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    Dyeing & Printing

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    shpon
    The document discusses various processes involved in dyeing and printing of fabrics such as singeing, desizing, scouring, bleaching, and printing. It provides details on the objectives, methods, and machines used for each process. It also covers dye classification, properties of different types of dyes like acid dyes and direct dyes, factors affecting color fastness, and definitions of key terms like thickeners and methods of printing.

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    Dyeing & Printing

    Uploaded by

    shpon
    52 views13 pages
    The document discusses various processes involved in dyeing and printing of fabrics such as singeing, desizing, scouring, bleaching, and printing. It provides details on the objectives, methods, and machines used for each process. It also covers dye classification, properties of different types of dyes like acid dyes and direct dyes, factors affecting color fastness, and definitions of key terms like thickeners and methods of printing.

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    DYEING

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    The document discusses various processes involved in dyeing and printing of fabrics such as singeing, desizing, scouring, bleaching, and printing. It provides details on the objectives, methods, and machines used for each process. It also covers dye classification, properties of different types of dyes like acid dyes and direct dyes, factors affecting color fastness, and definitions of key terms like thickeners and methods of printing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    52 views13 pages

    Dyeing & Printing

    Uploaded by

    shpon
    The document discusses various processes involved in dyeing and printing of fabrics such as singeing, desizing, scouring, bleaching, and printing. It provides details on the objectives, methods, and machines used for each process. It also covers dye classification, properties of different types of dyes like acid dyes and direct dyes, factors affecting color fastness, and definitions of key terms like thickeners and methods of printing.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 13

    DYEING & PRINTING

    Inspection :
    Has fabric not fulfill as buyer requirement?
    Singeing-
    Remove hariness burn or anyhow.
    Desizing –
    Remove sizing material & bring hydrophilic nature from
    hydrophibic nature in a ward increase absorbency.
    Scouring-
    Remove impurities that remain in the cotton.
    Bleaching-
    Bring white color to remove natural color.
    Mercerizing-
    Use strength upgrade that is loss in the time of
    bleaching.
    Glycerine-
    Is a hydroscopic agent.
    Printing-
    Some place will dteing but if its on the white color so
    atfirst mercerizing then printing.
    Finising-
    Use attractiveness of the fabric.
    Backing-
    Faceside will remain inner side & back side will remain
    outerside.
    Dewatering-squizing
    Compacting-
    Increase density
    Sliting-
    This m/c is used for fabric cutting
    Stenter –
    This is called finishing machine.

    Expression ofwater hardness-


    1)PPM:no of parts of contaminates per million parts of
    water(mg/l)
    2)English degree:the no of grains per gallon.
     1 gallon=70000 grains
     1 gallon=10 pound (lb)
     1 gallon =4-5 lt
     ppm=English degree/0.7
     we found hardness 7 degree in English degree find
    out the ppm of hardness?
    We know,
    Ppm=7/0.7
    =10

    singeing-
    singeing is a process by which the projecting or floating
    fibers on the fabric surface are removed .it may be
    chemical or mechanical process.
    Objects-
     To remove loose hairy fibers from the surface of
    the cloth.thereby going it a smooth even & clean
    taking face.
     To increase lusture on the finished fabric.
     To prepare the fabric for next process.
     Optical levelness of the dyeing & clean outlines of a
    printing design.
    Singeing machine-
     Plate singeing m/c
     Roller singeing m/c
     Gas singeing m/c
     Plate singeing m/c-
    Adventage-
     Improve luster since actual contact of hot plate
     Effective for velvet & pile fabric.
    Disadvantage-
     Does not use now
     Temp cant contol uniformly
     Uneven singeing
     Does not proper single between stitch portion of
    fabric.
     If hari darkness is high-doesn’t singeing properly.
     Have no hairyness-singeing properly.
    Scouring-
    The term scouring applied to the removel of impurities
    such as oil,wax,soluble impurities & solid dirt commonly
    found in textile material & produce a hydrophilic & clean
    cloth.
    Objectives-
     To remove natural as well as added impurities of
    essentially hydrophibic character as completely as
    possible.
     To increase absorbency of textile material.
     To leave the fabric in a highly hydrophilic condition
    without undergoing chemical or physical change
    significantly scouring process defends on-
    1)The type of cotton
    2)The color of cotton
    3)The cleanliness of cotton
    4)The twist & count of yarn &
    5)The construction of fabric.
    Name of scouring m/c-
     High /low pressure kier boiler
     Gebaurs kier (vertical)
     Horizontal kier
     Jacksons kier
     Harrow rack m/c
     Levian than scouring m/c
     Jet scouring m/c
     Rotary dolly scouring m/c
     j-box
     brattice scouring m/c
    desizing –
    desizing is the first wet processing in textile finishing
    technology employed to remove the sizing material from
    the fabric.
    Objects –
     To remove starch from the fabric
     To increase absorbency of the fabric
     To increase lusture of dyeing & printing
     To perfect action of scouring & bleaching
     To make the fabric ready for the next subsequent
    process.
    Bleaching-
    Destruction of natural colouring matters to produce
    white fabrics & must be accomplished with a minimum of
    damage to the cotton being bleached .bleaching is not a
    cleaning process in the sense of scouring ,bleaching does
    not remove dirt.
    Objects-
     To impart a pure ,permanent & basic white effect to
    the fabric.
     To increase absorbency of fabric
     To produce white finishes
     To make to textile material suitable for sub-sequent
    operation.
    Bleaching agent-
    a)oxidizing agent-
     calcium hypochlorite
     sodium hypochlorite
     potassium dichromate
     sodium chlorite
     bleaching powder
     ozone
     hydrozen peroxide
     potassium permanganate
     per acetic acid.
    b)reducing agent-
     zinc dust
     staneous chloride
     ferus sulphate
     sulphur di-oxide
     sodium hydrosulphite
     hydrozen sulphite.

