Ieic D 20 00500 PDF
Ieic D 20 00500 PDF
Ieic D 20 00500 PDF
Full Title: Investigation on the Magnus Effect on a symmetric NACA 0021 Airfoil: A Numerical
and Experimental Study
Funding Information:
Abstract: This paper addresses the outcome of implementing a spinning cylinder at the leading-
edge of symmetric NACA 0021 airfoil at velocity ratios (Uc/U) inferior to previously
conducted studies with higher velocity ratios (≥ 1.0). In an attempt to study the efficacy
for applying Magnus effect both numerical and experimental approaches are carried
out. The analysis in this study was conducted in different angle of attacks ranging from
0° to 20°, in different spinning velocities of the cylinder (0, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500 and
5000 rpm) and in 20 m/s free stream velocity (U). There is a significant correlation
between the spinning of the cylinder and the increase in the coefficient of lift (CL) and
escalation in stall angle (αe) when the cylinder is placed at the leading edge and
rotated with a low speed (Uc). This study focused on the effects of low velocity ratios of
the cylinder as there were very less contributions of the previous studies on this
aspect. This concept can be beneficial in short take-off and landing airfoils, wind
turbine, thick airfoil for RC aircrafts etc.
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Md. Abdus Salam1,2, Dr. M. A. Taher Ali3, Dr. Md. Quamrul Islam4
1,2
PhD Student and Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Head, Department of
Aeronautical Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology, Bangladesh, Email:
[email protected]
3
Professor, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology, Bangladesh.
4
Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology, Bangladesh.
Abstract:
This paper addresses the outcome of implementing a spinning cylinder at the leading-edge of symmetric
NACA 0021 airfoil at velocity ratios (Uc/U) inferior to previously conducted studies with higher
velocity ratios (≥ 1.0). In an attempt to study the efficacy for applying Magnus effect both numerical
and experimental approaches are carried out. The analysis in this study was conducted in different angle
of attacks ranging from 0° to 20°, in different spinning velocities of the cylinder (0, 3000, 3500, 4000,
4500 and 5000 rpm) and in 20 m/s free stream velocity (U). There is a significant correlation between
the spinning of the cylinder and the increase in the coefficient of lift (CL) and escalation in stall angle
(αe) when the cylinder is placed at the leading edge and rotated with a low speed (Uc). This study
focused on the effects of low velocity ratios of the cylinder as there were very less contributions of the
previous studies on this aspect. This concept can be beneficial in short take-off and landing airfoils,
wind turbine, thick airfoil for RC aircrafts etc.
1
To whom any correspondence should be addressed.
Manuscript (excluding authors' names and affiliations)
Figure 1. Experimental and Numerical setup (a) coupler with motor; (b) airfoil; (c) cylinder; (d) sidewall
disk; (e) wires to connect electronic speed controller and battery; (f) inlet of the numerical domain; (g)
sidewall of the numerical domain; (h) outlet of the numerical domain
(a) (b)
Figure 2. CL vs Angle of attack (AOA) for unmodified and modified NACA 0021 airfoils for (a) numerical
approach at Re 2 x 105, (b) experimental appraoch at Re 2 x 105,
turbulent. However, since the experiment was A relation between CL and AOA for modified and
carried out in the wind tunnel, the flow was expected unmodified NACA 0021 airfoil for numerical and
to be fully turbulent as it entered the wind tunnel test experimental approaches has been shown in Figure-
section. In addition, the leading-edge spinning
2. For each case, the spinning increased CL and αe
cylinder acts as a trip and the transition point may
start from the leading edge itself. Therefore, the inlet for all Uc/U except Uc/U = 0. At Uc/U = 0, the CL
turbulent intensity specification of 5% can be decreased relative to the unmodified airfoil because
justified. In the present study, y+ values over the of the absence of addition energy involvement and
aerofoil range between 5 and 6 and increase near the the whole configuration restricted the scope for
cylinder to range between 12 and 16. For the masa smooth flow. The most significant finding is that the
and momentum conservation, the Reynolds maximum increase in CLmax was 35% and maximum
averaged form of the governing equation is given as:
delay in αe was 50% relative to the unmodified
𝜕𝑢̅𝑖 airfoil. As the spin of the cylinder increased, more
=0 amount of external energy was injected into the free
𝜕𝑥𝑖
stream airflow and it caused increase in velocity
𝜕𝑢𝑖 𝜕𝑢̅𝑖 𝜕𝜌̅ 1 𝜕 2 𝑢̅𝑖 𝜕𝜏𝑖𝑗 𝑅 gradient and consequently delay in flow separation
+ 𝑢̅𝑗 = − + +
𝜕𝜏 𝜕𝑥𝑗 𝜕𝑥𝑖 𝑅𝑒 𝜕𝑥𝑗 𝜕𝑥𝑗 𝜕𝜏 and this phenomenon is also reflected in figure 2.
The likely interference of the vibration of the
In the analysis, the domain was divided among about spinning cylinder cannot be ruled out. In the
500000 cells, consisting the mean cell size between experimental analysis, there were some irregular
2 × 10−4 m and 5 × 10−2 m. The node validation
pattern after αe compared to numerical analysis. This
study was carried out and it showed that the grid
interesting finding can be attributed to the irregular extreme amount of uncertainty in case of measuring
pattern of vibration of the cylinder due to the air density was ±0.02 kgm3 which accounted for
rotation. overall ±1.69% of the uncertainty in case of air
density. The extreme amount of uncertainty in case
of measuring chord length and wing span by a digital
(a) (b)
Figure 3. CD vs Angle of attack (AOA) for unmodified and modified NACA 0021 airfoils for (a) numerical
approach at Re 2 x 105, (b) experimental appraoch at Re 2 x 105