PC Girder Class 10 - Mist

CE 410: Concrete Structures Design Sessional II
Design of Prestressed Concrete I-Girder Bridge

PATGATI BRIGE:
Sheikh Lutfor Rahman Bridge
Dapdapia Approach Viaduct
Prestressed I-girder construction :
Padma bridge access road Janjira
Outline
• Basics of Prestress
• LRFD method
• Load-HL93
• Design of PC I-girder bridge
– Slab design
– Girder design
– etc
Prestress
Cable
Tendon
• Video
• Video
• video
KMA Video
Video
Video (Chinese)
See model
Steps of post-tensioned PC girder
bridge construction
• Preparation of casting bed
• Preparation of reinforcement cage, place tendon duct with tendon
in it
• Place end bearing plate
• Place side form-work and casting (followed by curing), concrete
gains target strength
• Starting prestressing tendon one by one (may be from both end),
still on bed
• Check slip
• Grouting,
• Lift on temporary support, casting the end to cover the anchors
• Lift on to bearing pad on bent beam
• Cast the deck slab on the PC girders
• Cast barriers
• TRH video
Cast in situ or precast ?
• Both
Prestressing in bentcap/hammerhead
LRFD method
• Strength I
1.25 Self + 1.50 Barr +1.50 Wear+ 1.75 Live + 1.00 Prestress
• Strength II
• Strength III
1.25 Self + 1.50 Barr +1.5 Wear+ 1.40 Wind + 1.00 Prestress
• Strength IV
1.50 Self + 1.50 Barr +1.5 Wear + 1.00 Prestress
• Strength V
1.25 Self + 1.50 Barr +1.5 Wear + 1.00 Prestress +0.40 Wind
+1.00 Wind on Live
• Service I
1.0 Self + 1.0 Barr +1.0 Wear+ 1.0 Live + 1.00 Prestress +
0.3 Wind +1.0 Wind on Live
• Service II
• Service III
• Service IV
1.0 Self + 1.0 Barr +1.0 Wear+1.00 Prestress + 0.7 Wind
• Extreme I
1.25 Self + 1.50 Barr +1.50 Wear+ 0.5 Live + 1.00 Prestress +
1.0 Earthquake
• Extreme II
DESIGN OF DECK
• Span (c/c of bearing)= 85ft to 120ft
– Roll No+84 (Roll No-roll no of 1st student)+85
• Width of bridge (two lane with sidewalk)
– Odd384” (45”+12’-3”+12’-3”+45”)
– Even368”(40”+12’-0”+12’-0”+40”)
• No of girder= 4
– Odd36”+3*104”+36”= 384”
– Even34”+3*100”+34”=368”
Girder selection
• Span > 95ft, AASHTO Type VI
• Span<94ft, AASHTO Type V
• Bulb-Tee section
• Future wearing-35psf (3”, unit wt= 140pcf)
• Railing
• Sidewalk
• Future wearing -35 psf (A1,B1,C1)

• Future wearing -40 psf (A2,B2,C2)
Material
Effective Slab width
• Interior-smaller of
• Span/4
• Greater of
– 12 avg slab thickness +web thickness
– 12 avg slab thickness +1/2 width of top flange
• Centre to centre
• From another problem
Slab Design
Slab/Deck thickness
• Not less than 7 in
• If less than span/20, prestressing required
• Generally not less than 8in (including 0.5in
integral wearing)
Dead Load Moment
𝑤𝑙 2 𝑤𝑙 2
• 𝑀= or
10 12
8
• Self weight = *150= 100 psf
12
• Future wearing= 30 psf
• Span of one way slab = c/c of girder
0.1∗9.662
• +ve –ve Moment MDL= =0.933 k-ft/ft
10
0.03∗9.662
• +ve –ve Moment Mwear= =0.28 k-ft/ft
10
Design section for negative moment
1 1
• ∗ 𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = ∗ 42 = 14 𝑖𝑛. < 15𝑖𝑛. Ok
3 3
Live
Load
Effects
Strength I
• Strength I = 1.25 Self +1.5 Wear +1.75 LL
• Positive MDL=1.25*0.933+1.5*0.28+1.75*6.74
= 13.38 k-ft/ft
d= total thickness –cover-0.5 bar dia-wearing
=8.0-1.0-0.5*0.625-0.5
=6.19in
Design for positive moment
′ 𝑀𝑢
• 𝑘 = 2 =0.388 k/in2
∅𝑏𝑑
𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑘′
• 𝜌= 0.85 1.0 − 1 −
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′
= 0.00688
• Use ACI formula
As =0.0426 in2/in #5 @ 7 in c/c

bottom steel perpendicular to traffic
Maximum minimum reinforcement
• Check c/dt or steel strain
Crack width control at Service I
• Allowable reinforcement Stress
Control of Cracking by distribution of
Reinforcement
Design for negative moment
• Strength I = 1.25 Self +1.5 Wear +1.75 LL
• Negative
MDL=1.25*0.933+1.5*0.28+1.75*4.21
= 8.95 k-ft/ft
d= total thickness – top cover-0.5 bar dia
=8.0-2.5-0.5*0.625
=5.19in
Design for negative moment
′ 𝑀𝑢
• 𝑘 = 2 = k/in2
∅𝑏𝑑
𝑓𝑐 ′ 2𝑘′
• 𝜌= 0.85 1.0 − 1 −
𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓𝑐 ′
=
As =0.0339 in2/in #5 @ 9 in c/c
Top steel perpendicular to traffic

