Thesis Water Station (11-08-20)
Thesis Water Station (11-08-20)
Thesis Water Station (11-08-20)
Thesis Proposal
Submitted to the Faculty of the
College of Economics, Management, and Development Studies
Cavite State University
Indang, Cavite
In partial fulfilment
of the requirements for the degree
Bachelor of Science in Business Management
SUNSHINE M. APURA
SHEREE LOU LUPINA
LORIEDETTE B. DELEÑA
January 2021
1
SUNSHINE M. APURA
SHEREE LOU LUPINA
LORIEDETTE B. DELEÑA
INTRODUCTION
Not all water is safe to drink. Water in lakes and rivers can be polluted. It can
have harmful chemicals or germs that cause diseases. Long ago, many people living
in cities got sick or died from drinking dirty water. People still get sick from drinking
polluted water and many poor people still do not have pure drinking water. Scientists
have learned how to clean, or purify, drinking water. With the advent of
water. These technologies were introduced and later commercialized and became a
fast-growing industry. The demand at the water refilling stations is now increasing. In
Cavite, a greater number of water refilling stations are now operating with some of
them operate other stations in nearby municipalities. A water refilling business is one
of the most popular ventures for those with little experience as an entrepreneur
n.d.). With the growing competition, these water refilling stations must pay attention
on their marketing strategies since customers are now more concern on health and
safety.
2
essential part of preventing and protecting human health during infectious disease
outbreaks, including the current COVID-19 pandemic. One of the most cost-effective
sanitation systems. Good WASH and waste management practices, that are
COVID-19 virus in homes, communities, health care facilities, schools, and other
public spaces.
Safely managed WASH services are also critical during the recovery phase of
and quality of water and sanitation services, the ability of affected households to
access and pay for WASH services and products (for instance, soap, point of use
workplaces and other public spaces to maintain effective hygiene protocols when
they re-open. If not managed, secondary impacts can increase the risk of further
Purified water business in Imus and Bacoor Cavite to provide knowledge and
encountered by the owners in terms of marketing, sales, and product quality during
pandemic; and the business initiatives that will enhance the operational performance
The study aims to assess the operational performance of water refilling stations
a. Marital status;
c. Age;
d. Educational attainment;
a. type of ownership;
a. flexibility
b. dependability
c. quality; and
d. speed.
Businesses?
The study will be conducted to analyze the effects of Covid-19 pandemic on the
e. Marital status;
g. Age;
h. Educational attainment;
a. Type of ownership.
a. Flexibility.
b. Dependability.
c. Quality; and
d. Speed.
Businesses.
The importance of the study aims to know the operational performance of purified
water business during pandemic in Bacoor and Imus Cavite. Moreover, the following
Owners. They will be able to identify the solutions that may aid them to solve the
Employees. They will be able to identify the various aspects that promotes
financial stability of their company and find bases on how they can contribute to each
identified aspect.
Future Researchers. Through this study, future researchers will acquire and
discover new things that will be beneficial in their research endeavors. This research
will be an effective tool and reference for the future researchers who will intend to
make any further relevant research particularly the operational performance that may
Definition of Terms
Bottled water - refers to water that is intended for human consumption and
that Is sealed in bottles or other containers with no added ingredients except that it
may optionally contain safe and suitable anti-microbial agents and may optionally
contain minerals such as, but not limited to fluorides, chlorides, carbonates and
Bottled water may be used as an ingredient in beverages such as, but not limited to,
diluted juices and flavored bottled waters. It does not include those food ingredients
Drinking Water- refers to water intended for human consumption or for use
in food preparation.
Water Refilling Stations- refers to the selling for profit either wholesale or
refilling stations.
mission through excellence, dedication, and governance to meet its certain goal and
individuals owns a part of the business. The type of ownership could be sole
also refers to the business characteristics of water stations such as (1) type of
Speed. Speed Measures the time that it takes to create or process one or
more product and measures how quickly the business can deliver the product and
sales quotes.
reliable the company is when it comes to timely delivery of product to the customers
the activities of setting the strategy of an organization and coordinating the efforts of
The term "management" may also refer to the people who manage an organization.
expenses.
