BUSINESS MATHEMATICS

AUGUST 13, 2020

Answer what is asked. Write your answer in a yellow paper

or bond paper. Show your solution where it is applicable.
Send a picture of your paper and send it to my email address
at [email protected]. Deadline for
this set of exercises will be on August 21, 2020 at 5pm.

Chapter 1 – Fundamentals of Arithmetic Operations

I. Write in figures.
1. Two hundred seventy-three and four hundred sixty-five thousandths.
2. Five hundred two millions, six hundred eighty thousand, one hundred
six.
3. Four thousand five hundred eighty-two ten thousandths.
4. Fifteen and one hundred seventeen millionths.
5. Fourteen million, three hundred forty-two thousand, six hundred thirty-
one.
6. Seven billion, ninety-three million, three hundred three thousand
thirteen.
7. Forty-two and nineteen hundredths.
8. Seventy-two million, two thousand five hundred and one hundred fifty
five thousand, six hundred ninety-nine millionths.
9. Eighty trillion, seventy million, thirty thousand.
10.Thirteen thousand, two hundred forty and sixty-five thousandths.

II. Write in words.

1. 27,659
2. 58,025
3. 325,492
4. 400,653,018
5. 508,370,003
6. 27,537,642.50
7. 9,268,548.25
8. 78,463,248.906
9. 351,000,000.001
10. 8,321,729

III. Round off the following numbers as indicated.

1. 323,654.39685
a. to the nearest ones
b. to the nearest tens
c. to the nearest hundreds
d. to the nearest thousandths
e. to the nearest ten thousandths
f. to the nearest hundredths
 2. ₱71,422.72958
a. to the nearest peso
b. to the nearest ten peso
c. to the nearest hundred peso
d. to the nearest centavo
e. to the nearest hundredth of centavo
f. to the nearest thousandths of centavo

3. ₱60.40235 to the nearest centavo

4. 9.0087 to the nearest thousandths
5. 73,506.0812 to the nearest hundred
6. 608.4961 to the nearest ones
7. 0.00765401 to the nearest millionths
8. ₱98.374 to the nearest centavo
9. ₱65,008.00 to the nearest ten thousands
10. ₱210.731 to the nearest peso

IV. Solve the problems.

1. Grace bought 10 dozens of eggs from Chick’s poultry at ₱8 each. If she
sold them at ₱12 each, how much would her profit be?
2. Mr. Altares subdivided equally his 5-hectare land into lots with 150 sq.
meters each. How many lots were there? (1ha = 10,000 sq.m)
3. The total cost of 3,200 large bathroom tiles was ₱80,000. Find the cost
of each tile.

V. Solve the following problems.

1. Mr. Altares bought parcels of land which are 3 ½ hectares, 1 2/3
hectares, and 5 hectares. How many hectares of land does he own?
2. Storm Pedring destroyed the crops of the two farmers. 5/9 of Farmer
A’s crops were destroyed while 3/8 of Farmer B’s crops sustained
damage. What fractional part of the crops were destroyed?
3. A gardener needs the following lengths of water hose: 14 ½ feet and 8
¾ feet. How many feet of water hose will he buy/
4. A bale of cloth contained 65 3/10 yards. At various times, the following
pieces were cut; 3 2/3 yards, 7 ¼ yards and 9 5/6 yards. How many
yards remained after these pieces were cut from the bale?
5. Robert, Roland and Raela formed a partnership, each one sharing a
portion of the total capital. Robert gave 2/6 and Roland gave ¼ of the
capital. How much was the share of Raela?
6. Grace spent 2/5 and 1/3 of her salary for grocery and food respectively.
If her budget for this month is ₱5,000, how much did she spend for
grocery and food?
7. How many pieces of 1/6 yard-long of wire can be cut from an 8-yard
long wire?
8. A television set marked at ₱22,195 was sold for 2/3 of its original price.
How much was it sold? Find the original price.
9. Deliveries Ham Store sold 4 2/3 kilos of ham for ₱2,800, while Precious
Ham sold 3 1/5 kilos of ham for P2,150. Which store offers ham at a
lower price per kilo? What was the price difference?
10. A house and lot sold for 8.5 million pesos was 2/3 higher than the
original price. What was the original price of the house?
NOTE:

