Krok1 - Medicine - 2016
Krok1 - Medicine - 2016
Krok1 - Medicine - 2016
A. Immune-enzyme analysis
B. Radioimmunoassay A. Heat radiation
C. Immunofluorescence test B. Heat conduction
D. Bordet-Gengou test C. Convection
E. Antigen-binding assay D. Evaporation
E. -
62. A patient with insulin-dependent di-
abetes mellitus has been administered 67. Due to destruction of certain structures
insulin. After a certain period of time of the brainstem an animal has lost its ori-
the patient developed fatigue, irritabili- entation reflexes in response to strong light
ty, excessive sweating. What is the main stimuli. What structures were destroyed?
mechanism of such presentations developi-
ng? A. Anterior quadrigeminal bodies
B. Posterior quadrigeminal bodies
A. Carbohydrate starvation of the brain C. Red nuclei
B. Increased glycogenolysis D. Vestibular nuclei
C. Increased ketogenesis E. Substantia nigra
D. Increased lipogenesis
E. Decreased glyconeogenesis 68. Urine analysis has shown high levels of
protein and erythrocytes in urine. This can
63. Examination of a 52-year-old woman be caused by the following:
has revealed a decrease in the amount
of red blood cells and an increase in A. Renal filter permeability
free hemoglobin in the blood plasma B. Effective filter pressure
(hemoglobinemia). Color index is 0,85. C. Hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular
What type of anemia is being observed in capillaries
the patient? D. Hydrostatic primary urine pressure in
capsule
A. Acquired hemolytic E. Oncotic pressure of blood plasma
B. Hereditary hemolytic
C. Acute hemorrhagic 69. Along with normal hemoglobin types
D. Chronic hemorrhagic there can be pathological ones in the organi-
E. Anemia due to diminished erythropoiesis sm of an adult. Name one of them:
the left coronary sulcus of the heart. Name ration is slow and shallow due to suppressi-
this pathological vessel: on of the respiratory center. What kind of
respiratory failure occurred in this case?
A. Ramus circumflexus
B. Ramus interventricularis posterior A. Ventilatory disregulation
C. A. coronaria dextra B. Ventilatory obstruction
D. V.cordis parva C. Ventilatory restriction
E. Ramus interventricularis anterior D. Perfusion
E. Diffusion
73. A comatose patient was taken to the
hospital. He has a history of diabetes melli- 78. On histological examination of uterine
tus. Objectively: Kussmaul breathing, low mucosa the following is detected: sinuous
blood pressure, acetone odor of breath. glands, serratiform and corkscrew-shaped
After the emergency treatment the pati- elongated growths of stroma with cell proli-
ent’s condition improved. What drug had feration. Make the diagnosis:
been administered?
A. Glandular endometrial hyperplasia
A. Insulin B. Acute endometritis
B. Adrenaline C. Leiomyoma
C. Isadrinum D. Vesicular mole
D. Glibenclamide E. Placental polyp
E. Furosemide
79. 10 minutes after the beginning of
74. A patient complains of pain in the ri- heavy physical work a person demonstrates
ght lateral abdomen. Palpation revealed a increase of erythrocyte number in blood
dense, immobile, tumor-like formation. The from 4, 0 · 1012 /l to 4, 5 · 1012 /l. What is the
tumor is likely to be found in the following cause of this phenomenon?
part of the digestive tube:
A. Erythrocytes exit from depot
A. Colon ascendens B. Suppression of erythrocyte destruction
B. Colon transversum C. Erythropoiesis activation
C. Colon descendens D. Increase of cardiac output
D. Colon sigmoideum E. Water loss
E. Caecum
80. A patient has a traumatic injury
75. A patient hospitalized due to mercury of sternocleidomastoid muscle. This has
intoxication presents with the followi- resulted in a decrease of the following value:
ng processes in the kidneys: focal
necrotic changes of tubules of major A. Inspiratory reserve volume
renal regions, edema, leukocyte infiltrati- B. Expiratory reserve volume
on and hemorrhages in the interstitial ti- C. Respiratory volume
ssue, venous congestion. What condition D. Residual volume
developed in the patient? E. Functional residual lung capacity
A. Acute necrotic nephrosis 81. Autopsy of a 40-year-old woman,
B. Acute glomerulonephritis who died of cerebral hemorrhage duri-
C. Chronic renal failure ng hypertensic crisis, revealed: upper-
D. Acute pyelonephritis body obesity, hypertrichosis, hirsutism,
E. Chronic pyelonephritis stretchmarks on the skin of thighs and
abdomen. Pituitary basophil adenoma is
76. According to phenotypic diagnosis a detected in the anterior lobe. What di-
female patient has been provisionally di- agnosis is the most likely?
agnosed with X-chromosome polysomia.
