12 Port Crafts and Aids To Navigation

12 Port Crafts and Aids To Navigation
12.1 Port Crafts
The following port crafts are proposed for marine operations:
12.1.1 Tugs
The main activity of harbour tug is providing assistance to vessels entering / leaving the harbour,
turning of the vessel in the harbour and the berthing / unberthing operations.
Considering the maximum size of the ships planned to call at this port i.e. iron ore carrier of
200,000 DWT, it is recommended to provide atleast four tugs. The model studies for the
navigational simulations had assumed 4 tugs with 50 T bollard pull capacity, however the
maximum bollard pull utilised was only 40 T. It is therefore proposed to provide two tugs of 50 T
bollard pull capacity and two tugs of 40 T bollard pull capacity. These tugs should have high
manoeuvrability and instant response and provided with ‘Tractor Propulsion’. One of these tugs
should also be provided with fire fighting capabilities.
12.1.2 Pilot-cum-Survey Boats
Pilot boats transfer pilots to and from the incoming / outgoing vessels.
It is recommended to provide one all weather type pilot cum survey boat. The pilot launch should
be a twin screw with 15 to 20m overall length and of steel construction. The speed range shall
be 15-20 knots. In case of the breakdown of the pilot launch, one of the tugs may be used.
12.1.3 Mooring Launches
The main activities with these small boats are the transfer of mooring ropes between vessel and
quay and transfer of mooring crew.
The mooring launches with good manoeuvrability will be about 10m long with open deck and
single screw. The propulsion power shall be delivered by an electrically starting diesel engine of
approximate 75-100 kW, driving the propeller shaft via a reverse reduction gearbox. Two
mooring launches will be provided at the port.
12.2 Aids to Navigation
12.2.1 General
Aids to Navigation for the proposed port at Gangavaram are required to be provided to ensure
safe and efficient navigation of vessels to and from the port. These aids will assist the captains
Detailed Project Report

December 2004 Section 12 - Page 1 of 5
and pilots in determining the position of vessel while transiting the navigational channel and
manoeuvring inside the port.
The navigation channel has an orientation of 84° - 264° with turning basin of 600m diameter
inside the port. The approach channel stretching from the breakwater heads to 22m contour has
a width of 200m and a length of about 1.5 km. Gangavaram port is designed to handle 200,000
DWT vessels from the initial stage itself.
The existing lighthouse at Visakhapatnam port at Dolphins Nose, which is operated and
maintained by Directorate General of Lighthouses and Lightships (DGLL) will assist the mariners
to identify the location of the port while far out at sea. The characteristics of the lighthouse are
given below:
Height above MSL : 173m

Range : 32 n miles
Structure : White square with black bands
Light : Flw 10S
The aids to navigation proposed to be provided at Gangavaram port are shown in Drawing
0903/DPR/371 and are detailed below:
12.2.2 Fairway Buoy
Fairway buoy (FB) marks the entry to the approach channel and also indicates the location of the
pilot boarding area. Hence the vessels calling at Gangavaram port should be able to detect the
fairway buoy while approaching the port.
The characteristics of the fairway buoy are as follows:
Position - 0.5 n mile east of the channel entry

Type - Fibre Reinforced Plastic (FRP) (3m dia)
Radar Reflector - Fitted
Light characteristics - Fl RW 105 10m LED 20W Halogen Lamps
Power - Solar with backup battery for optimum autonomy.
Anchoring arrangement - with 32mm diameter chain and 3.0 tonnes anchor weight
12.2.3 Channel Marker Buoys
There will be a Channel Marker Buoy (B-1) at the beginning of the channel on the Southern side.
A pair of Channel Marker Buoys (B-2 & B-3) will be provided midway between the breakwater
heads and the beginning of the channel.

The channel marker buoys will have the following characteristics:
Position - As indicated in the drawing

