Relevant Provisions of The 1987 Constitution

LIP OUTLINE - TRADEMARKS
Prof. Ma. Isabel P. Romero
(2020)
1. Relevant provisions of the 1987 Constitution
2. Relevant provisions of the New Civil Code
3. Intellectual Property Code – Sec. 1-19; 121 up to 170
a) Effectivity date
b) Laws repealed
c) Non-retroactivity of IPC
Mighty Corp. v. E&J Gallo Winery (GR 154342, July 14, 2004)
4. Treaties on trademark protection
Paris Convention/ TRIPS
Madrid Protocol – July 15, 2012 --- enter into force in the Philippines
a) National treatment principle
b) reciprocity principle
c) most favored nation principle
d) territoriality principle
5. Definition of “mark” under the IPC
6. a) Definition and Examples of ---

trade mark/ trade name/ service mark
geographic indications/collective mark/ certification mark
b) Distinguish - Trademarks/ Copyrights/ Patents
Elidad Kho v. CA (GR 11578, March 19, 2002)
Pearl & Dean v. Shoemart (GR 148222, Aug. 15, 2003)
7. Importance of Marks
Mirpuri v. CA (G.R. 160054-55, July 21, 2004)
8. A. Registrable and Non-registrable marks – Sec. 123, 148
B. Types of Marks/ Give Examples:
a) Generic d) Arbitrary g) Composite marks
b) Descriptive e) Fanciful
c) Suggestive f) Well-known marks
C. Concepts:
a) Doctrine of secondary meaning – Sec. 123.2
b) Doctrine of Related Goods and Services – Sec. 138, 123.1(d)
c) Idem sonans rule
d) foreign language equivalents
D. Cases:
Ana Ang v. Toribio Teodoro (GR L-48226, Dec. 14, 1942)
Arce Sons v. Selecta (GR L-14761 and 17981, Jan. 28, 1961)
McDonald’s Corp. v. LC Big Mak (GR 143993, Aug.18, 2004)
Societe des Produits Nestle v. CA (GR 112012, April 4, 2001)
246 Corp. v. Daway (GR 157216, Nov. 20, 2003)
Victorias Milling v. Ong Su (GR L-28499 Sept. 30, 1977)
Lyceum of the Phils. v. CA (GR 101897, March 5, 1993)
Shang Properties v. St. Francis Devt. (GR 190706; July 21, 2014)
US Patent and Trademark Office v. Booking.com B. V.
No. 19-46 (U.S. Jun. 30, 2020)
9. Trade Names – Sec. 121.3, 165-166
Philips Export BV v. CA (G.R. No. 96161; Feb. 21, 1992)
Prosource v. Horphag (GR 180073; Nov. 25, 2009)
Coffee Partners v. San Francisco Coffee (GR 169504; Mar. 3, 2010)
Fredco Mfg. Corp. v. Harvard (G.R. No. 185917, June 01, 2011)
10. Registration Procedure:
a) IPC vis-à-vis Madrid Protocol
b) Single Registrar system only
c) Prior actual use no longer pre-requisite to registration
d) Nice Classification
Birkenstock v. Phil. Shoe Expo (G.R. 194307; Nov. 20, 2013)
Ecole de Cuisine Manille v. Renaud Cointreau (GR 185830; June 5,2013)
11. Effects of registration of marks –
a) TM versus encircled R
b) Rights – Sec. 138; 147
* Faberge Inc. v. IAC (GR 71189, Nov. 4, 1992) – decided under old
law
How shd this be decided under the IPC?
Dermaline v. Myra Pharmaceuticals (GR 190065; Aug. 16, 2010)
b.1) how protection of marks is acquired –
Berris Agri. Corp. v. Abyadang (GR 183404; Oct. 13, 2010)
Fredco Mfg. Corp. v. Harvard (G.R. No. 185917, June 01, 2011)
b.2) concept of “owner” of mark
Gabriel v. Dr. Perez ( GR-L 24075; Jan. 31, 1974)
c) Limitations/Loss
d) Duration/ Renewal
e) Assignment/transfer
f) Cancellation of marks
Superior v. Kunnan Enterprises (G.R. No. 169974; April 20, 2010)
Shangrila Int’l Hotel v. CA (GR 111580, June 21, 2001)
12. Infringement of Trademarks
a) Acts constituting infringement

b) Concepts:
Confusion of Goods vs. Confusion of Origin
Actual confusion vs. Likelihood of confusion
Colorable imitation
Dominancy test vs. Holistic test
Meaning of “purchaser”
Right to publicity
Trademark dilution
Trademark exhaustion/parallel importation
c) Cases:
Del Monte Corp. v. CA (GR L-78325, Jan. 25, 1990)
Asia Brewery, Inc. v. CA (GR 103543, July 5, 1993)
Emerald Garment Mfg. v. CA (GR 100098, December 29, 1995)
Fruit of the Loom, Inc. v. CA (GR L-32747; Nov. 29, 2004)
McDonald’s v. MacJoy Fastfood (GR No. 166115, Feb. 2, 2007)
Societe des Produits Nestle v. CA (GR 112012, April 4, 2001)
Converse Rubber v. Universal Rubber (GR L-27906 Jan. 8, 1987)
Levi Strauss v. Clinton Apparelle (GR 138900, Sept. 20, 2005)
Skechers USA v. Interpacific Trading (GR 164321; Mar. 23, 2011)
13. False or Fraudulent Declaration – Sec. 162

