SampleAnswers Unit 11 Maths For Computing 1 PDF
SampleAnswers Unit 11 Maths For Computing 1 PDF
SampleAnswers Unit 11 Maths For Computing 1 PDF
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LO3 Determine solutions of graphical examples using geometry and vector methods
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Descripts
LO4 Evaluate problems concerning differential and integral calculus
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8. Take great care that if you use other people’s work or ideas in your assignment, you properly reference them,
using the HARVARD referencing system, in you text and any bibliography, otherwise you may be guilty of
plagiarism.
9. If you are caught plagiarising you could have your grade reduced to A REFERRAL or at worst you could be
excluded from the course.
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brief. The assignment can either be word-processed or completed in legible handwriting.
If the tasks are completed over multiple pages, ensure that your name and student number are present
on each sheet of paper.
LO3 Determine solutions of graphical examples using geometry and vector Methods
Activity 01
Part 1
1. Mr. Steve has 120 pastel sticks and 30 pieces of paper to give to his students.
a) Find the largest number of students he can have in his class so that each student gets
equal number of pastel sticks and equal number of paper.
b) Briefly explain the technique you used to solve (a).
2. Maya is making a game board that is 16 inches by 24 inches. She wants to use square tiles. What
is the largest tile she can use?
Part 2
3. An auditorium has 40 rows of seats. There are 20 seats in the first row, 21 seats in the second
row, 22 seats in the third row, and so on. Using relevant theories, find how many seats are there
in all 40 rows?
4. Suppose you are training to run an 8km race. You plan to start your training by running 2km a
week, and then you plan to add a ½km more every week. At what week will you be running 8km?
5. Suppose you borrow 100,000 rupees from a bank that charges 15% interest. Using relevant
theories, determine how much you will owe the bank over a period of 5 years.
Part 3
6. Find the multiplicative inverse of 8 mod 11 while explaining the algorithm used.
Part 4
7. Produce a detailed written explanation of the importance of prime numbers within the field of
computing.
Activity 02
Part 1
1. Define ‘conditional probability’ with suitable examples.
2. A school which has 100 students in its sixth form, 50 students study mathematics, 29 study biology
and 13 study both subjects. Find the probability of the student studying mathematics given that the
student studies biology.
3. A certain medical disease occurs in 1% of the population. A simple screening procedure is available
and in 8 out of 10 cases where the patient has the disease, it produces a positive result. If the patient
does not have the disease there is still a 0.05 chance that the test will give a positive result. Find the
probability that a randomly selected individual:
(a) Does not have the disease but gives a positive result in the screening test
(b) Gives a positive result on the test
(c) Nilu has taken the test and her result is positive. Find the probability that she has the disease.
Let C represent the event “the patient has the disease” and S represent the event “the screening test
gives a positive result”.
4. In a certain group of 15 students, 5 have graphics calculators and 3 have a computer at home (one
student has both). Two of the students drive themselves to college each day and neither of them has
a graphics calculator nor a computer at home. A student is selected at random from the group.
(a) Find the probability that the student either drives to college or has a graphics calculator.
(b) Show that the events “the student has a graphics calculator” and “the student has a computer at
home” are independent.
Let G represent the event “the student has a graphics calculator”
H represent the event “the student has a computer at home”
D represent the event “the student drives to college each day”
Represent the information in this question by a Venn diagram. Use the above Venn diagram to
answer the questions.
5. A bag contains 6 blue balls, 5 green balls and 4 red balls. Three are selected at random without
replacement. Find the probability that
(a) they are all blue
(b)two are blue and one is green
(c) there is one of each colour
Part 2
6. Differentiate between ‘Discrete’ and ‘Continuous’ random variables.
7. Two fair cubical dice are thrown: one is red and one is blue. The random variable M represents the
score on the red die minus the score on the blue die.
(a) Find the distribution of M.
(b) Write down E(M).
(c) Find Var(M).
8. Two 10p coins are tossed. The random variable X represents the total value of each coin lands
heads up.
(a)Find E(X) and Var(X).
(d)
Susan and Thomas play a game using two 10p coins. The coins are tossed and Susan records her
score using the random variable S and Thomas uses the random variable T. After a large number of
tosses they compare their scores.
Comment on any likely differences or similarities.
Part 3
10. In a quality control analysis, the random variable X represents the number of defective
products per each batch of 100 products produced.
