IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE)

e-ISSN: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 11, Issue 1 Ver. II (Jan. 2014), PP 54-59
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“Cost, Analysis and Design of Steel-Concrete Composite

Structure Rcc Structure”
Anamika Tedia1, Dr. Savita Maru 2
1(
ME-(CASDD) Student, Department of civil, U.E.C, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India)
2
(H.O.D. Professor Department of civil, U.E.C, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India)

Abstract: Steel-concrete composite construction means steel section encased in concrete for columns & the
concrete slab or profiled deck slab is connected to the steel beam with the help of mechanical shear connectors
so that they act as a single unit..Steel-concrete composite with R.C.C. options are considered for comparative
study of G+5 storey office building with 3.658 m height, which is situated in earthquake zone III(indore)& wind
speed 50 m/s. The overall plan dimension of the building is 56.3 m x 31.94 m.Equivalent Static Method of
Analysis is used. For modeling of Composite & R.C.C. structures, staad-pro software is used and the results are
compared; and it is found that composite structure more economical.
Keywords: Composite column, steel beam, shears connectors & staad-pro.

I. Introduction
The use of Steel in construction industry is very low in India compared to many developing countries.
Experiences of other countries indicate that this is not due to the lack of economy of Steel as a construction
material. There is a great potential for increasing the volume of Steel in construction, especially the current
development needs in India. exploring Steel as an alternative construction material and not using it where it is
economical is a heavy loss for the country. Also, it is evident that now-a-days, the composite sections using
Steel encased with Concrete are economic, cost and time effective solution in major civil structures such as
bridges and high rise buildings.

1.1 Composite Structures

Composite Steel-Concrete Structures are used widely in modern bridge and building construction. A
composite member is formed when a steel component ,such as an I beam ,is attached to a concrete component,
such as a floor slab or bridge deck. In such a composite T-beam the comparatively high strength of the concrete
in compression complements the high strength of the steel in tension. The fact that each material is used to the
fullest advantage makes composite Steel-Concrete construction very efficient and economical. However, the
real attraction of such construction is based on having an efficient connection of the Steel to the Concrete, and it
is this connection that allows a transfer of forces and gives composite members their unique behavior.

II. Objective
The composite sections using Steel encased with Concrete are economic, cost and time effective solution in
major civil structures such as bridges and high rise buildings. In due consideration of the above fact, this project
has been envisaged which consists of analysis and design of a high rise building using Steel-Concrete
composites. The project also involves analysis and design of an equivalent R.C.C structure so that a cost
comparison can be made between a Steel-Concrete composite structure and an equivalent R.C.C. structure.

III. Elements Of Composite Structure

3.1 Shear Connectors
Shear connections are essential for steel concrete construction as they integrate the compression
capacity of supported concrete slab with supporting steel beams / girders to improve the load carrying capacity
as well as overall rigidity.

3.2 Profiled Deck

Composite floors using profiled sheet decking have become very popular in the West for high-rise
buildings. Composite deck slabs are generally competitive where the concrete floor has to be completed quickly
and where medium level of fire protection to steel work is sufficient.

3.3 Composite Slab

The loads are applied in such a way that the load combination is most unfavorable. Load factors of 1.5
for both dead load and imposed load are employed in design calculations. Verification is required for the floor
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slab after composite behavior has commenced and any props have been removed.

3.4 Composite Beams

Composite beams, subjected mainly to bending, consist of steel section acting compositely with flange
of reinforced concrete. To act together, mechanical shear connectors are provided to transmit the horizontal
shear between the steel beam and the concrete slab, ignoring the effect of any bond between the two materials.
These also resist uplift force acting at the steel concrete interface.

3.5 Encased Columns

A composite member subjected mainly to compression and bending is called as composite column.
Pp = AaPy + Ac PCK + AS Psk Where, Py = 0.8 fy; Pck = 0.4(fck)cu and Psk = 0.67 fy

IV. Modeling And Analysis

4.1DEAD LOAD : IS 875 (Part I)-1987

4.2LIVE LOAD: 4.00 KN/m2
4.3WIND LOAD : IS : 875 (Part III) -
1987
Location : Indore
Basic wind speed = 50m/s

Fig. 1 Plan and Elevation of Regular Building

4.3.1 Wind Loads-Parallel To Shorter 4.3.2wind Loads-Parallel To Longer

Direction Direction
Floor GF 1ST 2ND 3RD 4TH 5TH Floor GF 1ST 2ND 3R 4T 5T
D H H
H 4.51 8.17 11.83 15.55 19.15 22.81 H 4.51 8.17 11.83 15.55 19.15 22.81

Ac 10.12 16.47 16.47 16.47 16.47 8.23

Ac 20.52 40.95 40.95 40.95 40.95 16.65
Cf 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Cf 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Pz 0.61 1.11 1.40 1.51 1.60 1.84
Pz 0.61 1.11 1.40 1.51 1.60 1.84
F 12.52 45.45 57.33 61.83 65.52 30.636
F 6.17 18.28 23.05 24.86 26.35 15.14

