)#n #! m#ney(
the &r)nt)ng &re%%( an' e"ectr)c)ty*

4* A''re%%)ng &#&u"at)#n )%%ue% an' %u%ta)nab"e 'eve"#&ment $)"" a"ert the c)t)<enry*

BIBLIO/RAPHY
Ati1(e"

1* .av)' V*B* 9e"" C Du;uen Ann)e 0hueng( Intr#'uct)#n t# Su%ta)nab"e

.eve"#&ment( B0APS ava)"ab"e at: htt&:$$$*e#"%%*net%am&"e;cha&ter%c13e1;4*&'!* 
-* ,* .a"y( Stea'y;%tate Ec#n#m)c% HSan ranc)%c#( reeman C 0#*@ -n' e'* H18FF*
3* The#'re Pany#te( Ec#n#m)c Gr#$th an' the env)r#nment( - E0ONOMI0
S/RVED O
E/ROPE H-3* htt&:$$$*unece*#rg!)"ea'm)n.AMea'&ub3-3-c-*&'!*
* T)m Everett et* a"*( Ec#n#m)c Gr#$th an' the Env)r#nment( - .ERA H-1 ava)"ab"e at:
htt&%:$$$*g#v*ug#vernmentu&"#a'%%y%temu&"#a'%attachment'ata!)"eJ8184&b1338
;ec#n#m)c;gr#$th;134*&'!* 

Web"ite":

1* /n)te' Nat)#n% 0#n!erence #n Su%ta)nab"e .eve"#&ment( ,)%t#ry #! Su

%ta)nab"e
.eve"#&ment ava)"ab"e at: htt&:$$$*unc%'-1-*#rgh)%t#ry*htm"*
-* htt&:$$$*a%e*tu!t%*e'ug'ae&ub")cat)#n%tetb##%jhtetch-*&'!* 
3* $$
$*$#r"'ban*#rg

Boo$":

1* 0a&ra( * /nc#mm#n W)%'#m( L#n'#n: #ntana* H1822*

-* Ge#rge%cu;R#egen( The Entr#&y La$ An' The Ec#n#m)c Pr#ce%% H0ambr)'ge(
,arvar'
/n)ver%)ty Pre%% H18F1*
3* P* eyeraben'( are$e"" t# Rea%#n( Ne$ D#r: 9#$er H182F*
* S* G##nat)"ae( Ab#rte' .)%c#very: Sc)ence an' 0reat)v)ty )n the Th)r' W#r"'( L#n'#n: e'
9##% H182*

33 | P a g e
4* Tatyana .* S#ubb#t)na( 9ey#n' Ec#n#m)c Gr#$th 5 An Intr#'uct)#n T# Su
%ta)nab"e
.eve"#&ment( -n' E'* H-*

3 | P a g e