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    States of Matter (Key Definitations and Concepts)

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    Shruti Gorakh Gadhia
    Rock, air, and water are made of tiny particles too small to see. Particles in solids do not move, but in liquids and gases they move freely, colliding and bouncing in all directions. The smallest particles are atoms, which can join together to form molecules like in water, or ions like in potassium manganate(VII). States of matter depend on how tightly packed and how much energy particles have - solids have fixed shape and volume, liquids flow but keep their volume, and gases spread to fill their container and are much lighter than solids or liquids of the same volume.

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    States of Matter (Key Definitations and Concepts)

    Uploaded by

    Shruti Gorakh Gadhia
    45 views6 pages
    Rock, air, and water are made of tiny particles too small to see. Particles in solids do not move, but in liquids and gases they move freely, colliding and bouncing in all directions. The smallest particles are atoms, which can join together to form molecules like in water, or ions like in potassium manganate(VII). States of matter depend on how tightly packed and how much energy particles have - solids have fixed shape and volume, liquids flow but keep their volume, and gases spread to fill their container and are much lighter than solids or liquids of the same volume.

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    States of Matter

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    States of Matter (Key definitations and concepts)

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    Rock, air, and water are made of tiny particles too small to see. Particles in solids do not move, but in liquids and gases they move freely, colliding and bouncing in all directions. The smallest particles are atoms, which can join together to form molecules like in water, or ions like in potassium manganate(VII). States of matter depend on how tightly packed and how much energy particles have - solids have fixed shape and volume, liquids flow but keep their volume, and gases spread to fill their container and are much lighter than solids or liquids of the same volume.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    45 views6 pages

    States of Matter (Key Definitations and Concepts)

    Uploaded by

    Shruti Gorakh Gadhia
    Rock, air, and water are made of tiny particles too small to see. Particles in solids do not move, but in liquids and gases they move freely, colliding and bouncing in all directions. The smallest particles are atoms, which can join together to form molecules like in water, or ions like in potassium manganate(VII). States of matter depend on how tightly packed and how much energy particles have - solids have fixed shape and volume, liquids flow but keep their volume, and gases spread to fill their container and are much lighter than solids or liquids of the same volume.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Rock, air, and water look very different.

    But they have one big thing in


    common: they are all made of very tiny pieces, far too small to see.
    For the moment, we will call these pieces particles.

    In rock and other solids, the particles are not free to move around. But
    in liquids and gases, they move freely. As they move they collide with
    each other, and bounce off in all directions.

    The very smallest particles, that we cannot break down further by


    chemical means, are called atoms.

    The particles consist of two or more atoms joined together. These


    particles are called molecules. Water, bromine, and the gases nitrogen
    and oxygen in air, are made up of molecules.

    The particles consist of atoms or groups of atoms that carry a charge.


    These particles are called ions. Potassium manganate(VII) is made of
    ions.

    A solid has a fixed shape and a fixed volume. It does not flow. Think of
    all the solid things around you: their shapes and volumes do not change

    A liquid flows easily. It has a fixed volume, but its shape changes. It
    takes the shape of the container you pour it into.

    A gas does not have a fixed volume or shape. It spreads out to fill its
    container. It is much lighter than the same volume of solid or liquid.

    Diagrammatic representation of concepts

    REVERSING CHANGES
    Difference between intramolecular and intermolecular bond

    Heating Curves
    Arrangement of particles
    Change in states.

    When a solid is heated, its particles get more energy and vibrate more.
    This makes the solid expand. At the melting point, the particles vibrate
    so much that they break away from their positions. The solid turns
    liquid.

    When a liquid is heated, its particles get more energy and move faster.
    They bump into each other more often, and bounce further apart. This
    makes the liquid expand. At the boiling point, the particles get enough
    energy to overcome the forces between them. They break away to
    form a gas:

    Some particles in a liquid have more energy than others. Even well
    below the boiling point, some have enough energy to escape and form
    a gas. This is called evaporation

    The stronger the forces, the more heat energy is needed to overcome
    them. So the higher the melting and boiling points will be.
    Gas Pressure

    All gases exert pressure. Pressure depends on the temperature of the


    gas and volume of the gas.

     When you heat a gas in a closed container, its pressure


    increases. That is why the pressure gets very high inside a
    pressure cooker.

     When a gas is compressed into a smaller space, its pressure


    increases. Blowing bicycle tyre is compressing air into inner tube.

    All gases can be compressed. If enough force is applied, the


    particles can be pushed so close that the gas turns into a liquid.
    But liquids and solids cannot be compressed, because their
    particles are already very close together.

    Rate of diffusion in gases

    Diffusion is when particles collide and bounce off each other in


    all direction in gases.

    Rate of diffusion in gases is not same they depend on 2 factors

    Mass of the particle


    Temperature

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