[Blood & Sand: Pacific Variant is an adaptation of the Variant Design & could not scratch.

uld not scratch. The yearning for more material on the Pacific was not fulfilled.
Development rules originally written by Wild Bill Wilder in 1982 prior to any There were promises, but no product.
release of any Pacific theatre modules by The Avalon Hill Game Company for its Finally, after some years of rather impatient waiting, I began research and
original Squad Leader or Advanced Squad Leader rules. He and his group of experimentation on the Pacific. Then I enlisted the aid of some other very capable
players known as “Wild Bill’s Raiders” attempted to formulate rules for use and people from different parts of the U.S., and we went to work. in the last 18
create scenarios based in the Pacific theatre using the available counters found in months the product of our efforts is a Pacific variant based on the Squad Leader
the original Squad Leader and its expansion gamettes. It is to Wild Bill Wilder system called Blood and Sand.
and his group that this new module is dedicated and below you will find his Many hours of correspondence, testing, and correction have gone into the
original introduction for his Blood & Sand rules. However, the contents of this preparation of this variant. Of course, when Avalon Hill Game Co. does finally
version of Blood & Sand, are actually the Chapter G: Pacific Theatre rules found produce its own version of the war in the Pacific, this effort will lose its
in the ASL rulebook. The ASL rules from Chapter G have been modified (and in significance. I do believe, however, that much of what we have done will be
some cases entirely rewritten) in some areas where it was necessary so as to reflected in that product. Perhaps it will even be adaptable to it.
coincide with the rules already written and presented in Squad Leader thru GI: In the meantime, this project stands as is. It has proven to be a valuable learning
Anvil of Victory, and in some cases from the new VSQL module Hollow Legions: experience on the personal level. For other garners it offers the following
North Africa. Even though the rules were originally written for ASL, every effort advantages.
was made to reference rules originally presented in the earlier set of rules found 1. An introduction to the Allied participation against the Japanese on the
in Squad Leader, Cross of Iron, Crescendo of Doom, or GI: Anvil of Victory, but tactical level. This is an area left practically untouched by gaming companies.
in some cases there were some ASL rules that were entirely new to the original SL Now you can leave behind for a while the hedgerows of France, the desert sands
game and were required to be entirely rewritten so it could fall in line with the of North Africa, and the bitter cold of Russia for the sweltering jungle heat,
original SL-GI rules (in effect, the rules written for ASL were stripped of tropical disease and coral reef.
anything that was considered pertinent to the play of ASL and not in the Original 2. An insight into the uniqueness of this conflict. Many basic principles of
SL game system). in any case, if a conflict of rules should arise, players may jungle warfare, invasion tactics, fluid defenses, new weaponry, and combined
either except the highest rules number as taking precedence or with a simple roll military strategy were forged in the fires of the Pacific struggle.
of the die. 3. An inspiration, as the gallantry of many nations involved is faithfully
- Editor] portrayed on the playing board. With the implementation of a few new rules, one
INTRO: (By Wild Bill Wilder) is able to “feel” the difference in the action, and perhaps even modify the outcome
The military involvement of the United States in the Pacific during World War of the battle.
II forms a dramatic and glorious part of our history. It cannot be ignored or The complete variant may be made available shortly as a magazine supplement.
forgotten. From the “dastardly and unprovoked attack” on Pearl Harbor to the Included in this will be more maps, more scenarios, and some counters. Wherever
horrendous explosions over Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Western world, and in possible, however, players should use existing Squad Leader counters. For the
particular the United States, became engulfed in an unparalleled struggle. Millions scenarios included in this issue of the magazine, for example, use German
of soldiers, sailors and airmen were scattered like chaff across the vast expanses infantry counters and French support weapons for the Japanese. Any counters
of the Pacific ocean and the enormous land masses of the Far East. you will need to make are illustrated.
Names and places which had previously been unknown to the average The present scenarios (P1-P20) are a sampling of what is to come, and
American became a familiar part of his vocabulary. Iwo Jima, Tarawa, Midway, depending upon your response to them, much more will be presented in the
the Burma Road, Guadalcanal, and many others have been indelibly printed upon future. Other scenarios dealing with the French-Indochinese struggle, Korea, the
our history pages. “Banzai” is a more familiar term than “Blitzkrieg”; MacArthur, Near East, and Central America are also possibilities. Your reaction will
Wainwright, Yamamoto, Tojo and Merrill are names we have heard before. determine just how far we go. in the meantime, I truly hope that this introduction
Having long been a lover of military history, and with an almost inordinate to the Blood and Sand variant will be a pleasant, informative, and inspiring
desire to recreate great military encounters through gaming, the Squad Leader change in your gaming diet.
system has been a constant fountain of satisfaction for me. The trend of other Original Variant Design: Bill Wilder
gaming companies toward the tactical aspects of warfare demonstrates the interest Original Playtest Group: “Wild Bill’s Raiders”
Original Variant Development: Bob Safin, Ed Walker, Lee Skilhin, Jeff Shaw, Ross Towle, Mike
that exists there. For me, tactical situations are just what I enjoy the most. I find Fredericks, Rick Walton, Norm Benjamin, Chip Merton, Geff Hinds, Kurt Manglos and many others.
that I am a much better sergeant or lieutenant than general. Still, I had an itch I
 BLOOD & SAND
PACIFIC VARIANT RULES
PV.1 PTO TERRAIN: Except as mentioned otherwise, the following apply whenever that Location. A unit forced back into a Wire Location is placed beneath the Wire
"PTO Terrain" is stated as being in effect: counter. A unit forced back to a Depression Location is placed in it—not in Crest status.
A unit forced back to an entrenchment/shellhole Location can derive no TEM benefit
• All woods are Jungle; there from vs any ensuing Defensive Fire attacks, unless that unit(s) expended the MF’s
• All brush is Bamboo; for that location prior to exiting the location and entering the DEFENDERS concealed
hex location). A unit forced back to its previous Location is not subject to attack (even
• All orchards are Palm Trees; by a minefield or FFE) during its brief period in the previously concealed unit's
• All wooden Single Story Houses in hexes containing two separate buildings, but Location, but it is subject to other Defensive Fire attacks when being returned to its
no partial building depiction, are Huts; previously occupied Location. Random Selection is used to determine which of
