By Mohamad Shahrizal Bin Alias: Fire Fighting System

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 23

CHAPTER 5

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM


By : Mohamad Shahrizal Bin Alias
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
Definition;

“Fire protection system is a system that includes devices,


wiring, piping, equipment and controls to detect a fire or
smoke, to actuate a signal, and to supress the fire or smoke.”
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
OBJECTIVES
 Saving lives

 Protecting property

 Minimizing interruptions o services due


to outbreak of fire.
The system of fire-fighting employed depends on:
• The total combustible content of the building
• The type of fire risk classification
• The degree of involvement by the occupants
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE COST OF
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
 The fire resistivity of the building
 Type of occupancy
 The number of floors below the ground
level
 Height of building
 Adequacy of escape routes
 The degree of protection desired
CLASSESS OF FIRE
CLASS SOURCE METHOD OF EXTINGUISHING
A Ordinary combustible materials; wood, Water, water based chemicals,
cloth, paper, rubber and most of plastic. dry chemicals, carbon dioxide.
B Inflammable liquids, oils, greases, tars, oil Foam and dry chemichals.
based paints, lacquers and flammable
gasses
C Energized electrical equipments Non conductive chemicals,
multipurpose chemical compounds,
carbon dioxide agents.
D Combustible metals; magnesium, titanium, Heat absorbing extinguishing
zirconium, sodium, lithium and pottasium medium; purple k, monnex and
super k
PASSIVE FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

“Design of the building, its structure, fabric,


components and their installations in order
to resist fire.”
PASSIVE FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
 PFP attempts to contain fires or slow the spread, through
use of fire-resistant walls, floors, and doors (amongst other
examples).
 PFP systems must comply with the Uniform Building By-laws
1984 – Part VII in order to provide the effectiveness
expected by building codes.
 Also required by:
 Bomba; fire fighting accesibility
 Local authority.

 Insurance company
PFP METHOD
Compartmentalization to subdivide a structure into "fire compartments", which may
contain single or multiple rooms for the purpose of limiting the
spread of fire, smoke and flue gases,
Escape routes Escape routes should be designed to ensure, that any person
confronted by fire anywhere in the building, should be able to
turn away from it and escape to a place of reasonable safety.
Fire door A door assembly that provides protection against the passage
of fire.
Fire separation distance The distance measured from the face of a building to the
adjacent building or the nearest public walkway.
Fire wall Fire resistant wall that extend continuously from the foundation
of the building up to or through the roof.
Fire walls are related in hours, depending on the use of the
building and the "fire separation distance“.
Required fire resistance ratings vary from 1 hour to 4 hours
Fire partition Refers to the vertical assembly of a wall material design to limit
the spread of fire.
Depending on the use of the building and the existance of
sprinkler system, the fire partition shall have a rating up to 2
UNIFORM BUILDING BY LAWS RELATED TO
PASSIVE FIRE FIGHTING
Bahagian VII 162. Pintu Api Dalam Dinding Petak Dan Dinding Pengasing
(1)Pintu-pintu api daripada TKA yang berpatutan hendaklah disediakan.
(2)Ruang buka dalam dinding petak dan dinding pengasing hendaklah dilindungi dengan
suatu pintu api yang mempunyai TKA mengikut kehendak-kehendak bagi dinding itu yang
dinyatakan dalam Jadual Kesembilan Undang-Undang Kecil ini.
(3)Ruang buka dalam struktur pelindung hendaklah dilindungi dengan pintu api yang
mempunyai TKA tidak kurang daripada setengah daripada kehendak bagi dinding
sekeliling yang dinyatakan dalam Jadual Kesembilan Undang-Undang Kecil ini tetapi
dalam mana-mana hal tidak kurang daripada setengah jam.
(4)Ruang buka dalam dinding sekat yang mengepungi suatu koridor atau ruang terlindung
hendaklah dilindungi dengan pintu api yang mempunyai TKA selama setengah jam.
(5)Pintu-pintu api termasuk bingkai hendaklah dibina mengikut spesifikasi yang boleh
ditunjukkan sebagai memenuhi kehendak-kehendak TKA yang relevan apabila diuji
mengikut seksyen 3 PB 476: 1951.