This diagnosis can be confirmed by A. Cushing’s disease
cytogenetic method. What karyotype will B. Essential hypertension
confirm the diagnosis? C. Alimentary obesity
D. Simmonds’ disease
A. 47(ХХХ) E. Hypothalamic obesity
B. 48(XXXY)
C. 48(XXYY) 82. A specimen shows an organ covered
D. 47(XXY) with the connective tissue capsule with
E. 46(XX) radiating trabeculae. There is also cortex
containing lymph nodules, and medullary
77. An uconscious young man in the state of cords made of lymphoid cells. What organ
morphine intoxication has been delivered is under study?
into an admission room. The patient’s respi-
Krok 1 Medicine (англомовний варiант, iноземнi студенти) 2016 рiк 9
A. Acetyl-CoA A. Balantidiasis
B. Succinyl-CoA B. Amebiasis
C. Acyl-CoA C. Toxoplasmosis
D. Malonate D. Lambliasis
E. Citrate E. Trichomoniasis
93. A family of healthy students, who have 98. Blood group of a 30-year-old man has
arrived from Africa, gave birth to a chi- been determined before a surgery. The
ld with signs of anemia. The child has di- blood was Rhesus-positive. Agglutination
ed shortly after. Examination has revealed did not occur with standard 0 (I), А (II),
that the child’s erythrocytes are abnormally and В (III) serums. The blood belongs to
crescent-shaped. The disease is characreri- the following group:
zed by autosomal recessive inheritance.
Determine the genotype of the child’s A. 0 (I)
parents: B. А (II)
C. В (III)
A. Аа х Аа
B. Аа х аа D. АВ (IV)
C. АА х АА E. -
D. аа х аа 99. Histological specimen of a hemopoietic
E. Аа х АА organ shows clusters of node- and band-
94. At a certain stage of cell cycle shaped lymphocytes that along with stroma
chromosomes reach cellular poles, undergo elements compose cortical and medullar
despiralization; nuclear membranes are substances. Name this organ:
being formed around them; nucleolus is A. Lymph node
restored. What stage of mitosis is it? B. Spleen
A. Telophase C. Red bone marrow
B. Prophase D. Thymus
C. Prometaphase E. Palatine tonsil
D. Metaphase 100. It is known that in catecholami-
E. Anaphase ne metabolism a special role belongs
95. Cardiac arrest occurred in a patient to monoamine oxidase (MAO). This
during a surgery of the small intestine. enzyme inactivates mediators (noadrenalin,
What regulatory mechamisms resulted in adrenalin, dopamine) by:
the cardiac arrest in this case?
A. Oxidative deamination
A. Unconditioned parasympathetic reflexes B. Adjoining amino groups
B. Unconditioned sympathetic reflexes C. Removing methyl groups
C. Conditioned parasympathetic reflexes D. Carboxylation
D. Conditioned sympathetic reflexes E. Hydrolysis
E. Metasympathetic reflexes
101. Cellular composition of exudate
96. Vestibular receptors of semicircular largely depends on the etiological factor of
canals of an animal have been destroyed. inflammation. What leukocytes are the first
What reflexes will disappear as a result? to be involved in the focus of inflammation
caused by pyogenic bacteria?
A. Statokinetic reflex during movements
with angular acceleration A. Neutrophil granulocytes
B. Statokinetic reflex during movements B. Monocytes
with linear acceleration C. Myelocytes
C. Head-righting reflex D. Eosinophilic granulocytes
D. Body-righting reflex E. Basophils
E. Primary orienting reflex
102. A surgeon has detected inflammation
97. A patient working at a pig farm complai- of the Meckel’s diverticulum in a patient.
ns of paroxysmal abdominal pain, liquid During surgical invasion it can be located in
feces with mucus and blood, headache, the:
weakness, fever. Examination of large
intestine revealed ulcers from 1 mm up to A. Ileum
several cm in diameter, feces contained oval B. Jejunum
unicellular organisms with cilia. What di- C. Colon
sease can be suspected? D. Duodenum
E. Sigmoid colon
Krok 1 Medicine (англомовний варiант, iноземнi студенти) 2016 рiк 11
113. When blood circulation in the damaged with large polymorphous nuclei. What
tissue is restored, lactate accumulation tumour is it?
stops and glucose consumption decelerates.