multiple concealed units must lose their concealment, but all hidden Units in the
• All grain is Kunai; Location must be placed on board beneath a "?" prior to that Random Selection. If the
DEFENDER is unable to reveal a non-Dummy unit in that Location because there are
• Each marsh hex adjacent to one Jungle hex is a Swamp hex; none, all of his "?" in the Location are removed and the moving unit may continue its
• No roads exist (all woods-roads are Paths, with no Open Ground in the woods- move from that Location without ever having been forced out of it. If the only
road portion of those hexes); concealed unit revealed is a SMC, the ATTACKER may, at his option, immediately
attempt an Infantry OVR (PV.4B) if possible, thereby forcing the DEFENDER to
• All bridges are Fords; immediately reveal another non-Dummy unit in the Location (if he has one).
• Stream "end-hexes" (whether overlay hexes or not) that are adjacent to each other PV.4B INFANTRY OVR: An Infantry MMC may enter in the MPh a Location
but on different boards are assumed to represent a continuous stream; i.e., each hexside containing only one Known enemy SMC (unless that SMC occupies an AFV) at double
common to two such hexes is treated as a stream hexside [EXC: for LOS/LOF purposes, the total MF cost of entry provided it has passed a NMC to enable it to enter the
that hexside is considered a stream hexside only if the LOS/LOF begins in one of those Location [EXC: Berserk]. A leader may exempt all MMC he is stacked with and moves
two stream hexes and ends in the other]. with from that NMC by passing it himself, but if he fails, no unit in his stack may
further attempt a NMC individually nor may any of those units continue moving or take
PV.1A ROAD/PATH: All references to roads apply only to playable roads (i.e., not
any further action during that movement phase. A unit may take its NMC at any time
to printed roads that are treated as paths or as nonexistent; PV.1). All references to paths
during its MPh prior to entering the enemy Location (or in the enemy Location in the
apply also to roads treated as paths.
case of entry of a Location containing only a Concealed/Hidden SMC), but must add a
PV.2 FORTIFICATIONS: in daytime scenarios, HIP applies to Fortifications [EXC: DRM equal to the TEM (and any applicable LOS Hindrance in - not between - that
Known minefields; HL/NA 55.8 Addendum] set up in jungle, kunai or bamboo [EXC: an Location such as SMOKE, grain, or orchard) of the enemy-occupied Location it wishes
entrenchment whose occupant(s) are hidden is revealed when a non-Dummy enemy unit to enter (hexside TEM apply only if the present LOS crosses that hexside). If other
enters its Location only if one of its occupants is revealed too (see PV.4); a pillbox is (concealed) units were in the same Location, PV.4 would apply. More than one SMC
also revealed if any of its occupants fires]. must be revealed to deny a Location to an enemy MMC capable of OVR. Other MMC
could attempt subsequent Infantry OVR attacks but each would require a separate
PV.3 FIREGROUPS: A unit in dense jungle (2.2), kunai, bamboo or swamp may not
NMC.
participate in a multi-hex FG if another unit in that FG occupies some other dense
jungle, kunai, bamboo or swamp hex. [NOTE: INFANTRY OVR: The inclusion of an Infantry OVR rule was a source of
heated debate among Playtesters during ASL’s creation - many opposed it as an
EX: if PTO Terrain (including dense jungle) is in effect, Squad A (in a palm-tree hex)
unnecessary complication. However, Others pointed out the End Game problem of
may form a FG with squad B (in a swamp hex), or with squad C (in dense jungle hex),
using SMC as unrealistic sacrifices to "block" enemy movement into hexes that were
or with squad D (in a kunai hex). No other FG configuration is possible for these units
required to fulfill Victory Conditions. The resulting rule is an attempt to deal both with
as shown—nor would any other be possible even if DD3 were Open Ground.
the artificial time constraints of the Game Turn and to give lone SMC the option of
PV.4 DETECTION: Loss of concealment (see PV.4A) does not necessarily apply giving way before overwhelming force rather than risk sure elimination or capture.]
when, during its MPh, an ATTACKER unit enters a jungle, kunai or bamboo Location
PV.4.B1 SMC OPTIONS: The SMC being OVR has two options if in Good Order.
whose occupying unit(s) consist(s) only of hidden, Stealthy Infantry DEFENDER(S),
none of which is in a pillbox/building or manning a hidden Gun. The DEFENDER 1. It may attack the moving units on
player has the choice of invoking PV.4A, of having all such DEFENDER units in that the IFT normally (non-heroic leaders with no SW have no such FP) with PBF/TPBF
Location automatically retain their HIP status (though they can still be revealed by and any TEM as applicable, and then, if the MMC should still survive and is capable of
Searching; (PV.10), or of having one of them attack the moving ATTACKER using moving into the SMC's Location, engage it in immediate CC during that MPh; or
TPBF on the IFT. Unless pinned beforehand, the MPh of each ATTACKER Infantry
2. The SMC may immediately, prior to
unit thusly attacked ends after all attacks vs it prompted by its entry MF expenditure
any Defensive Fire vs the ATTACKER, move (free of all enemy fire) into any adjacent
have been resolved. If the ATTACKER unit ends its MPh in that now-revealed
Accessible Location (with any SW normally allowed) of the ATTACKER's choice,
DEFENDER's Location, a CC counter is placed therein. in all cases, the provisions for
which is not occupied by an enemy unit. The ATTACKER may not force the SMC
removing a Dummy ATTACKER remain in effect, and concealment rules apply
into/onto a wire, minefield, FFE, or Open Ground hex if an alternate choice is available
unchanged at the start of the CCPh; however, whenever a hidden unit is placed onboard
as the ATTACKER's MMC enters its hex.
as per PV.4.1, an Ambush can occur.
PV.4.B11 If the SMC is broken, pinned, already held in Melee, TI, occupying a
PV.4A CONCEALMENT LOSS: Concealment can also be lost due to attempted
vehicle, or otherwise incapable of movement it does not have this movement option,
enemy movement (not advance) into a concealed unit's Location. Whenever a non-
and its attack options are restricted as befits its status. This movement or attack option
berserk enemy infantry/non-charging Cavalry unit attempts to move into a Location
can be used by the same SMC again during that MPh if it is OVR by Infantry again,
containing a concealed unit during the MPh [EXC: Bypass (12.151); Human Wave
provided it is not now held in Melee.
(25.23)], the DEFENDER must immediately reveal at least one concealed unit in that
Location and thereby force the moving unit back (even from a Wire Location) to the last PV.4.B12 CC: If, after Defensive Fire, the SMC remains in its Location with the
Location occupied before entering his Location [EXC: units allowed to enter an enemy entering MMC, normal CC immediately ensues during that MPh. Should the SMC be
Location during the MPh; 4.14] where it will end its MPh (unless it goes Berserk first) eliminated or captured, the OVR unit(s), which defeated it, may continue their MPh
and is subject to possible Defensive Fire attack (or, in the case of a routing unit, from that Location with any remaining MF allotment. Other units, which have not
