Pathophysiology of Leptospirosis and Dengue Fever

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Predisposing

Factor: History taking (history of


exposure)
Dirty environment, age,
seasons, males,
Cattle, swire and
other livestock Rodents, wild animals
Dog

Infected urine or carcasses

Ingestion of contaminated food Entry through eyes, nose and


and water Man broken skin

Incubates for 6
Asymptomatic to 15 days

Profileration and widespread dissemination

Kidney and Liver Organ systems are


Functions Test

Septic stage:
Immune or Toxic stage:
Febrile lasting for 4 to 7days, Convalescence:
chills, head ache, anorexia, Can be with or without jaundice last for 4 to 30
Relapse may occur
abdominal pain days, iritis, headache, meningeal manifestations,
during 4th o 5th week
oliguria and anuria with progressive renal failure,
shock, coma, CHF in severe cases.
CSF and urine
culture,
Agglutination test
Blood
Culture

Death

Leptospirosis

Complications:

Pneumonia

Optic Neuritis

Peripheral neuritis
Predisposing Factors: Precipitating Factors:

Geographical area Environmental Conditions


(topical islands) Soldier
Sweaty skin

Aedes Aegypti

Redness and itchiness in


Bite from mosquito (portal of the area

Allowing dengue virus to be


inoculated towards the
circulation (IP: 3-14)

Virus disseminated rapidly into blood and


Dengue Test stimulates WBCs including B Lymphocytes Hematology:
that produces and secretes WBC
immunoglobulins and monocytes/ Lymphocytes
macrophages and neutrophils.

Antibodies attach to the viral antigens and


then monocytes/ macrophages will perform
Hematology:
phagocytosis through Fc receptor (FcR) with
Monocytes
in the cells of macrophages/ monocytes.
Neutrophils
Recognition of dengue viral antigen on
Entry to the Liver Entry to the Spleen
infected monocytes by cytotoxic T-cells

Complications:
Dengue Fever Epistaxis, menorrhagia
Fever, Flushed warm GI bleeding
skin, headache, malaise,
chills, anorexia and
vomiting

Cellular direct destruction and infection of


Activation of
the Red Bone Marrow, Precursor cells as
killikrein kinin
Virus ultimately targets well as immunological shortened platelets
system
liver and spleen survival causing platelets lyses.
parenchymal cells

Increase vascular Tourniquet test


Abdominal Thrombocytopenia
HepatoSpleenomegaly permeability (+)
Pain

Red sclera in both Hematology:


Leakage of Hematocrit
Ultrasound: eyes Platelet count
plasma
Petechiae
Minimal
Hepatospleenomegaly
Hemoconcentration
Hypovolemia Rapid weak pulse,
narrowing of pulse
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
pressure and
hypotension
Shock

Dengue Shock
Complications: Syndrome
Bite of uninfected
Metabolic Acidosis
Aegis aegypti (portal
Hyperkalemia
of exit)
Tissue anoxia
Myocarditis
Death
Hemorrhage into
CNS

Increasing restlessness,
apprehension or anxiety,
Dengue
disturbed sensorium, Encephalopathy
convulsions, spasticity and
hyporeflexia

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