These metabolic changes are caused by acti- A. Medulloblastoma
vation of the following process: B. Meningioma
C. Glioblastoma
A. Aerobic glycolysis D. Astrocytoma
B. Anaerobic glycolysis E. Oligodendroglioma
C. Lipolysis
D. Gluconeogenesis 119. When studying the signs of pulmonary
E. Glycogen biosynthesis ventilation, reduction of forced expiratory
volume has been detected. What is the li-
114. A 67-year-old patient complains of kely cause of this phenomenon?
periodic heartache, dyspnea during light
physical activities. ECG reveals extraordi- A. Obstructive pulmonary disease
nary contractions of heart ventricles. Such B. Increase of respiratory volume
arrhythmia is called: C. Increase of inspiratory reserve volume
D. Increase of pulmonary residual volume
A. Extrasystole E. Increase of functional residual lung
B. Bradycardia capacity
C. Tachycardia
D. Flutter 120. A specimen of a parenchymal organ
E. Fibrillation shows poorly delineated hexagonal lobules
surrounding a central vein, and the
115. In investigation of serum proteins vari- interlobular connective tissue contains
ous physical and physicochemical methods embedded triads (an artery, a vein and an
can be used. In particular, serum albumi- excretory duct). What organ is it?
ns and globulins can be separated by the
method of: A. Liver
B. Pancreas
A. Electrophoresis C. Thymus
B. Polarography D. Spleen
C. Dialysis E. Thyroid
D. Spectrography
E. Refractometry 121. A patient had a trauma that caused
dysfunction of motor centers regulating
116. Pupil dilation occurs when a person activity of head muscles. In what parts of
steps from a light room into a dark one. cerebral cortex can these centers normally
What reflex causes such a reaction? be located?
A. Sympathetic unconditioned reflex A. Inferior part of precentral gyrus
B. Sympathetic conditioned reflex B. Superior part of precentral gyrus
C. Metasympathetic reflex C. Supramarginal gyrus
D. Parasympathetic unconditioned reflex D. Superior parietal lobule
E. Parasympathetic conditioned reflex E. Angular gyrus
117. Cells of a person working in the 122. At the post-mortem examination the
Chornobyl Exclusion Zone have undergone stomach of a patient with renal failure was
a mutation in DNA molecule. However, found to have a yellow-brown coating on
with time the damaged interval of DNA the thickened mucosa. The coating was fi-
molecule has been restored to its initial rmly adhering to its surface and had si-
structure with a specific enzyme. In this case gnificant thickness. Microscopy revealed
the following occurred: congestion and necrosis of mucosal and
submucosal layers, fibrin presence. What is
A. Repair the most likely diagnosis?
B. Replication
C. Transcription A. Fibrinous gastritis
D. Reverse transcription B. Croupous gastritis
E. Translation C. Gastric abscess
D. Esogastritis
118. Autopsy of a 5-year-old child revealed E. Corrosive gastritis
in the area of the vermis of cerebellum a soft
grayish-pink node 2 cm in diameter with 123. A 60-year-old man suffering from
blurred margins and areas of haemorrhage. chronic hepatitis frequently observes nasal
Histologically this tumour consisted of and gingival hemorrhages, spontaneous
atypical monomorphous small round cells hemorrhagic rashes on the skin and mucosa.
Krok 1 Medicine (англомовний варiант, iноземнi студенти) 2016 рiк 13
A. Histamine
A. Cerebellum B. Hageman’s factor
B. Medulla oblongata C. Lysosomal enzymes
C. Oliencephalon D. Noradrenaline
D. Mesencephalon E. Adrenaline
E. Prosencephalon
139. Autopsy of a 28-year-old patient, who
134. A 36-year-old patient has been admini- had been suffering from rheumatism and
stered a depolarizing muscle relaxant duri- died of heart failure, revealed pancardi-
ng a surgery. Name this drug: tis. Histological investigation of myocardi-
um of the left ventricle posterior wall
A. Dithylinum and interventricular septum detected peri-
B. Proserin vascular cellular focal infiltrates composed
C. Pipecuronium bromide (Arduan) of macrophages and creating palisade
D. Diazepam structures surrounding areas of fibrinoid
E. Aminazine necrosis. Determine the type of myocarditis:
135. A man has suffered multiple bone A. Granulomatous
fractures of his lower extremities duri- B. Diffuse interstitial productive
ng a traffic accident. During transportati- C. Diffuse interstitial exudative
on to a hospital his condition was further D. Focal interstitial exudative
aggravated: blood pressure decreased, there E. -
were signs of pulmonary artery embolism.
What kind of embolism is the most likely in 140. When ascending to the top of Elbrus,
the given case? a mountain climber experiences oxygen
starvation, dyspnea, palpitations, and
A. Fat embolism numbness of the extremities. What kind of
B. Air embolism hypoxia has developed in the mountain cli-
C. Gas embolism mber?
D. Tissue embolism
E. Thromboembolism A. Hypoxic
B. Circulatory
136. UN volunteers have arrived in Ni- C. Hemic
geria to assist the locals in aftermath D. Tissue
of earthquakes. What drug should they E. Cardiac
prescribe for individual chemoprophylaxis
of malaria? 141. A 2-year-old boy is diagnosed wi-
th Down syndrome. What chromosomal
A. Chingamin changes can cause this disease?
B. Pyrantel
C. Pyrimethamine (Chloridinum) A. Trisomy 21
D. Primaquine B. Trisomy 13
E. Interferon (Laferon) C. Trisomy X
D. Trisomy 18
137. After an extended treatment wi- E. Monosomy X
th sulfanamides a patient has developed
macrocytic anemia. Production of active 142. A 62-year-old patient has been hospi-
forms of the following vitamin is disrupted talized due to massive cerebral hemorrhage.