Rules for rounding off numbers:

1. When the digit to be dropped begins with 0,1,2,3,4 or a digit less than
5, the preceding digit to be retained is unchanged.
Example:

43,216.0814 rounded off to the nearest ones = 43,216

Rounded off to the nearest hundredths = 43,200
Rounded off to the nearest thousands = 43,000
Rounded off to the nearest hundredths = 43,216.08

2. When the digit to be dropped begins with 5 and up, the last digit to be
retained is increased by 1.

Example:

9,689,354 rounded off to the nearest ones = 9,689

Rounded off to the nearest tens = 9,690
Rounded off to the nearest hundreds = 9,700

CHAPTER 2 – Fundamentals of Algebra in Business

I. Solve the following problems.

1. Mrs. Sanchai rented a car space for a base charge of ₱50 plus ₱20 per
hour. The total rental cost was ₱130. For how long did she rent the
space?
2. Aaron’s checking account charges were ₱120 per month plus ₱15 per
check. Jeff was charged ₱405. How many checks did he actually issue?
3. Daryl scored 35 points in each round of a computer game, plus 46 bonus
points. His total score was 256. How many rounds did he play?
4. On Monday, Joseph opened a savings account with an ATM card for his
summer earnings and deposited all of his first week’s earnings. On
Tuesday, he deposited ₱700 into the account. He withdrew ₱300 to buy
tapes and another ₱200 on Thursday for other expenses. On Friday, he
withdrew half of what was left in the account to buy some clothing. He
then had ₱1,400 remaining in the account. How much money did he
deposit on Monday?
5. A necklace made of beads is ¾ inch wide. If there are 30 beads with no
spaces among them, how long is the necklace?
6. A new auditorium has 250 seats. About 7/8 of the seats have right-hand
desks. How many seats have right-hand desks?
7. A consumer guide suggests that people should save about 1/6 of their
earnings. How much should a person who earns P32,500 a month save?
8. The dean of the graduate school reported that there was an average of
27 students in each classroom. Then 56 more students enrolled in the
school, making a new total of 704 students. How many classrooms were
there?
 9. The champion basketball team fell short of doubling-up its opponent’s
score by only 3 points. The team scored 81 points. How many points did
the opponent score?
10. Ms. Vista saves coupons from a service station for a chance to get a gift
from the promo. The station gives 5-point coupons and 3-point coupons.
She has exactly 22 coupons, for a total of 86 points. She has fewer than
15 of each type of coupon. How many of each type of coupon does she
have?
II. Convert the following.
1. 1 m = _____ mm
2. 1 m = _____ cm
3. 1 m = _____ dm
4. 5 mm = _____ cm
5. 5 mm = _____ µm
6. 10 cm = _____ in
7. 1 ft = _____ m
8. 1 ft = _____ cm
9. 5 dm = _____ mm
10. 5 in = _____ cm
11. 1 km = _____ cm
12.100 m² = _____ ft²
13. 400 m/s = _____ kph
14. 1 sq. mi = _____ Ha
15. 2 Pt = _____ fl.oz (US)
16. 100 ml = _____ Tablespoons (US)
17. 0.35 ML = _____ cm³
18. 0.5 Btu = _____ calories
19. 20 N = _____ kg
20.2 bars = _____ psi

NOTE:

Table 1. Metric Notations and Prefixes

Powers of Ten or Prefix Symbol Examples

Scientific Notation
(10⁹) Giga G 1 gigabyte (Gb) =
1,000,000,000
bytes
(10⁶) or 1,000,000 Mega M 1 megabyte (Mb) =
1,000,000 bytes
(10³) or 1,000 kilo k 1 kilometer (km) =
1,000 meters
(10²) or 100 hector h 1 hectometer (hm)
= 100 meters
(10¹) or 10 deka da 1 dekameter
(dam) = 10 meters
(10-1) or 0.1 deci d 1 decimeter (dm)
= 0.1 meter
(10-2) or 0.01 centi c 1 centimeter (cm)
= 0.01 meter
(10-3) or 0.001 milli m 1 milligram (mg) =
0.001 gram
(10-6) or 0.000 001 micro µ 1 microgram (µ) =
0.000 001 gram

