Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 27 views

    Structural Design 1: Module in

    Uploaded by

    kangkong
    1) Reinforced concrete is a combination of concrete and steel where the steel provides tensile strength to compensate for concrete's low tensile strength. Concrete has high compressive strength but low tensile strength. 2) Concrete is made of cement, water, fine and coarse aggregates. Common steel reinforcement grades are 40 ksi and 60 ksi. 3) Properties of reinforced concrete include compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio, creep, tensile strength, and shear strength. Loads on structures can be dead, live, or environmental.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Structural Design 1: Module in

    Uploaded by

    kangkong
    27 views4 pages
    1) Reinforced concrete is a combination of concrete and steel where the steel provides tensile strength to compensate for concrete's low tensile strength. Concrete has high compressive strength but low tensile strength. 2) Concrete is made of cement, water, fine and coarse aggregates. Common steel reinforcement grades are 40 ksi and 60 ksi. 3) Properties of reinforced concrete include compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio, creep, tensile strength, and shear strength. Loads on structures can be dead, live, or environmental.

    Original Description:

    Original Title

    ssstttdl

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    1) Reinforced concrete is a combination of concrete and steel where the steel provides tensile strength to compensate for concrete's low tensile strength. Concrete has high compressive strength but low tensile strength. 2) Concrete is made of cement, water, fine and coarse aggregates. Common steel reinforcement grades are 40 ksi and 60 ksi. 3) Properties of reinforced concrete include compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio, creep, tensile strength, and shear strength. Loads on structures can be dead, live, or environmental.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    27 views4 pages

    Structural Design 1: Module in

    Uploaded by

    kangkong
    1) Reinforced concrete is a combination of concrete and steel where the steel provides tensile strength to compensate for concrete's low tensile strength. Concrete has high compressive strength but low tensile strength. 2) Concrete is made of cement, water, fine and coarse aggregates. Common steel reinforcement grades are 40 ksi and 60 ksi. 3) Properties of reinforced concrete include compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio, creep, tensile strength, and shear strength. Loads on structures can be dead, live, or environmental.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Module in

    STRUCTURAL DESIGN 1

    SESSION TOPIC 1: INTRODUCTION TO REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

    LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

    At the end of the session you will:


    1. Determine the physical and structural properties of reinforced concrete.
    2. Determine reinforced concrete materials and components.

    KEY TERMS
    Reinforced concrete Concrete Steel Reinforcement Stresses
    Forces Loads Material Properties Failure Analysis

    CORE CONTENT

    Introduction

    Concrete – a mixture of sand, gravel, crush rocks, or other aggregates held together in a rock like mass
    with a paste, cement and water

    a. Has high compressive strength


    b. Very low tensile strength

    Reinforced Concrete – a combination of concrete and steel wherein the steel reinforcements provide
    the tensile strength lacking in the concrete. Steel reinforcement is also capable of resisting compression
    forces and is used in columns as well.

    Composition of Concrete

    1. Cement – ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) name Type I, II, III, IV, V.
    a. ASTM Type I – general use concrete
    b. ASTM Type II – lower heat of hydration concrete
    c. ASTM Type III – high early strength concrete
    d. ASTM Type IV – low heat cement
    e. ASTM Type V – cement used when there is excessive use of sulphate
    2. Water – it should be clean, free from oil, alkali, acid and organic matter
    3. Aggregates
    a. Fine – smaller than 3/8” in diameter, includes natural sand.
    b. Coarse – larger than 3/8” in diameter, includes crushed stoned, gravel, slag
    4. Admixture – substances added to improve its workability, accelerate its set, harden its surface,
    etc.
    Steel Reinforcement

    Common Grades, Fy
    Grade 40 40 KSI 275.8 Mpa
    Grade 60 60 KSI 413.7 Mpa

    Bar Diameter
    Number
    English Metric
    3 3/8 “ 10 mm
    4 1/2" 12 mm
    5 5/8” 16 mm
    6 3/4" 20 mm
    8 1 25 mm
    9 1 1/8” 28 mm
    10 1 1/4" 32 mm
    Note : Number indicates bar diameter in eights of an inch.
    Es = modulus of elasticity E = 200 Gpa = 29000 KSI

    Properties of Reinforced Concrete

    Compressive Strength (fc’) – determine by testing the failure 28-day old using 6 in by 12 in concrete
    cylinder. 20.7 Mpa to 28 Mpa (Normal Use)

    Static Modulus of Elasticity –

    ‫ܧ‬௖ = 57000ඥ݂ܿ′ as per ACI (normal weight concrete) in psi

    ‫ܧ‬௖ = 4700ඥ݂ܿ′ normal crushed stone or gravel concrete with 2320 kg/m3 mass. (Mpa)

    Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity–generally 10% to 20% larger than static modulus. Used in the analysis
    of seismic and impact loads.

    Poission’s Ratio - ratio of transvere strain to axial strain. Average value of 0.16.

    Creep - additional information under sustained compressive loads for long period of time. Also
    known as plactic flow.

    Tensile Strength – about 8 % to 15% of its compressive strength.

    Modulus of Rupture – flexural tensile strength of concrete.


    ெ௖
    ݂௥ = (concrete is assumed to be perfectly elastic)
    ூ

    ݂‫ = ݎ‬7.5ඥ݂ܿ′ in psi (ACI) ݂‫ = ݎ‬0.7ඥ݂ܿ′ in MPa

    Shear Strength
    Introduction to Loads

    Dead Load –weight of structure under consideration and fixtures permanently attached to it.

    Live Load – occupancy load, loads that can change in magnitude and position.

    Environmental Load – loads caused by environment

    a. Snow and Ice


    b. Rain
    c. Wind
    d. Seismic

    Advantages of Reinforced Concrete as Structural Member


    a. It has considerable compressive strength as compared to most other materials.
    b. Great resistance to actions of fire and water and best material available for situation where
    water is present.
    c. Reinforced concrete structures are very rigid.
    d. It is a low-maintenance material.
    e. It has a very long service life compared to other materials. Under proper condition, it can be
    used indefinitely without reduction of load carrying abilities. Strength of concrete does not
    decrease with time but increase over long period, measured in years due to lengthy process of
    solidification of the cement paste.
    f. The most economical material available for footing, basement walls, piers, and similar
    application.
    g. Ability to be cast into variety of shapes.
    h. Lower grade of skilled labor is required for erection as compared to other materials such as
    structural steel.

    Disadvantages of Reinforced Concrete as Structural Member

    a. Very low tensile strength


    b. Forms are required to hold the concrete in place until it hardens sufficiently.
    c. Low strength per unit weight leads to heavy members. Important matter for long span
    structures where concrete dead weight has great effect on bending moment.
    d. Low strength per unit volume means relatively large members, important consideration for tall
    structures.
    e. Varying properties of concrete. Placing and curing is not carefully controlled as in the production
    of other materials such as structural steel and laminated wood.
    IN-TEXT ACTIVITY

    SESSION SUMMARY

    Reinforced Concrete –is a combination of concrete and steel wherein the steel reinforcements provide
    the tensile strength lacking in the concrete. Steel reinforcement is also capable of resisting compression
    forces and is used in columns as well. Different properties as discussed above.

    SELF ASSESSMENT

    ACTIVITY 1
    Introduction to Reinforced Concrete Design

    Name: ________________ SCORE:


    ______________
    Major: ________________ Date: ________________

    Instruction: Answer the question briefly in essay format. As nacivil engineer, how will you
    choose the material for building construction?

    REFERENCES

    Jack C McCormac. Design of Reinforced Concrete / Russel H Brown. -- 9th ed. – John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
    c2015.

    You might also like