Exercise 7D

1 4 4 c i  j  k  12  12  (1) 2

1 a   2  b   3 
 4  5  11 1  3
   
d 5i  9 j  8k  52  (9)2  (8)2
 3 
a i a – b   5   25  81  64  170
 9 
 
e i  5 j  7k  12  52  (7)2
 1  12   11   1  25  49  75
ii –a + 3b   2  9    11  25 3  5 3
 4  15   19 
   
5  2   7 
     
b a – b is parallel since 5 a p q  0  1    1 
−2(a – b) = 6i − 10j +18k.  2   3   1
     
–a + 3b is not parallel as it is not a
multiple of 6i − 10j +18k.  2   7   5 
     
b q – r   1    4    5 
 3   3   3   3   2   5 
     
     
2 3a + 2b  3  2   2  2    2 
 1  4   5   5   2   7   14 
             
c p + q  r   0    1    4    3 
3i + 2j + 5k  12 (6i + 4j + 10k)  2   3   2   1 
       
So the vectors are parallel.
 5   7   15   7   8 
1  p          
d 3p – r  3  0    4    0    4    4 
     2  2   6   2   4
3 a  2  b q
         
 4  r
   
 5  2   7 
a + 2b = (1 + 2p)i + (2 + 2q)j + (−4 + 2r)k e p – 2q + r   0   2  1    4 
 2   3   2 
(1 + 2p)i + (2 + 2q)j + (−4 + 2r)k = 5i + 4j      
 5  4   7   8 
1 2 p  5  p  2        
  0    2    4    6 
2  2q  4  q  1  2   6   2   10 
4  2 r  0  r  2        
uuur uuur
6 AB  b  a, so b  AB  a
4 a 3i  5 j  k  32  52  12
 9  25  1  35 5  2 7
     
b   4    7    3 
b 4i  2k  4 2  0 2  (2)2  1  3   2 
     
 16  4  20  4 5  2 5
Position vector of B is 7i – 3j + 2k

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7 a  t 2  22  32  7 11 b Distance between A and B is
uuur
AB  62  42  32  61
t2  4  9  7
t 2  4  9  49 uuur
c Unit vector in the direction of AB is
t 2  36 1
 6i  4j  3k 
t  6 or t  6 61
6 4 3
 i j k
8 a  (5t )2  (2t )2  t 2  3 10 61 61 61
25t 2  4t 2  t 2  3 10
12 a p  32  42  22  29
30t  3 10
2
1 1
30t 2  9  10 pˆ  p  3i  4 j  2k 
p 29
t2  3 3 4 2
 i j k
t  3 or t   3 29 29 29

9 a i Position vector of A is 2i + j + 4k
Position vector of B is 3i − 2j + 4k b q  2  4 2  7  25  5
Position vector of C is −i + 2j + 2k
qˆ 
1
q
q
1
5
 2i  4 j  7k 
uuur uuur uuur
ii AC  OC  OA
2 4 7
  i  2 j  2k    2i  j  4k   i  j k
  5 5 5
 3i  j  2k
uuur c r  5  8  3  16  4
b i AC  32  12  22  14 1
rˆ  r 
r
1
4

5i  2 2 j  3k 
uuur
ii OC  12  22  22  9  3 5 2 2 3
 i j k
uuur uuur uuur 4 4 4
10 a PQ  OQ  OP
uuur uuur uuur
 i  3j  5k   3i  7k  13 a AB  OB  OA
 4i  3j  12k  8i  3 j  3k   8i  7 j  4k 
 4j  k
b Distance between P and Q is
uuur uuur uuur uuur
PQ  42  32  122  169  13 AC  OC  OA
 12i  6 j  3k   8i  7 j  4k 
uuur
c Unit vector in the direction of PQ is  4i  j  k
1 4 3 12
 4i  3j  12k    i  j  k uuur uuur uuur
BC  OC  OB
13 13 13 13
 12i  6 j  3k   8i  3 j  3k 
uuur uuur uuur
11 a AB  OB  OA  4i  3j
 2i  3j  k   4i  j  2k 
 6i  4 j  3k

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 uuur
AB  42  1  17 7
13 b 15 b iii cos  z    z  35.5
uuur 74
AC  42  1  1  18  3 2
uuur
BC  42  32  25  5 c 2i  3k  13
2
i cos  x    x  56.3
c As the sides are all different lengths, the 13
triangle is scalene.
0
uuur uuur uuur ii cos  y    y  90
14 a AB  OB  OA 13
 i  2 j  5k   3i  4 j  8k 
 2i  6 j  3k 3
iii cos z    z  146.3
uuur uuur uuur 13
AC  OC  OA
 7i  5 j  7k   3i  4 j  8k  16 Let A be (2, 0, 0), B be (5, 0, 0) and C be
(4, 2, 3).
 4i  9 j  k
uuur
uuur uuur uuur AB  3
BC  OC  OB uuur
 7i  5 j  7k   i  2 j  5k  AC  22  22  32  17  4.123
 6i  3 j  2k uuur
BC  12  22  32  14  3.742
uuur 9  14  17
b AB  2 2  6 2  32  49  7 cos ABC   0.2672...
uuur 2  3  14
AC  42  92  1  98  7 2 ABC  74.49...
uuur
BC  62  32  22  49  7 Area of triangle
 12  3  14  sin 74.49...
c Triangle ABC is isosceles.  5.41
Since angle ABC  90 , angle BAC  45
uuur
17 PQ  32  1  22  14
15 a i  7 j  k  51
uuur
1 QR  22  42  32  29
i cos  x    x  98.0 uuur uuur uuur
51 PR  PQ  QR  1  32  52  35

7
ii cos  y    y  11.4 Using the cosine rule:
51
35  29  14  2 29 14 cos PQR
1
iii cos  z    z  82.0 4
51 cos PQR   0.1985...
406
b 3i  4 j  7k  74 PQR  78.5 (1 d.p.)

3
i cos  x    x  69.6
74

4
ii cos  y    y  62.3
74

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Challenge

The vector a  2i  6 j  3k will be in the same

vertical plane as the vector b  2i  6 j .

So the angle a makes with the xy-plane is the

angle,  , between a and b.

b 40
cos     0.9035...
a 49
  25.4 (1 d.p.)

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