Defects (x) 0 1 2 3 4 5
Batches 95 113 87 64 13 8
(a) Use the frequency distribution above to construct a probability distribution for X.
(b) Find the mean of this probability distribution.
(c) Find the variance and standard deviation of this probability distribution.
11. A surgery has a success rate of 75%. Suppose that the surgery is performed on three
patients.
(a) What is the probability that the surgery is successful on exactly 2 patients?
(b) Let X be the number of successes. What are the possible values of X?
(c) Create a probability distribution for X.
(d) Graph the probability distribution for X using a histogram.
(e) Find the mean of X.
(f) Find the variance and standard deviation of X.
12. Colombo City typically has rain on about 16% of days in November.
(a) What is the probability that it will rain on exactly 5 days in November? 15 days?
(b) What is the mean number of days with rain in November?
(c) What is the variance and standard deviation of the number of days with rain in November?
13. From past records, a supermarket finds that 26% of people who enter the supermarket will make
a purchase. 18 people enter the supermarket during a one-hour period.
(a) What is the probability that exactly 10 customers, 18 customers and 3 customers make a
purchase?
(b) Find the expected number of customers who make a purchase.
(c) Find the variance and standard deviation of the number of customers who make a purchase.
14.On a recent math test, the mean score was 75 and the standard deviation was 5. Shan got 93.
Would his mark be considered an outlier if the marks were normally distributed? Explain.
15.For each question, construct a normal distribution curve and label the horizontal axis and answer
each question.
The shelf life of a dairy product is normally distributed with a mean of 12 days and a standard
deviation of 3 days.
(a) About what percent of the products last between 9 and 15 days?
(b) About what percent of the products last between 12 and 15 days?
(c) About what percent of the products last 6 days or less?
(d) About what percent of the products last 15 or more days?
16.Statistics held by the Road Safety Division of the Police shows that 78% of drivers being tested for
their licence pass at the first attempt.
If a group of 120 drivers are tested in one centre in a year, find the probability
that more than 99 pass at the first attempt, justifying the most appropriate distribution to be used
for this scenario.
Part 4
Part 1
1. If the Center of a circle is at (2, -7) and a point on the circle (5,6) find the formula of the circle.
4. Show that x2 + y2 + z2 + 4x – 6y + 2z + 6 = 0 is the equation of a sphere. Also, find its center and
radius.
Part 2
6.
Part 1
1. Find the function whose tangent has slope 4x + 1 for each value of x and whose graph passes
through the point (1, 2).
2. Find the function whose tangent has slope 3x2 + 6x − 2 for each value of x and whose graph
passes through the point (0, 6).
Part 2
3. It is estimated that t years from now the population of a certain lakeside community will be
changing at the rate of 0.6t 2 + 0.2t + 0.5 thousand people per year. Environmentalists have
found that the level of pollution in the lake increases at the rate of approximately 5 units per
1000 people. By how much will the pollution in the lake increase during the next 2 years?
4. An object is moving so that its speed after t minutes is v(t) = 1+4t+3t 2 meters per minute. How
far does the object travel during 3rd minute?
Part 3
5. Sketch the graph of f(x) = x − 3x 2/3 , indicating where the graph is increasing/decreasing, concave
up/down, and any asymptotic behavior.
6. Draw the graph of f(x)= 3x4-6X3+3x2 by using the extreme points from differentiation.
Part 4
7. For the function f(x) = cos 2x, 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 6, find the positions of any local minima or maxima and
distinguish between them.
SAMPLE ANSWERS
Activity 1
Part 1
Question 1
GCF or Greatest Common Divisor is the largest common factor of two or more numbers.
(a) 120
120 = 2 x 60
120 = 2 x 6 x 10
120 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 2 x 5
30
30 = 2 x 15
30 = 2 x 3 x 5
Prime 2 3 5
# s
120 23 31 51
30 21 31 51
GCF 2 3 5
Therefore, Mr. Steve could have 30 students in his class. Each student will receive 1
piece of paper and 4 pastel sticks.
(b) The technique used to solve the problem in (a) above is as follows:
120
120 = 2 x 60
120 = 2 x 6 x 10
Sample Answers Maths for Computing (Unit 11) Assignment 1
2
120 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 2 x 5
30
30 = 2 x 15
30 = 2 x 3 x 5
Step 2 – The common factors of both 120 and 30 are obtained and arranged in a table
as shown.
