CH 1
CH 1
CH 1
Introduction to
Information Systems
& Databases
TBS/2016-2017
Contents
2
Part 1
BASIC CONCEPTS 3
System’s Definition (1/2)
• System: a collection of components dynamically
interacting to achieve a common goal evolving within an
environment.
4
System’s Definition (2/2)
• System:
• Can be pictured as a black box
• Composed of sub-systems interacting together
• Each sub-system is a system in itself
• After successive refining white box
5
Information System’s Definition
• Examples:
• Data:51007, azt1ki256,…. 8
• Information:
• 5/10/90: Date of birth of a student
• 51.007D: price of an item
Data storage & database (1/4)
• Data storage
• Broad definition: It refers to anything with data recorded on it
• Examples: a hardback volume of an encyclopedia, an audio-
cassette of songs, a piece of paper with random words
written on it, etc.
9
Data storage & database (2/4)
• Database (DB) : an organized collection of data modeling
aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring
information.
Examples :
- Hotel DB for managing the availability of rooms in hotels in a way that
supports finding a hotel with vacancies.
- airline DB
- Yellow Pages telephone
17
Qualities of Information (1/2)
1. Accuracy :How accurate is the information or how much
error does it contain? We do not always require perfect
accuracy.
2. Reliability: How dependable is the information? It is related
to how the information was obtained: the quality of the
source of the information.
3. Completeness: Does it contain all the important facts?
4. Verifiability: Can the correctness of the information be
checked? Is it possible to obtain another estimate for 18
instance by using another source or another method
Qualities of Information (2/2)
5. Relevance: How pertinent is the information to the question
or decision?
21
SDLC
In general, an SDLC methodology follows the following steps 5
4
3
2
1
22
Step 1: Requirements Analysis
24
Step 3: System Development
25
Step 4: System Integration and test
• Demonstrates that developed systems conforms to users
requirements as specified in the functional requirements.
• Users of the system must be trained in its use, and all
aspects of performance must be tested. If necessary,
adjustments must be made at this stage.
• Two main objectives of the documentation
• Present a technical reference to facilitate ongoing
maintenance and development of the software itself.
• Provide user documentation, i.e. a set of instructions
that inform the user about the features of the software
and how to use them. 26
Step 5: Operating and maintaining the
system
27
Example of misconception: The tree swing comic
28