Homework 3

ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING &

TECHNOLOGY
Geotechnical & Earth Resources

Engineering
CE 71.53 UNDERGROUND EXCAVATION

AND TUNNELING
HOMEWORK -3
Pressure Tunnel Design
SUBMITTED TO: Prof. Noppadol Phien-Wej
SUBMITTED BY: Jobayda Akhter (121022)

Homework 3
A pressure test is to be performed in a steel-lined pressure tunnel in a sandstone.
Liner 10-mm- thick steel plate

fy = 250 MPa
Es = 200 GPa, µ = 0.20
Concrete f’c = 30 MPa, Ec = 25 GPa, µ = 0.25

0.60 m. min. thickness, some overbreak up to 1.20 m. max.
Rock Sandstone
Uniaxial compressive strength 50 MPa

mi = 17,
Elab = 25 GPa, µ = 0.25
GSI = 65
RMR = 68
Estimate
a) The in-situ modulus of the rock mass.

b) If the water pressure is increased until yielding of the steel lining occurs, calculate
the change in the radius of the liner.
c) The internal pressure, Pi that causes yielding of the steel liner.
d) Under serviceability state, calculate the load sharing ratio among steel liner,
concrete and rock if the steel liner is designed with F.S. of 2.0.
Solution:
a) The in-situ modulus of the rock mass;
According to Bieniawski (1978)
𝐸" = 2𝑅𝑀𝑅 − 100 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝑹𝑴𝑹 ≥ 𝟓𝟎
𝐸" = 2 × 68 − 100 = 36 𝐺𝑃𝑎
According to Hoek and Brown (1998)
?@ABCD
< ;
𝐸" = :=>> 10 ED 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝝈𝒄 < 𝟏𝟎𝟎
?@ABCD
J>
𝐸" = :=>> 10 ED
𝐸" = 16.768 𝐺𝑃𝑎
According to Palmstrom and singh (2001)
𝐸" = 7𝑅"M >.J 𝑓𝒐𝒓 𝟏 < 𝑹𝒎𝒊 ≤ 𝟑𝟎
𝐸" = 7 × 17>.J
𝐸" = 28.862 𝐺𝑃𝑎
Taking average of all above three values of rock mass modulus
=S.TSU VWSVXU.USX
𝐸" = = 27.21 𝐺𝑃𝑎
X
𝑬𝒎 = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟐𝟏 𝑮𝑷𝒂
b) The change in the radius of the liner during yielding occurs;
From Thin wall solution
d
𝜎` = 𝜎a = (𝑃M − 𝑃= ) × `
Since yielding is occur, circumferential stress must be equal to the yield strength, therefore,
𝜎` = 𝑓e = 250 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Also, 𝑃g = 𝑃M − 𝑃=
d
𝑓e = 𝑃g ×
`
`
𝑃g = 𝑓e ×
d
=>
𝑃g = 250 × =J>> [Given, a = 150 cm = 1500 mm & t = 10 mm]
𝑃g = 1.67 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Using US Army Corps of Engineers formula to estimate the radial displacement of the steel
liner
From Table: 27.2 (Formulations for calculating load Transfer)
i kl
𝑢g = `j mj (1 − 𝜇gX )
j j
=.ST × =J>>l
𝑢g = => × X>> × =>>> × (1 − 0.2X )
𝒖𝒔 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟎𝟒 𝒎𝒎
Radius of the liner after yielding = 1500 + 1.804 = 1501.804 mm

c) The internal pressure, 𝑃M that will cause yielding of the liner;
𝑃g = 𝑃M − 𝑃=
𝑃M = 𝑃g + 𝑃=
From US Army Corps of Engineers formulae [From Table: 27.2]
Displacement of steel = Displacement of concrete + Displacement of Intact Rock
𝑃g 𝑅gX 𝑃= 𝑡u 𝑃= 𝑅=
(1 − 𝜇gX ) = (1 − 𝜇uX ) + (1 + 𝜇k )
𝑡g 𝐸g 𝐸u 𝐸k
1.67 × 1500X 𝑃= × 650 𝑃= × 1510