Tempoh Ketahanan Api ertinya tempoh yang sesuatu elemen akan memenuhi kehendak-
kehendak berkenaan dengan aliran haba atau ketahanan daripada runtuh dengan laluan api
apabila diuji mengikut PB 476: Bahagian 1: 1953
UNIFORM BUILDING BY LAWS RELATED TO
PASSIVE FIRE FIGHTING
Bahagian VIII 229. Cara Akses Dan Menentang
Kebakaran Dalam Bangunan Yang Tingginya Lebih
Daripada 18.3 meter;
(4)Suatu tangga menentang kebakaran hendaklah disediakan untuk memberi akses terus kepada tiap-
tiap ruang akses menentang kebakaran dan hendaklah boleh dilalui terus daripada luar bangunan itu
pada paras akses perkakas bomba. Tangga ini boleh menjadi salah satu daripada tangga-tangga yang
dikehendaki sebagai jalan keluar daripada bangunan itu.
(5)Suatu lif bomba hendaklah disediakan bagi memberi akses kepada tiap-tiap ruang akses menentang
kebakaran atau, jika ruang itu tidak ada, kepada tangga menentang kebakaran di tiap-tiap paras
tingkat.
UNIFORM BUILDING BY LAWS RELATED TO
PASSIVE FIRE FIGHTING
ASSIGNMENT;
FIND OTHER LAWS FROM UNIFORM BUILDING BY-
LAWS PART VII THAT ARE RELATED TO PASSIVE FIRE
FIGHTING.
ACTIVE FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

“Fixed or portable equipment installed or


incorporated into the building for the purpose
of resisting fire during the out break of fire”

The installation of active fire-fighting equipments


in the building has two main functions:
 Detection of fire

 Supression of fire
TYPES OF ACTIVE FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

• Portable & automatic fire


extinguishers
• Automatic fire extinguishers
• Hose reel and Hydrants
• Automatic extinguisher systems
• Pressurized escape routes
• Smoke extraction and ventilation
• Automatic fire alarm detector
TYPES OF ACTIVE FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

Automatic fire alarm detectors


• Bimetallic strip
• Ionization chamber
• Light-scattering devices
• Laser beams
PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER
 Intended for use by the occupants during the early
stages of the fire
 Under UBBL 227, portable fire extinguishers are
required for first aid use.
FIRE DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM

 System using carbon dioxide to extinguish a fire by


excluding oxygen from the fire and commonly used
for electrical rooms where water may not be
suitable.
 The by-law relevant to this system is UBBL 235.
TYPES OF ACTIVE FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

Smoke extraction and ventilation


• Vents
• Shop extract and smoke control
• Shop extractor; is a method of smoke and fire containment in a
shop-lot unit. It is controlled by the tenant.
• Mall extractor; common smoke collection and containment
reservoir at the height (on top) of a mall. It is controlled by the
building owner.
TYPES OF ACTIVE FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

DRY RISER ;
 Vertical pipe which is dry (without water) and with hydrant
valve attached and located at each floor.
 This vertical pipe shall function only when the fire
department channels water through it during the outbreak
of fire

WET RISER ;
 Vertical pipe which is always full of water.

 Its function is to supply water to the hydrant valve located


at each floor of a high-rise building, when there is a fire
FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM
Under Uniform Building By Law 237, fire alarm systems are
required for buildings defined under the 10th Schedule

Fire detection and alarm system objectives are:


 To detect outbreak of fire and warn occupants

 To activate fire safety systems

 To inform Fire Brigade

 To monitor fire safety equipment


FIRE DETACTORS
Basic principles of fire detectors
• Reaction to heat
• Radiation to flames
• Products of combustion

Main function
• To give warning that a fire has taken place in unattended
places
• To activate automatic fire-fighting equipments
VOICE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

 To guide the occupants in an orderly manner during


evacuation upon detection of fire.
 For the firemen to communicate with one another
during fire fighting operations.

Under UBBL 239, two voice communication system is


required for all large buildings and high rise buildings
and they are:
 Public address system, and

 Fire brigade intercommunication system


DOWNLOAD THIS AT CIDOS E-LEARNING POLIKK

shahrizal@polikk.edu.my

You might also like