eliminated or captured for Failure to Rout; 10.533). If the ATTACKER is concealed, the already ended their MPh, may then also transit the Location during that MPh. Should
DEFENDER can (before he reveals any unit) force him to momentarily reveal a non- the SMC survive this initial CC, it and the OVR units are considered in Melee, marked
Dummy unit in that stack; if the ATTACKER cannot, his Dummy stack is removed. with a Melee counter, and subject to CC again in that Location in that turn's CCPh.
The MF expended in attempting to move into the concealed unit's Location are still Should another MMC attempt to OVR it while the SMC is in Melee, that MMC may
used, but are considered expended in the Location it is returned to; such re-entry causes attack it in CC (even though the SMC has already been attacked during that MPh and
any already-existing Residual FP in the returned-to Location to attack the returning may not attack back in that MPh) but only the newly arriving attacking unit(s) is eligible
unit—even if it had already attacked that unit in that phase. Similarly, a Unit forced to continue movement with any remaining MF in that MPh if successful.
back into a FFE or minefield Location is subject to FFE/minefield attack as it re-enters
Rough Draft 2 100920
 BLOOD & SAND
PV.5 SCROUNGING: A Scrounge attempt in jungle, kunai or bamboo receives a +2 PV.8C SEARCH &RECON: A Search/Recon (see also PV.10, 13.96) vs a hex
drm unless the item being recovered is in a vehicle, trench, building or pillbox. reveals the presence, but not the number, of trip flares therein. in addition, when a hex
that contains a trip flare is Searched, a separate trip flare dr is made for that hex as if the
PV.6 AMBUSH: Ambush ({COI 98.3}, 1.13) may occur in jungle, kunai or bamboo
Searcher were entering it (PV.8), but ignoring the presence of all entrenchments, TB
just as if that terrain type were Woods. However, the ATTACKER unit/stack in that
and paths.
hex must add a +1 drm to its Ambush dr.1
PV.7 RADIOS: When PTO Terrain (PV.1) is in effect, all radio (but not field phone) SEARCH/RECON dr [PV.10]
Contact and Maintenance DR receive a +1 DRM.2 Final dr indicates the number of Accessible hexes other than its own of
PV.8 TRIP FLARES: During setup for a 1944-5 PTO night scenario involving a the ATTACKER's choice which the unit/stack may not Search
U.S. Scenario Defender, the U.S. player may assign a number of trip flares (up to the -1 Per Stealthy Searching unit
number available in his OB) to any jungle/bamboo/wire/panji Locations.3 He does this -1 Per HS equivalent > one HS Searching
by secretly recording the grid co-ordinate using HIP of Trip Flare Counters on each +x Leadership factor of best participating leader
such hex and the number of trip flares set up therein. Each time any, even a friendly, +1 Per Lax or CX Searching unit (per each condition)
non-Dummy (determined as per 12.11) ground unit/stack enters, expends additional All Searched hexes (including all above-ground Locations in those hexes)
MF/MP in or Searches (PV.8C), a Location that currently contains any trip flare(s), the automatically reveal their contents, including the presence of minefields
player owning the trip flare(s) immediately makes a dr ( ) [EXC: no dr is made if the (but not their type and strength) and Fortified Buildings. All enemy
unit/stack is entering (or entering the Location via) a trench/pillbox/subterranean concealed units revealed lose their "?" (or if hidden are placed on board
passage, or is entering the Location via a path/TB created during play, or if the MF/MP with a "?")
expenditure is made for Stopping, Delay or placing SMOKE; for Panjis see also 9.121].
During the MPh, one dr is made for each separate qualifying MF/MP expenditure (not PV.8D DYO: The BPV of each trip flare is "1".
for each such MF/MP expended), and is made before Defensive Fire is conducted. The
only possible drm is a -4, which applies if during the current Player Turn the unit/stack PV.9 OVERLAYS: Overlays have been included (ie, inserted) directly into some
entered the hex using (or is Searching "across" a hexside that contains) a road or a path mapboards and those boards being identified as Customized.
that was not created during play. If the Final dr is the number of trip flares currently in PV.10 SEARCH/RECON: As each Good Order Infantry/Cavalry MMC, or moving
that Location, a trip flare has been set off and a Trip Flare counter is placed therein. stack that contains one MMC, ends its move it may attempt to reveal concealed
PV.8A EFFECTS: A Trip Flare counter Illuminates the ground-level Location of its enemy units (/Minefields) in Accessible hexes (including its own) by expending one
own hex and all Accessible ground-level Locations, including all pillboxes in those additional MF in its present hex and making a Search dr, provided that all units making
hexes [EXC: if placed in a Depression, it can Illuminate in an Accessible Depression the attempt are neither Pinned nor using Assault Movement. Regardless of the
hex only if those two hexes share a Depression hexside]. Each Trip Flare counter outcome, that unit or moving stack is TI for the remainder of that Player Turn. The
placed onboard during the MPh is placed with its red-on-white side face-up, and is Final dr indicates the number of Accessible hexes other than its own of the
removed at the end of that Player Turn's CCPh after the placement of "?"; each placed ATTACKER's choice which the unit/stack may not Search. Such hexes may include
during a RtPh/APh/CCPh is placed with its purple-on-white side face-up, and is those, which the ATTACKER knows contain no hidden units (such as Open Ground or
removed at the end of the next Player Turn's AFPh (along with Defensive Fire a just-traversed hex). This dr is modified as follows:
counters). The MF/MP expenditure that sets off a trip flare is considered to have been PV.10A THIS AND OTHER RULEBOOKS: The various rules in Squad leader and
made in an Illuminated Location. A set-off trip flare is equivalent to a fired Starshell those which were added later in Cross of Iron, Crescendo of Doom, GI: Anvil of
for the purpose of allowing Fire Lanes vs Bore Sighted hexes (COI 78) and the
Victory, and Hollow Legions/North Africa also apply in conjunction with those in
subsequent use of starshells/IR (SQL 49.6). Blood & Sand are used herein unless specifically stated otherwise. Blood & Sand rules
PV.8B ELIMINATION: Once a trip flare has been set off, the number of them assume the presence of the Question and Answer Errata for SQL-GIA. That Erratum is
remaining in that hex is reduced by one (or by two if the flare was set off by a vehicle not included here, but is available, in whole, and in electronic form in needed. This
and the -4 drm applied). An ORIGINAL KIA DR caused by any HE attack or FFE rulebook is an ongoing venture and may often at times be updated to correct any
Concentration eliminates all trip flares in the hex; Vs FFE only, trip flares have a morale conflicts between rules. You can find the most updated version of this rulebook in the
of 7 and must take a NMC; one trip flare in the Bombarded FFE hex is eliminated for Vassal\VSQL\Files section or on the Wargame Academy/Squad leader Academy
every multiple of one by which that MC is failed. Elimination by FFE Bombardment websites.
does not cause trip flare Illumination.