Strategic location is a plan for obtaining the optimal location for a company
with the offerings that are compatible with these needs and objectives.
8
Conceptual Framework
1.Determine the
1.Identify and Assess
Business Profile of
the Operational
Water Refilling Station
Performance of Water
terms of: -Type of
Refilling Station in
Ownership -Length of
Selected Areas of
Ownership -Size of the Provide Possible
Cavite.
Business. Recommendation to
2.Recognize the improve the practices
2.Identify the that implemented by
problems in Operating
Operational the Water Refilling
the Water Refilling
Performance of Water Station.
Station and how they
Refilling
follow the health
protocol mandated by
3. Determine the effect
the Government due
and common problems
to COVID 19
encounter during
Pandemic.
pandemic.
CHAPTER II
and related studies conducted globally and locally to provide further support for this
study.
Type of Ownership
embark on the business journey. Making a decision regarding the type of ownership
is one of the factors needs to be consider in putting-up a business. It is the key first
from the simplest to complex way. Thus, type of ownership will have long-term
is necessary to choose the right structure for your business as the type of the
ownership chosen for the business will have an effect on the organization of the
business, how the business will be taxed, and how the business will be managed or
handled.
entrepreneur must know before you can determine how you want to structure your
desired business. The three main types of ownership these are the (a) Sole
According to Kevin Smith, (n.d.) the most basic form of business ownership is
Sole Proprietorship, were there is one sole owner in organizing the business.
proprietorship, which is owned by one person, who has the responsibility of running
the day-to-day operation of the business (All Business, n.d.). Based on Up Counsel,
(2019) this type of ownership is rather easy to form and straight forward. The
government requirements and regulation were not too much. Thus, sole
proprietorship may have limited source of capital/fund, and the only person that is
liable for all the business’ debts and obligation is the owner itself. On the other hand,
the sole proprietor owns all the asset of the business and the profit generated by the
business (All Business, n.d.). Novak (2019) explains that in Sole Proprietorship there
assets and liabilities. And this is a good option for someone starting a low risk
(2015) explains that partnership has two or more business owners, were the partners
assumes that the risk for the business and their assets may be taken by creditors.
This type of business ownership has two (2) types, the General Partnership and
Limited Partnership.
formed by two (2) or more individuals, and each all of them will operate as business
partners, each one will have personal liability in the event that the partner fails to pay
any form of debts and losses. However, Limited Partnership are created when two (2)
liable only for the certain amount of money each one invested into the business. All
Business (n.d.) stated that partnership should undergo a legal agreement that sets
how decision will be made, and how profit will be shared. Generally, a partnership
has more resources to finance the business. The advantage in this form of ownership
is that the owners share risk and decision making, greater borrowing capacity and
different business unit. Up Counsel (n.d.) stated that Corporations are viewed as
entirely independent entities from the owners. Furthermore, Corporation has two (2)
For-profit Corporation is the one that operates to gain profit, while the Non-
profit Corporation is the one that operates to benefit the public, or a certain
more capital and resources to cover the expenses and create legal documentation. It
Length of Operation
According to Arifin, et. al., (2018) length of business operation refers to the
Alayunddin (2008) as cited by Arifin, et. al., (2018) mentioned that, in the first three
(3) years of the business operation, the main challenge is to achieve financial
stability. At this point of situation, entrepreneurs were introducing their products and
implementing their ideas for the business. After three (3) years, the situation of the
start-up business could change, when the business had overcome the critical years,
at this point of time, the business owners have gathered a lot of experiences and the
business have (Blackman, 2016). According to Novak, (2019) while all business
contributes to the same economy, they do so in all different sizes. Classifying the size
of the business should not be overlooked, as it helps correctly measure impact and
success. There are three business size classifications, and these are small business,
mid-market enterprise and large enterprise and each business size classification is
A small business is, well, the smallest business size. However, they aren’t
expansive than small businesses, but not quite as big as a large enterprise. They
usually employ no more than 250 employees; large enterprises are few and far
between. However, due to their size and industry domination, they usually employ
