Week 6, 7 & 8: Methods of Handling Supply Air

I. Introduction
This lesson deals with the topics involving space air conditioning such as cooling load air
quantities and the different methods of handling supply air to a conditioned room or space. In
the cooling-load air quantities, the sub-topics include the sensible heat load; latent heat load;
total hat load; and the sensible heat ratio.In the methods of handling supply air, the sub-topics
include the all outside air supply-no recirculated air; the outside air with recirculated air supply;
and the outside air and recirculated air with external by-pass air supply.

II. Objectives
After completion of the course the student should be able to:

1. Objective 1
2. Objective 2
3. Objective 3

III. Methods of Handling Supply Air (Topic)

Take note that lessons given in this 6 th, 7th and 8 th week are taken from book “Guidebook in Air
conditioning Analysis and Design” by Jose R. Francisco

A. COOLING-LOAD AIR QUANTITIES

 The complete air condition system may involve two or more of the processes . For instance, in
the air conditioning of room during summer, the air supplied must have a sufficiently low
temperature and humidity ratio to absorb the total heat gain of the space.
 As air flows through the space, it is heated and humidified. If the system is closed, the air is then
returned to the conditioning equipment where it is cooled and dehumidified to the space again.
If fresh air is required in the space, outdoor air may be mixed with the return air before it goes
to the cooling and dehumidifying equipment.
 The quantity of air circulated must be adequate to handle the cooling load as the air warms up
to room temperature from its supply temperature. The lower the supply temperature the less
quantity which must be recirculated, but the minimum temperature is determined by system
arrangements, the necessity of avoiding drafts and cold regions, the ceiling height and the throw
required.

1. Sensible Heat Load

 Sensible Heat Load is the heat load due to the change of temperature in the room.
Sensible Heat Load Equation,

q s=ms C p ( t r −t s )=1.0062 ms (t r−t s )

Where, qs = sensible heat load, kW

ms = mass flow rate of the supply air, kg/s

Cp = specific heat of air at constant pressure, kJ/kg-K

Cp = 1.0062 kJ/kg-K

tr = conditioned room temperature, °C

ts = temperature of supply air, °C

2. Latent Heat Load

 Latent Heat Load is the heat load of the conditioned room due to the change of humidity ratio.

q L =2501 m s ( W r−W s )

Where, qL = Latent heat load, kW

ms = mass flow rate of the supply air, kg/s

Wr = humidity ratio of inside air, kg v/kg d.a.

Ws = humidity ratio of supply air, kg v/kg d.a.

 3. Total Heat Load
 Total heat load is the sum of the sensible heat load and latent heat load of a conditioned room.

Total Heat Load Equation

qT = qs + qL = ms (hr – hs)

Where, qT = total heat load, kW

hr = enthalpy of room air, kJ/kg d.a.

hs = enthalpy of supply air, kJ/kg d.a.

ms = mass flow rate of supply air, kg/s

4. Sensible Heat Ratio, SHR

 Sensible heat ratio, SHR, is the ratio of the sensible heat load to the total heat load.

qs qs 1.0062(t r−t s )
SHR= = =
qT q s +q L hr −hs
 Example # 19 A theater is to be maintained at 25°C DB and 50% RH. The supply air enters the
theater at 17°C . The sensible and latent heat loads are 150 kW and 61 kW, respectively.
Determine a) the WB, RH and volume flow rate of the supply air. b) if p t = 100 kPaa,
determine the WB, RH, and volume flow rate of supply air.