Prime 2 3 5
# s
120 23 31 51
30 21 31 51
GCF 2 3 5
Step 3 - The smallest product from each column is obtained. They are then multiplied
together to obtain the Greatest Common Factor.
Question 2
Applying GCF principle:
16 = 8 x 2
16 = 2 x 4 x 2
16 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2
24
24 = 8 x 3
24 = 2 x 4 x 3
24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3
Sample Answers Maths for Computing (Unit 11) Assignment 1
3
Prime 2 3
# s
16 24 30
24 23 31
GCF 8 1
Therefore, the largest tile that Maya can use is 8 inches by 8 inches.
Part 2
Question 3
Total number of rows of seats = 40
There are 20 seats in the first row and the seats are increasing progressively in the next two
rows.
Therefore:
Sn = n/2 [ 2 a1 + (n-1) d]
S40 = 40/2 [ 2 x 20 + (40-1) x 1]
S40 = 20 [ 40 + 39]
S40 = 1,580
an = a1 + (n-1) d
a8 = 2 + (n-1) 0.5
8 = 2 + (n-1) 0.5
8 = 2 + 0.5n – 0.5
6.5 = 0.5n
n = 13
Question 5
Using Geometric rule:
an = a1r(n-1)
an = a1r(n-1)
a5 = 100,000 x 1.15(5-1)
a5 = 100,000 x 1.15(4)
a5 = 100,000 x 1.74900625
a5 = 174,900.625
Therefore, 174,900.625 rupees will be owed to the bank over a period of 5 years.
8x mod 11 ≡ 1
x=7
The Euclidean algorithm comprises of a set of instructions for finding the greatest common
divisor of any two positive integers. It makes use of repeated use of integer division.
The Euclidean formula is a = bq + r where a and b are two positive integers, q is the quotient
and r is the remainder. It is assumed that 0 < r < b.
11 = 8 (1) + 3
8 = 3 (2) + 2
3 = 2 (1) + 1
2 = 1 (2)
Re-arranging the equations above:
3 = 11-8(1)
Sample Answers Maths for Computing (Unit 11) Assignment 1
6
2 = 8-3(2)
1 = 3-2(1)
Gcd (8,11) = 1
1 = 3-2(1)
1 = 3-(8-3(2)) (1)
= 3-(8-(3(2))
= 3(3)-8
1 = (11-8(1)) (3)-8
= 11(3)-8(4)
= 11(3) +8(-4)
Part 4
Question 7
Importance Of Prime numbers within the field of Computing
used in the following areas in computing.
Hash codes
Prime numbers are also used in calculating hash codes in computing.
Part 1
Question 1
Conditional probability is the probability of an event given that another event has occurred.
For example,
Bayes’s Theorem
Another formula that can be used to calculate conditional probabilities is the Bayes’s theorem.
For example,
Question 2
Using a Venn diagram,
Mathematics Biology
37 13 16
34
n (s) = 100
P (B) = Probability that a student studies Biology
P (M) = Probability that a student studies Mathematics
P (B ∩ M) = Probability that a student studies both Biology and Mathematics
Therefore,
P (B) = 29/100
P (M) = 50/100
P (B ∩ M) = 13/100
P(M|B) = P (M ∩ B)
P(B)
= 13/100
29/100
= 13/29
Question 3
If:
C represents ‘Patient has disease’
0.8 S CS
C
0.01 0.2 S’ CS’
0.05 S C’S
0.99 C’
0.95 S’ C’S’
(a) Probability that a randomly selected individual does not have the disease but gives a
positive result in the screening test is:
P (C’∩ S) = 0.99 x 0.05 = 0.0495
(b) Probability that a randomly selected individual gives a positive test result is:
P (S) = P (C ∩ S) + P (C’∩ S)
= (0.01 x 0.8) + 0.0495
G D
4 2
1
2
H 6
Question 5
n (s) = 15
Sample space = {BBB, RRR, GGG, BBG, GGB, BGB, GBB, RRB, BBR, BRB, RBR, GRR,
RRG, GRG, GGR}
Part 2
Question 6
A random variable is a
Example
Question 7
Let M = the score on the red die minus the score on the blue die.