Operational performance
the inputs such as Materials, Labor, money, equipment and so on in order to produce
specific output which is the goods and services. Operations are the functions needed
to keep the business producing and delivering (Cevich, 1997). The success of the
certain task. Hamed, (2017) explains that performance is an output from processes,
products and service that permit evaluation and comparison relative to goals,
performance through financial measures such as return on sale, net profit, return on
investment and cash flow. The non-financial performances are quantitative measures
business to fulfil its stated mission through excellence, dedication, and governance to
meet its certain goal and objectives. Furthermore, operational performance can
measure as of how well a business use its asset on the production and generates
13
revenue over a given period of time. On the other hand, operational performance is
the approach of the measurement for the operational performance should be correct,
refers to the Flexibility, Dependability, quality, and speed. In this study, these
which is the same variables used in research study of Kamau, Saumu Muthoni
Sales Performance
Sales are the lifeblood of the company. Salespeople should know what the customer
and prospects want and expect from the company and form the sales force. Common
sales performance metrics include total sales revenues, number of sales, average
order value, repeat sales, sales for year-to-date, and so on. These metrics on their
own only provide part of the story however, and as a business owner you need to be
able to understand what the metrics actually represent and how they are affecting
your overall business performance (Miller, 2009). According to Bearden et al. (1995)
are assessed usually relate to quantitative outcomes or quotas, such as total sales
volume, gross margin, market share, number of new accounts added and accounts
retained. It also strengthened the study of Crizaldo (2010) and Limpiada (2010), as
they based the performance and competitiveness of handicraft business and brand
new and surplus appliance store by targeting the monthly quotas. Sales force
surveys and gathers sales force’s collective knowledge and experiences about
customers and about the support, information, tools, training, and other resources the
salespeople need to boost sales significantly. (Howard Deutch, November 20, 2009)
14
smallbizviewpoints.com (2013), with the yearly increasing of cost of rent many store
owners maximize the use of the floor size to increase the productivity and as well as
to increase the business income. It supports the study of Fernandez (1998) as cited
of Bernardo (2012) which stated that, as the farmers have smaller farm area or size,
there is the tendency for the farmers to cultivate the land in more intensive manner
so that farm can be increased as well as it can increase the income of the farmers.
The physical characteristics of the workplace and the productivity of the employees
are positively correlated. The productivity of employees can be improved through the
efficient and effective organization of teams and by supporting the emotional well-
being of the employees using rewards and creating a sense of security and
belonging (Best, Langston & De Valence, 2003). Business owners should ensure that
the building and work environment comply with the standards of health, safety, and
(Booty, 2009). Inflation rates affect the rent paid by tenants and the income received
by landlords. When vacancy rates are low, landlords have the power to charge higher
rental rates with increasing inflation; however, when vacancy rates are high, the
negotiating power switches to tenants, who then have the ability to choose cheaper
consumers‟ purchasing power. This reduces the demand for products and services
resulting in lower revenues for business owners, according to Hartzell & Webb (1993)
as cited by Ebazaar (2008). Bosch et al. (2011) describe the interest rate as the cost
15
of money expressed as a percentage. The demand for and supply of money in the
market determines the level of the interest rate at a given period. Changes in interest
rates, such as the repo rate and the prime lending rate, influence the costs related to
property more expensive for business owners as the cost associated with a mortgage
bond will be higher than the cost of renting said by Kernohan (2010).
Business Profile
readers about the business, such as the name of the business, business history,
product or service offerings, location of the business, and expertise. Ottow, (2016)
stated that business profile is a quick look into a business/company, that enables
different groups of people to know the basic information and get the general idea
about the business. A good business profile should demonstrate how effective a
company is at meeting customer’s needs (Ottow, 2016). In this research study, the
researchers will only determine some items about the business profile of the water
stations which includes (a) type of ownership, (b) Length of operation, (c) Size of the
Business.