Given: A conditioned theater

Required:

a) The WBS, RHS, and VS

b) The WBS, RHS, and VS if Pt = 100 kPaa

Solution:

a) For the values of WBs , RHs , and Vs

Solving for ms, qs = 1.0062 ms (tr – ts)

qs 150
ms = = =18.63 kg /s
1.0062(t r−t s ) 1.0062(25−17)

solving for Ws ,

q L =2501 m s ( W r−W s )

Where Wr = 0.0098 kg/kg d.a. ( from psychrometric chart at condition r

qL 61
W s=W r − =0.0098− =0.0085 kg /kg d . a .
2501m s 2501 ( 18.63 )

From the Carrier psychrometric chart, at 17°C DB and 0.0085 kg/kg d.a
WBs = 13.8°C, RHs = 70%, and Vs = 0.835 m3/kg d.a.

Solving for the volume rate of supply air,

Vs = ms vs = (18.63)(0.835) = 15.56 m3/s

b) For Pt = 100 kPaa

Considering point r,

Solving for pvr, at 25°C, pdr = 3.169 kPaa

pvr = RHr (pdr) = 0.5(3.169) = 1.5845 kPaa

Solving for Wr,

p vr 1.5845
W r =0.622 ( )
pt −p vr
=0.622 (
100−1.5845 )
=0.010 kg /kg d . a .

Solving for hr,

hr = 1.007tr – 0.026 + Wr (2501 + 1.84tr)

hr = 1.007(25) – 0.026 + 0.010[2501 + 1.84(25)] = 50.619 kJ/kg d.a.

Considering point s:

Solving for SHR,

qs 150
SHR= = =0.7109
qs + q L 150+ 61

Solving for hs,

1.0062 ( t r −t s ) 1.0062 ( 25−17 )

h s=h r− =50.619− =39.296 kJ /kg d . a .
SHR 0.7109

Solving for Ws,

hs −1.007 t r + 0.026 39.296−1.007 ( 17 ) +0.026

W s= = =0.0088 kg/kg d . a .
2501+1.84 t r 2501+1.84(17)

Solving for Pvs,

W s Pt 0.0088 ( 100 )
Pvs = = =1.395 kPaa
W s +0.622 0.0088+0.622
Solving for RHs, pds = 1.9376 (from steam table at 17°C)

pvs 1.395
RH s=
pds
( 100 % )=
1.9376 (
( 100 % )=71.99 % )
Solving for vs,

0.28708 T s 0.28708(17 +273)

v s= = =0.844 m3 /kg d .a .
p t− p vs 100−1.39995

Solving for Vs,

Vs = mvs = 18.63(0.844) = 15.72m3/s

Solving for WBs,

pvs = pWB −(6.66 . x10 −4

) pt (DBs −WB s)
s

1.395= p WB −(6.66 . x .10 −4

)(100)(17−WBs )
s

 Use trial and error, and interpolation to solve for WB s.

B. METHODS OF HANDLING SUPPLY AIR TO CONDITIONED ROOM

 One Hundred Percent Outdoor Supply Air, No Recirculation

 The use of one hundred percent outdoor air with no recirculation is un economical unless the
outside conditions are close to the inside conditions, particularly in temperature and humidity.
This method is usually used for conditioned spaces wherein processing of materials with
objectionable odor is being done. Thus use of recirculated air is impractical.

One Hundred Percent Outdoor Supply Air, No Recirculation

Note: CDA – Cooling and Dehumidifying Apparatus

Formula:

a. CDA Refrigerating Capacity, qCDA = m(h1 – h2)

b. Reheater Capacity, QRH = m(h3 – h2)

Where, qCDA = CDA capacity , TR, kW

qRH = reheater capacity, kW

m = mass flow rate of supply air, kg/s

h1 = enthalpy of outdoor air, kJ/kg d.a.

h2 = enthalpy of air leaving the CDA, kJ/kg d.a.

h3 = enthalpy of air leaving the reheater, kJ/kg d.a.

Example # 20 A chemical laboratory is maintained at 25°C DB and 50% RH. The sensible heat load is 21
kW and the latent heat load is 7 kW. Outside air is at 33°C DB and 24°CWB. All outside air is
supplied with reheater. The conditioned air enters the space at 18°C and assumed
saturated leaving the CDA. Determine a) the temperature of air leaving the CDA; b) the
refrigeration required; c) the capacity of the supply fan, in lps and d) the heat supplied in the
reheater, kW.

