Find The N Differential Co-Efficient of The Following: MAT-101 Engineering Mathematics 1 Differential Calculus Notes 3
Find The N Differential Co-Efficient of The Following: MAT-101 Engineering Mathematics 1 Differential Calculus Notes 3
Find The N Differential Co-Efficient of The Following: MAT-101 Engineering Mathematics 1 Differential Calculus Notes 3
Differential Calculus
Notes 3
1 1
n 1 n 1
(n 1)!(1) n (n 1)!(3) n
yn D log x D log(1 3x)
n n
xn (1 3x) n
1 (3) n
1 (n 1)! n
n 1
x (1 3x) n
(ii) Find the nth differential co-efficient of
x 1
x( x 2)
x 1
y
x( x 2) x 1 A B
1 3 let x( x 2) x x 2
2 x 2( x 2) A( x 2) Bx
1 3 x( x 2)
yn D n D n
x 1 A( x 2) Bx (1)
2x 2( x 2)
1 n 1 3 n 1 put x 0 in(1),
D D 1
2 x 2 ( x 2) 1 2 A A
2
1 1 n !(1) 3 1 n !(1)
n n
put x 2 in(1),
n n
2 x n 1 2 x 2 n 1 3 2 B B 3
2
1 1 3
1 n ! n1
n
x 1 1
n 1
3
2 x x 2 x( x 2) 2 x 2( x 2)
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(iv) cos2(x)
1 cos(2 x)
y cos 2 ( x)
2
1 cos(2 x) 1 n
D 1 cos(2 x) D n 1 D n cos(2 x)
1
yn D n
2 2 2
1
0 2 cos 2 x n 2 cos 2 x n
n 1
n
2 2 2
(v) sin3(x)
3sin( x) sin(3 x)
y = sin 3 x
4
3sin( x) sin(3 x) 1 n
yn D n D 3sin( x) D n sin(3 x)
4 4
3D n sin( x) D n sin(3 x)
1
4
1
3 sin x n 3n sin 3 x n
4 2 2
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y e 3x Sin 5x cos 2x
sin(7 x) +sin 3 x Sin( A B ) Sin( A B )
e 3x SinA CosB
2 2
1
e 3x sin(7 x) +e 3x sin 3 x
2
yn
1
2
D n e 3x sin(7 x) +D n e 3x sin 3 x
1 n
7 n
3
32 7 2 2 e 3x sin 7 x n tan 1 32 32 2 e 3x sin 3 x n tan 1
2 3 3
1 1
2. Show that D n 2 2
(1) n n 2 n !sin ( n 1) sin n 1 ( )
x a a
1
x a2
2
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1 n !
n
1 1
2iar n 1 cos i sin n 1 cos i sin n 1
1
n
cos i sin
n!
cos i sin
( n 1) ( n 1)
n 1
2iar
1
n
n!
2iar n 1
cos((n 1) ) i sin((n 1) ) cos((n 1) ) i sin((n 1) )
cos i sin
n
cos n i sin n
1
n
If D n 1
3. 2
(1) n n !sin ( n 1) sin n 1 ( ) , find the nth derivatives of
1 x
2x
(i) tan 1 2
1 x
2x
y tan 1
1 x
2
(ie) y 2 tan 1 ( x)
1
y1 2
1 x2
yn D n 1 y1
1 n 1 1 n 1 1
D n 1 2 2D 2D 2 2
1 x 1 x 1 x
2 2
1
n 1
(n 1)!
2 n 1
sin n sin n refer the previous problem
1
1 x
(ii) tan 1
1 x
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1 x
y tan 1
1 x
put x tan , tan 1 x
1 tan
y tan 1
1 tan
tan 4 tan
tan 1 tan 4 1
1 tan 4 tan
tan A tan B
tan 1 tan tan A B
4 1 tan A tan B
4
tan 1 x
4
1
y1
1 x2
yn D n 1 y1
1 n 1 1
D n 1 D 2 2
1 x 1 x
2
1 (n 1)! n
n 1
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Leibnitz’s Theorem for the nth derivative of the product of two functions.
If U and V are two functions of x possessing the nth order derivatives, then,
D n UV U n V n C1U n 1V1 n C2U n 2V2 n C3U n 3V3 n CrU n rVr U Vn
Proof:
(This Theorem may be proved by Mathematical Induction Method)
D UV U1V UV1 by product rule
U1V 1 C1UV1 1
C1 1
D 2 UV D U1V UV1 D U1V D UV1
U 2V U1V1 U1V1 UV2
U 2V 2U1V1 UV2 U 2V 2 C1U1V1 UV2 2
C1 2
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Hence if the theorem is true for n= m, it is true for the next higher integer
n=m+1
We have already proved the theorem is true for n=2
Therefore the theorem is true for the next higher integer 2+1=3, and for
3+1=4, and so on for every positive integer.
nth Derivatives-2
(1) Find the nth derivatives of the following:
(i) x3e3x
y x 3e3x
yn D n e3x x 3 Take u e and v x
3x 3
(ii) 3x2sin(2x+3)
y=3x 2 sin 2x 3
yn 3D n x 2 sin 2x 3 take u sin 2x 3 and v x 2
2)
n!