Rough Draft 3 100920

 BLOOD & SAND
THE JAPANESE
Introduction: The Japanese Military Code demanded a great deal from its men, even to the point of offering their 1.1 SQUADS: Japanese squads have a Good Order and Reduced side in addition to
lives in sacrifice for their country and Emperor. Death was always preferable to surrender. These rules reflect that
attitude, and are an addition to the original rules found in Squad leader and its gamettes: Cross of Iron, Crescendo their broken side. Unlike all the other nationalities, Japanese squads suffer a form of
of Doom, and GI: Anvil of Victory. Step-Reduction instead of -or in addition to- breaking. A Japanese squad (or HS in
Although there are differences between the play of COI-COD and GIA, the concepts are similar in regards to GIA) must first be reduced before it can become broken.
the mechanics of play when it comes to the Japanese. The only basic difference is that GIA offers one additional
step in the reduction of Japanese units (using Half-squads and ELR).
EX COI-COD: The first time a squad fails an IFT generated MC it is flipped to its
1. The Infantry: reduced side. If that now reduced unit is called upon to take and fail yet another IFT
Squads (COI-COD): generated MC it is then flipped to its broken side.
Aslt Eng Elite 1st Line 2nd Line Conscript
EX GIA: The first time a squad fails an IFT generated MC it is flipped to its reduced
side. If that now reduced unit is called upon to take and fail yet another IFT
generated MC it is then replaced by a Good-Ordered HS. If an unbroken HS fails an
IFT generated MC (EXC: 18.3 Fate, 142.311-312 Casualty & Double-Break MC's) it
Squads Corresponding Reduced Side: is then flipped to its broken side.

