Diploe Moment and Inductive Effect Final Version
Diploe Moment and Inductive Effect Final Version
Diploe Moment and Inductive Effect Final Version
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
BS 2nd Year
Semester -III
Here,
Dipole Moment = (µ)
Charge = (Q)
distance of separation = (r)
It is measured in Debye units denoted by ‘D’. 1 D = 3.33564 ×
10-30 C.m, where C is Coulomb and m denotes a meter.
The bond dipole moment (μ) is also a
vector quantity, whose direction is
parallel to the bond axis. In chemistry,
the arrows that are drawn in order to
represent dipole moments begin at the
positive charge and end at the negative
charge
DIPOLE MOMENT OF H2O (WATER)
RESONANCE ENERGY
RULE OF RESONANCE
Movement of pi electron
between parall orbital is
called resonance
When we draw line bond structure of
acetate molecule we show a doubble
bond to one oxygen and a single bond to
other doubble bond to the “top oxygen
and a single bond to the bottom oxygen
.the two individual line bond structure for
acetate ion are called resonance form is
the placement of pi and non bonding
velance electron
What is resonance energy ?
The difference between the
potential energy of the actual structure
and that of the contributing structure with
the lowest potential energy is called
the resonance energy or
delocalization energy.
Resonance Energy
Atoms never move.
You can only move electrons in π bonds or
lone pairs (that are in p orbitals)
The overall charge of the system must
remain the same.
The bonding framework of a molecule
must remain intact.
Rule of resonance
Rule of resonance