Type - FRP (3m dia)
Day mark - Single Green, Cone type (Starboard buoy)
Single Red, Can type (Portside buoy)
Radar reflector - Fitted
Light characteristics - Fl G 3s 2m (star board buoys)
Fl R 3s 2m (portside buoys)
LED 20W Halogen Lamps
Power - Solar plus backup battery for optimum autonomy.
Anchoring arrangement - with 32mm diameter chain and 3.0 tonnes anchor
weight
In addition, there will be 4 buoys (B4, B5, B6 & B7) marking the periphery of the Harbour Basin.
These will have following characteristics:
Position - As indicated
Type - FRP
Day mark - Single Green, Cone type (Starboard buoy)
Single Red, Can type (Portside buoy)
Radar reflector - Fitted
Light characteristics - Fl G 1s, 2s,4s.5 m (Three starboard buoys)
Fl R 2s 5m (1portside buoy)
Power - Solar plus backup battery for optimum autonomy.
Anchoring arrangement - with 22mm diameter chain and 1.5 tonnes anchor
weight
12.2.4 Beacons (Breakwater lights)
Roundheads of both the breakwaters will be provided with Beacons.
South Breakwater Roundhead will be provided with Racon.
The structure would consist of 1m diameter hollow tubular structures with internal access steps
to reach light position
Light characteristics - Fl G 2s 10m (North Beacon)

- Fl R 2s 10m (South Beacon)

Power - Solar plus backup battery for optimum autonomy
12.2.5 Leading Lights / Lines
It is necessary to mark the centre line of the channel with leading lights to ensure safe day and
night navigation of vessels visiting the Port.
The leading lines may meet the following criteria:
Useful range - Navigation channel

Visibility range - 20 n. miles
The Leading lines and Leading lights are designed in accordance with IALA Guidelines and
recommendations and the details are as follows:
Height
Front Leading light (FLL) - 18m

Rear Leading light (RLL) - 28m
Day mark - As per IALA Guidelines
Light Characteristics - Front Light Fl Y 1s
Rear Light Occ.Y 3s
The leading lights will be controlled by a sun-switch to ensure that the lights operate only during
darkness or bad visibility. Power supply will be provided by batteries, to be recharged by solar
panel systems mounted on the supporting structure, and/ or by power supply from the port
distribution system. The battery banks shall be sized to ensure 24 hours continuous operation of
the lighting system.
12.2.6 Transit Lights
Two transit lights are proposed to be provided. One (TR 1) will allow the ship to be able to align
with the centre of the turning circle after entering the harbour basin and other (TR 2) will allow to
locate the position of the ship with reference to the turning circle.
Height
Front Transit light (FTL) - 15m

Rear Transit light (RTL) - 18m
Day mark - As per IALA Guidelines

Light Characteristics for (TR 1) - Front Light Fl G 1s
Rear Light Fl G 3s
Light Characteristics for (TR 2) - Front Light Fl R 1s
Rear Light. Fl R 3s
Visibility - 10 n. miles
Transit Light Towers will be built of Concrete / Steel framework.
12.2.7 Vessel Traffic Services (VTS)
For the purposes of improving the safety and efficiency of maritime traffic and protection of
marine environment, IMO has laid down establishment of vessel traffic services at ports,
consistent with the volume of traffic and the degree of risk. In accordance with this and also
keeping in view the ISPS requirements of security, it is proposed to make a modest beginning
with the establishment of Vessel Traffic Services designed to provide first level of service i.e.
Information Service, expandable later to Navigational Assistance Service and Traffic
Organisation Service as per the demands of traffic build-up.
The recommended configuration of VTS to be located at Control Tower will be as follows:
i. Automatic Radar Plotter Aid (ARPA)

ii. Automatic Identification System (AIS) Base Station (with application of transmission of
meteorological/hydrological data
iii. VHF Communication
iv. Required Computer System


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12 Port Crafts and Aids To Navigation

12.1 Port Crafts

The following port crafts are proposed for marine operations:

12.1.2 Pilot-cum-Survey Boats

12.1.3 Mooring Launches

12.2 Aids to Navigation

Detailed Project Report

Height above MSL : 173m

12.2.2 Fairway Buoy

The characteristics of the fairway buoy are as follows:

Position - 0.5 n mile east of the channel entry

12.2.3 Channel Marker Buoys

Detailed Project Report

Position - As indicated in the drawing

12.2.4 Beacons (Breakwater lights)

Roundheads of both the breakwaters will be provided with Beacons.

South Breakwater Roundhead will be provided with Racon.

Light characteristics - Fl G 2s 10m (North Beacon)

Detailed Project Report

12.2.5 Leading Lights / Lines

The leading lines may meet the following criteria:

Useful range - Navigation channel

Front Leading light (FLL) - 18m

12.2.6 Transit Lights

Front Transit light (FTL) - 15m

Detailed Project Report

Transit Light Towers will be built of Concrete / Steel framework.

12.2.7 Vessel Traffic Services (VTS)

The recommended configuration of VTS to be located at Control Tower will be as follows:

i. Automatic Radar Plotter Aid (ARPA)

Detailed Project Report

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