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    How To Minimize Project Cost Property

    Uploaded by

    LìññYëîkPäìñg
    This document provides guidance on minimizing project costs related to concrete construction techniques. It discusses using proper leveling and formwork to reduce the need for expensive concrete toppings. It also describes methods to reduce rebar splicing costs, such as using lap splices, couplers, or welded splices. Finally, it recommends designing formwork that is small, durable, and easy to handle, erect, and strip to minimize formwork costs.

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    How To Minimize Project Cost Property

    Uploaded by

    LìññYëîkPäìñg
    33 views75 pages
    This document provides guidance on minimizing project costs related to concrete construction techniques. It discusses using proper leveling and formwork to reduce the need for expensive concrete toppings. It also describes methods to reduce rebar splicing costs, such as using lap splices, couplers, or welded splices. Finally, it recommends designing formwork that is small, durable, and easy to handle, erect, and strip to minimize formwork costs.

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    HOW_TO_MINIMIZE_PROJECT_COST_PROPERTY

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    This document provides guidance on minimizing project costs related to concrete construction techniques. It discusses using proper leveling and formwork to reduce the need for expensive concrete toppings. It also describes methods to reduce rebar splicing costs, such as using lap splices, couplers, or welded splices. Finally, it recommends designing formwork that is small, durable, and easy to handle, erect, and strip to minimize formwork costs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    33 views75 pages

    How To Minimize Project Cost Property

    Uploaded by

    LìññYëîkPäìñg
    This document provides guidance on minimizing project costs related to concrete construction techniques. It discusses using proper leveling and formwork to reduce the need for expensive concrete toppings. It also describes methods to reduce rebar splicing costs, such as using lap splices, couplers, or welded splices. Finally, it recommends designing formwork that is small, durable, and easy to handle, erect, and strip to minimize formwork costs.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 75

    How to minimize the project cost properly

    (Construction Techniques)

    Date 27/12/2015
    How to minimize the project cost
    properly
    1.1 For what is concrete topping?
    Fig 1. Concrete topping on precast concrete slab

    Shear connector In-situ concrete topping


    Reinforcing mesh Reinforcement

    Tranverse PC concrete Slab


    reinforcement

    Steel beam
    Fig 2. Concrete topping on steel sheet decking

    Poured in place
    Concrete slab Continuous slab over wall or
    Wire mesh draped Beam forms an acoustical soal
    Over top chord Hambro* joist with
    To form catenary bearing shoe

    4’-8”
    Typical Span
    1½” Metal deck supported by
    Hambro* Joist top chord angle Cold rolled top chord ‘S’ portion
    and/or structural bearing surface Embedded in slab for composite action
    Fig 3. Concrete topping for water proofing

    Wall
    Topping concrete

    Water proofing - 2
    Fillet

    Water proofing - 1

    RC floor
    Fig 4.
    Concrete topping covering
    the bath &wc pipe

    Fig 5. Thermo-Floor Pipe


    1. What concrete topping is it? It is levelling concrete topping.

    a) no well-discussion participaters
    b) incorrect level of concrete slab
    c) another layer of concrete
    d) expensive
    2. How to dismiss the cost of levelling topping concrete

    Step 1. level not exceeding +/- 3 mm.


    Step 2. cover block or bar chair
    Step 3. slab bottom rebar
    Step 4. all starter bars
    Step 5. standee bars
    Step 6. Set up top rebar on standee bar.

    Step 7. Set up all kicker formwork of column, stair, car ramp,


    lift wall and other needs as drawing.
    Step 8. Check coordinate of all kickers and most top rebar’s
    elevation.
    Step 9. Pour the concrete
    - layer by layer
    - an internal vibrator
    - 5 to 20 percent entrapped air
    The best results of a good vibrated concrete
    1. compressive strength.
    2. the bonding capacity
    3. the permeability
    4. the cold joints, honeycombing and segregation.
    5. greater durability

    3 days under constant Splitting of Specimen


    head water (0.5Mpa)

    Concrete
    specimen
    1.4 how to use internal concrete vibrator

    1. Deposit maximum 20 inches

    2. Make lift level as possible.


    3. No move concrete horizontally.

    4. plunge or Insert vertically


    5. a uniform spacing

    6. sink by mean of its own weight


    Head 2”3/8 (60.3mm) 1”7/8 (47.6mm)
    Diameter
    Head Length 18” (457.2mm) 19” (482.2mm)

    Head Weight 14 lb. (6.4kg) 11 lb. (6.4kg)


    7. to knit the two layers together.

    8. do not worry about over-vibrating


    9. Withdraw the vibrator gradually

    10. take on sheen, stop the vibrator


    11. the vibrator hole does not close
    12. Do not touch the vibrator head

    13. Do not over-bend the vibrator


    14. a spare vibrator ready
    15. Not all concrete vibrators work for all job.
    Step 10. put the screed-guide-rail
    And then put the fresh concrete and use the hand spreader

    Puddle as known as Duck pool


    complete the concreting
    with
    small screed machine

    check and record using


    straight edges with bubble
    1.5 care the list of tools!
    No one wants to get to the job site and realize they left a
    tool behind.
    1. Mixers
    2. Wheelbarrows
    3. Rubber boots
    4. Glove
    5. Safety glass
    6. Compactor - concreting on a sub-base
    7. Levels: standard lone-line level, or laser level
    8. Tape measure
    9. Saws or grinders - They can also be necessary to cut
    rebar or form on the jobsite, if a problem develops.
    10. Shovels - help distribute concrete to fill in gap

    11. Concrete rakes - freshly-poured concrete spreader

    12. Tampers - with low slump concrete

    13. Vibrator
    14. Concrete Screed tool
    15. Bull float - after the screed work
    16.
    Magnesium
    float / wood float:

    17. Kneeling board


    18.
    Hand-trowel, or
    power trowels

    19.
    Float blades and
    troweling blades
    20.
    Groove cutter /
    jointer tool

    21.
    Edger – round
    exposed
    concrete
    edges
    22. Brooms (slip resistant broom finished concrete)

    23. Polisher –to produce a surface finish effect


    24. Dust collection systems – When grinding, polishing, drilling
    or sawing concrete, and a dust collection system helps clear
    the work area and protect the onsite workers.
    1.6 Please remember! Do the following tests!