4.4 SEISMIC LOAD: IS: 1893(Part I): 2002

4.5 Calculation Of Lateral Forces

Floor Wi(kN Qi=VBWihi2/W
level hi (m) ) Wihi 2
ihi Vj = ∑ Qi
Gf 3.66 13977. 0.187 x 106 73.77 8770.38
1st 7.32 13977. 0.749 x 106 295.48 8696.6
2nd 10.98 13977. 1.685 x 106 664.72 8401.13
3rd 14.64 13977. 2.99 x 106 1179.53 7736.4
4th 18.3 13977. 4.681 x 106 1846.62 6556.88
5th 21.96 13977. 6.74 x 106 2658.9 4716.26
Roof 23.0 9856 5.2 x 106 2051.4 2051.4
22.23 106

4.6 Modeling Of Rcc Frame Structure

For the analysis of multi storied building following dimensions are considered which are elaborated
below. In the current study main goal is to compare the Static and Dynamic Analysis of symmetrical
(Rectangular) building.

Static Parameters:-
Design Parameters- Here the Analysis is being done for G+5 (rigid joint regular frame) building by
computer software using STAAD-Pro.

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Design Characteristics: - The following design characteristics are considered for Multistory rigid jointed
plane frames
Table 1 Design Data of Frame Structures
S.No Particulars Dimension/Size/Value
1. Model G+5
2. Seismic Zone III
3. Floor height 3.6M
4. Depth of foundation 2.4M
5. Building height 23M
6. Plan size 56.30Mx31.94M
7. Total area 1798 Sq.m
8. Size of columns 0.9Mx0.5M
9. Size of beams 0.3Mx0.90M
10 Walls (a)External-0.20M (b)Internal-0.10M
11. Thickness of slab 125mm
12. Earthquake load As per IS-1893-2002
13. Type of soil Type -II, Medium soil as per IS-1893
14. Ec 5000√fck N/ mm2(Ec is short term static modulus of elasticity in N/ mm2)
15. Fck 0.7√fc k N/ mm2(Fck is characteristic cube strength of concrete in N/ mm2
16. Live load 4 kN/ m2
17. Floor finish 1.00kN/ m2
18. Water proofing 2.500kN/ m2
19 Specific wt. of RCC 25.00 kN/ m2
20. Specific wt of infill 20.00 kN/ m2
21. Material used Concrete M-30and Reinforcement Fe-415(HYSD Confirming to IS-1786)
High strength deformed steel Confirming to IS-786. It is having modulus of
22. Reinforcement used Elasticity as 2 00 kN/ mm2
23. Static analysis Equivalent static lateral force method.
24. Software used STAAD-Pro for static analysis
25. Specified characteristic compressive strength of 150mm cube at 28 days for M-30grade concrete- 30N/ mm2
Ta = 0.075 h0.75 for moment resisting RC frame building without infill’s Ta = 0 .09 h
/√d for all other building i/c moment resisting RC frame building with brick infill
walls Where h = height of building d = base dimension of building at plinth level in m
Fundamental natural period of along the considered direction of lateral forces.
27. building
28. Zone factor Z as per Is-1893-2002 Part -1 for different. zone as per clause 6.4.2.

4.6.1 Analysis
Analysis was done assuming that the building is a concrete building. 2D analysis was done for two
cases:-
1. Frame along shorter direction 2. Frame along longer direction
Footing was idealized as fixed support. The load cases adopted are dead load and live load, wind load and the
seismic load .
Analysis was done for the load combinations givenbelow:
1.Dead load + live load
2.Dead load + live load + wind load (+ve) x – direction
3.Dead load + live load + wind load ( - ve) x –direction
4.Dead load + live load +earthquake load ( +ve)xdirection
5Dead load + live load +earthquake load(- ve)xdirection.

Fig.2 Bending moment diagram of intermediate Fig.3 B M D for Beam

frame in Shorter direction

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V. Design Of Elements (Composite)

5.1 DESIGN OF SLAB: BS:5950 :Part 4
Effective Span = 3.0m Total Depth of the slab = 125 mm
Live load = 4kN/m2 Grade of concrete = M25
Density of concrete (dry) = 24 kN/ m2
Density of concrete (wet) = 25 kN/ m2 ts = 125 mm fyp = 345 N/mm2

Fig 5. C/S Profile Decking

Fig.4 B M D for Column

5.2 Design Of Beams BS: 5950 Part III Secondary beams : ISMB 350 Spacing :-3.00m
SHORTER DIRECTION : STAAD PRO Analysis Maximum positive B.M Mu(+ve)= 1617.087 KNm Maximum
negative B.M Mu(-ve)= 980.359 kN.m Maximum S.F Vu= 547.085 kN
.Beam 2: This beam is for the third, fourth and fifth floor.ISMB 450 @ 0.724 KN/m Maximum BM (Mu(+ve) ) =
1449.789 KN m Maximum B M (Mu(-ve) ) = 821.236 KN m Maximum S F = 507.435 KN
LONGER DIRECTION
Beam 3This beam is used for the first and the second floor. ISMB 400@ 0.442 KN/m
Maximum Bending Moment(Mu(+ve)) = 426.541 KN m Maximum Bending Moment (Mu(-ve) ) = 418.718 KN
m Maximum Shear Force = 192.198 KN
Beam 4This beam is used for the third, fourth and fifth floor.ISMB 250 @ 0.373 KN/m
Maximum B M (Mu(+ve) ) = 255.141 KN m Maximum BM(Mu(-ve) ) = 248.131KN m
Maximum Shear Force = 111.594 KN

