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    AGR 318 Lec 1 - Estate Mechanization

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    Nurul Syazwani
    The document discusses the mechanization of estate operations in agriculture. It begins by defining mechanization as the application of engineering principles to automate agricultural tasks using machinery, tools and equipment. This is done to increase output and lower costs of tasks like planting, harvesting and storage. The document then discusses the sources of power for various agricultural operations, including human, animal, mechanical, electrical and renewable sources. It provides examples of machinery used in plantation operations like road scrapers, levellers and FFB transporters. The remainder of the document discusses the history and evolution of mechanization, the necessity of estate mechanization, and the advantages and disadvantages of mechanization.

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    AGR 318 Lec 1 - Estate Mechanization

    Uploaded by

    Nurul Syazwani
    411 views17 pages
    The document discusses the mechanization of estate operations in agriculture. It begins by defining mechanization as the application of engineering principles to automate agricultural tasks using machinery, tools and equipment. This is done to increase output and lower costs of tasks like planting, harvesting and storage. The document then discusses the sources of power for various agricultural operations, including human, animal, mechanical, electrical and renewable sources. It provides examples of machinery used in plantation operations like road scrapers, levellers and FFB transporters. The remainder of the document discusses the history and evolution of mechanization, the necessity of estate mechanization, and the advantages and disadvantages of mechanization.

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    The document discusses the mechanization of estate operations in agriculture. It begins by defining mechanization as the application of engineering principles to automate agricultural tasks using machinery, tools and equipment. This is done to increase output and lower costs of tasks like planting, harvesting and storage. The document then discusses the sources of power for various agricultural operations, including human, animal, mechanical, electrical and renewable sources. It provides examples of machinery used in plantation operations like road scrapers, levellers and FFB transporters. The remainder of the document discusses the history and evolution of mechanization, the necessity of estate mechanization, and the advantages and disadvantages of mechanization.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    411 views17 pages

    AGR 318 Lec 1 - Estate Mechanization

    Uploaded by

    Nurul Syazwani
    The document discusses the mechanization of estate operations in agriculture. It begins by defining mechanization as the application of engineering principles to automate agricultural tasks using machinery, tools and equipment. This is done to increase output and lower costs of tasks like planting, harvesting and storage. The document then discusses the sources of power for various agricultural operations, including human, animal, mechanical, electrical and renewable sources. It provides examples of machinery used in plantation operations like road scrapers, levellers and FFB transporters. The remainder of the document discusses the history and evolution of mechanization, the necessity of estate mechanization, and the advantages and disadvantages of mechanization.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 17

    MECHANIZATION OF ESTATE

    OPERATION TOPIC 1.0 MECHANIZATION OF ESTATE


    is the application of multi- OPERATION
    discipline engineering branches (AGR 318)
    and automation knowledge in
    agriculture with the design and
    usage of farm machinery, tools,
    equipment for soil, structures,
    drainage, irrigation, water
    supply, electrification, for higher
    output and lower cost to the
    practices of planting, harvesting,
    storage, processing for
    plantation and agriculture. At
    present the advancement is
    application of Precision farming
    with mechanization.
    Road Scraper & Leveller

    FFB Cble Transporting


    P
    R
    E
    C
    I
    S
    I
    O
    N

    F
    A
    R
    M
    I
    N
    G
    1.1 INTRODUCTION
    SOURCES OF FARM AND PLANTATION WORK

    A farm power for various agricultural operations can be broadly classified as:
    (1) Tractive Work: seed bed preparation, cultivation, harvesting and transportation, and

    (2) Stationary Work: silage cutting, feed grinding, threshing, winnowing and lifting of
    irrigation water, and

    (3) Processing Work: milling, production, manufacturing, automation, assembly and


    Questions?
    packing.

    (4) Treatment Or Recycling: waste treatment, composting, biofuel and water recycling

    These operations are done by different sources of power, namely human, animal,
    mechanical (engine, tractor), electricity and renewable energy (biofuel, solar & wind).
    PLANTATION OR ESTATE – The area where the commercial crops are grown on a bigger
    scale. Exp. Oil palm, cocoa, coconut, rubber, paddy, teak, pepper, orchards or even vegetable

    MECHANISATION/mechanization - Providing human (e.g. farmers & planters) in assisting


    operation/doing work with the usage of machine and engineering applications.
    AUTOMATION is a mechanization advancement toward much lesser tedious physically &
    mental stress, but dependable on mechanical, electrical, sensory, electronics, robotics,
    precisions, digitized systems to functions.

    ENGINEERING - The discipline dealing with the art or science of applying scientific knowledge
    to solving practical problem. E.g. Inventing/applying tools, devices, methods and machines.

