CAPIA, MA. DIANA R.

BSIS 2-2B
MRS. CARMENITA ARANDA PE

Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net. Although it
may be played with larger teams, the most common forms of the game are "singles" (with
one player per side) and "doubles" (with two players per side). Badminton is often played as
a casual outdoor activity in a yard or on a beach; formal games are played on a rectangular indoor
court. Points are scored by striking the shuttlecock with the racquet and landing it within the
opposing side's half of the court.
Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net. Play ends once the
shuttlecock has struck the floor or if a fault has been called by the umpire, service judge, or (in
their absence) the opposing side.
The shuttlecock is a feathered or (in informal matches) plastic projectile which flies differently from
the balls used in many other sports. In particular, the feathers create much higher drag, causing
the shuttlecock to decelerate more rapidly. Shuttlecocks also have a high top speed compared to
the balls in other racquet sports. The flight of the shuttlecock gives the sport its distinctive nature.
The game developed in British India from the earlier game of battledore and shuttlecock.
European play came to be dominated by Denmark but the game has become very popular in
Asia, with recent competitions dominated by China. Since 1992, badminton has been a Summer
Olympic sport with four events: men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles, and women's
doubles, with mixed doubles added four years later. At high levels of play, the sport demands
excellent fitness: players require aerobic stamina, agility, strength, speed, and precision. It is also
a technical sport, requiring good motor coordination and the development of sophisticated racquet
movements.

Games employing shuttlecocks have been played for centuries across Eurasia,but the modern
game of badminton developed in the mid-19th century among the British as a variant of the earlier
game of battledore and shuttlecock. ("Battledore" was an older term for "racquet".) Its exact
origin remains obscure. The name derives from the Duke of Beaufort's Badminton House in
Gloucestershire, but why or when remains unclear. As early as 1860, a London toy dealer named
Isaac Spratt published a booklet entitled Badminton Battledore – A New Game, but no copy is
known to have survived. An 1863 article in The Cornhill Magazine describes badminton as
"battledore and shuttlecock played with sides, across a string suspended some five feet from the
ground".
The game may have originally developed among expatriate officers in British India, where it was
very popular by the 1870s.Ball badminton, a form of the game played with a wool ball instead of
a shuttlecock, was being played in Thanjavur as early as the 1850s and was at first played
CAPIA, MA. DIANA R. BSIS 2-2B
MRS. CARMENITA ARANDA PE

interchangeably with badminton by the British, the woolen ball being preferred in windy or wet
weather.
Early on, the game was also known as Poona or Poonah after the garrison town of Poona where
it was particularly popular and where the first rules for the game were drawn up in 1873. By 1875,
officers returning home had started a badminton club in Folkestone. Initially, the sport was played
with sides ranging from 1 to 4 players, but it was quickly established that games between two or
four competitors worked the best. The shuttlecocks were coated with India rubber and, in outdoor
play, sometimes weighted with lead. Although the depth of the net was of no consequence, it was
preferred that it should reach the ground.
The sport was played under the Pune rules until 1887, when J. H. E. Hart of the Bath Badminton
Club drew up revised regulations. In 1890, Hart and Bagnel Wild again revised the rules. The
Badminton Association of England (BAE) published these rules in 1893 and officially launched
the sport at a house called "Dunbar" in Portsmouth on 13 September. The BAE started the first
badminton competition, the All England Open Badminton Championships for gentlemen's
doubles, ladies' doubles, and mixed doubles, in 1899. Singles competitions were added in 1900
and an England–Ireland championship match appeared in 1904.
England, Scotland, Wales, Canada, Denmark, France, Ireland, the Netherlands, and New
Zealand were the founding members of the International Badminton Federation in 1934, now
known as the Badminton World Federation. India joined as an affiliate in 1936. The BWF now
governs international badminton. Although initiated in England, competitive men's badminton has
traditionally been dominated in Europe by Denmark. Worldwide, Asian nations have become
dominant in international competition. China, Denmark, Indonesia, Malaysia, India, South Korea,
Taiwan (as Chinese Taipei) and Japan are the nations which have consistently produced world-
class players in the past few decades, with China being the greatest force in men's and women's
competition recently.
The game has also become a popular backyard sport in the United States.
CAPIA, MA. DIANA R. BSIS 2-2B
MRS. CARMENITA ARANDA PE

Court
The court is rectangular and divided into halves by a net. Courts are usually marked for both
singles and doubles play, although badminton rules permit a court to be marked for singles only
The doubles court is wider than the singles court, but both are of the same length. The exception,
which often causes confusion to newer players, is that the doubles court has a shorter serve-
length dimension.
The full width of the court is 6.1 metres (20 ft), and in singles this width is reduced to 5.18 metres
(17 ft). The full length of the court is 13.4 metres (44 ft). The service courts are marked by a centre
line dividing the width of the court, by a short service line at a distance of 1.98 metres (6 ft 6 inch)
from the net, and by the outer side and back boundaries. In doubles, the service court is also
marked by a long service line, which is 0.76 metres (2 ft 6 inch) from the back boundary.
The net is 1.55 metres (5 ft 1 inch) high at the edges and 1.524 metres (5 ft) high in the centre.
The net posts are placed over the doubles sidelines, even when singles is played.
The minimum height for the ceiling above the court is not mentioned in the Laws of Badminton.
Nonetheless, a badminton court will not be suitable if the ceiling is likely to be hit on a high serve
CAPIA, MA. DIANA R. BSIS 2-2B
MRS. CARMENITA ARANDA PE

