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Coding Interview Python Language Essentials

The document provides an overview of 12 essential Python language concepts for coding interviews: 1. Hash maps for storing key-value pairs using dictionaries 2. Queues for first-in first-out data structure using the queue module 3. Stacks for last-in first-out data structure using lists and a custom class It then covers exceptions, strings, casting, arithmetic, 2D arrays, sorting, switch statements, array enumeration, and bit manipulation.

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Saurav Singh
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82 views5 pages

Coding Interview Python Language Essentials

The document provides an overview of 12 essential Python language concepts for coding interviews: 1. Hash maps for storing key-value pairs using dictionaries 2. Queues for first-in first-out data structure using the queue module 3. Stacks for last-in first-out data structure using lists and a custom class It then covers exceptions, strings, casting, arithmetic, 2D arrays, sorting, switch statements, array enumeration, and bit manipulation.

Uploaded by

Saurav Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
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Coding Interview Python Language Essentials.

md 9/24/2020

Coding Interview Python Language Essentials

1. Hash - backed maps

#Define Dictionary
thisdict = {
'bob': 7387,
'alice': 3719,
'jack': 7052,
}

#Get value by key


x = thisdict["bob"]

#Set value by key


thisdict["alice"] = 2456

#Print all keys


for x in thisdict:
print(x)

#Print all values


for x in thisdict:
print(thisdict[x])

2. Queue

from queue import Queue

# Initializing a queue
q = Queue(maxsize = 3)

# qsize() give the maxsize of the Queue


q.qsize()

# Adding of element to queue


q.put('a')

# Return Boolean for Full Queue


q.full()

# Removing element from queue


q.get()

# Return Boolean for Empty Queue


q.empty()

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Coding Interview Python Language Essentials.md 9/24/2020

3. Stack

# Approach 1
stack = [3, 4, 5]
stack.append(6) # [3 ,4, 5, 6]
stack.pop() # [3 , 4, 5]

# Approach 2
class Stack:
def __init__(self):
self.stack = []

# check if empty
def isEmpty(self):
return len(self.stack) == 0

def push(self,p):
self.stack.append(p)

def pop(self):
return self.stack.pop()

4. Exceptions

try:
fh = open("testfile", "r")
fh.write("This is my test file for exception handling!!")
except IOError:
print "Error: can\'t find file or read data"
#No exception run this code
else:
print "Written content in the file successfully"
finally:
print "Error: can\'t find file or read data"

# Raise an exception
x = 10
if x > 5:
raise Exception('x should not exceed 5. The value of x was: {}'.format(x))

#Assert an error
import sys
assert ('linux' in sys.platform), "This code runs on Linux only."

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Coding Interview Python Language Essentials.md 9/24/2020

5. String
Python strings are "immutable" which means they cannot be changed after they are created. Since
strings can't be changed, we construct new strings as we go to represent computed values. So for
example the expression ('hello' + 'there') takes in the 2 strings 'hello' and 'there' and builds a new
string 'hellothere'.

s = 'hi'
print s[1] ## i
print len(s) ## 2
print s + ' there' ## hi there

6. Casting

# string to int
int("12")

#int to string
str(number_to_convert)

7. Arithmetic

# Modulus
5 % 2 ## return 1

# Division
5 / 2 ## return 2.5

# Division round off


5 // 2 ## returns 2

# Round examples
round(51.6) ## return 52
round(51.5) ## return 52
round(51.4) ## return 51
round(2.665, 2) ## return 2.67
round(2.676, 2) ## return 2.68

# Floor and Ceil


import math

math.floor(300.16) ## return 300


math.floor(300.76) ## return 300

math.ceil(300.16) ## return 301


math.ceil(300.16) ## return 301

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Coding Interview Python Language Essentials.md 9/24/2020

8. 2-D Array

# Approach 1
matrix = []
for i in range(rows):
row = []
for j in range(cols):
row.append(0)
matrix.append(row)

# Approach 2
matrix = [[0 for i in range(5)] for j in range(5)]

9. Sorting

# Approach 1
sorted([5, 2, 3, 1, 4])

# Approach 2
a = [5, 2, 3, 1, 4]
a.sort()

10. Switch

def numbers_to_strings(argument):
switcher = {
0: "zero",
1: "one",
2: "two",
}

# get() method of dictionary data type returns


# value of passed argument if it is present
# in dictionary otherwise second argument will
# be assigned as default value of passed argument
return switcher.get(argument, "nothing")

# Driver program
if __name__ == "__main__":
argument=0
print numbers_to_strings(argument)

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11. Array Enumerate (with index)

# iterate over array


ints = ["a", "b", "c"]

for idx, val in enumerate(ints):


print(idx, val)

12. Bit Manipulation

a = 60
b = 13

# AND
c = a & b ## c = 12

# OR
c = a | b ## c = 61

# Binary XOR
c = a ^ b ## c = 49

# Binary ones complement / NOT


c = ~a ## c = -61

# Binary Left Shift


c = a << 2 ## c = 240

# Binary Right Shift


c = a >> 2 ## c = 15

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