14. Unfair Competition
a) under the LIP:
Ana Ang v. Toribio Teodoro (GR L-48226, Dec. 14, 1942)
Pearl & Dean v. Shoemart ( GR 148222, Aug. 15, 2003)
Del Monte Corp. v. CA (GR L-78325, Jan. 25, 1990)
Mighty Corp. v. E&J Gallo (GR 154342; July 14, 2004)
Converse v. Jacinto Rubber (GR-L 27425 & 30505; April 28, 1980)
b) under the NCC -- Art. 28
Yu. V. CA (G.R. No. 86683; Jan. 21, 1993)
U-Bix Corp. v. Ariancorp (CA-GR CV No. 41620; Aug. 9, 1995)
15. False designation of origin; false description /representation
16. Remedies:
a) Alternative dispute resolution d) Criminal action g) Others
b) Administrative action e) Cancellation
c) Civil action f) Inter partes case
17. Limitations on actions for infringement – Sec. 159
Roma Drug v. RTC (GR 149907; April 16, 2009)
18. Jurisdiction over trademark-related cases
A.M. No. 10-3-10-SC
IN-N-OUT Burger v. Shewani (GR 179127, Dec. 24, 2008)

Samson v. Daway (GR 160054-55, July 21, 2004)
Sony Computer v. Supergreen (GR 161823, Mar. 22, 2007)
19. Rights/Remedies of Foreign Entities
Mirpuri v. CA (G.R. 160054-55, July 21, 2004)
IN-N-OUT Burger v. Shewani (GR 179127, Dec. 24, 2008)
La Chemise Lacoste v. Fernandez (GR L-63796-97, May 2, 1984)
Philip Morris, et al. v. Fortune Tobacco (GR 158589, June 27, 2006)
* include dissenting opinion *
20. Related laws: RA 623, as amended (regulating marked containers)
Act No. 3740 (penalizing fraudulent advertising)
RA 9502 (Cheaper Medicines Act)
Coca Cola Bottlers v. Gomez (GR 154491, Nov. 14, 2008)
Manuel Espiritu, et al. v. Petron (G.R. No. 170891. Nov. 24, 2009)
Twin Ace Holdings v. Rufina (GR 160191, June 8, 2006)
Distilleria Washington v. CA (GR 120961, Oct. 17, 1996)
Pest Mgt. Asso. v. Fertilizer & Pesticide Authority (GR 156041, Feb. 21,
2007)
21. Domain Names - MEMORANDUM-CIRCULAR BT Y2k-9-05
(Registration of Internet Domain Names (IDN) As Service Marks)

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LIP OUTLINE - TRADEMARKS

Prof. Ma. Isabel P. Romero

1. Relevant provisions of the 1987 Constitution

2. Relevant provisions of the New Civil Code

3. Intellectual Property Code – Sec. 1-19; 121 up to 170

a) Effectivity date

b) Laws repealed

c) Non-retroactivity of IPC

4. Treaties on trademark protection

Paris Convention/ TRIPS

a) National treatment principle

b) reciprocity principle

c) most favored nation principle

d) territoriality principle

5. Definition of “mark” under the IPC

6. a) Definition and Examples of ---

geographic indications/collective mark/ certification mark

b) Distinguish - Trademarks/ Copyrights/ Patents

Elidad Kho v. CA (GR 11578, March 19, 2002)

Pearl & Dean v. Shoemart (GR 148222, Aug. 15, 2003)

Mirpuri v. CA (G.R. 160054-55, July 21, 2004)

8. A. Registrable and Non-registrable marks – Sec. 123, 148

B. Types of Marks/ Give Examples:

a) Generic d) Arbitrary g) Composite marks

b) Descriptive e) Fanciful

c) Suggestive f) Well-known marks

a) Doctrine of secondary meaning – Sec. 123.2

c) Idem sonans rule

d) foreign language equivalents

Societe des Produits Nestle v. CA (GR 112012, April 4, 2001)

246 Corp. v. Daway (GR 157216, Nov. 20, 2003)

Victorias Milling v. Ong Su (GR L-28499 Sept. 30, 1977)

Lyceum of the Phils. v. CA (GR 101897, March 5, 1993)

US Patent and Trademark Office v. Booking.com B. V.

No. 19-46 (U.S. Jun. 30, 2020)

9. Trade Names – Sec. 121.3, 165-166

Philips Export BV v. CA (G.R. No. 96161; Feb. 21, 1992)

Prosource v. Horphag (GR 180073; Nov. 25, 2009)

10. Registration Procedure:

a) IPC vis-à-vis Madrid Protocol

b) Single Registrar system only

c) Prior actual use no longer pre-requisite to registration

d) Nice Classification

a) TM versus encircled R

b) Rights – Sec. 138; 147

How shd this be decided under the IPC?

Dermaline v. Myra Pharmaceuticals (GR 190065; Aug. 16, 2010)

b.1) how protection of marks is acquired –

b.2) concept of “owner” of mark

Gabriel v. Dr. Perez ( GR-L 24075; Jan. 31, 1974)

c) Limitations/Loss

d) Duration/ Renewal

f) Cancellation of marks

Shangrila Int’l Hotel v. CA (GR 111580, June 21, 2001)

12. Infringement of Trademarks

a) Acts constituting infringement

Confusion of Goods vs. Confusion of Origin

Actual confusion vs. Likelihood of confusion