Serving

When the server serves, the shuttlecock must pass over the short service line on the opponents'
court or it will count as a fault. The server and receiver must remain within their service courts,
without touching the boundary lines, until the server strikes the shuttlecock. The other two players
may stand wherever they wish, so long as they do not block the vision of the server or receiver.
At the start of the rally, the server and receiver stand in diagonally opposite service courts (see
court dimensions). The server hits the shuttlecock so that it would land in the receiver's service
court. This is similar to tennis, except that in a badminton serve the whole shuttle must be below
1.15 meters from the surface of the court at the instant of being hit by the server's racket, the
shuttlecock is not allowed to bounce and in badminton, the players stand inside their service
courts, unlike tennis.
When the serving side loses a rally, the server immediately passes to their opponent(s) (this
differs from the old system where sometimes the serve passes to the doubles partner for what is
known as a "second serve").
In singles, the server stands in their right service court when their score is even, and in their left
service court when their score is odd.
In doubles, if the serving side wins a rally, the same player continues to serve, but he/she changes
service courts so that she/he serves to a different opponent each time. If the opponents win the
rally and their new score is even, the player in the right service court serves; if odd, the player in
the left service court serves. The players' service courts are determined by their positions at the
start of the previous rally, not by where they were standing at the end of the rally. A consequence
of this system is that each time a side regains the service, the server will be the player who did
not serve last time.
CAPIA, MA. DIANA R. BSIS 2-2B
MRS. CARMENITA ARANDA PE

Scoring

Each game is played to 21 points, with players scoring a point whenever they win a rally
regardless of whether they served[13] (this differs from the old system where players could only
win a point on their serve and each game was played to 15 points). A match is the best of three
games.
If the score reaches 20-all, then the game continues until one side gains a two-point lead (such
as 24–22), except when there is a tie at 29-all, in which the game goes to a golden point. Whoever
scores this point will win.
At the start of a match, the shuttlecock is cast and the side towards which the shuttlecock is
pointing serves first. Alternatively, a coin may be tossed, with the winners choosing whether to
serve or receive first, or choosing which end of the court to occupy first, and their opponents
making the leftover the remaining choice.
In subsequent games, the winners of the previous game serve first. Matches are best out of three:
a player or pair must win two games (of 21 points each) to win the match. For the first rally of any
doubles game, the serving pair may decide who serves and the receiving pair may decide who
receives. The players change ends at the start of the second game; if the match reaches a third
game, they change ends both at the start of the game and when the leading player's or pair's
score reaches 11 points.

Lets

If a let is called, the rally is stopped and replayed with no change to the score. Lets may occur
because of some unexpected disturbance such as a shuttlecock landing on a court (having been
hit there by players playing in adjacent court) or in small halls the shuttle may touch an overhead
rail which can be classed as a let.
If the receiver is not ready when the service is delivered, a let shall be called; yet, if the receiver
attempts to return the shuttlecock, the receiver shall be judged to have been ready.

Racquets
Badminton racquets are lightweight, with top quality racquets weighing between 70 and 95 grams
(2.5 and 3.4 ounces) not including grip or strings.They are composed of many different materials
ranging from carbon fibre composite (graphite reinforced plastic) to solid steel, which may be
augmented by a variety of materials. Carbon fibre has an excellent strength to weight ratio, is stiff,
CAPIA, MA. DIANA R. BSIS 2-2B
MRS. CARMENITA ARANDA PE

and gives excellent kinetic energy transfer. Before the adoption of carbon fibre composite,
racquets were made of light metals such as aluminium. Earlier still, racquets were made of wood.
Cheap racquets are still often made of metals such as steel, but wooden racquets are no longer
manufactured for the ordinary market, because of their excessive mass and cost. Nowadays,
nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and fullerene are added to racquets giving them greater
durability.
There is a wide variety of racquet designs, although the laws limit the racquet size and shape.
Different racquets have playing characteristics that appeal to different players. The traditional oval
head shape is still available, but an isometric head shape is increasingly common in new racquets.