    1. Slump test

    20, 10, 30; 16, 60, 25; true slump, shear slump, collapse slump
    2. Cube test

    150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm


    steel bar
    380 mm long x
    weight 1.8 kg x
    25 mm square end
    - three approximately equal
    layers
    - 35 stokes
    - 24 hours 7 days curing or
    - 28 days curing
    - 140 kg/cm2
    - apply oil
    So, 1. Casting the concrete slab with good workmanship for
    dismissing the concrete topping, the project cost will be decreased
    properly!
    2.
    Reduction Rebar Splicing Cost Properly

    - to behave monolithically
    - a key element
    - the structure engineer
    - three methods of splicing

    1. Lap splice
    2. Coupler Splice, and
    3. Welded Splice
    1. Lap splice

    Clear Space
    Max. 1/5
    Lap
    Length, but
    Not more
    than 6”
    (150mm)

    Contact Lap Splices (Preferred) Non-Contact Lap Splices

    - to create a continuous line of rebar


    - The length of the lap varies depend on
    - two types of lap splices
    - bars of two sizes are lap-spliced in tension
    - 3-bar bundle / 4-bar bundle
    Lap splice problem
    1. Rebar congestion
    2. Insufficient splice length
    3. Determining splice length for different types of rebar
    4. Needing the lapping length for the lap splice.
    4. Needing the lapping length for the lap splice.

    Lap at least 30D


    Concrete Steel Rebar Type Splice
    strength Grade Length
    #4 41 inches
    #5 51 inches
    2500 psi #6 61 inches
    #7 89 inches
    60000 psi #8 102 inches
    =
    #4 37 inches
    413N/mm
    #5 47 inches
    3000 psi #6 56 inches
    #7 81 inches
    #8 93 inches

    - lapping length +10% + cutting wastage +10% = 20%


    - How can reduce its cost?
    - like continuous reinforcement
    - Independent of concrete
    - dense reinforcement members & congestion of rebar
    - concrete flow & consolidation, and rebar fixing errors
    - No special skills or equipment
    Most common types of coupler

    1. Tapered Thread coupler

    2. Parallel threaded coupler – suitable for project of all sites


    2-1 If continuous bar can be rotated

    2-2 rotate for no more than one revolution


    2-3 cannot be rotate, with locknuts

    3. MBT Mechanically Bolted rebar Coupler

    4. Grout Sleeve rebar Couplers


    5. Cold pressed rebar couplers

    6. Adjustable rebar couplers


    7. Bolded rebar coupler for steel sections and plates

    Offers quick and easy solution for connecting reinforcement


    bar to structural steel element, withstand man-made blasts, and
    other seismic events.
    Withstand (v.t) - ဆန္.က်င္၊တြန္းလွန္၊ခုခံသည္။ blast - ေလျပင္း
    3. Welded splice
    - CRSI recommends against
    - if necessary
    - conform to AWS D1.4/D1.4M
    1. strong
    2. face
    3. easily
    4. weathers
    5. handled
    6. access
    7. regulations
    8. leakage
    Formwork is made from expensive materials, and
    require great skill and experience in it manufactures. The cost
    of fabrication, erecting and striking the form work, often
    exceeds the cost of concrete.
    a. Formwork should be small.
    If it is easy and save to handle, erect, strip, cleaned and store, the
    formwork can be several uses.

    To gain easy to carry, erect, remove, clean and store, the


    standard size of formwork panel should be small enough.
    If it can be stripped and repeated as early as possible, the
    requirement of formwork can be minimize.

    Leaving a prop supported at the red small block around the


    center of the drawing, while stripping the slab formwork, it can
    be repeated early.
    c. Formwork have to be smart.
    To get a smart formwork of avoiding unnecessary difficulties of work
    and prevent damage from formwork parts, please, follow the below.

    a. in too many nails c. easy and first! e. cleaning machine


    b. as necessary as d. small enough
    Keep in mine, it must be stripped while starting to erect
    the formwork. And it must strength and be economized.
    Element day
    1 Wall 7
    2 Column 7
    3 Slab 14
    4 Vertical side of beam 7
    5 beam 21
    1. Formwork should be small enough to avoid the
    damage of handling, erecting and striping.
    2. Formwork should be repeated as early as possible.
    3. Formwork should be smart.
    1. Formwork should be small enough to avoid the
    damage of handling, erecting and striping.
    2. Formwork should be repeated as early as possible.
    3. Formwork should be smart.
    1. Formwork should
    be small enough
    to avoid the
    damage of
    handling, erecting
    and striping.
    2. Formwork should
    be repeated as
    early as possible.
    3. Formwork should
    be smart.
    Now I have presented how to minimize the project cost
    properly.
    1. Trying heartily to get the accurate level of formwork, rebar
    and concreting;
    2. putting the rebar coupler splice in the place of lap splice; and
    3. using the available style of system formwork,
    the project cost will be reduced properly.

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