(1 − 0.2X ) = (1 − 0.25X ) + (1 + 0.25)
10 × 200 × 1000 25 × 1000 27.21 × 1000
1.804 = 0.024375𝑃= + 0.069368𝑃=
𝑷𝟏 = 19.244 MPa

𝑃M = 1.67 + 19.244
𝑷𝒊 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟗𝟏𝟒 𝑴𝑷𝒂

d) The load sharing ratio among steel liner, concrete and rock if the steel liner is designed
with F.S. of 2.0;
For factor of safety = 2.0;

=.ST
𝑃g = X
= 0.835 𝑀𝑃𝑎
=y.Xzz
𝑃= = = 9.622 𝑀𝑃𝑎
X

𝑃M = 0.835 + 9.622
𝑷𝒊 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟒𝟓𝟕 𝑴𝑷𝒂
i >.UWJ
The load sharing ratio among steel liner = ij = =>.zJT × 100 = 7.985%
{
The load sharing ratio among steel liner = 7.985%
In the same way,

𝑃u = 𝑃= − 𝑃k
For the equilibrium conditions of Broken Material i.e in concrete and rock, the material having
no tensile strength;
2𝜋𝑅= 𝑃= = 2𝜋𝑅X 𝑃k
k
𝑃k = 𝑃= × kC
l
U>VJ>
Thickness of concrete =
X
= 65 𝑐𝑚 = 650 𝑚𝑚
=J=>
𝑃k = 9.622 × =J=>VSJ>
𝑃k = 6.726 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑃u = 𝑃= − 𝑃k = 9.622 − 6.726 = 2.896 𝑀𝑃𝑎
i X.UyS
The load sharing ratio among the concrete = i< = =>.zJT × 100 = 27.690%
{
The load sharing ratio among the concrete = 27.690%
i S.TXS
The load sharing ratio among the concrete = i€ = =>.zJT × 100 = 64.321%
{
The load sharing ratio among steel liner = 64.321%

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ASIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING &

Geotechnical & Earth Resources

CE 71.53 UNDERGROUND EXCAVATION

Pressure Tunnel Design

SUBMITTED TO: Prof. Noppadol Phien-Wej

SUBMITTED BY: Jobayda Akhter (121022)

A pressure test is to be performed in a steel-lined pressure tunnel in a sandstone.

Liner 10-mm- thick steel plate

Concrete f’c = 30 MPa, Ec = 25 GPa, µ = 0.25

Uniaxial compressive strength 50 MPa

a) The in-situ modulus of the rock mass.

a) The in-situ modulus of the rock mass;

According to Bieniawski (1978)

𝐸" = 2𝑅𝑀𝑅 − 100 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝑹𝑴𝑹 ≥ 𝟓𝟎

𝐸" = 2 × 68 − 100 = 36 𝐺𝑃𝑎

According to Hoek and Brown (1998)

𝐸" = 16.768 𝐺𝑃𝑎

According to Palmstrom and singh (2001)

𝐸" = 7𝑅"M >.J 𝑓𝒐𝒓 𝟏 < 𝑹𝒎𝒊 ≤ 𝟑𝟎

𝐸" = 28.862 𝐺𝑃𝑎

Taking average of all above three values of rock mass modulus

From Thin wall solution

From Table: 27.2 (Formulations for calculating load Transfer)

Radius of the liner after yielding = 1500 + 1.804 = 1501.804 mm

From US Army Corps of Engineers formulae [From Table: 27.2]

Displacement of steel = Displacement of concrete + Displacement of Intact Rock

1.67 × 1500X 𝑃= × 650 𝑃= × 1510

1.804 = 0.024375𝑃= + 0.069368𝑃=

𝑷𝒊 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟗𝟏𝟒 𝑴𝑷𝒂

For factor of safety = 2.0;

The load sharing ratio among steel liner = 7.985%

In the same way,

The load sharing ratio among the concrete = 27.690%

The load sharing ratio among steel liner = 64.321%

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