Anaphy Reviewer For Midterms

ANAPHY REVIEWER FOR MIDTERMS
YOURS TRULY BY Christian Joshua Elpedes panghanap ng jowa
FUNCTIONS OF  most of them are attached to the

THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM skeletal system
 also called as striated muscle
WAYS OF MOVEMENT IN THE BODY: because of the transverse
A. By cilia or flagella on the surface of bands/striations
certain cells  FOUR MAJOR FUNCTIONAL
B. By the force of gravity CHARACTERISTICS:
C. By the contraction of muscles  CONTRACTILITY – the ability
of skeletal muscle to shorten with
MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF force
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM:  EXCITABILITY – the capacity
A. BODY MOVEMENT – contraction of of skeletal muscle to respond to a
skeleton muscles is responsible of stimulus
overall movements of the body; bones  EXTENSIBILITY – the ability
allow these movements of stretching
B. MAINTENANCE OF POSTURE –  ELASTICITY – the ability to
skeletal muscles maintain tone, which recoil to original resting length
keeps us sitting or standing erect after stretching
C. RESPIRATION – muscles of the thorax
are necessary for respiration STRUCTURE
D. PRODUCTION OF BODY HEAT –
when skeletal muscles contract, heat is EPIMYSIUM
the by-product  epi (upon) + mys (muscle)
E. COMMUNICATION – this includes  a connective tissue
speaking, writing, typing, gesturing, and  also called as FASCIA (fillet)
facial expression
F. CONSTRICTION OF ORGANS AND MUSCLE FASCICULI
VESSELS – this constriction helps  fascis (bundle)
propel and mix food and water in the  visible bundles composing the
digestive tract, propel secretions from muscle
organs, and regulate blood flow through
vessels PERIMYSIUM
G. HEART BEAT – contraction of cardiac  loose connective tissue
muscle causes the heart to beat,  surrounding the muscle fasciculi
propelling blood
MUSCLE CELLS or MUSCLE FIBERS
CHARACTERISTICS OF  composing the muscle fasciculi
THE SKELETAL MUSCLE  single cylindrical cell that contains
several nuclei
SKELETAL MUSCLE  have electrical properties
 constitutes to approximately 40% of
the body’s weight ENDOMYSIUM
 loose connective tissue
 surrounds the muscle fiber TROPOMYSIN
 located along the groove between the
SARCOPLASM twisted strands of actin myofilament
 sarco (flesh) + plasma (formed) subunits
 cytoplasm of muscle fiber  exposes attachment sites on the actin
 contains numerous myofibrils myofilament when calcium is bound
to troponin
MYOFIBRIL  covers attachment sites when the
 myo (muscle) latter happens in the troponin
 threadlike structure that extends from
one end of the muscle fiber to the SARCOLEMMA
other  cell membrane of the muscle fiber
 consists of TWO MAJOR KINDS
OF PROTEIN FIBERS: T TUBULES
 ACTIN MYOFILAMENTS –  also called as TRANSVERSE
thin myofilaments; proteins that TUBULES
form (together with myosin) the  located at regular intervals along the
contractile filaments of muscle muscle fiber
cells, and is also involved in  wrap around sarcomeres where the
motion in other types of cells; actin and myosin myofilaments
resemble two minute strands of overlap
pearls twisted together  connect sarcolemma to the
 MYOSIN MYOFILAMENTS – sarcoplasmic reticulum
thick myofilaments; filaments of
myofibrils constructed from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM
proteins; resemble bundles of  has a relatively high concentration of
minute golf clubs calcium ions which plays a major
role in muscle contraction
SARCOMERE
 basic structural and functional unit of I BAND
skeletal muscle  consists only of actin, spans each z
 smallest portion of skeletal muscle disk and ends at the myosin
capable of contracting
A BAND
Z DISK  darker, central region in sarcomere
 boundaries of a muscle sarcomere  extends the length of myosin
 a network of protein fibers forming
an attachment site for actin H ZONE
myofilaments  consists of only myosin
TROPONIN M LINE
 trope (a turning)  dark-staining band where myosin
 attached at specific intervals along myofilaments are anchored in the
the actin myofilaments center of the sarcomere
 provides calcium-binding sites
MEMBRANE POTENTIALS
 The outside of most cell membranes is
positively charged compared with the
inside of the cell membrane.
RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL

 charge difference
 develops for TWO REASONS:
 the concentration of K+ inside the
cell membrane is higher than the
outside of the cell membrane
 the cell membrane is more
permeable to K+ than it is to
other ions, including negatively
charged molecules, such as
proteins, located inside the cell
DEPOLARIZATION


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ANAPHY REVIEWER FOR MIDTERMS

YOURS TRULY BY Christian Joshua Elpedes panghanap ng jowa

FUNCTIONS OF  most of them are attached to the

RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL

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