The total possible outcomes for the two fair cubical dice would be = 36
Outcomes are tabulated as follows:
Blue die
Red 1 2 3 4 5 6
die 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5
2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4
3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3
4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2
5 4 3 2 1 0 -1
6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Table 1: Activity 2 (Part 2) - Question 7 - Probability outcomes
M -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
P(M = m) 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1
36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36
M2P 0.694 0.889 0.75 0.44 0.139 0 0.139 0.44 0.75 0.889 0.694
Var (M) = 0.694 + 0.889 + 0.75 + 0.44 + 0.139 + 0 + 0.139 + 0.44 + 0.75 + 0.889 +
0.694
= 5.824
Question 8
(a) Probability distribution of X:
x 0 10 20
P (X = x) 1/4 1/2 1/4
Table 5: Activity 2 (Part 2) - Question 8 - Probability distribution
E(X) = 20 * ¼ + 10 * ½ + 0* ¼ = 10
Var (X) = 202 * ¼ + 102* ½ + 02 * ¼ - 102 = 50
(b) E(S) = E(X) – 10 = 10 – 10 = 0
E(T) = ½ E(X) – 5
= ½ * 10 – 5 = 0
(d) Susan and Thomas play a game using two 10p coins. The coins are tossed and Susan
records her score using the random variable S and Thomas uses the random variable
Question 9
The probability distribution is given as:
x 1 2 3 4
P (X=x) 1/3 1/3 k 1/4
Part 3
Question 10
Defects (x) 0 1 2 3 4 5
Batches 95 113 87 64 13 8
(a) Using the frequency distribution above, the probability distribution for X can be
constructed as follows:
Total number of batches = 95 + 113 + 87 + 64 + 13 + 8 = 380
P(x) can be calculated as follows:
(c) The variance and standard deviation for this probability distribution can be calculated
as follows:
x P(x) x2 x2*P(x)
0 0.25 0 0*0.25 = 0
1 0.30 1 1*0.30 = 0.30
2 0.23 4 4*0.23 = 0.92
3 0.17 9 9*0.17 = 1.53
4 0.03 16 16*0.03 = 0.48
5 0.02 25 25*0.02 = 0.50
∑P(x) = 1 ∑ x2*P(x) = 3.73
Question 11
(a) Probability that the surgery is successful on exactly 2 patients. P (2) can be calculated
if the number of successful surgeries, X is represented by a binomial distribution
where:
Number of trials, n = 3
Probability of a successful surgery, p = 0.75
Probability of the surgery failing, q = 1 - p
= 1 - 0.75 = 0.25
Therefore, P (2) = nC2p2qn-2
= 3C2(0.75)2*(0.25)1
= 0.422
(b) If X is the number of successes, then the possible values of X are 0,1,2,3
(c) In order to calculate the probability distribution for X, P (0), P (1), P (2) and P (3)
need to be calculated as follows:
P (0) = nC0p0qn-0
= 3C0(0.75)0*(0.25)3
= 0.016
P (1) = nC1p1qn-1
= 3C1(0.75)1*(0.25)2
= 0.141
P (2) = nC2p2qn-2
P (3) = nC3p3qn-3
= 3C3(0.75)3*(0.25)0
= 0.422
Therefore, the probability distribution for X is:
x 0 1 2 3
P (x) 0.016 0.141 0.422 0.422
0.5
0.4
Probability- P(x)
0.3
0.2
0.1
x - Number of successes
0 1 2 3
P (15) = nC5p15qn-15
= 30C15(0.16)15(0.84)15
= 0.00001308
(a) Assuming that the customers’ decision to purchase are independent, binomial
distribution can be used to calculate the probability that exactly 10 customers, 18
customers and 3 customers will make a purchase.
P (18) = nC18p18qn-18
= 18C18(0.26)0(0.74)18
= 0.0000000000295
P (3) = nC3p3qn-3
= 18C3(0.26)3(0.74)15
= 0.157
(b) The expected number of customers who make a purchase are:
µ=n*p
= 18*0.26 = 4.68
(c) The variance and standard deviation of the number of customers who make a purchase
are:
Variance, 𝜎2 = n*p*q
Question 14
The standardized score or Z score can be calculated as:
Standardized score = Raw score – mean
Standard deviation
= 93 – 75
5
= 3.6
Therefore, the score is 3.6 standard deviations above the mean indicating that Shan will
be in the 3 percent outside the 3 standard deviations. Hence, it will be an outlier.
