Project Environment Law

DR.
RAM MANOHAR LOHIYA

NAT
NATIONAL LAW
LAW UNIVERSITY,
LUCKNOW
PROJECT
ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMEN T LAW
LAW
Project : Role of Judiciary in Environmental

“ Environmental Protection
Protection”
Submitted by: Unde t!e "uid#n$e %&:
Ni'e(! y#d#) M. Vi*in

Vi*in Y#
Y#d#)
Seme(te +t! -#$u'ty %& '#/0
Se$ti%n+A D. RMLNLU
R%'' n%. 12 Lu$3n%/

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
On t!e $%m*'eti%n %& t!i( *%4e$t, I /%u'd 'i3e t% *'#$e %n e$%d my (in$ee "#titude
t%/#d( #'' t!%(e *e%*'e /!% !#)e been im*%t#nt in it( m#3in". i(t'y I /%u'd 'i3e t% t!#n3,
5%&. Vi*in Y#d#) (i &% "i)in" me (u$! #n intee(tin" t%*i$ t% e(e#$! #nd &% !e'*in" me
/it! t!e e(e#$! *%$e(( #nd &% #'/#y( #ttendin" #'' my 6ueie( #nd d%ubt( %n t!e (#me. I
t!#n3 t!em &% #'' t!e (u**%t #nd en$%u#"ement /it!%ut /!i$! t!e $%m*'eti%n %& t!i(
*%4e$t /%u'd n%t !#)e been *%((ib'e.
And '#(t but n%t t!e 'e#(t7 I t!#n3 my &#mi'y #nd &iend( &% (u**%tin" me t!%u"!%ut in #''
my ende#)%u(.
CHAPTERISATION
8. Int%du$ti%n999999999999999999999999. +;
<. En)i%nment#' L#/ in Indi#99999999999999999.... =+1
>. ?udi$i#' A$ti)i(m in En)i%nment @ R%'e %& 5ub'i$ Intee(t Liti"#ti%n9.. 1+82
. E&&e$t( %& ?udi$i#y in En)i%nment#' L#/ #nd En&%$ement99999.. 82+8
;. C%n$'u(i%n9999999999999999999999999. 8+8;
=. ib'i%"#*!y999999999999999999999999... 8;
INTRODUCTION
BM#n !#( t!e &und#ment#' i"!t t% &eed%m, e6u#'ity #nd #de6u#te $%nditi%n( %& 'i&e,
in #n en)i%nment %& # 6u#'ity t!#t *emit( # 'i&e %& di"nity #nd /e'' bein" #nd !e be#( #
(%'emn e(*%n(ibi'ity t% *%te$t #nd im*%)e t!e en)i%nment &% *e(ent #nd &utue
"ene#ti%n . Ri"!t t% /!%'e(%me en)i%nment i( # &und#ment#' i"!t *%te$ted unde Ati$'e
<8 %& t!e C%n(tituti%n %& Indi#. ut t!e '#$3 %& #/#ene(( #nd in&#(tu$tue m#3e(
im*'ement#ti%n %& m%(t. In Indi# en)i%nment#' '#/ !#( (een $%n(ide#b'e de)e'%*ment in
t!e '#(t t/% de$#de(. M%(t %& t!e *in$i*'e( unde /!i$! en)i%nment#' '#/ /%3( in Indi#
$%me /it!in t!i( *ei%d. T!e de)e'%*ment %& t!e '#/( in t!i( #e# !#( (een # $%n(ide#b'e
(!#e %& initi#ti)e by t!e Indi#n 4udi$i#y, *#ti$u'#'y t!e !i"!e 4udi$i#y, $%n(i(tin" %& t!e
Su*eme C%ut %& Indi#, #nd t!e Hi"! C%ut( %& t!e St#te(. T!e %'e %& t!e #dmini(t#ti%n,
#'t!%u"! # $iti$#' &#$t% in t!e (u$$e(( %& #ny en)i%nment#' m#n#"ement *%"#mme, !#(
(een it( (!#e %& *%b'em( %& ($#'e #nd de&initi%n. T!e e((en$e %& t!e ei(tin" '#/ e'#tin" t%
t!e en)i%nment !#( de)e'%*ed t!%u"! 'e"i('#ti)e #nd 4udi$i#' initi#ti)e.
T!e en)i%nment#' *%b'em( in Indi# #e "%/in" #*id'y. T!e in$e#(in" e$%n%mi$
de)e'%*ment #nd # #*id'y "%/in" *%*u'#ti%n t!#t !#( t#3en t!e $%unty &%m >22 mi''i%n