Given: An air conditioned chemical laboratory supplied with 100% outdoor supply air.
Required:

a) the t2
b) the qCDA
c) the Q3, lps
d) the qRH

Solution:

For the properties from Carrier psychrometric chart,

at point 1: 33°C DB and 24°C WB

h1 = 72.4 – 0.37 = 72.03 kJ/kg d.a.

W1 = 0.0153 kg v. / kg d.a.

at point 4: 25°CDB and 50% RH.

h4 = 50.5 – 0.23 = 50.27 kJ/kg d.a.

W4 = 0.0098 kg v./kg d.a.

Solving for the mass flow rate of the supply air,

qs 21
ms = = =2.98 kg/ s
1.0062(t 4 −t 3 ) 1.0062(25−18)

Solving for W3,

 qL 7
W 3 =W 4 − =0.0098− =0.0089 kg /kg d . a .
2501 m 2501 ( 2.98 )

For the properties at point 3,

From Carrier Psychrometric Chart, at 18°C DB and 0.0089 kg/kg d.a.

h3 = 40.7 – 0.058 = 40.64 kJ/kg d.a.

v3 = 0.834 m3/kg d.a.

Note: Checking for the value of h3, using formula

h3 = 1.007t3 – 0.026 + W3 (2501 + 1.84t3)

h3 = 1.007(18) – 0.026 + 0.0089 [2501 + 1.84(18)]

h3 = 40.65 kJ/kg d.a.

a) Solving for the temperature of air leaving the CDA

Using psychrometric chart, at W2 = W3 = 0.0089 kg/kg d.a. and RH2 = 100%

Then h2 = 34.8 kJ/kg d.a.

t2 = 12.3 °C → temperature leaving the CDA

Other Solution for t2 and h2 , using Formula,

Solving for pv2,

 W 2 Pt 0.0089 (101.325 )
P v 2= = =1.4294 kPaa
W 2 +0.622 0.0089+0.622

Solving for t2, t2 = tsat at pv2

from steam tables and using interpolation,

t2 = 12.26°C

Solving for the value of h2,

h2 = 1.007t2 – 0.026 + W2 (2501 + 1.84t2)

h2 = 1.007(12.26) – 0.026 + 0.0089 [2501 + 1.84(12.26)]

h2 = 40.65 kJ/kg d.a.

Another Solution for W2, t2 and h2, using SHR line and the Psychrometric Chart

Solving for the SHR.

qs 21
SHR= = =0.75
qs + q L 21+7

Using Carrier psychrometric chart,

t2 = 12.2°C
h2 = 34.8 kJ/kg d.a. W2 = W3 = 0.0088 kg/kgd.a.

b) For the refrigeration load of the CDA

qCDA = m(h1 – h2) = 2.98(72.03 – 34.78) = 111.005 kW

c) For the capacity of the supply fan

Q3 = mv3 = 2.98(0.834) = 2.49 m3/s = 2,485.32 lps

d) For the reheater capacity

qRH = m(h3 – h2) = 2.98 (40.642 – 34.2) = 19.2 kW

Note: Other solution for h3, using equation qT = m (h1 – h2)

h3 = h4 – qT / m = 50.27 – (28/2.98) = 40.87 kJ/kg d.a.