Question 15
The shelf life of a dairy product is normally distributed with a mean µ of 12 days and a standard
deviation 𝜎 of 3 days.
Let x = life of a dairy product.
(a) In order to calculate the percent of products that last between 9 and 15 days, the z-
score of the two data points should be calculated to standardize the data. The z-score
is the number of standard deviations above or below the mean value µ.
𝑥− 𝜇
z=
𝜎
Therefore, the percent of the products that last between 9 and 15 days will be
68% according to the empirical rule. This is shown graphically as follows:
(b) In order to calculate the percent of products that last between 12 and 15 days, the z-
score of the two data points should be calculated:
𝑥− 𝜇
z=
𝜎
Part 4
Question 17
Use of probability theory in hashing and load balancing
Activity 3
Part 1
Question 1
Using the distance formula, the distance between two points (x, y) and (h, k) on a circle given
as:
D = √ (x-h)2+(y-k)2
(x, y)
(h, k)
Therefore, if the center of the circle is (2, -7) and a point on the circle is (5, 6) as shown in the
figure below, the radius of the circle can be obtained as follows:
(x, y)
(2, -7)
r2 = (5 – 2 )2 + (6 – (-7))2
r2 = 32 + 132
r = √ 9 + 169 = √ 178 = 13.34
r = √ (x-h)2+(y-k)2
r2 = x2 – 2xh + h2 + y2 – 2yk + k2
If r and (h, k) are substituted into the equation, the formula of the circle can be obtained as
follows:
r2 = x2 – 2xh + h2 + y2 – 2yk + k2
13.342 = x2 – 2x*(2) + 22 + y2 – 2y*(-7) + (-7)2
178 = x2 – 4x + 4 + y2 + 14y + 49
178 = x2 – 4x + y2 + 14y + 53
178 - 53 = x2 – 4x + y2 + 14y
x2 – 4x + y2 + 14y = 125
Question 2
{(x, y, z}, z = 3} represents that set of all points in R3 whose z co-ordinate is 3. This is the
horizontal plane that is parallel to the xy plane and it is 3 units above as shown in the figure
below.
0 y
x
y = 5 represents the set of all points in R3 where the y co-ordinate is 5. This is the vertical
plane that is parallel to the xz plane and it is 5 units to the right of this plane as shown in
the figure below.
0
x
5
Question 3
The equation of a sphere is given as:
r2 = (x – a)2 + (y – b)2 + (z – c)2
Where the center is (a, b, c) and r is the radius,
Hence, when the center is (h, k, l) and r is the radius, the equation of the sphere will be:
r2 = (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 + (z – l)2
Question 4
Using the equation of a sphere r2 = (x – a)2 + (y – b)2 + (z – c)2
x2+y2+z2+4x-6y+2z+6 = 0
x2+y2+z2+4x-6y+2z = -6
x2+4x+4+ y2 - 6y+ 9 + z2 +2z + 1 = -6 + 4 + 9 +1
(x2+4x+4) + (y2 - 6y+ 9) + (z2 +2z + 1) = 8
(x + 2) 2 + (y – 3) 2 + (z + 1) 2 = 8
Part 2
Question 5
The x and y values in the equations 3y = 2x - 5 and 2y = 2x + 7 can be graphically evaluated
as follows:
Letting x be zero in the first equation 3y = 2x – 5 gives
3y = 2 *0 – 5
y = -5/3
y = -1.67
Hence, one co-ordinate would be (0, -1.67)
x y
0 -1.67
2.25 0
If y = 0,
2*0 = 2x + 7
0 = 2x + 7
x = -7/2
x = -3.5
Hence, another co-ordinate would be (-3.5,0)
x y
0 3.5
-3.5 0
Question 6
Thus,
a = (2i + 3j + k)
b = (4i – 2j -3k)
c = (1i + 4j - 2k)
2 3 1
Volume = 1/6 |4 −2 −3 |
1 4 −2
2 3 1