*e%*'e in 8 t% m%e t!#n %ne bi''i%n *e%*'e t%d#y i( *uttin" # (t#in %n t!e en)i%nment,
in&#(tu$tue #nd t!e $%untyF( n#tu#' e(%u$e(. Indu(ti#' *%''uti%n, (%i' e%(i%n,
de&%e(t#ti%n, #*id indu(ti#'iG#ti%n, ub#niG#ti%n, #nd '#nd de"#d#ti%n #e #'' /%(enin"
*%b'em(. O)e e*'%it#ti%n %& t!e $%unty( e(%u$e( be it '#nd % /#te #nd t!e
indu(ti#'iG#ti%n *%$e(( !#( e(u'ted en)i%nment#' de"#d#ti%n %& e(%u$e(. En)i%nment#'
*%''uti%n i( %ne %& t!e m%(t (ei%u( *%b'em( &#$in" !um#nity #nd %t!e 'i&e &%m( %n %u
*'#net t%d#y.
T%d#y, m%(t di($u((i%n( %n en)i%nment#'i(m in %u $%unty be"in /it! t!e
St%$3!%'m C%n&een$e -8<0. ut, (%me #n$ient tet( te'' u( t!#t %u (%$iety *#id m%e
#ttenti%n t% *%te$tin" t!e en)i%nment t!#n /e $#n im#"ine. T!e(e tet( te'' u( t!#t it /#( t!e
d!#m# %& e#$! indi)idu#' in (%$iety t% *%te$t N#tue, (% mu$! (% t!#t *e%*'e /%(!i**ed
t!e %b4e$t( %& N#tue. Tee(, /#te, '#nd #nd #nim#'( !#d $%n(ide#b'e im*%t#n$e in %u
#n$ient tet(7 #nd t!e M#nu(miti *e($ibed di&&eent *uni(!ment( &% $#u(in" in4uy
t% *'#nt(. K#uti'y# i( (#id t% !#)e "%ne # (te* &ut!e #nd detemined *uni(!ment( %n
t!e b#(i( %& t!e im*%t#n$e %& # *#ti$u'# *#t %& # tee. %m t!i(, /!#t $%me( in
&%nt %& u( i( t!#t en)i%nment#' m#n#"ement #nd $%nt%' %& *%''uti%n /#( n%t 'imited
%n'y t% #n indi)idu#' % # "%u*, but (%$iety #( # /!%'e #$$e*ted it( duty t% *%te$t t!e
en)i%nment. T!e d!#m# %& *%te$tin" t!e en)i%nment /#( t% (u(t#in #nd en(ue *%"e((
#nd /e'&#e %& #''. T!e e&&%t /#( n%t 4u(t t% *uni(! t!e $u'*it, but t% b#'#n$e t!e e$%+(y(tem
#( /e''. In t!i( #ttem*t, t!e #n$ient tet( #$ted #( $ementin" &#$t%( bet/een t!e i"!t t%
e*'%it t!e en)i%nment #nd # duty t% $%n(e)e it /!i$! i( n%/ inten#ti%n#''y e$%"niGed #(
t!e $%n$e*t %& Su(t#in#b'e De)e'%*mentF. T!e de&initi%n %& en)i%nment in Indi# i( m%e
#nt!%*%$enti$ #nd b%#d, it in$'ude( n%t %n'y (u(t#in#b'e de)e'%*ment but #'(% #i #nd
/#te *%''uti%n, *e(e)#ti%n %& %u &%e(t( #nd /i'd'i&e, n%i(e *%''uti%n #nd e)en t!e
*%te$ti%n %& %u #n$ient m%nument(, /!i$! #e unde"%in" (e)ee (te(( due t% ub#niG#ti%n
#nd $%n(e6uent en)i%nment#' *%''uti%n. C%mmunity e(%u$e( (u$! #( t#n3(, *%nd(, et$.
!#)e n%/ been #ti$u'#ted by t!e Su*eme C%ut &% in$'u(i%n in t!e $%n$e*t %& en)i%nment,
#nd /!y (!%u'd it n%t be (%, $%n(idein" t!ey #'' #&&e$t t!e 6u#'ity #nd en4%yment %& %u 'i&e.
T!u( it i( $'e#'y $%me %ut &%m #'' %& t!e(e #(*e$t( t!#t $%n$en &% en)i%nment i( n%t # ne/
$%n$e*t in Indi# but (ti'' it dem#nd( m%e )i"i'#n$e in t!i( #e# &% t!e de)e'%*ment %&
en)i%nment#' ?ui(*uden$e #nd 4u(ti$e.
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN INDIA