Example # 21 A certain laboratory space is to be maintained at 24°C DB and 50% RH and

experiencing a sensible heat load of 42 kW and a latent heat load of 18 kW. Because the latent heat load
is heavy, the system is equipped with reheater, to reheat the air leaving the cooling coil. The cooling coil
has been selected to provide outlet air at 9°C DB and 95% RH. Determine:

a. The temperature of supply air;

b. The volume flow rate of supply air
c. The refrigeration load; and
d. The capacity of the reheater

Given: Certain Air Conditioned laboratory space

Required:

a) The t3
b) The Q3
c) The qCDA
d) The qRH

Solution:

From Carrier psychrometric chart,

at point 1, 33°C DB and 24°C WB

h1 = 72.4 – 0.37 = 72.03 kJ/kg d.a.
W1 = 0.0153 kg/kg d.a.

at point 2, 9°C DB and 95% RH

h2 = 26.0 kJ/kg d.a.
W2 = 0.0068 kg/kg d.a.

at point 4, 24°C DB and 50% RH

h4 = 47.9 – 0.22 = 47.68 kJ/kg d.a.
W4 = 0.0093 kg/kg d.a.

Solving for the mass flow rate of supply air,

ql 18
m= = =2.88 kg /s
2501(W 4−W 3 ) 2501(0.0093−0.0068)
a) For the temperature of a supply air

qs 42
t 3=t 4− =24− =9.51℃
1.0062 m 1.0062 (2.88 )

other solution for t3

Solving for h3,

qT ( 42+18 )
h3 =h4 − =47.85− =27.02kJ /kg d . a .
m 2.88

Solving for t3,

h3 +0.026−2501W 3 27.02+0.026−2501(0.0068)
t 3= = =9.85 ℃
1.007+1.84 W 3 1.007 +1.84( 0.0068)

b) For the volume flow rate of supply air

From Carrier psychrometric chart, v2 = 0.809 m3/kg d.a.

Q3 = mv3 2.88(0.809) = 2.33 m3/s

c) For the refrigeration load

M (h 1−h2 ) 2.33(72.03−26.0)
q CDA = = =30.49TR
3.517 3.517

d) For the reheater capacity

qRH = m(h3 – h2) = 2.88(28.85 – 26.0) = 8.208kW

 Supply Air: Mixture of Outdoor Air and Recirculated Air

 Recirculating part of the air is more economical than using all outside air, as the
temperature of the recirculated air is usually more favorable than of the outside air. In
the ordinary conditioner, the air must be cooled to a relatively low temperature to
condense the surplus humidity, and when this temperature is too low for comfortable
delivery to the conditioned space, some reheating of the dehumidified air is necessary.
Formulas

CDA Capacity or Load:

qCDA = m2 (h2 – h3)

qCDA = mo (h1 – h3) + mr (h5 – h3)

qCDA = mo (h1 – h5) + qT - qrh

For the Reheater Load:

Where, mo = mass flow rate of outdoor air, kg/s

m2 = m3 = m4 = ms = mass flow rate of supply air to the conditioned room, kg/s

mr = mass flow rate of return air, kg/s

qCDA = refrigeration capacity or the CDA capacity, kW, TR

qRH = reheater capacity, kW

qT = qs + qL = air conditioning capacity, kW

ADP = Apparatus Dew-Point temperature, °C

Considerations:

a. When the air leaving the cooling coil is not saturated, it is necessary to determine the DB
temperature of coil in order calculate the required air quantity.

qs = 1.0062 ms (DBr – DBs) = 1.0062 m3 (DB4 – DB3)

qs
m s =m3 = eq . 1
1.0062 ( DB 4−DB 3 )

Where, qs = room sensible heat load, kW

DBr = DB4 = dry-bulb temperature inside the room conditioned

DBs = DB3 = dry-bulb temperature of supply air

ms = m3 = mass flow rate of supply air, kg/s

b. If the by-pass factor (BPF) of the CDA is considered

qs = 1.0062 ms (1 – BPF)(DB4 – RADP)

qs
m s =m3 = eq . 2
1.0062 ( 1−BPF ) ( DB 4−RADP )

equating 1 and 2,

qs qs
=
1.0062 ( 1−BPF ) ( DB 4−RADP ) 1.0062 ( DB 4−DB 3 )