Determinant of |4 −2 −3 | = 2 [(-2)(-2)-4(-3)]-3[4(-2)-1(-3)]+1[(4)(4)-1(2)]
1 4 −2
= 65
Therefore, to find the function whose tangent has slope 4x + 1 for each value of x and whose
graph passes through the point (1,2) the integral of the function f(x) will be:
f(x) = ∫ f ’(x) 𝑑𝑥
f(x) = ∫ 4𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥
= 2x2 + x + c
Using the fact that the graph of f passes through the point (1,2), to find c, x = 1 and f (1) = 2 is
substituted into the equation, as the graph passes through the point (1,2)
f(x) = 2x2 + x + c
2 = 2*(1)2 + 1 + c
2=3+c
c = -1
Therefore, the desired function is f(x) = 2x2 + x – 1
Question 2
The slope of the tangent is the derivative of the function f. Hence, f’(x) = 3x2 + 6x – 2 and f(x)
is the indefinite integral f(x) = ∫ f’(x) 𝑑𝑥
Therefore, to find the function whose tangent has slope 3x2 + 6x - 2 for each value of x and
whose graph passes through the point (0,6) the integral of the function f(x) will be:
f(x) = ∫ f ’(x) 𝑑𝑥
f(x) = ∫ 3x2 + 6x – 2 𝑑𝑥
= x3+ 3x2 – 2x + c
Part 2
Question 3
It is estimated that t years from now the population of a certain lakeside community will be
changing at the rate of 0.6t2 + 0.2t + 0.5 thousand people per year. Environmentalists have
found that the level of pollution in the lakeside increases at the rate of approximately 5 units
per 1000 people.
Let P(t) denote the population of the community t years from now.
Then the rate of change of the population with respect to time is the derivative
𝑑𝑃
= P’ (t) = 0. 6t2 + 0.2t + 0.5
𝑑𝑡
However, the population function P(t) is an anti-derivative of 0. 6t2 + 0.2t + 0.5 which is given
by:
P(t) = ∫ P’(t) dt
= ∫ (0. 6t2 + 0.2t + 0.5) dt
= 0.2t3 + 0.1t2 + 0.5t + C
Where C is a constant
Question 4
If speed of the moving object after t minutes is v(t) = 1 + 4t + 3t2 meters per minute,
let s(t) be the displacement of the car after t minutes,
Then
s(t) = ∫ 𝑣(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
= ∫ ( 1 + 4t + 3t2 ) 𝑑𝑡
= t + 2t2 +t3 + c
= 30 meters
Part 3
Question 5
The graph of f(x) = x – 3x2/3 can be sketched by first identifying all the intercepts where f(x) >
0 and f(x) < 0 . This is where f(x) = 0.
f(x) = x – 3x2/3
0 = x – 3x2/3
x2/3 (x1/3 – 3) = 0
= 1 – 2x-1/3
= x1/3 – 2
x1/3
The intercepts are identified where f ‘(x) = 0
f ’(x) = x1/3 – 2
x1/3
0 = x1/3 – 2
x1/3
x1/3 = 2
x = 23 = 8
Also, when f ‘(x) is undefined, x = 0
As f(x) is continuous without any vertical asymptotes, f(x) = x – 3x2/3 should have
A local maximum at (0, f (0)) which is (0,0)
and a local minimum at (8, f (8)) which is
(8, (8-3*(82/3) = (8, -4)
To check the concavity of the graph, the second derivative of f(x) which is f “(x) is calculated
as follows:
𝑑
f “(x) = (1 – 2x-1/3)
𝑑𝑥
2
= x-4/3
3
2
=
3𝑥 4/3
When f ‘ (0) does not exist, x = 0 but x ≠ 0 when f ’’(x) > 0, so the curve is a concave up (slope
increases) on any interval that does not contain x = 0.
Also, it can be noted that this function does not have any vertical or horizontal asymptotes,
however through concavity it can be seen that as x → ∞, f(x) → ∞ and while x → −∞, f(x)
→ −∞.