5.3design of Column
Design Axial Load, Fx = 6201.959 kN.m.
Design BM about x-x axis, Mux = 1359.377 kN.m. Design BM about y-y axis, Muy = 416.74 kN.m.
Column dimension=600x600x3600 Concrete grade=M25
Steel Section = ISHB 450 with plates of thickness 25mm on both the flanges Reinforcement 4 -
25mm dia.Bars.
OTHER COLUMNS
Column 2: The third ,fourth and fifth floor.ISHB [email protected]/m with 25mm plates both the
flanges.Both the plates are of 320mm width Mux = 787.405 KN m Muy = 292.717 KN m Fx =
2618.69KN

5.4design Of Foundation: square footing.The safe BC of the soil is assumed 250 kN / m2Side of
the footing L = 4.2 m Provide 6-20 mm dia .both direction bars.

VI. Design Of Elements (R.C..C.)

6.1 Design Of Beams :SP – 16 BEAM 1-LONGER SPAN
Maximum positive B.M Mu(+ve)= 1617.087 kN.m Maximum negative B.M Mu(-ve)= 980.359 kN.m
Maximum S.F Vu= 547.085 kN.
Beam :300 x 900 Considering 60% of steel, Providing reinforcement of 8mm dia. @200mmc/c
BEAM 2 –SHORTER SPAN
Maximum positive B.M Mu(+ve)= 426.541 kN.m Maximum negative B.M Mu(-ve)= 418.718 kN.m
Maximum S.F ,Vu= 192.198 kN
Beam :250 x 600 Considering 60% of steel, Providing reinforcement of 8mm dia. @200mmc/c

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6.2 Design of Column SP-16

Design Axial Load, Fx = 6201.959 kN.m.
Design BM about x-x axis, Mux = 1359.377 kN.m. Design BM about y-y axis Muy = 416.74 kN.m.
Considering a section of 500 x 900 mmUsing 4% of reinforcement, Therefore p = 5.5%
5.5 −9
Weight 100 500 =173.74kg ≈ 200kg Volume of concrete = 0.9
0.5 3.66 =1.647m3

6.3design Of Formwork
Short beam m2 / m
19.194sq.m
Long beam Formwork required m2 / m =6.525sq.m
Column Formwork required m2 / m

VII. Comparision Of Composite Steel-Cocrete Structure And Rcc Structure:-

VIII. Result And Discussion:

As per the table shown the above cost comparison of steel-concrete composite structure and concrete building.
We found that the cost of the composite structure is more costly than the concrete building.
Table 1 shown the slab material quantity run per meterThan amount of the both composite and concrete slab
Table 2 consist the beam of the shorter span and amount of the composite and concrete building.
Table 3consists the beam of the longer span and the amount of the composite and concrete building.
Table 4 shown the column quantity and the amount of The composite and concrete building.

IX. Conclusion
The cost comparison reveals hat Steel-Concrete composite design structure is more costly, reduction in
direct costs of steel-composite structure resulting from speedy erection will make Steel-concrete Composite
structure economically viable. Further, under earthquake considerations because of the inherent ductility
characteristics, Steel-Concrete structure will perform better than a conventional R.C.C. structure.

Acknowledgement
This paper too could not be completed without the help and support of many special persons (HOD& staff
member of CED,UEC).

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References:
[1] Dari J.Oehlers and Mark A.Bradford, (1999), ‘Elementary Behaviour of Composite Steel and Concrete Structural Members’,
Butterworth and Heinmann.
[2] Handbook on Composite Construction-Multi-Storey Buildings-Part-3,(2002),Institute for Steel Development and Growth
(INSDAG).
[3] Handbook on Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake )for Buildings and Structures ( IS : 875(Part 1) –
1987),Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 1989.
[4] Handbook on Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake )for Buildings and Structures ( IS : 875(Part 2) –
1987),Bureau of Indian Standards , New Delhi ,1989.
[5] Handbook on Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake )for Buildings and Structures ( IS : 875(Part 3) –
1987),Bureau of Indian Standards , New Delhi, 1989.
[6] Handbook on Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures ( IS : 1893(Part 1) – 2002 ),Bureau of Indian Standards , New
Delhi, 1989...
[7] Design Aids (for Reinforced Concrete) to IS 456 :1978 ,Special Publication SP : 16,Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi,1980
[8] BS 5950(Part 3),Design of Simple and Continuous Beams, British Standards Institution, London
[9] Euro code 4: Design of Composite steel and Concrete Structures, British Standards Institution, London, 1994

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