2-Data Gathering and Presentation
2-Data Gathering and Presentation
2-Data Gathering and Presentation
Module 2
Data Gathering and Presentation
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In this process, the researcher has a direct contact with the respondent.
The researcher can get more accurate answers or responses since
clarifications can be made. This method is time consuming since you
need a one-on-one correspondence. This includes in-home, mail-
intercept, in-office, telephone and in-depth interview.
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This is usually used to find out the cause and effect relationship
existing in a study. One of the experimental studies in business is the
test marketing. This is an experiment conducted in a field comprising
of actual stores and real-life buying situations, without the buyers
knowing they are participating in an evaluation exercise. It simulates
the eventual market-mix to ascertain consumer reaction. Depending on
the quality and quantity of sales data required for the final decision,
test marketing may last from few weeks to several months.
N
n=
1+Ne2
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Solution
1,500
n = 1+(1,500)(0.05)2
1,500
= 4.75
= 316
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1 11 21 31
2 12 22 32
3 13 23 33
4 14 24 34
5 15 25 35
6 16 26 36
7 17 27 37
8 18 28 38
9 19 29 39
10 20 30 40
However, if your list is unnumbered, you will really need to count one
by one.
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Cluster Sampling- this can be used when the population is large. This
is a type of sampling wherein clusters or groups are randomly chosen
instead of individuals. Selection of the individual samples is then
taken randomly from the groups that were chosen. This is sometimes
termed as area sampling. Here’s an example to illustrate this sampling
technique. A researcher wants to determine the average income of
families in a certain municipality having 100 barangays. We may
draw a random sample of 20 barangays using simple random
sampling, and then a certain number of families from each barangay
may be chosen.
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Snow-ball Sampling – this is used when the researcher does not have
the data regarding the population. This involves asking subjects to
provide names of others who may meet the study criteria.
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In the textual form, the presentation is in narrative form. The data are
already organized inside a paragraph. This data presentation does not
attract the interest of mostly all who sees. But the advantage of this
type of presentation is that it can give a more comprehensive approach
because of its further explanations.
This method makes use of columns and rows. The most important
advantage of tabulation is that it organizes data for further statistical
treatment and decision making. Tabulation can be classified into four
kinds namely the qualitative, quantitative, temporal and spatial.
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Line Graph – this is used to display data that changes over time. In
this graph, data are presented by points and are joined by line
segments. Generally, the horizontal axis is labelled as the time
component while the vertical axis is used to show the changes other
quantity.
5,000,000.00
4,000,000.00
3,000,000.00
2,000,000.00
1,000,000.00
0.00
A B C D E
COMPANIES
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Marketable
Securities
21%
Treasury Bills
16%
Map Graph- a map is drawn and divided into desired regions. Each
region may be distinguished from other regions by shading with
different colors or other symbols.
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= 1,000 books
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
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Glossary
Graphical method - a visual display of data and statistical results
References
Acelajado, M.J., Belecina, R.R. and Blay, B.E. (1999). Mathematics
for the new millennium. Makati City: Diwa Learning Systems Inc.
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