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    Gas Laws

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    Neil Braza
    1. The Kinetic Molecular Theory describes the behavior of gas particles, including that they are in constant, random motion and exert pressure when colliding with container walls. 2. Pressure is the amount of force applied over an area. Several standard pressure units are defined, including atmospheres and pascals. 3. Boyle's, Charles', Combined, Avogadro's, and Dalton's Laws describe the relationships between pressure, volume, temperature, moles of gas, and partial pressures in gas mixtures.

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    Gas Laws

    Uploaded by

    Neil Braza
    15 views2 pages
    1. The Kinetic Molecular Theory describes the behavior of gas particles, including that they are in constant, random motion and exert pressure when colliding with container walls. 2. Pressure is the amount of force applied over an area. Several standard pressure units are defined, including atmospheres and pascals. 3. Boyle's, Charles', Combined, Avogadro's, and Dalton's Laws describe the relationships between pressure, volume, temperature, moles of gas, and partial pressures in gas mixtures.

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    1. The Kinetic Molecular Theory describes the behavior of gas particles, including that they are in constant, random motion and exert pressure when colliding with container walls. 2. Pressure is the amount of force applied over an area. Several standard pressure units are defined, including atmospheres and pascals. 3. Boyle's, Charles', Combined, Avogadro's, and Dalton's Laws describe the relationships between pressure, volume, temperature, moles of gas, and partial pressures in gas mixtures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views2 pages

    Gas Laws

    Uploaded by

    Neil Braza
    1. The Kinetic Molecular Theory describes the behavior of gas particles, including that they are in constant, random motion and exert pressure when colliding with container walls. 2. Pressure is the amount of force applied over an area. Several standard pressure units are defined, including atmospheres and pascals. 3. Boyle's, Charles', Combined, Avogadro's, and Dalton's Laws describe the relationships between pressure, volume, temperature, moles of gas, and partial pressures in gas mixtures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    CHAPTER 12

    1. According to the Kinetic Molecular Theory:


    a. Gas particles are in constant, random motion.
    b. When gas particles collide with each other, they rebound and travel in new directions.
    When they collide with the walls of the container, they exert a pressure.
    c. The size of gas particles is small compared to the space between the particles.
    d. The attractive forces among the particles of a gas are negligible.
    e. The kinetic energy of gas particles increases with increasing temperature.

    2. Pressure is the amount of force applied over a given area.

    3. The standard unit for pressure is atmospheres (atm).


    1 atm = 760 mmHg (millimeters of mercury) (exact)
    1 atm = 760 torr (exact)
    1 atm = 1.013 bar
    1 atm = 14.7 psi (pounds per square inch)
    1 atm = 1.013 x 105 Pa (Pascal)

    4. Atmospheric pressure (or barometric pressure) is due to the downward pressure caused by
    molecules of air in the atmosphere.

    5. Boyle’s Law states that at constant temperature (T) and no. of moles of gas (n), the pressure
    of a gas (P) is indirectly proportional to its volume (V).
    P1V1 = P2V2

    6. Charles’ Law states that at constant P and n, the V of a gas is directly proportional to the T.
    V1 V
    = 2
    T1 T2

    7. Combined Gas Law


    P1V1 P2 V2
    =
    T1 T2

    8. Avogadro’s Law states that at constant P and T, the V occupied by a gas is directly
    proportional to n of gas.
    V1 V2
    =
    n1 n2

    9. Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)


    Temperature (T) = 273.15 K
    Pressure (P) = 1 atm
    1 mol = 22.4 L
    10. Ideal Gas Law
    PV = nRT
    L i atm
    R = 0.0821
    mol i K

    11. The ideal gas law can be used to calculate the molar mass of a gas.
    a. Calculate the number of moles using PV=nRT.
    b. Use the formula below to calculate the molar mass.
    grams
    MM =
    moles
    dRT
    MM =
    P

    12. Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure


    The total pressure by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the
    gases in the mixture
    PTOT = PA + PB + PC + ….

    nA
    XA =
    nTOTAL

    PA = X APTOTAL

    13. The average kinetic energy of gaseous molecules is directly proportional to the absolute
    temperature of the sample. The average kinetic energies of molecules of different gases are
    equal at a given temperature.
    3RT
    u= u: average speed
    MW

    14. The rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight.

    15. Diffusion is a process that causes gases to spontaneously intermingle when they are brought
    together.

    16. Effusion is a process in which a gas escapes from a container through a small hole.
    1

    rate of effusion B ⎛ MW ⎞ 2
    = ⎜⎜ A
    ⎟⎟
    rate of effusion A ⎝ MWB ⎠

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