Solving for the BPF,

DB 3−RADP
BPF=
DB 4−RADP
For CDA Contact Factor (CF),

DB 4 −DB3
CF =1−BPF=
DB 4−RADP

DB 2−DB 3
Also , CF =
DB 2− ADP

DB 3− ADP
BPF=1−CF=
DB 2− ADP
Where, CF = contact factor
ADP = apparatus dew point temperature of the CDA, °C
DB2 = temperature of air entering the CDA, °C
DB3 = temperature of air leaving the CDA which is equal to temperature of
supply air, °C

Example # 22 The condition to be maintained in a department store building is 26°C DB and

18°C WB temperatures. The sensible heat load is 78 kW and the latent heat load is 14
kW. The cooling and dehumidifying of the air is accomplished by passing it over a spray-
type washer with water chilled by refrigeration. The air is then heated to 18°C DB and
supplied to the room. The CDA contact factor is assumed 1.0. If 60% of supply air is
recirculated and 40% is outdoor air at 35°C DB and 29°CWB, find a) the apparatus dew-
point temperature of the CDA; b) the tons of refrigeration (TR) required; and c) the
conditions of air entering the CDA.

Given: system shown

Required:
a. The apparatus dew-point temperature of the CDA
b. The tons of refrigeration
c. The conditions of air entering the CDA
Solution:

From psychrometric chart

at 35°C DB and 29°C WB,

h1 =94.8 – 0.32 = 94.48 kJ/kg d.a.

W1 = 0.0232 kg/kg d.a.

at point 5: 26°C DB and 18°C WB,

h5 = 51.0 – 0.25 = 50.75 kJ/kg d.a.

W5 = 0.0096 kg/kg d.a.

For the mass flow rate of supply air,

qs 78
m4 = = =9.69 kg /s
1.0062( DB 5−DB 4 ) 1.0062( 26−18)

For the value of W4,

qL 14
W 4=W 5 − =0.0096− =0.009 kg /kg d . a.
2501 m 2501 ( 9.69 )

a. For the washer apparatus dew-point temperature

From Carrier psychrometric chart, at W 3 = W4 = 0.009 kg/kg d.a. and RH3 = 100%

DB3 = t3 = 12.4°C h3 = 35.2 kJ/kg d.a.

Therefore, ADP = 12.4°C

b. For the refrigerating capacity of the CDA

qCDA = m4(h4 – h3) = mr(h5 – h3) + mo(h1 – h3)

Where, mr = 0.6m4 = 0.6(9.69) = 5.814 kg/s

mo = m4 – mr = 9.69 – 5.814 = 3.876 kg/s

Therefore,

qCDA =5.814(50.75 - 35.2) + 3.876(94.48 – 35.2) = 320.176 kW = 91.034 TR – answer

c. For the conditions (properties) of air before entering the air washer

Consider the junction 1 – 5 – 2,

Solving for h2 using energy balance

moh1 + mrhr = m2h2

mo h1 +mr hr 3.876 ( 94.48 0 ) +5.814 (50.75)

h2 = = =68.242 kJ /kg d . a .
m2 9.69

Solving for DB2 using equation,

mo(DB1) + m5(DB5) = m2 (DB2)

m o DB 1+ m 5 DB 5 3.876 ( 35 ) +5.814 (26)

DB 2= = =29.6 ℃
m2 9.69

Solving for W2 using equation

m o W 1 +m 5 W 5 3.876 ( 0.0232 ) +5.814(0.0096)

W 2= = =0.01504 kg / kg d .a .
m2 9.69

Checking for the value of qCDA:

 9.69(68.242−35.2)
q CDA =m2 ( h 2−h3 ) = =91.06 TR
3.516

Example # 23] An auditorium is to be maintained at a temperature of 26°C DB and 50% RH. Air is to be
supplied at a temperature not lower than 15°C DB. The sensible heat gain is 110 kW and the
latent heat gain is 37.5 kW. Take the ventilating air as 25% by weight of the air from room and is
at 35°C DB and 60% RH. Determine the refrigerating capacity ( the system hs no reheater).Note:
Board Problem October 1985.