Crack control top surface
Longitudinal Reinforcement
220
• ≤ 67%
𝑆
• S = the effective span length taken as equal to
the effective length specified in S9.7.2.3 (ft.);
the distance between sections for negative
moment and sections at the ends of one deck
span
= (116 – 14 – 14)/(12)
= 7.33 ft.
Longitudinal Reinforcement (Bottom)
bottom steel parallel to traffic

Longitudinal Reinforcement (Top)
• There are no specific requirements to
determine this reinforcement. Many
jurisdictions use #4 bars at 12 in. spacing for
the top longitudinal reinforcement
• Check Shrinkage and Temperature
reinforcement
Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement
Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement
Shrinkage and Temperature steel
7 in
Slab design summary
• Select thickness- min 7”, Let 8” (7.5+0.5integral
wearing surface)
– Clear cover top 2”, bottom 1”
• Find Moments for DL LL , positive, negative
• Find flexural steel for Strength I, main steel size min #5
• Check crack control for Service I, may reduce spacing
• Find distribution steel along traffic, this is bottom steel
• Find Shrinkage and Temperature steel, this will be top
steel along traffic, other steels are already found and
more than this. However, #4 @ 12” is common.
• There will four curtains of steel- two top, two bottom
Before next class
• Complete slab design
• Draw effective composite section
• Find section properties (A, cg, I)
– Girder only
– Composite section
GIRDER DESIGN
Dead Load Calculation
• Wearing= 30psf
Interior Girder: Live load moments
Interior Girder: Live load moments
Interior Girder: Live load shears
Before next class
• Find all dead and superimposed dead
• Dead
– Self wt of girder (consider end block =depth of girder, h, gradual over 0.5h)
– Wt of slab
– Diaphragm ( 2 on bearing, intermediate spacing <40ft)
• Superimposed
– Future wearing
– Sidewalk and railing (may assume 0.6 kip/ft each side)
posts are spaced at 5ft. Only for exterior girder.
• Find Live load distribution factors
– Two lane and one lane
– Moments and shear
• Find moments and shear along span (0.1L
interval)
– Truck load, use influence line, check with formula
– Lane load
– Sidewalk>2ft live load 75 psf, for exterior girder
• Live Load on a girder=DM*(Truck*IM+Lane)
• Prepare tables for interior girder
– Unfactored moments
– Unfactored shear
– Factored (Strength I, Service I,III) Moments
– Factored (Strength I, Service I,III) Shears
DESIGN
• Moments, shears at different sections obtained
for non-composite and composite
• Sectional properties- A, I, yb,yt, Sb, St, r, kt, kb
obtained for non-composite and composite
• Allowable stresses needed
• Strand properties
• Tensile strength= 1860MPa=270ksi
• Yield strength= 1670MPa= 242ksi
Estimate prestress force required
202.5 =0.75*270
0.75fpu
Post tension
Initial prestress=0.9fpy
Assume Loss=20%
Check at transfer of prestress to girder
• At transfer, there is tension at top of girder
and compression at bottom
• Check both these stresses are below allowable
• Only girder self wt
• Initial prestress
• Non composite section properties (only
girder)
Initial concrete strength at the time of prestress
Initial concrete strength at the time of prestress

At final condition
• Compression at girder top and slab top
• Tension at girder bottom
• Check these stress levels against allowable
Final flexural stresses
Girder compression check 1
Compression allowable stress
under all load +prestress
Slab compression check

under Super DL+LL

under all Dead Load +prestress
under LL+ ½( Dead Load
+prestress)
Compression allowable
stress under all load
+prestress

under all Dead Load +prestress
• `

under LL+ ½( Dead Load
+prestress)
Note 0.8
Checking if there
is compression
without LL and
check against
allowable
Longitudinal steel top of girder
Flexural resistance
Shear Design
1.68 in psi
Shear design
Finding dv
0.25 in
AASHTO
The End
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CE 410: Concrete Structures Design Sessional II

Design of Prestressed Concrete I-Girder Bridge

• Future wearing -35 psf (A1,B1,C1)

• Use ACI formula

As =0.0426 in2/in #5 @ 7 in c/c

As =0.0339 in2/in #5 @ 9 in c/c

Top steel perpendicular to traffic

bottom steel parallel to traffic

Initial concrete strength at the time of prestress

Slab compression check

Girder compression check 2

Girder compression check 2

Girder compression check 3

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