Pharmacology Course Content I ST Year: Basic Concepts

PHARMACOLOGY COURSE CONTENT
I st year
BASIC CONCEPTS
Introduction to General Pharmacology: 2hrs
Define terms: Pharmacology, drug, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacotherapeutics, chemotherapy,
clinical pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacy, pharmacognosy, pharmacopoiea.
Drug nomenclature: Chemical, proprietary and non-proprietary (US approved, British approved and International non
proprietary).
Sources and Routes of Drug Administration: 1hr

Sources of drugs: synthetic, plant, animal.
Routes of drug administration, its advantages and limitations: Enteral: (Oral and sub-lingual), parenteral
(intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous) and others (Inhalation, intrathecal, topical, transdermal and rectal)
Pharmacokinetics: 5hrs
Absorption
Factors affecting drug absorption
Bioavailability
Therapeutic half-life and Steady-state plasma concentration
Distribution of drugs: concept of apparent volume of distribution,
Plasma protein binding of drugs
Biotransformation (Metabolism): definition, types of reactions
Excretion: routes of drug excretion
Therapeutic drug monitoring: clinical importance
Pharmacodynamics: 4hrs
Principles of drug-receptor interactions, Dose-response relationship,Potency and Efficacy, ED50 and LD50,
therapeutic index, Combined effects of drugs- Synergism and antagonism (different types of antagonism), factors
affecting the drug response, drug tolerance, drug dependence and addiction and their clinical importance.
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs): 2hrs

Adverse drug reactions – definition; types (side effect, untoward effect and toxic effect)
Definition of Teratogenicity, Carcinogenecity, Mutagenecity
Essential Drug Concepts: 1hr

Essential drug concept: model list preparation
Autonomic Nervous System

Cholinergic Receptor Agonists: 3hrs
Types of cholinergic receptor
Classification of cholinergic receptor agonist
Mechanism of action, indications, adverse effects of Prototype - Acteylcholine
Mechanism of action, indications, adverse effects of anti-choliesterase (Neostigmine/Physotigmine)
Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists:2hrs

Classification of muscarinic receptor antagonist
Mechanism of action, indications, adverse effects of atropine –Prototype
Adrenergic Receptor Agonists: 2hrs

Types of adrenergic receptors
Classification of adrenergic receptor agonist
Mechanism of action, indications, adverse effects of epinephrine
Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists:3hrs

Classification of adrenergic receptor antagonist
Mechanism of action, indications, adverse effects of Prazosin and Propranolol
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM ( 11 HOURS + 3HRS)

NSAIDs: 4hrs
Classification of Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the basis of their mechanism of action: non-
selective COX inhibitor, preferential COX-2 inhibitor, selective COX-2 inhibitor and analgesic-antipyretic with poor
anti-inflammatory action
Mechanism of action, indications, adverse effects of Aspirin, Paracetamol and celecoxib.
Gout: 1hr
Classification of drugs used in Gout.
Mechanism of action and adverse effects of allopurinol and colchicine.
Rheumatoid arthritis: 1hr

Classification of drugs used in Rheumatoid arthritis.
Skeletal muscle relaxant: 4hrs

Classification of Skeletal muscle relaxant and its uses
Explain therapeutic use, adverse effects of skeletal muscle relaxants.
Anti-leprotic drugs: 1hr

List of drugs used in leprosy
Drug regimen for leprosy
HAEMOPOIETIC SYSTEM AND RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM(6 hours +1

Haemostatics: 1hr
Commonly used drugs (Vitamin K) and their uses
Therapy of Thromboembolic Disorders: 2hrs

Classification of drugs used in thromboembolic disorders.
Mechanism of action, indications, adverse effects of prototype drugs belonging to:
Thrombolytics: Streptokinase
Anticoagulants: - Heparin and Warfarin
Antiplatelet agents: - Aspirin
Therapy of nutritional Deficiency Anaemia: 1hr

Therapy of Iron deficiency anemia: List of iron Preparations, indications for oral and parenteral iron therapy with their
adverse effects
Therapy of Parasitic Infections: 1hr

