Cieverose College, Inc. Organization and Management: Performance Standards Learning Outcomes

CIEVEROSE COLLEGE, INC.
1644 ILANG-ILANG ST., CAMARIN CALOOCAN CITY
ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT

CHAPTER 3 PLANNING
(Week 5)
LESSON 1 DEFINITION AND NATURE OF PLANNING
1. DEFINITION AND PROCESS OF PLANNING
.
2. TYPES OF PLANS
3. PLANNING AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF THE FIRM
For this week, this module will discuss the nature of planning, compare and contrast
different types of plans and describe planning at different levels in the firm.
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
Learning Outcomes:
1. Determine the definition and nature of planning.
2. Identify the planning process and different types of plans.
3. Understand the difference of planning in every levels of the firm.
To start with this module, you are advised to follow these simple instructions to assure
learning.
1. Look for a good place to study to. It should have clear surroundings, proper ventilation, free
from different noise, and make sure the lights are on.
2. Prepare all the learning tools and materials.
3. Answer the pre-test based on your retained learning.
4. Read and analyze the content of the module.
5. Takedown notes so that you will remember all the important details.
6. Finish all the activities in the module. Enjoy every moment of doing it.
7. Let the facilitator/guardian evaluate your work.
8. Review and prepare for the post-test.
9. Apply the skills you have learned after doing all the activities.
For this lesson, you are expected to:

 Understand the meaning or organization and management.
 Appreciate the importance of a manager in a business.

Ilang-ilang St. Camarin
ORGANIZATION & MANAGEMENT VENUS L. FRIAS
Caloocan City Chapter 1; Lesson 1 - Week 1 Teacher
Determine the difference of the following terms in each number.

1. Strategy vs tactics
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2. Operational planning vs contingency planning
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3. Single use plans vs on-going plans
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Based on your personal experience, why is it important to have a plan in

every decision you make? Give situation/s in your life that you can relate
planning.
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PL
ANNING
Process that involves the setting of organization’s goals, establishing strategies for
accomplishing those goals and developing plans of actions that managers intend to use to
achieve the organizational goals.
NATURE OF PLANNING
 Primary function
Functions of management largely depends upon planning. It provides the
basic foundation from which all future management functions arise.
 Goal-oriented
Plans arise from objectives. Objectives provide guidelines for planning.
 Continuous planning
It is an on-going process of adapting the organization with the changes in
business.

 Flexible
Planning selects the best alternatives based on certain assumptions. There is
a possibility of dead log in the functions of the management. It has one more
alternative to suit future situation.
 Managerial function
It is found at all levels and all departments of an organization. It involves
choosing the future course of action from among alternatives.
PLANNING PROCESS
Establishment of objectives
Developing premises
Evaluating and selection of

alternatives
Formulating derivative plans
Securing cooperation and

participation
Review and follow up
1. Establishment of objectives
It involves identification of goals and objectives of the organization by carefully
examining the internal and external environment affecting the business.
2. Developing premises
Premises are assumptions about the environment in which plans are made and
implemented. Thus, assumptions about market demand, cost of raw material,
technology to be used, population growth, government policy, etc. are to be made while
formulating a plan.
3. Evaluating and selection of alternatives

Changes in the external environment pose different alternatives for organizations to
carry out a particular task. Different alternatives are evaluated against factors like costs,
risks and benefits involved in following a specific course of action and the best
alternative is chosen.
4. Formulating derivatives plans

Derivative plans are secondary plans formulated to support the basic plan.
Derivative plans indicate the time schedule and sequence of performing various tasks.

5. Securing cooperation and participation

Manager must involve people from various departments and take their suggestions
and criticism to rectify the defects in the plan if any. Participation of employees in
formulation of plans motivates them to carry out the plan with best of their abilities.
6. Review and follow up

Plans are constantly reviewed to ensure their relevance and effectiveness with the
changing dynamics in the business environment. It helps to develop sound plans for the
future and avoiding mistakes that surface after or while implementing a plan.
TYPES OF PLANNING
1. Operational Planning are about how things need to happen. This type of planning
typically describes the day-to-day running of the company.
a. Single use plans are created for events and activities with a single occurrence.
b. Ongoing plans include policies for approaching problems, rules for specific
regulations and procedures for a step-by-step process for accomplishing
particular objectives.
4. Strategic Planning are all about why things need to happen. It includes high-level
overview of the entire business. It is the foundational basis of the organization and
will dictate long-term decisions. The scope of strategic planning can be anywhere
from the next two years to the next 10 years. Important components of a strategic
plan are vision, mission and values.
5. Tactical Planning are about what is going to happen. It supports strategic planning
and includes tactics that the organization plans to use to achieve what’s outlined in
the strategic plan. Often, the scope is less than one year and breaks down the
strategic plan into actionable chunks.
6. Contingency Planning are made when something unexpected happens or when

something needs to be changed. Business experts sometimes refer to these plans
as a special type of planning. It is essential in moments when changes can’t be
foreseen.
PLANNING AT DIFFERENT LEVELS IN THE FIRM
TYPE OF PLANNING MANAGERIAL LEVEL EXAMPLES
Strategic planning Top management Organization’s mission

and vision
Tactical planning Middle management Policies and

procedures
Operational planning Supervisory Daily and weekly plans
management
Contingency planning Primarily top Emergency plans
management, but all
levels contribute

You are the new CEO of your family business which is a restaurant. The theme of
your business is old-fashioned which is one of the reasons why your customers are keep
on coming back because of its vintage ambiance. However, now that we are on a
pandemic, your profit decreases since there are few customers who can personally go and
visit your shop. Since you were old-fashioned restaurant, you don’t have delivery options
since this will also increase your expenses. How are you going to deal with it? Write your
specific plans.
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Based on your answers, identify how each level of the firm will execute those plans
you made. Refer to the discussion in this module.
Managerial Level Tasks

Imagine that you are about to establish your own company. Create a plan for your
company following the planning process discussed in this module.

1. If the strategic goal of your organization is the improvement of its profitability, what
routine tasks could be included in your operational planning? Name some of these
tasks.
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2. Describe present day organizational planning. Is it rigid or flexible? Explain your answer.
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3. Explain the relationship between planning and communication.

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References:
Donald, J., (2017). Unit I Meaning and Nature of Organization. AuthorStream.

Retrieved from http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/Jadder-3268145-unit-
meaning-nature-organization/
Kukreja, S. (n.d.). Five Functions of Management. Management Study HQ.

Retrieve from https://www.managementstudyhq.com/functions-of-management.html
Payos, R., Espinosa, E., Zorilla, O. (2016). Organization and Management First Edition.
Manila, Philippines. REX Book Store.


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CIEVEROSE COLLEGE, INC.

1644 ILANG-ILANG ST., CAMARIN CALOOCAN CITY

ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT

For this lesson, you are expected to: