0013 Bt5-Precast Construction
0013 Bt5-Precast Construction
0013 Bt5-Precast Construction
CONTRUCTION
Intended Learning Outcome
•Describe the technology related to high strength
concrete and demonstrate awareness of the
important factors affecting its performance in
practical applications.
Plant-Cast Precast
Concrete
• Structural elements
are commonly
reinforced with tightly
stretched
pretensioned steel
strands, which
provide increased
structural efficiency.
• Conventional steel
reinforcing is added
for resistance to
thermal and other
secondary stresses.
15 PRECAST CONCRETE FRAMING SYSTEMS
Plant-Cast Precast
Concrete
• On the construction site,
precast concrete
elements are lifted into
place and assembled
into structural assemblies
in a process similar to
that used for structural
steel.
• Compared to sitecast
concrete, precast
concrete erection is
faster and less affected
by adverse weather
conditions. A vacuum lifting device is used to lift and place precast
concrete pranks.
15 PRECAST CONCRETE FRAMING SYSTEMS
PRECAST,
PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL
ELEMENTS
PRECAST, PRESTRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Precast Concrete
Columns and Wall
Panels
• Provide support for
beam and slab
elements.
• Since these elements
carry mainly axial
loads with little
bending force, they
may be
conventionally
reinforced without
prestressing.
• Or, long, slender
multistory elements
may be prestressed
to provide resistance
to bending forces
during handling and
erection (columns at
right).
PRECAST, PRESTRESSED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Assembly Concepts
for Precast
Concrete
Buildings
• A parking garage
structure
consisting of
precast double
tees supported
by inverted tee
beams on
haunched
columns.
15 PRECAST CONCRETE FRAMING SYSTEMS
MANUFACTURING OF
PRECAST CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL
ELEMENTS
MANUFACTURING OF PRECAST CONCRETE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Prestressing and
Reinforcing Steel
• Many precast
elements contain
both prestressing
strands and
conventional
reinforcing.
• Right: The
prestressing strands
for an AASHTO
girder are depressed
into a shallow v-
shape to most
efficiently resist
tensile forces in the
beam. Shear stirrups
are formed from
conventional steel
reinforcing.
MANUFACTURING OF PRECAST CONCRETE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Casting Hollow Core
Planks
• Once the concrete
has cured to
sufficient strength,
the castings are cut
into sections of
desired length
(above).
• In some cases,
transverse
bulkheads are
inserted to divide
the casting bed into
sections before
concrete is placed.
In this case, only the
prestressing strands
need to be cut to
separate the
sections (below).
MANUFACTURING OF PRECAST CONCRETE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Casting Hollow
Core Planks
• Sample hollow
core slab
sections of
varying
depths.
• At bottom left,
note the
insulated
sandwich floor
panel.
15 PRECAST CONCRETE FRAMING SYSTEMS
JOINING PRECAST
CONCRETE ELMENTS
JOINING PRECAST CONCRETE ELEMENTS
Example Beam-
to-Column
Connection
• Beams are set
on bearing
pads on the
column
corbels.
• Steel angles
are welded to
metal plates
cast into the
beams and
columns and
the joint is
grouted solid.
JOINING PRECAST CONCRETE ELEMENTS
Example Slab-to-
Beam
Connection
• Hollow core
slabs are set on
bearing pads on
precast beams.
• Steel reinforcing
bars are in
inserted into the
slab keyways to
span the joint.
• The joint is
grouted solid.
• The slab may
remain
untopped as
shown, or
topped with
several inches of
cast in place
concrete.
JOINING PRECAST CONCRETE ELEMENTS
Sitecast
Concrete
Toppings over
Precast Slabs
• Greater floor
strength and
stiffness
• Greater fire
resistance
• Greater
acoustic
isolation
• Allow easy
integration of
electrical
services into
floor system
• Create a
smoother,
flatter floor
JOINING PRECAST CONCRETE ELEMENTS
Precast Concrete
Construction and
Seismic Design
• In areas of high seismic
risk, structures must be
designed to respond
safely to the dynamic
forces imparted into
the structure.
• Innovations in joint
design are improving
the connection
systems in precast
concrete structures
and making them
increasingly suitable
for use in such areas. A large scale test facility for simulating seismic forces on precast
concrete structural systems.