Question On Population Movement: 1. What Are The Causes of Increased Migration? Explain

Question on Population Movement
1. What are the causes of increased migration? Explain.
- War and conflict: The most common factor for forced migration around the
world is conflict. Wars and other forms of violent conflict involving state or
non-state actors produce refugees and other forced migrants, who may
themselves also become national or transnational actors within the political
economy of wars and other forms of violent conflict. Wars of different kinds
and of differing intensity may produce different migration trajectories and,
in some cases, no migration at all but instead the opposite, involuntary
immobility.
- Poverty: The large differences in income between places particularly

countries continue to motivate individuals to escape poverty through
migration. The potential advantages of migration for sending countries are
numerous. Through remittances, migration provides a means of improving
income and smoothing consumption; it enables households to overcome the
lack of credit and cushion the risks involved in engaging in more productive
activities; and migration can also act as a coping strategy in times of distress.
- Drought: Droughts are becoming more frequent and severe due to ongoing
global climatic changes, contributing to the loss of farmland, declining crop
yields, and loss of livestock in especially arid and semiarid areas across the
globe. Drought affects water availability and quality, pastoral livelihoods,
and hydroelectric generation in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Rural societies in
SSA have long adapted to droughts, but growing impacts on food security,
water, and rural livelihoods, combined with population growth and natural
resource scarcity, are leading to increases in the number of internally
displaced persons and in migration more generally.
- Persecution: Persecution occurs when human rights violations or threats are

sustained or systematic and governments either fail to protect their citizens
or, in some cases, actively participate in the violations. It may happen
because a person holds a particular political opinion or religious belief, or
belongs to a particular ethnic or social group. This does not leave the victim
another option but to flee the country and migrate to a new place hoping they
are safe there.
- Employment: The term migrant for employment means a person who

migrates from one country to another with a view to being employed
otherwise than on his own account and includes any person regularly
admitted as a migrant for employment. People do this because they want to
have better opportunities in life which they can not in their country.
Additional data:
Between 2000 and 2017, Asia added more international migrants than any other
region. Asia gained some 30 million international migrants during this period,
representing a net increase of about 1.8 million migrants per annum. Europe added
the second largest number of international migrants between 2000 and 2017 (22
million), followed by Northern America (17 million) and Africa (10 million). Latin
America and the Caribbean and Oceania added comparatively smaller numbers of
migrants during this period (3 million in each of these regions).
2. What is the impact of population movement in terms of culture,

economics, and the environment? Explain.
The population movement has positive as well as negative impacts on the

environment, culture and economics of a country. We will try to illustrate some of
them.
- Culture: Population movement causes The Cultural Mixing phenomenon

mixing of different cultures. The society sector, the inflow of culture-diverse
people push towards rising multiculturalism in mono-cultural countries but
turns into a cause of conflict should the receiving country refuse to turn itself
into a multicultural society. The attitudes, standards, and values of the host
population can also be affected by migrants. This means that the cultural
development of indigenous people can be greatly affected, even with smaller
migrant communities, and thus contribute to cultural integration between
the host and home countries.
- Economics: Population movement economic effects vary widely. In the short
term, sending countries may experience both gains and losses, but will be
able to benefit over the longer term. Not only does it have a profound
positive effect on population growth, but also on labour and job
participation, salaries and incomes, our national skills base and net
productivity. Migration will drive growth in jobs over the next 35 years.
Since migrants are concentrated and relatively highly educated in the prime
working age group, they have a positive effect on the employment rate.
- Environment: Population movement is about people who leave their country
with the belief to find other better opportunities in developing countries; in
this way, it would usually lead to an absolute rise in global emissions.
Moreover, If there is a population growth in urban areas (where there are
mostly better and well-paid jobs), it would be necessary to urbanize areas
equivalent in the main areas, inevitably causing loss of wildlife habitats, and
damage to diversity.
3. Identify the major migration streams around the world. Where? Why?
Between 2000 and 2017, Asia added more international migrants than any other
region. Asia gained some 30 million international migrants during this period,
representing a net increase of about 1.8 million migrants per annum. Europe added
the second largest number of international migrants between 2000 and 2017 (22
million), followed by Northern America (17 million) and Africa (10 million). Latin
America and the Caribbean and Oceania added comparatively smaller numbers of
migrants during this period (3 million in each of these regions).
People migrate because they think that they can improve their own lives or those of
their families by doing so. Economic migration is triggered by the knowledge (or
belief) that better economic opportunities exist in some other place.
4. How has world urbanization changed since 1950? How is it projected to

change in the future? Illustrate your answer.
Since 1950 urbanization has slowed in most MEDCs, and now some of the biggest
cities are losing population as people move away from the city to rural
environments. Since 1950 the most rapid growth in urbanization has occurred in
LEDCs (Less Economically Developed Countries) in South America, Africa and Asia.
By 1800, still over 90 percent of the global (and country-level) population lived in
rural areas. Urbanization in the United States began to increase rapidly through the
19th century, reaching 40 percent by 1900. By 1950 this reached 64%, and nearly
80% by 2000.
Over the next few decades, the rural population is expected to plateau and
eventually decline, while urban growth will continue to shoot up to six billion
people and beyond. Rapidly rising populations in megacities and major cities will
be significant contributors, but it’s also worth noting that the number of regional
to mid-sized cities (500k to 5 million inhabitants) will swell drastically by 2030,
becoming more influential economic hubs in the process. Interestingly, it’s mainly
cities across Asia and Africa — some of which Westerners are largely unfamiliar
with — that may soon wield enormous influence on the global stage.
It’s expected that over a third of the projected urban growth between now and 2050
will occur in just three countries: India, China, and Nigeria. By 2050, it is projected
that India could add 416 million urban dwellers, China 255 million, and Nigeria 189
million.
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Question on Population Movement

1. What are the causes of increased migration? Explain.

- Poverty: The large differences in income between places particularly

- Persecution: Persecution occurs when human rights violations or threats are

- Employment: The term migrant for employment means a person who

2. What is the impact of population movement in terms of culture,

The population movement has positive as well as negative impacts on the

- Culture: Population movement causes The Cultural Mixing phenomenon

4. How has world urbanization changed since 1950? How is it projected to

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