[GIA only ELR Note: Japanese units which fail their ELR are replaced by the next
lower quality unit (4-4-8 > 4-4-7 > 3-4-7 > 3-3-6) (EXC: Assault Engineer/Airborne
units are reduced to their 2-2-8 Half-squads before they can become broken).]
Squads Corresponding Broken Side: Japanese squads will remain in a location despite the presence of an enemy AFV
occupying such a location by passing a normal morale check (PAAMC), (e.g. they are
not placed in an adjacent hex). An unbroken Japanese squad will remain in Melee in
the location and attack that AFV during each CCPh until it is eliminated, breaks, or
the AFV is destroyed or voluntarily leaves the location. Japanese squads may attack
an enemy AFV during the MPh from ANY terrain type, including open ground if it
Crew (COI-COD): passes a PAAMC. Japanese squads may also deduct any positive TEM in addition to
Elite/1st Line 2nd Line / Conscripts any Leadership DRM from their PAAMC DR. Assault Engineers, Elite, and 1st Line
Japanese units (including crews) are considered Stealthy (Advanced Ambush, CC).
All Non-Conscript Japanese squads have the same characteristics similar to Partisans
except as noted below:

Crews Corresponding Broken Side: 1.11 Unless specified otherwise by the scenario in play, the basic infantry
movement cost (5.5) for all non-Conscript Japanese units entering a woods/jungle hex
is 1 MF per woods/jungle hex entered.

1.12 Japanese squads that are fired upon in a woods hex receive double the usual
woods/jungle Terrain Effects Modifier (+2).
Squads and Half-Squads: (GIA)
1.13 AMBUSH:  To reflect the skill of the Japanese in springing ambushes while in
Assault Engineers/Airborne Units: jungle terrain, any Close Combat attack involving Japanese units which takes place in
a woods/jungle hex (or jungle/(forest)-road hex) are not considered simultaneous.
The Japanese player is allowed to execute his Close Combat attack(s) first by
declaring an Ambush, and if successful only the survivors of the Japanese Ambush
<> <> <> may attack in return. The Japanese may declare an ambush only if the woods/jungle
ELITE: hex in which it takes place is part of a group of 3 or more contiguous woods/jungle
hexes and was advanced into directly from a woods/jungle hex of the same group of
contiguous woods/jungle hexes. To be considered contiguous, the woods hex symbol
itself must extend through three hexes without interruption. If the ambushes CC
attack ends in a melee, the Japanese ceases to have an attack-first advantage in the
<> <> <>
following turns of the melee.
FIRST LINE:
1.131 Advanced AMBUSH: Whenever one side attempts to ambush another [EXC:
1.13, 98], the ambushing side resolves all of its CC attacks in that Location first and
then only the survivors of the ambush may attack in return, until a Melee develops
<> <> <> and in the next Player Turn both sides attack simultaneously.
SECOND LINE:

<> <> <>

CONSCRIPT:

<> <> <>

Crews:
Elite /1st L 2nd L / Conscript

EX: Should an Ambush occur in a CC Location containing a vehicle, the

ambushing side gets to resolve all of its CC attacks in that Location first during
<> that CCPh. in any subsequent CCPh, the players would alternate sequential
attacks.

1.132 AMBUSH drm’s: Whenever any Infantry unit advances into CC (unless
<> reinforcing a Melee) in a woods/building Location, or with/against a concealed
unit(s), or whenever a hidden unit is placed onboard, an Ambush can conceivably
occur. Prior to declaring any CC attacks, each player makes one dr. If either player
Rough Draft 4 100920
 BLOOD & SAND
rolls at least three < the other, he has succeeded in ambushing his opponent. The side, may recombine into a Full Strength squad of the lowest quality class of the two
which has Ambush status in a CC, is entitled to a -1 DRM to its CC attacks and a +1 squads being combined.
DRM to CC attacks against it until that CC becomes a Melee in the next Player Turn.
The side with an Ambush advantage may also maintain any concealment it has in CC 1.162 LAX: A SSR may penalize certain units as Lax to reflect their generally
until it attacks without eliminating/capturing its target. The side being ambushed loses unprepared status. All Inexperienced Personnel (Conscripts, Green) are considered
all concealment it may have had. The Ambush Status dr is subject to the following Lax. A Lax unit must add +1 to its Ambush status dr.
drm even if only a portion of a player's CC force is qualified to use it.
1.2 CREWS: Crews suffer the same results as regular squads but are never
1.133 AMBUSH WITHDRAWAL: Any Infantry (unless pinned/berserk) that is strength reduced in any way.
part of a force which has qualified for Ambush has the option to decline CC
altogether, prior to CC resolution, by immediately withdrawing into an Accessible 1.3 SELF-RALLY: Japanese squads never suffer the effects of DM. During the
Adjacent Location or may withdraw from CC automatically after resolving all CC rally phase all Japanese non-conscript squads must attempt to self-rally without the
attacks by and against it, but only before Melee occurs. aid of a leader if one is not present. in order to self-rally the squad must roll its rally
number on its broken side. However, if a broken non-conscript squad attempting to
EX: A German 6-5-8 squad advances into a Location containing a concealed self-rally fails, it is reduced to the next lower quality broken squad. A broken
Russian 4-4-7 squad. The 4-4-7 does not lose its concealment yet. Both players make Conscript, may never attempt self-rally.
a dr in order to establish if an Ambush has occurred. As neither side is CX, the
Russian player has a -2 drm (for being Concealed) while the German player has no 1.4 SMC: Japanese SMC have no broken side, and cannot break voluntarily. A
drm. The German player makes an Ambush dr of 3; if the Russian player makes an Japanese SMC (including a wounded leader) who suffers a break result due to any
original Ambush dr of ≤ 2, he has Ambushed the German. The Russian player cause is instead Wounded [EXC: an already-wounded heroic SMC (including a
however, rolls an Original dr of 3, and therefore no Ambush occurs. The Russian wounded T-H Hero; 1.421) is eliminated, as is a leader who suffers a Casualty MC
player must now decide (even though the German is the ATTACKER) if his concealed (1.41)]. 5 He is flipped over to his Wounded side (unless he was already wounded) to
4-4-7 squad is going to attack in CC. If the Russian decides to attack, the 4-4-7 indicate the effects on his morale, movement, and leadership. Japanese SMC do not
immediately loses its concealment, allowing the German 6-5-8 to attack at 3-2 odds. take LLMC and do not Pin; however, any Pin result vs a concealed Japanese SMC
If the Russian decides not to attack, the German's attack would be at 3-4 (FP halved can cause the loss of his concealment.
vs a concealed unit). 3-4 rounds down to the nearest odds ratio, which is 1-2. If the Leaders:
German CC DR results in a 2 or 3, the concealed Russian squad is eliminated; if the
DR results in a 4, the 4-4-7 loses its concealment status (and if playing under GIA
rules is subsequently reduced to a HS). Any other DR result has no effect on the
concealed 4-4-7; i.e., it does not lose its concealment, nor is it locked in Melee, it is
free to leave the hex by advancing into an adjacent hex while maintaining its Leaders Corresponding Broken side:
concealment status, or it may leave the hex during its next MPh/APh (Note: If while
playing under GIA rules, it were to use Assault Movement (GIA 142.71) and/or
advance into an ADJACENT non-Open Ground Location, it would even be able to
retain its concealment status) or it may remove its concealment status and attack
during its next fire phase at TPBF vs the 6-5-8. If the 6-5-8 should survive 1.41 LEADERS: The rank structure of unwounded Japanese leaders is as follows
elimination but break while in the same hex it would be automatically taken prisoner (in descending order): 10-2, 10-1, 10-0, 9-1, 9-0, 8-1, 8-0, 7-0. A Japanese leader
(or executed if SS). who suffers a Casualty MC (original ‘12’ DR) becomes wounded and is eliminated if
already wounded. A Japanese Infantry/Cavalry leader increases the Morale Level of
1.14 Unbroken Japanese units may impart their special movement and combat all other non-berserk Japanese Infantry/Cavalry units [EXC: another leader] in his
capabilities to other friendly units providing they occupy the same hex at the instant Location by one. A Japanese leader must attempt to rally broken units in its
the capability is being utilized. Location. in addition to the Morale Level increase, a unit is also immune to DM
status while being rallied by a Japanese leader. If a MMC fails to rally under the
1.15 Whenever an armed, non-berserk, non-broken Japanese squad fails an IFT direction of a Japanese leader it is replaced by the next lower quality broken unit of its
called for MC it can either suffer strength reduction and/or become broken. If the size; if already the lowest quality, a squad suffers a strength reduction, if it is already
squad fails to pass the MC DR it suffers any or all of the following effects: strength reduced and at the lowest quality it is eliminated. See also 1.62.
o If the squad is already broken then it is eliminated.
o If the squad is non-broken and the red die of the MC DR is equal to or less 1.411 BERSERK: Should a Japanese Leader go berserk, all friendly Infantry in the
than the white die the unit becomes broken. same Location as the Leader will automatically go berserk.
o If the squad is non-broken and the red die of the MC DR is greater than
the white die the squad does not break but instead suffers strength
reduction [1.161].
o If the MC DR is an unmodified DR of ‘12’ (i.e., boxcars) the squad
suffers casualty reduction (1.16) and is broken. (See also 1.3 SELF-
RALLY)
<>
1.151 ROUT & INTERDICTION: Unlike other nationalities, Japanese units are 1.412 ARMOR LEADERS: When a Japanese Inherent crew that has not suffered a
not eliminated for failure to rout due to open ground. Instead, they are permitted to Wounded/Stun/Recall during the scenario is forced to abandon a vehicle, any armor
move thru open ground while routing, however, they can be interdicted by any non- leader who is part of that crew may immediately (but at no other time) become an
broken enemy unit within normal range (including any SW) and LOS which can make Infantry leader counter of the next-lower quality. An armor leader who becomes an
at least a 1 IFT Firepower attack. An interdiction causes the unit routing to undergo a Infantry leader cannot become an armor leader again.6
normal morale check. If it passes it may continue routing. If it fails, it is replaced by
the next lower quality squad and then may continue its rout. Only 1 interdiction may
be enforced per hex entered. A squad may interdict as many units as it can see, but
the routing squad only suffers from 1 interdiction dice roll per hex. Leaders routing
with the squad(s) may apply any leadership drm’s to the interdicted squad, including <>
its fanatic influence modifier. 1.42 HEROES: Japanese Heroes can be created via heat of battle [159.7]. in
addition, Japanese squads may create "suicide" Heroes:
1.16 CASUALTY REDUCTION: Any time a squad of any nationality rolls an
original unmodified ‘12’ during any IFT MC or rally DR, it suffers from casualty 1.421 TANK-HUNTER (T-H) HEROES: An armed, Good Order Japanese
reduction and is replaced with a squad of the next lower level. Infantry squad that:

1.161 STRENGTH REDUCTION: Whenever a Japanese squad (not crew) fails (1) in its MPh and is within eight MF of an enemy AFV in its LOS, or
an IFT MC, wherein the red die is greater than the white die, instead of becoming (2) at the start of its APh is ADJACENT to an enemy AFV in its LOS, or
broken it suffers a strength reduction by flipping the counter to its striped side. Any (3) during an enemy MPh is able to conduct a DF Immobilization attack vs an
two reduced squads of the same quality class may recombine into a Full Strength enemy AFV in its LOS, or
squad of the same quality class. Any two reduced squads of different quality classes
Rough Draft 5 100920
 BLOOD & SAND
(4) at the start of the CCPh is the DEFENDER in the same or adjacent together with a MMC merely adds one to that MMC's FP or CC Value; however, vs a
location as, vehicle, his ATMM DRM (if any) can apply to that combined attack.

an enemy AFV in its LOS, may at that time make one attempt to create a T-H Hero7 1.424 DC HERO: A unit allowed to create a T-H Hero may, if possessing a DC,
[EXC: no attempt is allowed if that MMC is marked with a Prep/Def Fire or Pin/TI make such an attempt in its own MPh provided it is within eight MF of and has a LOS
counter]. It does so by making a Final dr () of ≤ 3; cumulative drm are +1 if a HS, to any enemy unit/Gun and/or to any enemy-Controlled hex that contains a Known
+2 if a Conscript, and -2 if possessing a DC it will give to that Hero (see 1.424). An Fortification counter; being within eight MF of and having a LOS to an enemy AFV
Original 6 dr pins that MMC unless it is conducting a Banzai Charge. A T-H Hero is not required in this case. If the T-H Hero is created (the DC adds a -2 drm to this
creation attempt is a "?" Loss activity. An attempt made in the MMC's MPh costs no attempt; 1.421), that DC is automatically transferred to him and he is then termed a
MF (and hence qualifies neither it nor any resulting Hero as a target of Defensive DC Hero. A DC Hero is treated the same as a T-H Hero except as stated otherwise. A
Fire), but if it is to be made after the MMC has expended MF it must await the DC Hero may not Place/Throw a DC in the normal manner, and may not make a CC
resolution of all Defensive Fire prompted by the MMC's immediately preceding MF attack. A DC Hero must declare as his Designated Target (and hence during his MPh
expenditure. An attempt made in the CCPh must await the determination of any must Banzai Charge) the enemy unit/Gun/Fortification that allowed his creation.
possible Ambush, and the resolution of all (if any) ATTACKER Ambush attacks, in When in that Target's Location (or hex, for a pillbox) during or at the end of his MPh,
that Location. A stack of MMC may attempt to create T-H Heroes "simultaneously", he may detonate his DC at that time (and does not expend a MF as per A23.61 to
but must make individual dr; if this is done during a friendly MPh/APh, those MMC Place it), provided he has survived all Defensive First Fire allowed against him by his
who rolled "simultaneously" can then move/advance in that phase only as a stack. immediately previous MF expenditure. The DC attack is otherwise resolved as if
When a T-H Hero is created (or voluntarily loses HIP; 1.422), the AFV (or Placed [EXC: if he is above a Bank or Panji counter, see 8.212 or 9.211 respectively].
unit/Fortification; 1.424) that allowed his appearance becomes his Designated Target. See also 1.612. Any unbroken Japanese Infantry unit possessing a DC may, in lieu of
If ≥ two such targets qualify, the T-H Hero's owner must choose one of them as the placing it in the normal manner (1.612), detonate it immediately during or at the end
Designated Target. in each Player Turn, an allowed MMC can theoretically create two of its own MPh in the same manner as a DC Hero (and consequently is eliminated as
T-H Heroes; one each in the MPh and APh when it is the ATTACKER, or one each in per 1.425).
the MPh and CCPh when it is the DEFENDER. However, the total number of T-H
Heroes allowed per scenario may not exceed 10% of the number of Japanese squads 1.4241 FORTIFIED BUILDING: If a DC Hero's Designated Target is in a
(only) in the OB prior to 1943, 20% of that number in 1943, 33 % of that number in Fortified Building Location he cannot enter, while ADJACENT to that Location he
1944, and 50% of that number in 1945 (FRU in all cases). The total allowed number may expend two MF during his MPh as if attempting to enter it (or one MF if entry
of T-H Heroes yet to appear onboard is kept track of on a side note. Use a blank would be via a stairwell). If he survives all Defensive First Fire allowed by that MF
counter and Label command to note such info. expenditure, he might then immediately detonate his DC (1.424 applies) in an attempt
to create a Breach. If a building's Fortified status is unknown to a T-H Hero when he
1.422 HIP: in a 1944-45 scenario in which at least some Japanese units set up on attempts to enter it, his building-entry expenditure still qualifies him to detonate his
board, any number of T-H Heroes (up to the allowed total; 1.421) may be set up using DC in the same manner.
HIP in lieu of being created during play. A hidden T-H Hero can lose HIP
involuntarily in the normal manner, but can lose it voluntarily only at the times and in 1.425 LOSS: If not eliminated beforehand, a non-hidden T-H Hero is removed from
the circumstances in which a T-H Hero may be created during play [EXC: the play immediately upon making his CC/DC attack vs his Designated Target (even if
presence of a "creating" MMC is not required]. When his HIP is lost, all rules for T-H his DC's Effects DR is ≥ its X#). 9 If he does not make such an attack, he is removed
Heroes go into effect for him [EXC: he might be eliminated immediately; 1.425]. either at the end of the Player Turn in which he was created (or lost HIP) or, if in
Melee at that time, immediately when he is no longer in Melee. If a T-H Hero's
1.423 USE: A T-H Hero has no Hero DRM, may not possess a Gun or a SW other Designated Target is eliminated before he can reach/attack it, he is immediately
than an ATMM (1.4231) or a DC Transferred to him as per 1.424 (thus he may not eliminated. The elimination of a DC Hero also eliminates his DC. A T-H Hero who
use MOL even if his side is otherwise allowed to), may not attempt Recovery (or loses HIP status involuntarily (see 1.422) is immediately eliminated unless his HIP
Transfer except to receive a DC as per 1.424), and may not become PRC. When a T- loss occurs either during the enemy MPh and he makes an immediate Reaction Fire
H Hero is created or voluntarily loses HIP, he must immediately: attack or during a CCPh in which he is a DEFENDER in the same Location with an
enemy unit. If a hidden T-H Hero who is the only DEFENDER unit in his Location is
1. Make a Banzai Charge (1.5; see also below) at his Designated Target eliminated due to being involuntarily revealed by the entrance of his Location during
AFV, if it is the Japanese MPh; or the enemy MPh, that enemy unit/stack is not returned to its previous Location and
2. Make a CC Reaction Fire attack vs that AFV, if it is the opponent's forced to end its MPh; it remains in the (now dead) hero's Location and may continue
MPh; or its MPh if otherwise able.
3. Advance into that AFV's Location, if it is the Japanese APh; or
4. Remain in that AFV's Location, if it is the CCPh. 1.5 BANZAI CHARGE: A Banzai Charge is the Japanese version of a Human
Wave (see 1.51), and uses all rules applicable to Human Waves except as stated
During the CCPh the T-H Hero must also attempt to attack that AFV if in its otherwise. Any Good Order Japanese Infantry unit (even one SMC) may declare a
Location. Assault/Hazardous Movement being employed by the creating MMC does Banzai Charge, even if ADJACENT to an enemy unit; hence a Banzai Charge does
not apply to the T-H Hero, nor does that MMC's CX status (if any). A T-H Hero not require multiple MMC in three ADJACENT hexes. However, units in different
created during a friendly MPh by a MMC that has already expended MF has two MF hexes wishing to participate in the same Banzai Charge must still be ADJACENT to
(one MF, if that MMC is conducting a Banzai Charge) deducted from his eight-MF one other such unit in order to be part of that chain. A leader must participate in each
allotment for each MF that MMC has already expended, but conducts his Banzai- Banzai Charge that includes ≥ one MMC. [EXC to all: a T-H Hero who is created (or
Charge MPh before that MMC continues its MPh. While he is doing so, that MMC voluntarily loses HIP) in a Japanese MPh must make his own Banzai Charge as per
and all other units moving with it as a stack/Impulse are temporarily considered non- 1.423]. Mark each unit that is participating in the Banzai with a "Banzai" marker,
moving [EXC: they can still be affected by new Spraying Fire, Fire Lane and Aerial which have been provided for player convenience. Each unit/stack that performs a
attacks directed at a T-H Hero but also hitting their Location, and their current Banzai Charge is then marked as LAX (see 1.6) at the end of its MPh if it is in (or
movement status would apply. A vehicle may not make a Motion Attempt based on a able to advance into) an enemy-occupied Location. Flip the “Banzai” markers to
T-H Hero's MF expenditure. A T-H Hero making a Banzai Charge does not have his reflect the unit(s) as being LAX.
Morale Level increased by one, and must move individually (i.e., as part of neither a
stack nor a multi-unit Impulse). During his Charge he may enter an enemy occupied 1.51 HUMAN WAVE (HW): Human Wave attacks may only be conducted by
hex only if it contains his Designated Target or is ADJACENT to that Target. A T-H Russians, Japanese, and Chinese nationalities. The ATTACKER may declare a HW
Hero who is in his Designated Target's Location during his MPh may make a CC attack during his MPh by selecting ≥ 1 participating MMC (and an average of at least
attack vs it at that time, provided he has survived all Defensive First Fire allowed two MMC per hex) from each hex of a chain of three or more adjacent contiguous
against him by his immediately previous MF expenditure; that Location is then hexes, as well as ≥ 1 leader from any of these hexes. All the participating units must
marked with a CC counter. A T-H Hero who is ADJACENT to his Designated Target be in a contiguous chain of ADJACENT Locations, must be in Good Order, free to
at the start of his APh must advance into that Target's Location if able to do so. move, and cannot have started their MPh yet. No unit in the HW chain can be
guarding prisoners, a passenger/crew, or ADJACENT-to or in-the-same-hex-as an
1.4231 CC & ATMM: A T-H Hero has one FP, which is usable only in CC vs enemy unit [EXC: 1.5]. At least one unit in the HW chain must have a LOS to an
Personnel (hence for rout and Interdiction purposes he is Unarmed and has no Normal enemy unit (ie the ‘target') within eight hexes, which the chain will move towards to
Range), and has a CC Value of 5. in addition, before making his CC attack he may during that MPh. The units participating in the HW are termed HW Units; they lose
roll for an ATMM:8 a Final dr of ≤ 3 succeeds; however, an Original 6 dr does not pin any concealment and are exempt from PAAMC, and any pin/LLMC results [EXC:
him (1.4). The only possible drm is a +1, which applies if the scenario is pre-1944. No Wounded SMC, Collapsed huts (5.5)] while they are part of the HW; for the
other Japanese unit may roll for an ATMM. A T-H Hero attacking/defending remainder of that Player Turn they have their Morale Level increased by one.

Rough Draft 6 100920

 BLOOD & SAND
Location entered contains one enemy SMC only, Infantry OVR (4.15) is automatic
without a NMC and with normal (non-doubled) MF cost, and the SMC cannot move
to another Location. If the Location contains unarmed enemy units, 19.12 and/or
20.54 apply at the end of the Impulse.