Table 2. Standard Measures in the Universe

Quantity Metric System British Imperial or USA

English System
Freezing point of water 0⁰C 32⁰F
Boiling point of water 100⁰C 212⁰F
Healthy temperature of a 37⁰C 98.6⁰F
person
Room temperature 20⁰C 68⁰F
A very hot day 40⁰C 104⁰F
Density of water 1 kg/l 10 pounds/imperial gallon
8.35 pounds/USA gallon
Speed of light 300,000 km/s 186,000 miles/s
Speed of sound 330 m/s 1,090 feet/s
Circumference of Earth 40,000 km 25,000 miles
Distance between Earth 150,000,000 km 93,000,000 miles
and sun
Distance between Earth 385,000 km 240,000 miles
and moon
Altitude of geostationary 35,800 km 22,300 miles
orbit
Earth’s gravity 10 m/s² 32 feet/s²

Table 3. Common Unit Conversions

A. Length Conversion
Imperial/USA unit Metric unit
1 inch (in) 2.54 centimeters (cm)
1 foot (ft) or 12 inches (in) 30.48 centimeters (cm)
1 yard (yd) or 3 feet (ft) 0.9144 meters
1 mile (mi) 1.61 kilometers (km)
B. Weight (or Mass) Conversion
Imperial/USA unit Metric unit
1 ounce (oz) 28.35 grams (g)
2.21 pounds (lbs) 1 kilogram (kg)
UK ton (2240 pounds) 1.02 metric tons
US ton (2000 pounds) 0.91 metric tons
0.98 UK tons Metric ton (1000 kg)
1.10 US tons Metric ton (1000 kg)
C. Area Conversion
Imperial/USA unit Metric unit
1 acre 0.4047 hectare (ha)
100 ares 1 hectare or 10,000 m²
1 square foot (ft²) 0.09 square meter (m²)
10.75 square feet (ft²) 1 square meter (m²)
1 square mile 2.59 km²
D. Volume (or Capacity)
Conversion
Imperial/USA unit Metric unit
1 teaspoon (UK) 5.92 milliliters
1 teaspoon (US) 4.93 milliliters
1 tablespoon (UK) or 3 teaspoons 17.76 milliliters
1 tablespoon (US) or 3 teaspoons 14.79 milliliters
1 fluid ounce (UK) 28.41 milliliters
1 fluid ounce (US) 29.57 milliliters
1 pint (UK) or ½ Quart 0.57 liters
1 pint (US) or ½ Quart 0.47 liters
1 quart (UK) 1.14 liters
1 quart (US) 0.95 liters
1 gallon (UK) or 4 quarts or 277.42 cubic 4.55 liters
inches
1 gallon (US) or 4 quarts or 231 cubic 3.79 liters
inches
1 cubic foot (ft³) 0.028 cubic meters (m³)
1 acre foot 1230 cubic meters or 1.23 megaliters
(MI)
E. Force Conversion
Imperial/USA unit Metric unit
1 pound (lb) 4.45 Newton (N)
F. Energy Conversion
1 calorie (cal) 4.19 joule (J)
2,655,223.74 foot-pound (ft-lb) 1 kilowatt-hour (kWh) or 3600 kilo-joule
(kj)
1 british thermal unit (Btu) 1.06 kj
G. Power Conversion
1.34 horsepower (hp) 1 kilowatt (kw)
1 horsepower or 550 ft-lb/s 745.70 Watts (W)
H. Pressure Conversion
Imperial/USA unit Metric unit
1 pound per square inch (psi) 6,894.76 Pascal (Pa or N/m²)
1 bar 100 Kilopascal (kPa)

Formula to obtain desired conversion unit:

New unit measure = old unit measure x (new unit conversion/equivalent

value of old unit)

Example:

1. 1 Are is how many square feet?