Given: The system shown

Required:

The refrigerating Capacity of the CDA

Solution:

For the mass flow rate of supply air,

qs 110
m 3= = =9.938 kg/ s
1.0062( DB 4−DB 3 ) 1.0062(26−15)

For the properties of the given points, from Carrier psychrometric chart,

at point 4: 26°C DB and 50% RH

 h4 = 52.6 – 0.24 = 52.36 kJ/kg d.a.

W4 = 0.0105 kg/kg d.a.

at point 1: 35°C DB and 60% RH

h1 = 90.7 – 0.32 = 90.38 kJ/kg d.a.

Solving for the value of W3

qL 37.5
W 3 =W 4 − =0.0105− =0.009 kg /kg d . a .
2501 m 3 2501 ( 9.938 )

From the psychrometric chart,

at DB3 = 15°C DB and W3 = 0.009 kg/kg d.a.

h3 = 37.7 – 0.04 = 37.66 kJ/kg d.a.

Solving for the mass flow rate of ventilating air or outdoor air:

m1 = 0.25(m3) = 0.25(9.938) = 2.4845 kg/s

Solving for the mass flow rate of the return air:

Consider junction 1 – 4 – 2 and using mass balance,

m4 = mr = m2 – mo = 9.938 – 2.4845 = 7.4535 kg/s

Solving for the refrigerating load:

qCDA = mr(h4 – h3) + mo(h1 – h3)

qCDA = [7.4535(52.36 – 37.66) + 2.4845(90.38 – 37.66)]

qCDA = 240.55 kW = 68.4 TR - - answer

Example # 24] A summer air conditioning system for a department store is being designed. The
following data are available:

Outside air 35°C DB and 28°C WB

Inside air 26°C DB and 50% RH

Room sensible heat gain 44 kW

Room Latent heat gain 9 kW

Ventilating air 0.95 m3/s

CDA by-pass facto (BPF) 0.19

Determine:

a. The room apparatus dew-point temperature;

b. The temperature of air leaving the coil;
c. The volumetric rate of supply air;
d. The CDA apparatus dew-point temperature;
e. The air conditioning load; and
f. The refrigeration load, TR.

Given: system shown

Required:

a. The room apparatus dew-point temperature;

b. The temperature of air leaving the coil;
c. The volumetric rate of supply air;
d. The CDA apparatus dew-point temperature;
e. The air conditioning load; and
f. The refrigeration load, TR.
Solution:

a. For the room apparatus dew-point temperature (RADP)

Solving for the sensible heat ratio, SHR,

qS 44
SHR= = =0.83
qS + q L 44 +9

From Carrier psychrometric chart,

at SHR = 0.83 and a room condition of 26°C DB and 50% RH

Then RADP = 13°C

b. For the temperature of supply air

From the figure above, consider the line a34,

DB 3−DB a
DB 3=1−CF = , 1−CF =BPF
DB 4−DB a

Then,

DB3 = BPF (DB4 – DBa) + DBa = (0.19)(26 – 13) + 13 = 15.47°C

c. For the volumetric rate of supply air, Q3, m3/s

Q3 = volumetric rate of supply air, m3/s

Q3 = m3v3

Where, from Carrier psychrometric chart, v3 = 0. 83 m3/kg d.a.

Also, m3 = mass flow rate of supply air, kg/s

qs 44
m 3= = =4.15 kg /s
1.0062( DB 4−DB 3 ) 1.0062(26−15.47)

Therefore, Q3 = 4.15(0.83) = 3.44 m3/s

d. For the CDA apparatus dew-point temperature

Consider the junction 1 – 4 – 2 .

From psychrometric chart, at 35°C DB and 28°C WB,

vo = 0.903 m3/kg d.a.