    MACHINE is an Engine, Motor, Devices, Gizmo, Gadget, Fixtures and Tools of any
    mechanical, electrical or electronics devices that transmits or modifies energy to perform or
    assist in the performance of human tasks. E.g. Lever, pulley, drill, tractor, vehicles, clock,
    computer, pump, tv, etc. The word machine derives from the Latin word machina, which in
    Greek means expedient and remedy").
    ENGINE IS A MACHINE that can convert any of various forms of ENERGY into
    mechanical POWER or MOTION. Derives from Old French engin, from the Latin ingenium
    means ingenious (inventiveness and skilful)

    MOTOR is a DEVICE driven by electricity, which does not change the chemical
    composition of its energy source, unlike engine, but convert electrical energy to
    mechanical energy, e.g. Fan, powered tools etc.

    TRACTOR - A tractor is an ENGINEERING VEHICLE specifically designed to deliver a


    high tractive effort (or torque) at slow speeds, for the purposes of hauling a trailer or
    machinery in agriculture or construction. Commonly, is used to describe a farm vehicle
    that provides the power and traction to mechanized agricultural tasks.

    Agricultural implements may be towed behind or mounted on the tractor, and the
    tractor also provide a source of power if the implement is mechanised. The word
    tractor was taken from Latin, of trahere "to pull". Means traction power from engine for
    motion.
    1.2 HISTORY OF AGRICULTURE MECHANIZATION
    EVOLUTION OF TOOLS AND IMPLEMENTS - 1
    NEOLITHIC NEOLITHIC

    CONTINUED TO NEXT SLIDE


    17TH & 18TH CENTURIES
    EVOLUTION OF TOOLS AND IMPLEMENTS - 2
    CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS
    SLIDE

    20TH CENTURIES
    18TH & 19TH CENTURIES
    Begin 10, 000 years ago.
    Start from nomadic neolithic to permanent farming &
    domesticated animals
    Rapid human growth needs more foods
    Mechanisation in agriculture technology rapidly
    grow in the 18th and 19th centuries.

    New inventions & techniques was introduced.


    1.3 THE NECESSITY OF ESTATE MECHANIZATION

    WHAT IS ?

    ► Weekly assignments Percent of Grade


    ► ?Projects
    WHY
    10
    ► Quizzes
    ► Final Exam ⮚ Less people will have to produce more
    40 agricultural products to meet the demand

    of an ever-increasing 30 population
    ⮚ To ensure greater productivity, quality &
    efficiency in food production through
    various mechanize farm or estate
    operations
    20

    ⮚ To replace animal and man-power used in


    field powered
    Weekly assignments toolsFinal
    Projects Quizzes &exam
    machines.
    EVERYTHING ARE
    INTERGRATED TO BE:

    ✔SUSTAINABLE &
    Web & Labs, Study
    ECOLOGICAL Social Media
    Software Tools
    ✔RECYCLABLE & REUSE
    Groups
    ✔ENVIRONMENTAL
    FRIENDLYClass web site Twitter
    Labs
    ✔MINIMAL WASTAGE
    ✔MINIMAL Collaboration
    POISON, Facebook
    tools
    TOXICITY & PESTICIDES
    ✔EFFICIENT AND LOW Study groups
    Mobile/Other
    COST Other
    apps
    ADVANTAGES OF
    MECHANIZATION

    ► Substitute for labour intensive works


    ► Labour is too expensive to do everything (in developed countries)
    ► Compensate for labour peaks (i.e. harvest)
    ► Labour skills and strengths often inadequate for large scale production and materials
    handling
    ► Amenity reasons: tedium & back backing (repetitive, dirty tasks)
    ► Attract or retain minimal skilled farm staff
    ► Increase productivity of farm staff. (i.e. moral & ethics, win-win)
    DISADVANTAGES OF MECHANIZATION
    ⚫ Redundancy - machinery for labour substitution
    ⚫ Cost - finance, fuel, maintenance etc.
    ⚫ Often needs highly skilled operator, increased wages
    ⚫ Often doesn't live up to expectations
    ⚫ Health and safety
    ⚫ Environmental costs
    ⚫ Disposal-Unutilised or uneconomical
    ⚫ Security- theft
    ⚫ Soil compaction - formation of hard pan leading to poor soil drainage due to wrong
    tyres & loads
    ⚫ Loss of soil structure resulting from the use of wrong equipments or machines
    ⚫Reduction in yield and fruit quality - oil palm fruitlets are bruised thus increase the
    FFA
    ⚫Reduction in yield quantity – e.g. paddy harvested with combine harvester
    ⚫ Increase cost if machine not properly maintained

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