Flexibility
of the business environment, the business will create a way to discover something
that works more efficiently than what already exist (La Marco, 2018). In a
contemporary world, small business must be flexible if your too rigid, then the
the changes in the environment (Soffer, n.d.). Flexible operations are operations that
pertain to configuring a product line to deal with various requirements and to easily
adjust this product lines to new requirements. Flexibility lies to the speed of
16
while also adapting to the operations to adequately suit different market conditions
Ibarondo and Mercader, (n.d.) stated that the traditional way of the business
organization to be flexible is by increasing its capacity and using the stored products
to comply with the demand variations. They also explained that most of the greater
problem of the enterprises is the ability to provide the offered product or services on
time, with the effective fulfilment required by its customer (Ibarondo and Mercader,
n.d.)
According to Prasal, (n.d.) there are types of flexibility. These are the
product/service flexibility, mix flexibility, volume flexibility, and delivery flexibility. The
different types of flexibility allow an operation to fit its product/services to its customer
in same way. Mix flexibility allows an operation to produce a wide variety of products
and services for its customer to choose from. Product/services flexibility allows
developing and enhancing the product or generating new ideas that the customer
might find it attractive. Volume and delivery flexibility allow the operation to adjust its
output levels and its delivery procedures in order to cope with unexpected changes.
The internal affects associated with this performance objective, the three most
important are namely flexibility speeds up response, flexibility saves time, and
volume flexibility. According to Wagner, et. al., (2011) volume flexibility is the
capability of the business to react to the changes in the volume of the products, or
Dependability
accordance with planned price and costs (Planet Together, 2019). It also has a big
customers as a good thing. Certainly, being late with the delivery of products and
services can irritate the customers. Internal dependability has an effect on cost in
three ways- by saving time (and therefore money), by saving money directly and by
giving an organization the stability which allows it to improve its efficiencies (Prasal,
Quality of Product
Having a desirable product that is reliable, durable, can easily be serviced, performs
well, and the customers believed in it is a substantial component within the objectives
customer revolves around the customers reported defects (CFD) regarding the
product, rather than the other aspect of quality, such as whether the product does
the organization’s performance through the eyes of its customers, so that the
Furthermore, there are different ways to measure customer satisfaction that the
management of the business must do. One of the ways is to survey customer; it is a
probable way of getting customer feedback about the quality of the product or service
expectation will enable the management to provide what the customers really wants
Speed
Speed Measures the time that it takes to create or process one or more
product and measures how quickly the business can deliver the product and sales
thus, choosing a supplier with shorter lead time provides significant advantage for the
a key aspect of the way of creating the product and controlling it is necessary for the
price when the service is fast. The effects of speed have much to do with cost
reduction.
significant negatively effects on the society as a whole, but also on the efficiency of
operations and supply chain (SC) management (OSCM) business models. Such
al. 2018; Pavlov et al. 2019b). While SCs across the globe have been already
suffering from epidemics and pandemic, they have recently been seriously hit by an
Dolgui 2020b).
In response to COVID-19, cities and states have curbed educational and business
operations under penalty of citations, fines, and loss of licenses. Almost all states
have closed or limited operation of bars, restaurants, theaters, gyms, shopping malls,
and other settings. More than half of states have closed all nonessential businesses,
with exceptions for health care, first responders, the food and agriculture sector, and
other needs.
States and localities historically have exercised broad authority over business
and closures.
Chapter III
20
METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses the research method used in the study, the
and statistical treatment of data. It also presents the respondents and the sampling
Research Design
The researchers will use the descriptive analytical method of research for this
certain to prevailing conditions affecting a given group. Hence, this study calls for this
out that the descriptive methods tell “what is” that which leads to a scientific
described.
the participants regarding their level of awareness about spa establishments and
services.
21
selected areas of Cavite specifically in the cities of Imus and Bacoor from September
stations in the cities of Imus and Bacoor. The respondents of this study will be the
staff of the water refilling station, who already have played the role as manager.
Using the total enumeration, the water refilling stations will be the sample size
subject for data gathering of this research study. Moreover, the researchers will
choose ten (10) water refilling stations form the remaining fourteen (14) areas of
Cavite that has the total of forty-two (42) unselected water refilling stations, for the
pre-test.