For mo,
Q o 0.95
m o= = =1.052 kg/ s
v o 0.903

By mass balance, mr = m2 – mo = 4.15 – 1.052 = 3.098 kg/s

By energy balance, mo (DB1) + mr (DB4) = m2 (DB2)

m o ( DB 1 ) +m r ( DB 4 ) 1.052 ( 35 ) +3.098(26)
DB 2= = =28.28 ℃
m2 4.15

 Using the psychrometric chart, at the point of intersection of the saturation curve and
the line connecting points 2 and 3, the coil apparatus dew-point temperature is
obtained.
 e. For the air conditioning load, in TR

q s+ q L 44 +9
Air Conditioning Load = = =15.1 TR
3.516 3.516

f. For the refrigeration load, in TR

From Carrier psychrometric chart,

h1 = 90 – 0.36 = 89.64 kJ/kg d.a.

h4 = 53.2 – 0.24 = 52.96 kJ/kg d.a.

qCDA = air conditioning load + ventilation load

q L +q S +m o ( h1 +h 4 ) ( 44+ 9 ) +1.052(89.64−52.96)
q CDA = = =26.09TR
3.516 3.516

Note: qCDA could also be solved using the equation

qCDA = mo (h1 – h3) + mr (h4 – h3) = m2 (h2 – h3)

 Outdoor air and recirculated air with external by-pass system

o In the by-pass system, part of the recirculated air is controlled by damper action in order to
make it bypass the conditioner. This by-pass air is used to reheat the air leaving the refrigerating
coil to a more suitable temperature for distribution at the grille outlets. This method produces
economical performance as compared with systems with reheat might be used.
Refrigeration Load:

qCDA = m2 (h2 – h3)

qCDA = m0 (h1 – h3) + mrc (h5 – h3)

qCDA = ventilation load + air condition load

qCDA = mo (h1 – h5) + (qs + ql)

Where, mo = mass flow rate of outdoor air, kg/s

m2 = m3 = mass flow rate of air passing the CDA, kg/s

mbp = mass flow rate of bypass air,kg/s

mrc = mass flow rate of recirculated air, kg/s

Example # 25] In a theater, the sensible heat gain is 96 kW and the latent heat is 38.4 kW. Outside air is
at 33°C DB and 25°C WB. The supply air enters at 18°C and the theater is to be maintained at
25°C DB and 18°C WB. If 20% of the fan capacity is fresh air and the bypass system is used,
determine a) the apparatus dew-point temperature; and b) the refrigeration capacity.

Given: A system shown

Required:

a. The apparatus dew-point temperature; and

b. The CDA capacity

Solution:

Properties from psychrometric chart

At point 1: 33°C DB and 25°C WB

h1 = 76.04 kJ/kg d.a.

W1 = 0.0168 kg/kg d.a.

At point 5: 25°C DB and 18°C DB

h5 = 50.68 kJ/kg d.a.

W5 = 0.0102 kg/kg d.a.

For the mass flow rate of the supply air,

qs 96
m4 = = =13.63 kg/ s
1.0062( DB 5−DB 4 ) 1.0062( 25−18)

For the humidity ratio of the supply air,

qL 34.8
W 4=W 5 − =0.0102− =0.0091 kg/kg d . a .
2501 m4 2501 ( 13.63 )

For the enthalpy of the supply air from Carrier psychrometric chart,

At W4 = 0.0091 kg/kg d.a. and t4 = 18°C,

h4 = 41.2 – 0.08 = 41.12 kJ/kg d.a.

DP4 = 12.6°C

Using computation,

h4 = 1.007t4 – 0.026 + W4 (2501 + 1.84 t4)

h4 = 1.007(18) – 0.026 + (0.0091) [2501 + 1.84 (18)]

h4 = 41.16 kJ/kg d.a.

