Developmental Reading 2 Prelim Exam: Test I. Read and Analyze The Given Questions Below and Encircle The Correct Letter

Developmental Reading 2
Prelim Exam
Test I. Read and analyze the given questions below and encircle the correct letter.
1. Which theory of language development suggests that children learn appropriate sounds and words in reaction to their parents'
reinforcement? A
a. behaviorist b. innatist c. cognitive d. contextual
2. Regardless of culture, children begin to learn language around the same time all over the world. At about what age is this? B
a. between 6 and 8 months b. between 8 and 28 months c. between 2 and 4 years d. between 5 and 7 yea
3. Which theorist hypothesized that children are born with a language acquisition device? A
a. Chomsky b. Piaget c. Skinner d. Vygotsky
4. According to which theorist is symbolic thought a precondition for language acquisition? B
5. Piaget has been criticized for underestimating what factor in language development? C
a. biology b. intelligence c. social interaction d. biology and intelligence
6. According to which theorist do thought and language originate independently, but later merge? D
7. Which theorist places the most importance on social interaction in the development of language? D
8. According to which theory of language development is language constructed within a particular socio-cultural
context, depending on cognitive and environmental factors? D
a. behaviorist b. innatist c. cognitive d. contextual
9. Children's first words most commonly refer to what? C
a. concrete objects b. abstract ideas c. time d. colors
10. The recognition that children who pretend they are reading or writing understand a great deal about literacy is characteristic of
what approach to literacy? D
a. emergent literacy b. emergent literacy c. phonetic d. phonemic awareness
11. Brenda's mother speaks French and German. Her father speaks English and French. Brenda speaks all three. However, she
often mixes the languages together as she speaks. What phenomenon is Brenda exhibiting? C
a. discrimination b. overgeneralization c. mixed speech d. successive bilingualism
12. English is Greg's native language. In fifth grade, his family moves to another country, where Spanish is spoken. He learns
Spanish, becoming fluent. What phenomenon is Greg exhibiting?
a. discrimination b. simultaneous bilingualism c. mixed speech d. successive bilingualism
13. The literacy approach that emphasized a set of skills children needed to master before beginning formal reading instruction is
known as what? D
a. emergent literacy b. reading readiness c. writing readiness d. whole language
14. Which of the following does NOT play a significant role in the child's learning of language? C
a. imitation of adult speech b. learning rules for sound combinations c. learning rules for sentence d. learning rules for
interaction patterns structure
15. Which of the following has research shown would NOT be beneficial to a child's second language acquisition? B
a. youth -- the younger the child, the easier for him to learn a second language
b. mastery of grammar of the child's first language
c. continued development of the child's first language
d. being surrounded by native speakers of the second language
16. Metalinguistic awareness is ____________________. C
a. the ability to think and talk about language
b. the ability to connect the distinctive sounds in words to letters
c. understanding of the mapping principles between sounds and meaning
d. The ability to recognize writing from other visual marks.
17. Which of the following would NOT help create phonemic awareness during preschool? B
a. re-reading the same book over and over again
b. using songs, finger plays, and stories with rhyming words
c. isolating the beginning sound of words by asking children to say the sounds they hear
d. showing children how print is read on a page
18. Which of the following is NOT true about comprehension? A
a. Comprehensive depends only on the reader's decoding knowledge and skills.
b. Comprehension is an active process in which the reader works to construct a meaningful message from the text.
c. Comprehension depends on the reader's ability to use syntactic, semantic and pragmatic information to understand the
text.
d. Comprehension is gained through prior knowledge of a subject, and attitudes or feelings towards characters.
19. Invented spelling B
a. increases children's fluency
b. interferes with reading development and the development of conventional spelling
c. should be treated as erroneous spelling to be corrected with beginning readers
d. should not be supported by parents
20. The teaching method in which at least two languages are used in basic subject areas is: B
a. ESL b. bilingual education c. structured immersion d. submersion
Test II. Essay.

1. Compare and contrast Piaget's and Vygotsky's theories regarding language development. What are the implications of each?
2. Describe ways in which teachers can promote literacy development among their students. Tie your response to theory and
research discussed in your text.
3. How do you feel about young children using invented spelling in their writing? Why? Is there a time when conventional spelling
should be required of children? Why/why not? Compare and contrast the whole language and phonics approaches to literacy. With
which are you most comfortable? Why?

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Test II. Essay.

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