22
Table 1. Distribution of respondents by the top five areas with the most population of
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Bacoor 312
Silang 109
Tagaytay 25
Cavite City 41
Alfonso 31
Dasmarinas 310
Trece Martires 44
Imus 474
Indang 24
Amadeo 16
23
Naic 63
Kawit 60
Mendez 21
Tanza 3
Bailen 7
Ternate 6
Carmona 50
Maragondon 13
Rosario 50
GMA 44
______________________________________________________________
Total 1953
Sampling Technique
The method that will be used in this study is Convenience sampling due to
closing of some water refilling station and to follow the health protocol mandated by
the government because of Covid-19 pandemic. Due to this issue, the researchers
will be using the internet as their means of communication with the participants to
Sources of Data
This study will be using primary data. The questionnaires will be sent and
obtain from emails, Google survey forms and video chats (if possible). The
researchers will also gather data from different books, internet, and related studies of
In order for the researcher to collect the relevant information they needed for
the study, first they prepared a letter and sent it via email to the Department of Trade
Industry in Trece Martires, Cavite to get the list and identify the target population
which are the registered purified water refilling stations in the municipalities.
In conducting the survey, the researchers will look for a survey form that they
can use. They will submit a letter wherein they are requesting permission to hand out
misinterpretation wherein the respondents could easily understand what is being said
and asked in the questionnaire. The researchers will distribute the online survey
forms to their target respondents through online platforms and they will be given time
to answer the questions. After the distribution and collection of online survey forms,
the researchers will gather all the information, tabulate and interpret the gathered
data.
Administration Stage
Phase 4: Survey
First stage consists of three (3) phases: The first is creating and providing a
letter to be submitted to the selected Water Refilling Stations in Cavite that delimits
this study. Next phase is the choosing of the participants for the survey. On this
phase, the researcher’s choses the owner and employee of water refilling stations as
the participants of the study. The last phase of the stage is providing a questionnaire
for the survey. The researchers will then test the validity and reliability of the
instrument.
The next stage consists of two (2) phases: The first is the survey. On this
phase, the participants of the study will be gathered. The next phase is the data
Data Analysis
The data gathered from the survey will be tallied and organized into frequency
interpretation of findings.
26
Interpretation
Strongly agree. The participant strongly agreed that they have an extremely high
level of agree.
Aware. The participant agreed that they have a high level of agree.
multiplying the value in the groups by appropriate weight factors and the products
were summed up and divided by the total number of respondents. This was used to
Where:
27
X= Weighted Mean
The data were interpreted using the Five-Point Likert Scale as the criteria. It
The concept boundary of role was used as well as the options, to wit:
Hypothesis
Ho: The operational performance of Purified Water Refilling Stations Imus and
Bacoor Cavite is affected by its marketing, sales, and product quality aspects.
28
purified water business/ refilling stations in the Municipality of Imus and Bacoor
Cavite basically, it will determine the profile of the business entities, the operational
owners and the business performance initiatives that helped them enhance the
operational performance of their business. The study was conducted from Oct. 2020
to February 2020.
A total of 1,953 registered water refilling stations are listed in the whole Cavite
area based on the records provided by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI).
The record also shows that the municipalities of Imus and Bacoor has the highest
number of registered water stations among all other municipalities – 473 and 428
registered water stations, respectively. Therefore, the researchers will conduct the
study in these areas to obtain more information. The data will be obtaining through
questionnaires and interviews through online platforms like emails, video chats and
Google forms. The data that will be used in the study will be limited to what the
REFERENCES
Hartman, Lisa, Joines, Jeffrey A., King, Russell E., Thoney, Kristin A. (2011,
Nov 17). The Effect of Speed and Replenishment Flexibility has on
Overall Cost of Sourcing Apparel. The Journal of the textile Institute.
Volume 103, 2012. Issue 6. Pages 604 – 621. Retrieved from
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00405000.2011.595106/
Smith, Tom. (2014, June 11). How to Measure Customer Satisfaction. Retrieved from
http://www.insightsfromanalytics.com/blog/bid/391487/How-to-Measure-
Customer-Satisfaction
Maciel M. Queiroz, Dmitry Ivanov, Alexandre Dolgui & Samuel Fosso Wamba
Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10479-020-
03685-7
30