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    Directions: Define The Following Terms Below. Write Your Answer Inside The Box

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    Laika Lai
    This document provides an overview of Gibbs free energy and chemical equilibrium for a general chemistry class. It defines key terms like spontaneous process, exothermic process, endothermic process, and entropy. It explains how Gibbs free energy relates these terms and can be used to determine if a process is spontaneous based on the sign of ΔG. The document gives the equation for Gibbs free energy and how it combines enthalpy and entropy. It provides an example problem calculating ΔG° for a chemical reaction using standard entropy and enthalpy values. Students are asked to solve a similar problem and summarize what they learned.

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    Directions: Define The Following Terms Below. Write Your Answer Inside The Box

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    Laika Lai
    92 views5 pages
    This document provides an overview of Gibbs free energy and chemical equilibrium for a general chemistry class. It defines key terms like spontaneous process, exothermic process, endothermic process, and entropy. It explains how Gibbs free energy relates these terms and can be used to determine if a process is spontaneous based on the sign of ΔG. The document gives the equation for Gibbs free energy and how it combines enthalpy and entropy. It provides an example problem calculating ΔG° for a chemical reaction using standard entropy and enthalpy values. Students are asked to solve a similar problem and summarize what they learned.

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    This document provides an overview of Gibbs free energy and chemical equilibrium for a general chemistry class. It defines key terms like spontaneous process, exothermic process, endothermic process, and entropy. It explains how Gibbs free energy relates these terms and can be used to determine if a process is spontaneous based on the sign of ΔG. The document gives the equation for Gibbs free energy and how it combines enthalpy and entropy. It provides an example problem calculating ΔG° for a chemical reaction using standard entropy and enthalpy values. Students are asked to solve a similar problem and summarize what they learned.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    92 views5 pages

    Directions: Define The Following Terms Below. Write Your Answer Inside The Box

    Uploaded by

    Laika Lai
    This document provides an overview of Gibbs free energy and chemical equilibrium for a general chemistry class. It defines key terms like spontaneous process, exothermic process, endothermic process, and entropy. It explains how Gibbs free energy relates these terms and can be used to determine if a process is spontaneous based on the sign of ΔG. The document gives the equation for Gibbs free energy and how it combines enthalpy and entropy. It provides an example problem calculating ΔG° for a chemical reaction using standard entropy and enthalpy values. Students are asked to solve a similar problem and summarize what they learned.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    Subject: GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2

    Topic: Gibbs free energy and Chemical Equilibrium


    Prepared By: Teacher Vicente G. Quijano Grade: XII
    Semester: First Week: 10

    INTRODUCTORY ACTIVITY:
    Directions: Define the following terms below. Write your answer inside the box.

    Spontaneous process

    Exothermic process

    Endothermic process

    Entropy

    Enthalpy

    KEY QUESTIONS:
    How are the terms related with each other?
    Answer:

    1
    LET’S UNDERSTAND:
    GIBBS FREE ENERGY AND CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

    A criterion for spontaneity that applies only to the system is the Gibbs free energy
    or simply free energy. It combines enthalpy and entropy.
    G = H – TS
    Where T is the Kelvin temperature, H is enthalpy and S is entropy.
    The free energy change ΔG is a measure of the spontaneity of a process and of
    the amount of energy that can be obtained from it, ΔG is determined from a difference in
    values of two different states.
    ΔG = Gfinal - Ginitial
    ΔG
    Is used as the basis to determine whether a process is spontaneous.
    o If ΔG is negative, the process is spontaneous and energy can be derived
    from the system.
    o If ΔG is positive, the process is nonspontaneous.
    o If ΔG is said to be in a state of equilibrium at constant temperature and
    pressure. This means that no energy can be obtained from a process that
    is in equilibrium. The value of the equilibrium constant is defined by the
    change in standard free energy by the equation:
    ΔG˚ = RT (In K)

    GIBBS FREE ENERGY,


    ENTHALPY AND ENTROPY.
    The Gibbs free energy change
    can be determined from the Gibbs
    equation (G = H – TS) by using change
    in enthalpy and the change in entropy
    at constant temperature and pressure
    as shown by the equation:
    ΔG = ΔH -T ΔS
    From the second law of
    thermodynamics:
    If Δs is positive, the process is
    spontaneous.
    If Δs is negative the process
    is nonspontaneous
    If Δs is zero the process is in
    equilibrium.

    2
    SAMPLE PROBLEM:
    A drying agent has the chemical composition CaSO 4. Calculate ΔG˚ at 25˚C, for
    the following reaction, which has a ΔS˚ value of -139.7 J/K.
    CaSO4 (s) Ca+2(aq) + SO4-2 (aq) ΔH˚ = -18.0k/J
    SOLUTION:
    Given: ΔH˚= -18.0k/J
    ΔS˚ = -139.7 J/K.
    Required: ΔG˚ for the reaction
    Strategy: Convert J to KJ and 25˚C to K.
    ΔS˚ = (-139.7 J/K.)(1kJ/1000J)
    = ΔS˚ = -0.1397kJ/K.
    Substitute the given values into the following equation,
    ΔG˚= ΔH˚ -T ΔS˚
    = 18.0kJ – (298K)(-0.1397kJ/K)
    = 18.0kJ – (-41.6 kJ)
    = +23.6 kJ
    Sample problem 1
    Solve the problem correctly. Show your solutions below.
    Calculate the standard free energy change for the following reaction at
    25˚C.
    2 HgO(s) 2Hg (l) + O2 (g)
    Hg (l) = 76.0 J/mol-K
    O2 (g) = 205.0 J/mol-K
    HgO(s) = 70.3 J/mol-K
    Required:
    ΔS˚, ΔH˚ and ΔG˚

    3
    FREE ENERGY AND SPONTANEITY OF A REACTION
    Just like other thermodynamics functions, the free energy change for reaction
    can be calculated. One way is by the use of standard free energy of formation in the
    equation:

    ΔG˚reaction = ∑(ΔG˚f, products) - ∑( ΔG˚t, reactants)


    The standard free energy of formation of an element in its most stable form is zero.
    Another way of determining ΔG˚reaction is by using the Gibbs equation. In this case, we
    use the other thermodynamic properties of the system:

    ΔG = ΔH - T ΔS
    SAMPLE PROBLEM:
    Determine ΔG˚ of the following reaction using :
    a. ∑ΔG˚
    b. Gibbs equation
    c. Is the reaction spontaneous at 25˚C?
    d. Is it spontaneous at 2000K?

    4
    Activity: Sum it up!
    Summarize what you have learnt in this module using the exit slip below:
    EXIT SLIP
    3 Things I learned….

    2 Things I found interesting…

    1 Questions I still have…

    Performance/Activity:
    Solve the problem correctly. Show your solutions below.
    1. Calculate ΔG˚ from the standard enthalpy formation and standard molar entropy
    values and predict whether the following reaction is spontaneous or not, at 25˚C.
    a. Reaction: H2(g) + CO2(g) H2o(g) + CO(g)
    ΔHf˚(kJ/mol) S˚(J/mol-K)
    H2(g) 0 130.6
    CO2(g) -393.5 213.6
    H2o(g) -241.8 188.8
    CO(g) -110.5 197.9

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