For the mass flow rate of the return air, m rt,

mrt = 0.8 m4 = 0.80(13.63) = 10.904 kg/s

For the mass flow rate of outdoor air,

mo = 0.20 m4 = (0.2) (13.63) = 2.726 kg/s

a. For the apparatus dew-point temperature which is equal to t3

Consider the junction 3 – 5 – 4,

By energy balance in terms of DB temperatures,

m3t3 + mbp t5 = m4 t4

Then, m3t3 = m4 t4 - mbp t5 = 13.63(18) – mbp (25)

m3t3 = 245.34 – 25 mbp eq. 1

By energy balance in terms of DP temperatures,

m3(DP)3 + mbp (DP)5 = m4 (DP)4

But DP3 = t3

Then, m3t3 = (13.63)(12.6) – 14.2mbp eq. 2

Where, (DP)5 = 14.2°C is obtained from p.c.

Equating eq. 1 and eq. 2

245.34 – 25mbp = (13.63)(12.6) – 14.2mbp

Then, mbp = 6.815 kg/s

For the mass flow rate of air leaving the CDA

Consider the junction 3 – 5 – 4 and by mass balance

m3 + mbp = m4

Then, m3 = m4 – mbp = 13.63 – 6.815 = 6.815 kg/s

For the mass flow rate of the recirculated air, consider junction 1 – 5 - 2

By mass balance, mo + mrc = m2 = m3

Then, mrc = m3 – mo = 6.815 – 2.726

mrc = 4.089 kg/s

For t3 which is equal to the apparatus dew-point temperature, from eq. 1

m4 t 4 −mbp t 5 13.63 ( 18 ) −6.815(25)

t 3= = =11 ℃
m3 6.815

b. For the refrigerating load

qCDA = mo (h1 – h5) + (qs + ql)

qCDA = 2.726(76.04 – 50.68) + (96 + 38.4) = 203.53 kW = 57.87 TR

Alternative Solution for qCDA

Solving for t2, consider junction 1 – 5 – 2

mo (t1) + mrc (t5) = m2 (t2) →m2 = m3

m o t 1+ m rc t 5 2.726 ( 33 ) + 4.086(25)
t 2= = =28.2
m3 6.815

Solving for W2,

mo (W1) + mrc (W5) = m2 (W2)

m o W +m rc W 5 2.726 ( 0.0168 )+ 4.086( 0.0102)

W 2= = =0.01284 Kg/ Kg d . a .
m3 6.815

Solving for h2,

h2 = 1.007t2 – 0.026 + W2 (2501 + 1.84 t2)

h2 = 1.007(28.2 – 0.026 + 0.01284 (2501 + 1.84 x 28.2)

h2 = 61.13 kJ/kg d.a.

For h3, from psychrometric chart at t3 = 11°C and RH = 100%

h3 = 31.64 kJ/kg d.a.

Solving for the refrigerating capacity of the CDA,

qCDA = m2 (h2 – h3) = 6.815(61.13 – 31.54) = 200.97 kW or 57.14 TR

Another Solution for qCDA

qCDA = mo (h1 – h3) + mrc (h5 – h3)

qCDA = 2.726(76.04 -31.64) + 4.086(50.68 – 31.64) = 198.83 kW = 56.53 TR

Another solution for mbp

Consider the figure shown below,

Solving for external by-pass factor, EBPF

 t 4−t 3 18−11
EBPF= = =0.50
t 5−t 3 25−11

Solving for the mass flow rate of the by-pass air,

mbp = (EBPF)(ms) = 0.50(13.63) = 6.815 kg/s

Alternative Solution

a. To determine t3, in the psychrometric chart, extend the line connecting points 5 and 4 until the
line intersect with the saturation curve.

b. To determine t3 and W4,Use the SHR line and the room load ratio line (RLR) in the psychrometric
chart.

qs 96
SHR= = =0.714
qs + q L 96+38.4

Therefore, t3 = 11°C
W4 = 0.0091 kg/kg d.a.