Personalitatea

Table 19.1 Brief descriptions of major maladaptive and normative personality

domains (Five-Factor Level)
Maladaptive Personality (e.g., DSM-5 Trait Normative Personality (e.g., Five Factor Model)
Model)
Trait Description Trait Description
Antagonism Behaviors that put one at Agreeableness Tendency to be
odds with other people, compassionate towards
including ideas of self- and cooperative with
importance and others.
callousness towards
and/or unawareness of Extraversion Predisposition towards feeling
others. energetic, positive
emotions, sociable, and
Detachment Avoidance of socioemotional being assertive.
experience, including both
withdrawal from Exhibiting organized, self-
Conscientiousness
interpersonal interactions disciplined, dependable
and restricted affective behaviors, or the tendency
experience and expression. to aim for high
achievement.
Disinhibition Orientation towards
immediate gratification Neuroticism Orientation towards
and impulsivity with no experiencing strong and
regard for past learning or unpleasant emotions
future consequences. easily.

Negative Affectivity Openness to Experience Characterized by

Frequent and intense
experiences of a wide inventiveness, curiosity,
range of negative appreciation for art,
emotions. emotional expressiveness,
willingness to engage in
Psychoticism Exhibiting culturally unusual ideas, and i ntel
incongruent odd, lect.
eccentric, or unusual
behaviors and cognitions,
both in content and
process.

Note: Theoretically related traits across models lined on same rows

Categorial vs dimensional
 Categorial – DSM4
 Dimensional – există mai multe modele deci mai multe modele de măsurare – DSM5
 Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology (DAPP)
 Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP)
 Shedler–Westen Assessment Procedure (SWAP),
 Cloninger’s psychobiological model
 Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY-5)
 Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID5) – instrument al DSM5

DSM 5
 Criteriul A – evaluat între 0-4 (4 = afectare maximă, 0 = minimă; dg = minim 2)
 Afectarea funcționării intrapersonale - identitatea
 Afectarea funcționării interpersonale – empatia
 Criteriul B - 5 factori cu 25 de fațete
 Afectivitate negativă, detașare, antagonism, dezinhibiție, psihoticism
 DOMAINS DEFINITIONS
Abbr.
and facets

Frequent and intense experiences of high levels of a wide range of

NEGATIVE AFFECTIVITY negative emotions (e.g., anxiety, depression, guilt/ shame, worry, anger)
NA
vs. Emotional Stability and their behaviora (e g. , self-harm) and interpersonal (e.g. , dependency)
manifestations.

Instability of emotional experiences and mood; emotions that are easily

Emo Emotional labilit,'
aroused, intense, and/or out of proportion to events and circumstances.

Anx Feelings Of nervousness, tenseness, or panic in reaction to diverse

situations; frequent worry about the negative effects Of past unpleasant
Anxiousness
experiences and future negative possibilities; feeling feadul and
apprehensive about expecting the worst to happen.

Fears of being a one due to rejection by - and/or separation from -

NEGATIVE AFFECTIVITY

Sep Separation insecurity significant others, based in a lack of confidence in one's ability to care for
oneself, both physically and emotionally.

Adaptation of one's behavior to the actual or perceived interests and desires

Sub Submissiveness of others even when doing so is antithetical to one's own interests, needs, or
desires.

Persistent or frequent angry feelings; anger or irritability in response to

Host Hostility
minor slights and insults: mean, nasty, or vengeful behavior.

Persistence at tasks or in a particular way of doing things long after the

Pers perseveration behavior has ceased to be functional or effective; continuance of the same
behavior despite repeated failures or clear reasons for stopping.

Depr Depressivity See DETACHMENT

Susp Suspiciousness See DETACHMENT

Restricted affectivity (lack Of) The lack Of this facet characterizes low levels
Res (-) Restncted affectivity of Negative Affectivity, See Detachment for definltion
Of this facet,

Avoidance of socioemotional experience, including both withdrawal from

DETACHMENT
interpersonal interactions (ranging from casual, daily interactions to
DE vs.
friendships and intimate relationships) as well as restricted affective
Extraversion
experience and expression, particularly limited hedon'c capacity.

Preference for being alone to being with others; reticence in social situations
With Withdrawal avoidance of social contacts and activity; ack of initiation of social contact.
DETACHMENT

Avoidance of close or romantic relationships, interpersonal attachments,

Int Intimacy avoidance
and intimate sexual relationships.

Lack of enjoyment from, engagement in, or energy for life's experiences;

Anh Anhedonia
deficits in the capacity to feel pleasure and take interest in things.

Feelings of being down, miserable, and/or hopeless; difficulty recovering

from such moods; pessimism about the future; pervasive shame and/or
Depr Depressivity
guilt; feelings of inferior self-worth; thoughts of suicide and suicidal
behavior.
 DOMAINS DEFINITIONS
Abbr.
and facets

Little reaction to emotionally arousing situations; constricted emotional

Res Restricted affectivity experience and expression; indifference and aloofness in normatively
engaging situations.