1.517 ENDING THE HUMAN WAVE: A unit remains a HW Unit (even if no

longer adjacent to another HW Unit) until it is: eliminated; broken; out of MF at the
end of an Impulse; at the start of an Impulse in a Location (or in a hex with a pillbox)
containing an armed, known enemy unit; or is a Guard due to capturing a
SMC/Unarmed/Broken unit. When there are no HW Units left or no HW Unit is able
to enter a new Location, the HW ends. A unit that has been part of a HW may use
Advancing Fire and/or Advance if otherwise able to [EXC: if in a Location containing
a Known enemy unit it is marked with a CC counter (or a Melee counter, as
1.511 DIRECTION: The ATTACKER must choose a Hex Grain or alternate Hex appropriate; 4.152) and cannot advance out of that Location as long as that CC/Melee
Grain that includes the target enemy unit and that is as close as possible to a HW Unit continues].
that has LOS to, and is within eight hexes of, the target enemy unit. This HW
(alternate) Hex Grain should be marked with HW Direction counters. The direction
along the HW (alternate) Hex Grain towards, and beyond, the target enemy unit is the
HW Direction [EXC: a unit conducting a Banzai Charge (1.5) against an enemy unit
in the same hex cannot be used to establish the HW Direction; if no other unit can
establish the HW Direction, then only units in the hex may participate in the Banzai
Charge].

1.512 FORWARD AND SIDE LOCATIONS: During the HW, two or three of the
hexes adjacent to a HW Unit are considered forward hexes. Given a normal HW Hex
Grain, the hex adjacent to a HW unit in the HW Direction is a forward hex, as are the
two hexes adjacent to both this hex and the HW unit. Given an alternate HW Hex
Grain, the two adjacent hexes in the HW Direction are forward hexes, and the two
hexes adjacent to the HW unit and one of the forward hexes are side hexes. The
Locations in forward hexes that are ADJACENT to the HW Unit are Forward
Locations and the Locations in side hexes that are ADJACENT to the HW Unit are
Side Locations.

1.513 MOVEMENT: All HW Units have 8 MF [EXC: a wounded SMC has 3 MF] EX: The Russian has just declared a Human Wave attack using the enemy units in
(which can never be increased) and can enter enemy-occupied Locations, but cannot O3 for determining the direction. He must now choose a (alternate) Hex Grain that
carry more than their IPC. All HW Units must move to a new Location as a multi- includes O3 and is as close to a HW Unit as possible. Possible (alternate) Hex Grains
hex stack before any may make a new MF expenditure. This fractional part of the HW are: O1-O2-O3-O4; P1-O2-O3-N3; P1-P2-O3-O4; Q2-P2-O3-N3; and R2-Q3-P2-
Units' MPh is called an Impulse. For each Impulse, all HW Units expend the same O3... which all have a range of 0 to a HW Unit. He chooses P1-P2-O3-O4.... by
number of MF as the HW Unit which expends the most MF that Impulse [EXC: if a marking it with HW Direction counters. During the Human Wave, a unit's forward
wounded SMC has enough MF to enter the next Location, but not as many MF as are hexes will be the hexes that share hexsides 4 and 5 (see AR counter) with the unit's
being expended by the rest of the HW that Impulse, it instead expends its remaining current hex, and its side hexes will be the hexes that share hexsides 3 and 6 with the
MF to enter the new Location as if it were making a Minimum Move (4.134)—i.e., it current hex (i.e., a HW Unit in P2 will have O3 and P3 as forward hexes and O2 and
becomes pinned and CX—even if it already entered a new Location this MPh]. 32 For Q3 as side hexes). If instead the non-alternate Hex Grain Q2-P2-O3-N3... had been
each Impulse, each HW Unit must (if possible) do one of the following and cannot chosen, a unit's forward hexes would be the hexes that share hexsides 4, 5 and 6, and
expend MF for any other reason: move to a Forward Location; move to a Side there would be no side hexes (i.e., a HW Unit in P2 would have O2, O3, P3 as
Location that contains an enemy unit; move up or down in a building while moving forward hexes).
closer to the Ground Level and/or an enemy unit in that hex; move beneath
Panji/Wire (with individual Exit dr for each HW unit); move above an in his first Impulse the Russian moves all elements of the chain forward one hex (as
Entrenchment/pillbox counter; move below an Entrenchment counter containing an shown in Illustration 1), at a total cost of two MF (because the units in Q2 and R2
enemy unit; move below an Entrenchment counter or into Crest status if lacking had to cross a hedge). The units that entered N1 and O2 are marked with a Range
sufficient MF to enter a new Location. Any Panji/Wire/Entrenchment movement may counter (1.514) since they increased the range to the HW alternate Hex Grain and
be in addition to entering a new Location during an Impulse. Prior to, and at the end must decrease the range before they can increase it again. Movement and Defensive
of, each Impulse (after all Defensive First Fire) a unit may perform any legal action Fire is simultaneous and therefore all Defensive Fire must be conducted at once
that costs no MF (e.g., dropping a SW). before any further movement may be made. Counters participating in a HW may not
be ‘backed-up’ during the remaining DFPh. The German MMG attacks O2 with 8
1.514 RANGE: If a HW Unit increases its Range to the HW (alternate) Hex Grain FP (PBF) and its MG penetration attacks N1 with 4 FP, each target also suffers –2
(1.511)—i.e., to the closest hex of that Hex Grain—it must be marked with a Range DRM for MOG penalty. It rolls an Original 10, which results in a NE vs. N1, but
counter. As long as it is so marked, it cannot again increase the range to the (alternate) results in a NMC vs. O2. The two Russian 4-4-7 squads roll for NMC (their morale
Hex Grain. The Range counter is removed as soon as the HW Unit decreases the level is increased while in a HW), the first rolls a 4 and passes while the second rolls
range in a later Impulse (or at the end of the MPh). a 9 and fails and is marked with a DM counter. The 4-6-7 is then marked with a Def
Fire counter. The 4-6-7 squad now fires its Inherent Firepower at P2 using PBF,
1.5141 A HW Unit may enter neither a Location that it left in a prior Impulse that which is being directed by the 8-1 Leader. The attack is an 8 FP (for PBF) with a -3
MPh nor a Location ADJACENT to such a Location. If the HW Unit is unable to DRM. The Original DR is an 8, resulting in 1MC. The Russian player rolls a 9 for
move to a new Location, it must spend its remaining Impulses in its current Location. the leader, breaks and now no longer has its Morale Level increased. One squad
rolls ≤ 7 and is unaffected. The second rolls > 7 and fails. They need not take a
1.515 DEFENSIVE FIRE: Minefield/OBA/Residual FP attacks in the Location LLMC because they are part of a Human Wave (which is immune to Pin/LLMC
that is being left are resolved immediately as each HW Unit moves, while such results).
attacks in the Location being entered are resolved after all HW Units have finished
moving that Impulse. The DEFENDER can then Defensive Fire on any Location(s)
presently occupied by HW Units before the Impulse ends.