Question 6
The graph of f(x) = 3x4 – 6x3 + 3x2 can be drawn by first calculating the first derivative of the
function to locate the stationary points on the graph as follows:
f(x) = 3x4 – 6x3 + 3x2
Factorization of f(x) = 3x2(x2-1) (x2-1)
f ‘(x) = 12x3 – 18x2 + 6x
According to Fermat’s theorem, if f(x) has a local extremum at x = a and f is differentiable at
a, then f ‘(a) = 0
So when f ‘(x) = 0,
0 = 12x3 – 18x2 + 6x
By factoring: 0 = 6x (2x2 – 3x + 1)
x=0
Using the quadratic formula to solve (2x2 – 3x + 1) results in:
Sample Answers Maths for Computing (Unit 11) Assignment 1
36
−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
−(−3) ± √(−3)2 − (4 ∗ 2 ∗ 1)
𝑥=
2∗2
3 ± √9 − 8
𝑥=
4
3 ± √1
𝑥=
4
3+√1
𝑥= = 1 and
4
3−√1
𝑥= =½
4
When x = 1, y = 6
6 > 0 , It is a positive. Thus, the local minimum is at (1,0)
If x = ½ y = -3
1 3
−3 < 0 , It is a negative. Thus, the local maximum is at ( , )
2 16
If x = 0 y = 6
6 > 0 , It is a positive. Thus, the local minimum is at (0, 0)
In order to identify the points of inflection, the second derivative is solved for f ’’(x) = 0 as
follows:
d2 x
= 36x 2 − 36x + 6
dx 2
−b ± √b 2 − 4ac
2a
−(−36) ± √(−36)2 − 4 ∗ 36 ∗ 6
2 ∗ 36
−(−36) ± √1296 − 864
72
36 ± √432
72
3 ± 20.78
72
x = 0.788 or x = 0.211
Therefore, the points of inflection are (0.211, 0.577) and (0.788, -0.577)
Part 4
Question 7
In order to find the positions of any local minima or maxima for the function f(x) = cos 2𝑥 ,
0.1≤ x ≤ 6, the first derivative of the function is calculated in order to locate stationary points,
as follows:
f(x) = cos 2𝑥
ⅆf
= - 2 sin 2x
ⅆx
Therefore, the stationary points are at values of x in the range 0.1≤ x ≤ 6 for which sin 2x =
0 which will be at:
2x = π or 2x = 2π or 2x = 3π
𝜋 3𝜋
The stationary points are at x = , x = π and x =
2 2
𝟑𝝅
Therefore, x = indicates a local minimum.
𝟐
Question 8
To determine the local maxima and/ or minima of the function y = 𝑥 4 − 1/3𝑥 3 , the positions
of the stationary points should be calculated by finding the first derivative of the function as
follows:
f(x) = 𝑥 4 − 1/3𝑥 3
ⅆf
= 4x3 – x2
ⅆx
= x2 (4x – 1)
ⅆf
Therefore the stationary points are when = 0, which are at x = 0 or when x = ¼
ⅆx
The second derivative is evaluated at each stationary point to locate the local minima and
maxima as follows:
ⅆ2 f
| = 0 This is inconclusive
ⅆx2 x=0
ⅆ2 f 12 1 1
| = – = >0
ⅆx2 x=1 16 2 4
4
Question 9
By further differentiation,
y =12x2 – 2x
By taking the derivative of the slope:
f ‘(y) = 24x – 2
By factoring 2(12x − 1) = 0
12x 1
By dividing all by 4 ( − )=0
12 12
1
Therefore, the stationary points when y = 0 are at x = 0 and x =
12
1
x= indicates a local minimum.
12
positive value. According to this test, if the second derivative is positive, then this is a local
1
minimum. Hence, x = is a local minimum.
12
𝟏 𝟏
Local minimum at ( ,− )
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
y = x2 + 4x + 1
By taking the derivative of the slope:
f ‘(y) = 2x + 4
By factoring 2(x + 2) = 0
Using the second derivative test, the second derivative at x = -2 when f(x) =0 is 2 which is a
positive value. According to this test, if the second derivative is positive, then this is a local
minimum. Therefore, x = -2 is a local minimum.
Using the second derivative test, the second derivative at x = 3 when f(x) =0 is - 4 which is a
negative value. According to this test, if the second derivative is negative, then this is a local
maximum. Therefore, x = 3 is a local maximum.
y = -3x2 + 3x + 1
By taking the derivative of the slope:
f ‘(y) = -6x + 3
By factoring 3(−2x + 1) = 0
Using the second derivative test, the second derivative at x = ½ when f(x) =0 is - 6 which is a
negative value. According to this test, if the second derivative is negative, then this is a local
maximum. Therefore, x = ½ is a local maximum.
𝟏 𝟕
Local maximum at ( , )
𝟐 𝟒