Malaria: -
Classification of drugs according to parasitic stage:
Blood Schizonticides: chloroquine, mefloquine, quinine, artesunate
Tissue Schizonticide: Primaquine
Gametocides: primaquine and artesunate
Adverse effects of chloroquine
Anti-cancer Drugs: 1hr

List of Drugs used in cancer
Common adverse effects
ANTIMICROBIALS (6 hours + 1 hr)
Antimicrobials: 4hrs
Classification, mechanism of action, adverse effects and therapeutic uses of:

➢ Cell wall synthesis inhibitors: Penicillin, Cephalosporin
➢ Protein synthesis inhibitors: Aminoglycosides (Streptomycin, Gentamicin), Tetracycline (Tetracycline,
Doxycycline), Macrolides (Erythromycin, Azithromycin), Chloramphenicol
➢ Folic synthesis inhibitors: Sulphonamide and Cotrimoxazole
Antiviral drugs: 1hr

Classification of antiviral drugs.
List of anti-retroviral drugs
Indication and adverse effects of Acyclovir and Zidovudine
Antifungal drugs: 1hr

Classification of antifungal drugs
Uses and adverse effect of Amphotericin B and clotrimazole
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ( 7hours +2 hrs)
Therapy of Bronchial Asthma: 3hrs

Classification of drugs used in bronchial asthma
Mechanism of action and adverse effects of Salbutamol, Ipratropium bromide, Theophylline
Anti-histamine: 1hr
Classification of anti-histamine
Uses and adverse effects of Chlorpheniramine (prototype) and Cetrizine
Therapy of Cough: 1hr
Classification of drugs used in cough.
Therapy of Tuberculosis: 2hrs
Classification
Regimens for short course chemotherapy, DOTS
Adverse effects of Isoniazide, Rifampicin, Pyrizinamide, Ethambutol, and Streptomycin
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (6 hours +2hrs)
Therapy of Hypertension 2hrs

Classification of antihypertensive drugs with examples.
Mechanism of action, indications, adverse effects of Enalapril and Amlodipine
Antianginal drugs: 1hr

Classification of anti-anginal drugs
Mechanism of action and adverse effects of nitrates
Therapy of Congestive heart failure: 1hr
Classification of drugs used in the treatment of congestive heart failure

Mechanism of action and adverse effects of Digoxin
Therapy of Arrhythmia: 1hr
Classification of Anti-arrythmic Drugs
Therapy of Hyperlipoproteinaemias: 1hr
Classification of Anti-hyperlipidemic Drugs.

Mechanism of action and adverse effects of statins
II year
GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM (5 hours +1hr)
Therapy of Peptic Ulcer: 2hrs
Classification of drugs used in peptic ulcer
Mechanism of action, Indications and adverse effects of Ranitidine and Omeprazole.
Therapy of Vomiting/Anti-Emetics: 1hr

Classification of drugs used to suppress or prevent vomiting
Uses of Ondansetron
Therapy of Diarrhoea Constipation : 1hr

List of drugs used in diarrhoea
Composition of Oral rehydration salt solution
List of drugs used in constipation
Anthelminthics and antiprotozoals: 1hr

Classification of anthelminthics.
Classification of antiprotozoal drugs
RENAL AND ELECTROLYTE SYSTEM ( 4+1 hours)

Diuretics: 3hrs
Classification of Diuretics
Mechanism of action, indications and adverse effects of Furosemide, Hydrochlorothiazide and Spironolactone
Antidiuretics ??????????????????????
Urinary Tract Infection:1hr

List of urinary antiseptics and analgesics.
ENDOCRINE AND METABOLISM SYSTEM (11 +2 hours)

Thyroid and Anti-thyroid Drugs: 2hrs
Classification of anti-thyroid drugs
Indications and adverse effects of Propylthiouracil
List of drugs used in the treatment of hypothyroidism
Adrenocorticosteroids and Synthetic Analogues: 3hrs

List of adrenocorticosteroid and synthetic analogues.
Mechanism of action, indication, adverse effects and contraindications of glucocorticoids
Pharmacology of Endocrine Pancreas: 3hrs