T!e Su*eme $%ut e$%"niGed (e)e#' un#ti$u'#ted 'ibetie( /!i$! /ee im*'ied in
Ati$'e <8 %& t!e $%n(tituti%n 'i3e t!e i"!t t% &ee 'e"#' #((i(t#n$e #nd t!e *i(%ne( t% be
te#ted /it! di"nity /ee e$%"niGed #( *#t %& &und#ment#' i"!t. Su*eme $%ut #'(%
inte*eted t!e i"!t #nd *e(%n#' 'ibety t% in$'ude t!e i"!t t% /!%'e(%me en)i%nment. T!e
m%(t im*%t#nt #$!ie)ement %& t!e Indi#n $%n(tituti%n i( t!e $%n(tituti%n#'i(#ti%n %& t!e
en)i%nment#' *%b'em( by t!e #*e $%ut. e&%e t!e ye# %& 812, t!ee /ee 'e"i('#ti%n
#b%ut $%nt%' %& en)i%nment#' *%''uti%n but 'itt'e !#d been d%ne t% e#''y m#3e *%''uti%n
$%nt%'. ut in t!e *e(ent time t!e Su*eme $%ut %& Indi# e*#nd t!e me#nin" %&
en)i%nment#' Ri"!t. T!e Su*eme $%ut m#3in" inte*et#ti%n /!i$! 'ed t% t!e $e#ti%n %&
ne/ i"!t(. E)entu#''y unde Ati$'e <8, t!i( $%ut !#( $e#ted ne/ i"!t( in$'udin" t!e i"!t
t% !e#'t! #nd *%''uti%n &ee en)i%nment.
In %de t% en&%$e t!e en)i%nment#' '#/( (tin"ent'y, mee mi(+de($i*ti%n #nd te$!ni$#'
&'#/( (!%u'd be di(e"#ded by t!e C%ut(. T!e $e#ti)e %'e %& 4udi$i#y !#( been (i"ni&i$#nt
#nd '#ud#b'e. T!e 4ui(di$ti%n %& t!e C%ut( !#( been e*#nded by /#y %& 5ub'i$ Intee(t
Liti"#ti%n. T!e Su*eme C%ut %& Indi# !#( *'#yed # )it#' %'e in "i)in" die$ti%n( &%m time
t% time t% t!e #dmini(t#ti)e #ut!%itie( t% t#3e ne$e((#y (te*( &% im*%)in" t!e
en)i%nment. W!#t /e need i( (%$i#' #/#ene(( &%m be'%/, n%t '#/( &%m t!e #b%)e. N% '#/
/%3( %ut (m%%t!'y un'e(( t!e inte#$ti%n i( )%'unt#y. In %de t% edu$#te *e%*'e #b%ut t!e
en)i%nment#' i((ue(, t!ee (!%u'd be e!ibiti%n %& ('ide( in t!e e"i%n#' '#n"u#"e( #t $inem#
!%u(e( #nd te'e)i(i%n &ee %& $%(t. ut!e, #( die$ted by t!e Su*eme C%ut %& Indi# 8,
En)i%nment (tudie( (!#'' be m#de # $%m*u'(%y (ub4e$t #t ($!%%' #nd $%''e"e 'e)e'( in
"#ded (y(tem (% t!#t t!ee (!%u'd be "ene#' "%/t! %&
#/#ene((.
T!e t#diti%n#' $%n$e*t t!#t de)e'%*ment #nd e$%'%"y #e %**%(ed t% e#$! %t!e, i( n% '%n"e
#$$e*t#b'e, (in$e (u(t#in#b'e de)e'%*ment i( t!e #n(/e. T!e Su*eme C%ut !#( #$$e*ted
(u(t#in#b'e de)e'%*ment #( *#t %& t!e '#/( %& t!e '#nd #nd !#( #&&imed t!e *e$#uti%n#y
*in$i*'e #nd t!e *%''ute *#y( *in$i*'e #e e((enti#' &e#tue( %& (u(t#in#b'e de)e'%*ment.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
14 M.C. Me!t# ). Uni%n %& Indi#, AIR 8< SC >1<

8. En)i%nment#' 5%te$ti%n And Eme"in" Tend( In ?udi$i#' Re(*%n(e(+C!#nd# 5#',
Cent#' L#/ Indi# u#te'y
<. En)i%nment#' L#/  D.S. SENJAR
>. En)i%nment#' L#/ In Indi#  M%!#mm#d N#(eem

Project Environment Law

Uploaded by

Project Environment Law

Uploaded by

DR.

RAM MANOHAR LOHIYA

Project : Role of Judiciary in Environmental

Submitted by: Unde t!e "uid#n$e %&:

Ni'e(! y#d#) M. Vi*in

Seme(te +t! -#$u'ty %& '#/0

Se$ti%n+A D. RMLNLU

R%'' n%. 12 Lu$3n%/

ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN INDIA

14 M.C. Me!t# ). Uni%n %& Indi#, AIR 8< SC >1<

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