    Fastness –
    It’s the resistence of a textile material to specific
    chemical agent.
    Colour fastness-
    The resistence of a material to change in any of its
    colour characteristics to transfer of its colourant to
    adjacent material or both as a result of the exposure of
    the material to any environment that might be
    encountered during the processing testing storage are
    use or the material.

    Example of colour fastness-


     Wash fastness
     Light fastness
     Perspiration fastness
     Rubbing fastness
     Dry cleaning fastness
     Sea water fasyness
     Chlorinated water fastness &
     Water fastness
    How will I expose one colour this is called theory of
    dyeing.

    Dye classification-
     Physical form(visual)
     Application method(how we can do the apply)
     Chemical structure.

    Acid dye

    Properties of acid dye-


     Water soluble
     Always applied on acidic medium with organic or
    inorganic acid
     Acid dye has direct affinity towards protein fiber
    (silk,wool)
     Maximum cellulosic fiber not absorve acid dye
     Some acid has good light fastness
     Many bright shade is found. & maximum acid dye has
    sodium salt of caroxilic acid or sulphonic acid & anion
    group is active colour component.
    Classification by application-
     Class-1---strong acid dye
     Class-2---weak acid dye
     Class-3---neutral acid dye.

    Direct dye

    Properties of direct dye-


     Direct dye has sodium salt of sulphonic acid or
    carboxylic acid group so it easily dissoive in water.
     It has strong affinity to cellulosic fiber.protein
    fiber is also dyed by it.
     Cheap comparatively
     Easily diffuseable into fiber
     Wash fastness is not so good
     Used only alkaline or neutral medium
     Various shade is found by using this dyes.

    Basic dye-

    Properties of basic dye-


     Basic dye is water insoluble.soluble in alcohol &
    methylated sprit
     Brilliant shade is found & tinctorial strength is very
    high
     Basic dye react with strong alkali & produce
    colourless dye base but when reoxidized by acitic
    acid so basic dye again color component easily.
     No affinity for cotton fiber
     Direct affinity for jute fiber & easily dyed.

    Vat dye

    Properties of vat dye-


     Vat dye is water insoluble & it should not be directly
    used in textile material
     Mainly used for cellulosic fiber dyeing but in protein
    fiber dyeing,ph should be controlled
     Rubbing fastness is not so good
     Dyeing process is difficult
     Various shade is found
     Costly.

    Properties of solubilized vat dye-


     Soluble in water
     Affinity for textile material
     Affinity increase with the increase of temp
     Sensitive to oxidation & development period.
    Reactive dye
    Reactive dye make covalent bond with celluloxic & protein
    fiber ICI (UK) company W.H perkin 1856 first develop
    synthetic dye.
    Properties of reactive dye-
     Reactive dye make civalent bond with fiber
     Water soluble
     Used for cellulosic fiber & protein fiber dyeing
     Many shade is found
     Dyeing in alkaline medium
     Wet fastness is good
     Rubbing fastness is good
     Dyeing mechanism is easy
     Cheaf.

    Properties of disperse dye-


     Water insoluble but soluble in benzene
     Light fastness is good
     Washing is moderate to good
     No ionic group & low moleculer size of dye stuff .

    PRINTING

    Printing-
    The textile printing is that art of design by mechanical &
    chemical application.it entails the localized of dye or
    pigment the design being created by different color &
    motive.
    Styles of printing-
     Direct styles of printing(block printing)
     Dyed style of printing(dye on the dye fabric)
     Discharge style of printing (specific place a dye)
     Resist style of printing
     Raised style of printing(remove before dye by stone)
     Azoic style of printing(color express with help by
    azo group)
     Metal style of printing
     Flock style of printing(attach to make different
    colour motive)
     Crimp/crepon style of printing(sear-sucker fabric)

    Thickener

    Def:thickener is a thick mass which imparts stickness &


    plasticity to the print paste so that it may be applied on
    the fibrous surface without bleeding & be capable to
    maintain the design outlines.

    Function of thickener-
     To give required viscisity(thockthocke vab)to the
    printing paste
     To prevent unwanted reactions between the
    chemicals contained in the print paste
     To hold the ingredients of the paste on the fabric.
    Selection of a thickener-
     Kind a quality of a material to be printed
     Compatibility with dyes & chemical to be used
     Print paste stability
     Styles & methods of printing
     Properties of the direct thickener film
     Effect on color yield
     Preparation & removal of the thickener
     Cost
     BOD(biological oxygen demand).

    Methods of printing-
    1)Block printing
    2)Stencil printing(by hand & m/c)
    3)Roller printing/machine printing
    4)Screen printing
     Hand screen printing
     Semi automatic flat screen printing
     Fully automatic flat screen printing
     Rotary screen printing

    5)transfer printing.

    The end

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