in such a condition: Blood pressure is 70/30 mm Hg, heart
rate is 120/min., respiratory rate is 4/min.,
A. Folic acid unconscious, no response to external sti-
B. Thiamine muli. Such condition can be determined as:
C. Riboflavin
D. Pyridoxine A. Coma
E. Cyanocobalamin B. Shock
C. Collapse
138. A woman resting in the countrysi- D. Stress
de has been stung by a bee. Immediately E. Agony
after she developed pain in the stung area.
In a few minutes there developed a vesi- 143. A 3-year-old girl with mental retardati-
cle, erythema and intense itch; later - urti- on has been diagnosed with sphingomyelin
caria and expiratory dyspnea. What factors lipidosis (Niemann-Pick disease). In this
resulted in the patient developing expi- condition synthesis of the following
ratory dyspnea? substance is disrupted:
Krok 1 Medicine (англомовний варiант, iноземнi студенти) 2016 рiк 15
A. Microangiopathy A. Cholera
B. Macroangiopathy B. Shigellosis
C. Atherosclerosis C. Typhoid fever
D. Neuropathy D. Colienteritis
E. Glomerulopathy E. Pseudotuberculosis
175. Administration of doxycycline 180. An athlete (long-distance runner) duri-
hydrochloride has caused an imbalance of ng a contest developed a case of acute cardi-
the symbiotic intestinal microflora. Specify ac insufficiency. This pathology resulted
the kind of imbalance caused by the antibi- from:
otic therapy:
A. Cardiac volume overload
A. Dysbacteriosis B. Disrupted coronary circulation
B. Sensibilization C. Direct damage to myocardium
C. Idiosyncrasy D. Pericardium pathology
D. Superimposed infection E. Cardiac pressure overload
E. Bacteriosis
181. Parkinson’s disease is caused by di-
176. Cholesterol content in blood serum sruption of dopamine synthesis. What brain
of a 12-year-old boy is 25 mmol/l. structure synthesizes this neurotransmitter?
Anamnesis states hereditary familial
hypercholesterolemia caused by synthesis A. Substantia nigra
disruption of receptor-related proteins for: B. Globus pallidus
C. Corpora quadrigemina
A. Low-density lipoproteins D. Red nucleus
B. High-density lipoproteins E. Hypothalamus
C. Chylomicrons
D. Very low-density lipoproteins 182. Name the halogen-containing anti-
E. Middle-density lipoproteins septic with fungicidal properties, which is
used to treat dermatomycosis:
177. During recording of a spirogram a pati-
ent calmly exhaled. How do we call the A. Iodine solution
volume of air remaining in the lungs? B. Formalin solution
C. Methylene blue
A. Functional residual capacity D. Brilliant green
B. Pulmonary residual volume E. Boric acid solution
C. Expiratory reserve volume
D. Tidal volume 183. Due to severe pain syndrome a patient
E. Vital capacity of lungs was prescribed a narcotic analgesic. Name
this drug:
178. A 40-year-old woman was diagnosed
with glomerulonephritis based on her cli- A. Morphine
nical symptoms and the results of urine B. Metamizole (Analgin)
analysis. Anamnesis states chronic tonsilli- C. Nimesulide
tis. What microorganisms are the most likely D. Dimethyl sulfoxide
cause for the kidney damage in this case? E. Indometacin
A. Streptococci 184. During pathomorphological renal
B. Staphylococci investigation of a patient, who for a long
C. Escherichia time had been suffering from osteomyeli-
D. Mycoplasma tis and died of progressing renal fai-
E. Meningococci lure, the following was revealed: deposi-
ts of homogeneous eosinophilic masses
179. A man is suffering from diarrhea. In in glomerular mesangium, arterial and
summer he spent his vacation in the south arteriolar walls, and stroma, which colored
at the sea coast. Bacteria with the following red when stained with Congo red. What
properties were detected in his feces: gram- pathological process is this?
negative curved mobile monotrichous baci-
lli that do not produce spores or capsules. A. Amyloidosis
Bacilli are undemanding to nutrient medi- B. Mucoid swelling
um but require alkaline reaction (рН 8,5- C. Calcinosis
9,5). Described are the agents of the followi- D. Carbohydrate degeneration
ng enteric infection: E. Hyalinosis
185. During experiment a dog has
developed conditioned digestive reflex in
Krok 1 Medicine (англомовний варiант, iноземнi студенти) 2016 рiк 19