Expectations of - and sensitivity to signs of interpersonal ill-intent or

Susp Suspiciousness harm; doubts about loyalty and fidelity of others; fælings of being
m'streated, used, and/or persecuted by others.

Behaviors that put the individual at odds with other people, including an
exaggerated sense of self-importance and a concomitant expectation of
ANTAGONISM
AN special treatment, as well as a callous antipathy toward others,
Agreeableness
encompassing both an unawareness of others' needs and feelings and a
readiness to use others in the service of self-enhancement.

Use of subterfuge to influence or control others; use of seduction, charm,

Man Manipulativeness
glibness, or ingratiation to achieve one's ends.
ANTAGONISMM

Dishonesty and fraudulence; misrepresentation Of self; embellishment or

Dec Deceitfulness
fabrication when relating events.

Believing that one is superior to others and deserves special treatment;

Gran Grandiosity
self-centeredness; feelings of entitlement' condescension toward others.

Engaging in behavior designed to attract notice and to make oneself the

Att Attention seeking
focus of others' attention and admiration.

Lack of concern for the fee ings or problems of others; lack of guilt or
Cal Callousness
remorse about the negative or harmful effects of one's actions on others.

Hos Hostility see NEGATIVE AFFECTIVITY

Orientation toward immediate gratification, leading to impu sive behavior

DISINHIBITION vs.
DI driven by current thoughts, feelings, and external stimuli, without regard for
Conscientiousness
past learning or consideration of future consequences.

Disregard for - and failure to honor-financial and other obligations or

Irr Irresponsibi ity commitments; lack of respect for - and ack of follow-through on -
agreements and promises; carelessness with others' property.

Acting on the spur Of the moment in response to immediate stimuli;

acting on a momentary basis without a plan or consideration Of outcomes:
Imp Impulsivity
difficulty establishing and following plans; a sense Of urgency and self-
harming behavior under emotional distress.
DISINHIBITION

Difficulty concentrating and focusing on tasks; attention easily diverted by

Dis Distractibility extraneous stimuli; difficulty maintaining goal-focused behavior, including
both planning and completing tasks.

Engagement in dangerous, risky, and potentially selfdamaging activities,

unnecessarily and without regard to consequences; lack of concern for one's
Ris Risk taking
limitations and denial of the reality of personal danger; reckless pursuit of
goals regardless of the level of risk involved.

Rigid insistence on everything being flaw ess, perfect, and without errors or
faults, including one's own and others' performance; sacrificing of
timeliness to ensure correctness •n every detail; believing that there is only
Rig (-) Rigid perfectionism
one right way to do things; diffculty changing ideas and/or v'ewpoint;
preoccupation with details, organization, and order. Low level of this facet
characterizes high leve s of Disinhibition.
PSYCHOTICISM

Exhibiting a wide range Of culturally incongruent Odd, eccentric, or unusual

PSYCHOTICISM
behaviors and cognitions, including both process perception,
vs. Lucidity
dissociation) and content (e beliefs).

Belief that one has unusual abilities, such as mind reading, telekinesis,
Unusual beliefs and
Unu thought-action fusion, unusual experiences of reality, including
expenences
hallucination-I'ke experiences.

Ecc Eccentric ty Odd, unusual, or bizarre behavior, appearance, and/or speech; having
strange and unpredictable thoughts; say ing unusual or inappropriate
 DOMAINS DEFINITIONS
Abbr.
and facets

things.

Cognitive and Odd or unusual thought processes and experiences, including depersona
perceptua ization, derealization, and dissociative experiences: mixed sleep-wake state
dysregulation experiences; thought-control experiences,

Personalități patologice DSM5

 antisocial
 evitant
 borderline
 narcisist
 obsesiv-compulsive
 Schizotipal

Personality Diagnosis criteria

Pathological domains
disorder and pathological facets
At least 6 out of:
 Manipulativeness
 Callousness
 Deceitulness Antagonism
Antisocial
 Hostility Dishhibition
 Risk taking
 Impulsivity
 Irrespons'bility
Required:
 Anxiousness
and at least 2 out of: Negative affectivity
Avoidant
 Withdrawal Detachment
 Anhedonia
 Intimacy avoidance
At least 4 out Of the following; r
equired 1 out Of:
 Impusivity
Dishhbition
 Risk taking
Negative affectivty
Borderline  Hostility and the Other out of:
(Antagonism
 Emotional lability
Detachment)
 Anxiousness
 Separation insecurity
 Depressivity
Required both:
Narcissistic  Grandiosity AntagonIsm
 Attention seeking
Required:
 Rigid perfectionism
Disinhibition
Obsessive- and at least 2 out Of:
Negative affectivity
compulsive  PerseveratiOn
Detachment
 Intimacy avoidance
 Restricted affectivity
At least 4 out of:
 Cognitive and perceptual dysregulaticn
Unusual beliefs and experiences Psychoticism
Schizotypal  Eccentricity Detachment
 Restricted affectivity (Negative affectivity)
 Withdrawal
 Suspiciousness