If y = xnlog(x), prove that yn 1
x
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y x n log x
Differentiating w.r .t x,
1
y1 x n log x n x n-1
x
x n nlog x x n
x
xy1 x nlog x x n
n
x n ny (1) x n log x y
D n xy1 D n x n ny
D n y1 x nC1 D n 1 y1 1 D n x n D n ny
y1 n x ny1 n 1 n ! n yn Dn xn n!
xyn 1 nyn n ! n yn
xyn 1 n !
n!
yn 1
x
3) If y = a cos(log x) + b sin(log x), prove that, x2yn+2 + (2n+1)xyn+1+(n2+1)yn=0
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y a cos log x b sin(log x)
Differentiating w.r .t . x,
1 1
y1 a sin(log x ) b cos(log x )
x x
a sin(log x ) b cos(log x )
x
xy1 a sin(log x ) b cos(log x ) (i )
Differentiating (i )w.r .t . x,
1 1
x y2 y1 a cos(log x) b sin(log x)
x x
a cos(log x) b sin(log x)
x
x x y2 y1 a cos(log x ) b sin(log x)
y
x y2 xy1 y 0
2
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1
y e a sin x
Differentiating w.r.t. x,
1 1
y1 e a sin x
a
1 x2
1
y1 1 x 2 ae a sin x
a y
Squaring on both sides,
y12 1 x 2 a 2 y 2
Differentiating again w.r.t. x
y12 2 x 1 x 2 2 y1 y2 a 2 2 yy1
2 y1 1 x 2 y2 xy1 2 a 2 y y 1
y2 (1 x 2 ) xy1 a 2 y
Finding the nth derivatives ,
D n y2 (1 x 2 ) xy1 D n a 2 y
D n y2 (1 x 2 ) D n xy1 D n a 2 y
D n y2 (1 x 2 ) nC1 D n 1 y2 2 x nC2 D n 2 y2 2 D n y1 x nC1 D n 1 y1 a 2 D n y
n(n 1)
yn 2 (1 x 2 ) 2nxyn 1 yn 2 yn 1 x nyn a 2 yn
1.2
1 x 2 yn 2 2n 1 xyn 1 n(n 1) n a 2 yn 0
1 x 2 yn 2 2n 1 xyn 1 n 2 n n a 2 yn 0
1 x 2 yn 2 2n 1 xyn 1 n 2 a 2 yn 0
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y sin m sin 1 x ,
Differentiating w.r.t . x
y1 cos m sin 1 x m
1
1 x2
1 x 2 y1 m cos m sin 1 x
Differentiating agin w.r .t . x
2 x m 2 sin m sin 1 x
1 1
1 x 2 y2 y1
2 1 x2 1 x2
xy1 m 2 sin m sin 1 x
1 x y2 2
1 x2 1 x2
1 x y
2
2 xy1
m 2 sin m sin 1 x
1 x2 1 x2
1 x 2 y2 xy1 m 2 sin m sin 1 x
m2 y
1 x y
2
2 xy1 m 2 y
Finding the nth derivative,
D n 1 x 2 y2 xy1 m 2 D n y
D n 1 x 2 y2 D n xy1 m 2 D n y
1 x 2 yn 2 2n 1 x yn 1 n(n 1) n m 2 yn 0
1 x 2 yn 2 2n 1 x yn 1 n 2 n n m 2 yn 0
1 x 2 yn 2 2n 1 x yn 1 n 2 m 2 yn 0
1 x 2 yn 2 2n 1 x yn 1 n 2 m 2 yn
2
(6) If y log x 1 x 2 , show that (1+x2)yn+2 + (2n+1) xyn+1 + n2yn =0
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2
y log x 1 x 2
Differentiating w.r .t . x,
y1 2 log x 1 x 2 1
1
1
x x2 1 2 x2 1
2 x
x2 1 x
2 log x 1 x 2 1
x x 2 1
x 2 1
2 log x 1 x 2 x 1 1
2
x 1 y 2 log x 1 x
2
1
2
2
4y y log x 1 x 2
Differentiating w.r .t . x
x 2
1 2 y1 y2 y12 2 x 4 y1
2 y1 x 2 1 y2 y1 x 4 y1
x 2 1 y2 xy1 2
Finding the nth derivative,
D n x 2 1 y2 xy1 0
D n x 2 1 y2 D n xy1 0
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