Classification of hypoglycemic agents including insulin preparations
Mechanism of action, indication and adverse effects of insulin, Sulphonylurea and Biguanides
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ( 4 +1 hours)
Hormonal contraceptives: 2 hrs

Type of hormonal contraceptives
Mechanism of action, adverse effects and contraindications of oral contraceptive pills
Anabolic steroids :1hr
Medication during pregnancy and lactation: 1 hr
Common teratogenic drugs and its categories
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ( 15 + 2 hours)
Sedatives and hypnotics: 3hrs
Classification of sedative and hypnotics
Mechanism of action, indications and adverse effects of benzodiazepine; Diazepam (prototype) and barbiturates:
Phenobarbitone (prototype)
Drugs used in anxiety
General Anaesthetics: 1hr

Classification of general anaesthetic drugs.
List of pre-anesthetic drugs and their clinical importance.
Local Anaesthetics: 2hrs

Classification of local anesthetic drugs
Mechanism of action, indications and adverse effects of lignocaine
Therapy of Epilepsies: 1hr

Classification of anti-seizure drugs
Mechanism of action , Indications and adverse effects of Phenytoin and Sodium valporate
Therapy of Parkinsonism: 1hr

Classification of drugs used in Parkinsonism.
Adverse effects of L-Dopa
Clinical significance of combining L-Dopa and Carbidopa
Opioid Analgesics and Antagonists: 6hrs

Classification of opioid analgesics
Mechanism of action, indications, adverse effects and contraindications of morphine (prototype)
List of partial opioid analgesics with their uses.
List of opioid antagonists and their uses.
Antidepressant drugs: 1hr

Classification of anti-depressant drugs
Mechanism of action and adverse effects of amitryptyline and fluoxetine

Pharmacology Course Content I ST Year: Basic Concepts

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Pharmacology Course Content I ST Year: Basic Concepts

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PHARMACOLOGY COURSE CONTENT

Sources and Routes of Drug Administration: 1hr

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs): 2hrs

Essential Drug Concepts: 1hr

Autonomic Nervous System

Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists:2hrs

Adrenergic Receptor Agonists: 2hrs

Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists:3hrs

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM ( 11 HOURS + 3HRS)

Rheumatoid arthritis: 1hr

Skeletal muscle relaxant: 4hrs

Anti-leprotic drugs: 1hr

HAEMOPOIETIC SYSTEM AND RETICULOENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM(6 hours +1

Therapy of Thromboembolic Disorders: 2hrs

Therapy of nutritional Deficiency Anaemia: 1hr

Therapy of Parasitic Infections: 1hr

Anti-cancer Drugs: 1hr

Classification, mechanism of action, adverse effects and therapeutic uses of:

Antiviral drugs: 1hr

Antifungal drugs: 1hr

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ( 7hours +2 hrs)

Therapy of Bronchial Asthma: 3hrs

Therapy of Cough: 1hr

Classification of drugs used in cough.

Therapy of Tuberculosis: 2hrs

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (6 hours +2hrs)

Therapy of Hypertension 2hrs

Antianginal drugs: 1hr

Therapy of Congestive heart failure: 1hr

Classification of drugs used in the treatment of congestive heart failure

Classification of Anti-arrythmic Drugs

Therapy of Hyperlipoproteinaemias: 1hr

Classification of Anti-hyperlipidemic Drugs.

Therapy of Vomiting/Anti-Emetics: 1hr

Therapy of Diarrhoea Constipation : 1hr

Anthelminthics and antiprotozoals: 1hr

RENAL AND ELECTROLYTE SYSTEM ( 4+1 hours)

Urinary Tract Infection:1hr

ENDOCRINE AND METABOLISM SYSTEM (11 +2 hours)

Adrenocorticosteroids and Synthetic Analogues: 3hrs

Pharmacology of Endocrine Pancreas: 3hrs

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM ( 4 +1 hours)

Hormonal contraceptives: 2 hrs

General Anaesthetics: 1hr

Local Anaesthetics: 2hrs

Therapy of Epilepsies: 1hr

Therapy of Parkinsonism: 1hr

Opioid Analgesics and Antagonists: 6hrs

Antidepressant drugs: 1hr

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