Solution:
 1 Are x (10,000 sq. meter/100 ares) x (10.75 sq. feet/ 1 sq. meter) =
1,075 sq. feet

2. 1 kilowatt-hour is how many mega joule?

Solution:
1 kWh x (3,600 kilo joule/1 kWh) x (1 mega joule/1000 kilo Joule) = 3.6 mega
joule

Temperature Conversion

Formula:

⁰C = (⁰F – 32) x 5/9 = (⁰F – 32) / 9/5 -----> ⁰C = (⁰F – 32) / 1.8

For example: 68⁰F ----> (68⁰F – 32) / 1.8 = (36) / 1.8 = 20⁰C

⁰F = (⁰C x 9/5) + 32 -----> ⁰F = (⁰C x 1.8) + 32

For example: 20⁰C -----> (20⁰C x 1.8) + 32 = (36) + 32 = 68⁰F

Time Conversion
1 Day
1 Day -----> x (24 hours/1 day) x (60 minutes/1 hour) x (60 seconds/1 minute) =
86,400 seconds

1 year
1 year -----> x (365 ¼ days/1 day) x (86,400 seconds/1 day) = 31,557,600 seconds

CHAPTER 3 INCOME STATEMENT

FORMULAS:
Gross profit = Net Sales – Cost of goods sold
Net Sales = Gross Sales – Refund and allowances
Net Profit = Gross Profit – Operating Expenses
Available Goods = Beginning Inventory + Purchases
Cost of Goods sold = Available Goods – Ending Inventory

Example:

The total sales of Kristen Angel Department Store during the month of December
were ₱5,976.12. The cost of goods during the month was ₱2,324,080.25. The
expenses were as follows: salaries and wages ₱170,910.83; rent ₱350,000; light and
water bills ₱418,265.34; miscellaneous expenses ₱120,450.25; and some of the
merchandise amounted to ₱1,480,980. Find the (a) gross profit (b) operating
expenses, and (c) net profit for the month of December.

Solution:
Gross Sales ₱5,976,418.12
Less Sales Returns ₱1,480,980.00
Net Sales ₱4,495,438.12
Less cost of goods sold ₱2,324,080.25
Gross Profit ₱2,171,357.87 (a)
Less Operating Expenses
Salaries and wages ₱170,910.83
Rent ₱350,000.00
Light and wages ₱418,265.34
Miscellaneous expenses ₱120,450.25
Total expenses ₱1,059,626.42 (b)
Net profit ₱1,111,731.45 (c)

I. Solve the following problems:

1. On February 1, Grace Florida’s merchandise inventory was ₱7,463.35.

During that month she purchased additional goods amounting to
₱4,563.15. On March 31, her inventory was ₱6,782.95. What was the cost
of goods sold?

2. A cooperative store had a gross sales amounting to ₱94,653, the cost of

goods sold was ₱48,923, the operating expenses were ₱8,723.15, and
refunds for defective goods amounted to ₱26,497.15. Find:

a. Net sales
b. Gross Profit
c. Net Profit

3. A computer store bought 15 laptops worth ₱20,500 each in Japan. They

paid ₱3,500 each for freight charges and 12% sales tax for every laptop
sold in the Philippines. Determine the gross profit if the computers were
sold for ₱60,500 each.

4. On January 30 PSA Trading Co.’s revenue from sales is ₱98,760; sales

return is ₱35,500;cost of goods sold is ₱8,490; salaries cost of ₱14,600;
rent is ₱8,000; light and water expenses are ₱7,550.25 and miscellaneous
expenses are ₱9,520.15. Find (a) gross profit (b) net profit or net loss.

5. Prepare an income statement for three big companies for the last quarter
of the year based on the following data:

Net sales ₱840,763.52

Beginning inventory ₱164,963.10
Purchases ₱85,690.00
Ending inventory ₱98,102.50
Salary inventory ₱7,500.00
Rent expenses ₱15,000.00
Miscellaneous ₱8,675.45