Strings

Badminton strings for racquets are thin, high performing strings with thicknesses ranging from
about 0.62 to 0.73 mm. Thicker strings are more durable, but many players prefer the feel of
thinner strings. String tension is normally in the range of 80 to 160 N (18 to 36 lbf). Recreational
players generally string at lower tensions than professionals, typically between 80 and 110 N (18
and 25 lbf). Professionals string between about 110 and 160 N (25 and 36 lbf). Some string
manufacturers measure the thickness of their strings under tension so they are actually thicker
than specified when slack. Ashaway Micropower is actually 0.7mm but Yonex BG-66 is about
0.72mm.
It is often argued that high string tensions improve control, whereas low string tensions increase
power.[16] The arguments for this generally rely on crude mechanical reasoning, such as claiming
that a lower tension string bed is more bouncy and therefore provides more power. This is, in fact,
incorrect, for a higher string tension can cause the shuttle to slide off the racquet and hence make
it harder to hit a shot accurately. An alternative view suggests that the optimum tension for power
depends on the player,the faster and more accurately a player can swing their racquet, the higher
CAPIA, MA. DIANA R. BSIS 2-2B
MRS. CARMENITA ARANDA PE

the tension for maximum power. Neither view has been subjected to a rigorous mechanical
analysis, nor is there clear evidence in favor of one or the other. The most effective way for a
player to find a good string tension is to experiment.

Grip

The choice of grip allows a player to increase the thickness of their racquet handle and choose a
comfortable surface to hold. A player may build up the handle with one or several grips before
applying the final layer.
Players may choose between a variety of grip materials. The most common choices are PU
synthetic grips or towelling grips. Grip choice is a matter of personal preference. Players often
find that sweat becomes a problem; in this case, a drying agent may be applied to the grip or
hands, sweatbands may be used, the player may choose another grip material or change their
grip more frequently.
There are two main types of grip: replacement grips and overgrips. Replacement grips are thicker
and are often used to increase the size of the handle. Overgrips are thinner (less than 1 mm), and
are often used as the final layer. Many players, however, prefer to use replacement grips as the
final layer. Towelling grips are always replacement grips. Replacement grips have an adhesive
backing, whereas overgrips have only a small patch of adhesive at the start of the tape and must
be applied under tension; overgrips are more convenient for players who change grips frequently,
because they may be removed more rapidly without damaging the underlying material
CAPIA, MA. DIANA R. BSIS 2-2B
MRS. CARMENITA ARANDA PE

Shuttlecock

A shuttlecock (often abbreviated to shuttle; also called a birdie) is a high-drag projectile, with an
open conical shape: the cone is formed from sixteen overlapping feathers embedded into a
rounded cork base. The cork is covered with thin leather or synthetic material. Synthetic shuttles
are often used by recreational players to reduce their costs as feathered shuttles break easily.
These nylon shuttles may be constructed with either natural cork or synthetic foam base and a
plastic skirt.
Badminton rules also provide for testing a shuttlecock for the correct speed:
3.1: To test a shuttlecock, hit a full underhand stroke which makes contact with the shuttlecock
over the back boundary line. The shuttlecock shall be hit at an upward angle and in a direction
parallel to the sidelines. 3.2: A shuttlecock of the correct speed will land not less than 530 mm
and not more than 990 mm short of the other back boundary line.

Shoes

Badminton shoes are lightweight with soles of rubber or similar high-grip, non-marking materials.
Compared to running shoes, badminton shoes have little lateral support. High levels of lateral
support are useful for activities where lateral motion is undesirable and unexpected. Badminton,
however, requires powerful lateral movements. A highly built-up lateral support will not be able to
protect the foot in badminton; instead, it will encourage catastrophic collapse at the point where
the shoe's support fails, and the player's ankles are not ready for the sudden loading, which can
cause sprains. For this reason, players should choose badminton shoes rather than general
trainers or running shoes, because proper badminton shoes will have a very thin sole, lower a
person's centre of gravity, and therefore result in fewer injuries. Players should also ensure that
they learn safe and proper footwork, with the knee and foot in alignment on all lunges. This is
more than just a safety concern: proper footwork is also critical in order to move effectively around
the court.
CAPIA, MA. DIANA R. BSIS 2-2B
MRS. CARMENITA ARANDA PE

Badminton court

Field length: 13.40 meters used for single party and double (double).
Field width: 6.10 meters used for double party and 5.18 meter size used for single party. Another
provision that the badminton field line is cultivated is clearly colored and easily visible, for example
white, yellow, and so on.

Net or Net
The net or nets are made of fine, dark green ropes.
Net size as follows.
a. Net length: 610 cm.
b. Net width: 76 cm.
c. The white ribbon on the top of the net measures 3.8 cm.

Pole net
The net pole is made of strong enough material, such as iron. The net pole is rounded with a
middle finger measuring 3.8 cm. The net pole is installed outside the side line.

High Net
Net installed in the center of the field with a height of 1.524 meters.

Kok (Shuttlecock)
Kok or called shuttlecock consists of head and head feathers. Material for making (shuttlecock),
which is a half-round cork coated with leather. In the cork plugged poultry fur that amounted to 14
to 16 strands. The center line of the cork, which is 25-28 mm the centerline of the tip is 54-56 mm.
The feathers were tied with threads. The height of the hair from the surface of the cork to the top
surface, ie 64-74 mm. The standard stand weighs between 4.73-5.50 grams.

Racket (Beater)
The tool to hit kok (suttlecock) in a badminton game is called a racket. The racket weighs less
than 150 grams. The materials used to make a racket are:
a. wood,
b. aluminum,
c. wood and aluminum,
d. fiberglass, and
e. charcoal (carbonex).