1.516 ENEMY UNITS: If a Forward Location enterable by a HW Unit is devoid of

armed, friendly units and contains an armed, Known, enemy unit, the HW Unit must
move to that Location, or to another Accessible Location that contains either a Known
enemy unit or a pillbox occupied by such a unit. Once any HW Unit enters such a
Location during an Impulse, the Location is no longer devoid of friendly units, freeing
other HW Units from the requirement to enter that Location during that Impulse.
Upon entry of an enemy-occupied Location, mark all units with a CC counter. If a

Rough Draft 7 100920

 BLOOD & SAND
Mines tied together and pulled across a road while a vehicle is passing. These mines
can be placed at any time during an enemy MPh (even as an enemy vehicle enters the
placement hex), or during a friendly fire phase of the owner's Player Turn, by an
unpinned Good Order Infantry unit possessing that Daisy Chain counter in an
ADJACENT hex. Such placement is noted on paper, and not revealed to the opponent
until one of his Good Order units has a LOS to the hex containing the Daisy Chain. If
the placement is announced immediately after a vehicle expends MP to enter (or
change VCA within) the placement hex, the placer then immediately rolls as per
1.6132. A Daisy Chain A-T minefield can attack only once; thereafter it ceases to
exist. Any Daisy Chain counter, which has not yet attacked, can be recovered like any
other SW. Placement of a Daisy Chain does not cause loss of concealment, but
otherwise is considered use of a SW. The portage cost of a Daisy Chain is one PP per
A-T mine factor. All other mine rules apply normally.

in the second Impulse at least one of the HW Units in O2 or P2 must now enter O3. 1.6132 The Daisy Chain A-T Mine attacks on the 36+ column of the IFT. No TEM
The Russian moves all unbroken units forward as shown. Since the 4-4-7 in P2 enters are applicable. Vs an AFV any KIA results in elimination with a KIA of 4 or better
O3, the unbroken 4-4-7 in O2 is now free from the restriction of 1.516 and it may resulting in a Burning Wreck, and any #MC result causes Immobilization. The
instead move to N2, which it does, while the broken squad remains where it is. Of the corresponding AFV's lowest hull AF is used as an IFT positive DRM for KIA
units that were marked with Range counters in N1 during the first Impulse, the two 4- purposes only. Versus an unarmored vehicle, elimination is automatic, but a Burning
4-7’s in N1 can remove their Range counters since they now decrease the range, Wreck applies only on a Final DR of ≤ 7 (i.e., ≤ KIA). Random Immobilization does
while the 4-4-7 that enters N2 from O2 does not and must keep its Range counter. not apply. An A-T Mine detonation has no effect on Personnel in the same hex other
than PRC of the same vehicle who must roll for survival normally if the vehicle is
It is now the Russian third Impulse; the Russian units currently in O3 now end their eliminated, and Passengers/Riders who are attacked Collaterally with halved FP (i.e.,
MPh and may move no farther (1.517), (and a CC counter is now placed on all the 16) on the IFT if the vehicle is immobilized. An A-T Mine attack does not reduce the
units in O3), but the Russians in N2 and P3 must continue the Human Wave. The number of A-T Mine factors in the hex.
units in P3 can enter O3 (since it is a Side Location containing enemy units) or the
Forward Locations O4 or P4. The three 4-4-7 in N2 can enter the Side Location O3 1.62 MORALE: Japanese are exempt from taking a PAAMC during CC/DFPh.
or the Forward Locations M3 or N3, but will be marked with a Range counter if They do not surrender in the RtPh. Unbroken Japanese units are immune from any
entering M3. From N3 it will be able to enter M4 or N4. LLMC. If while in a pillbox and a '2' is rolled before applying any DRM's due to any
IFT attack they become “Battle Hardened”, and are replaced by the next higher unit
1.6 MISCELLANEOUS: Good Order Elite and 1st-Line Japanese Infantry type if available. If already Elite, they become Fanatic. Japanese cannot create
(including crews) are Stealthy, while Conscripts are Lax [EXC: all Japanese Infantry leaders.
that make a Banzai Charge are Lax for the rest of that Player Turn]. A SSR may
penalize certain units as being Lax to reflect their generally unprepared status. All 1.621 NO-QUARTER/PRISONERS: in scenarios set in/after 6/42, No Quarter is
Inexperienced Personnel and Conscripts are considered Lax. A Lax unit must add +1 always in effect; this applies to both the Japanese and their opponents. Japanese may
to its Ambush status dr. conduct Massacres, but if taken prisoner themselves will not attempt Escape. A non-
Russian Interrogating a Japanese MMC in a 1944-45 scenario may add a -1 DRM to
1.61 ORDNANCE & OBA: Japanese ordnance uses black TH numbers unless his Interrogation DR. See also 1.641.
captured. Japanese OBA achieves an Accuracy dr of 1.
1.622 BATTLEFIELD INTEGRITY: If used, Battlefield Integrity applies
1.611 MMG/HMG/ATR: A captured Japanese ATR/MMG/HMG (including .50- unchanged.
cal) SW being fired by a non-Japanese squad/HS has its B# and Multiple ROF
lowered by one. 1.631 The Japanese player in a daytime scenario may always use HIP for = 10%
(FRU) of the MMC squad-equivalents in his onboard-setup OB and any SMC/SW
EX: A Japanese ATR being fired by a U.S. Squad is subject to normal Captured use [EXC: DC Hero; 1.424] that set(s) up stacked with them. in a night scenario the
penalties. Japanese player may always use HIP for = 25% of his MMC squad-equivalents that
set up onboard, even if he is not the Scenario Defender—and if he is the Scenario
1.612 DC: If otherwise able and allowed to, Japanese [EXC: DC Hero; see 1.424] Defender he also receives Dummy counters equal to the number of MMC squad
may Place/Throw, DC into their own Location. DC Placed in the normal manner but equivalents in his OB. These HIP capabilities are in addition to HIP granted for any
in its possessor's own Location can attack only enemy/Melee units and other reason(s).
terrain/Fortifications. Any DC attack (including MPh detonation; 1.424) made vs an
AFV in the same Location, as the unit possessing that DC requires a Target Facing dr
and a POSITION DR.

1.632 PILLBOX: A pillbox set up in Concealment Terrain by the Japanese player

may always use HIP, and is revealed as if it were set up in jungle. The use of HIP
includes the pillbox's occupant(s), and is in addition to the percentage of units
1.6121 A-T SET DC: During his onboard setup for a 1945 scenario vs other than
otherwise allowed to use HIP. Whenever the Japanese player sets up a pillbox he also
Russians, the Japanese player may set up = 25% (FRU) of the DC in his OB
receives the use of a tunnel (GIA 161.6), which has that pillbox as one of its
unpossessed in paved/unpaved road [EXC: bridge] Locations. Such DC are termed A-
entrances. He cannot use the tunnel (i.e., it does not exist) if it does not otherwise
T Set DC, 10 and are treated as normal Set DC except as stated otherwise. An A-T Set
meet its standard "setup" requirements (all tunnel rules [161.6-.66] apply in the
DC always uses HIP, even if its road Location contains no Concealment Terrain. An
normal manner), and he always has the option of secretly recording that it does not
A-T Set DC is never revealed by enemy LOS, but is eliminated by OBA as per A9.74
exist. A Japanese unit in a pillbox may move through its tunnel even if an enemy unit
or when the enemy searches its Location. It may be detonated only by the one
is in the pillbox's hex. More than one tunnel may connect to the same Location.
Infantry unit (even a hidden T-H Hero) predesignated on paper during setup as
allowed to do so; detonating it is not a "?"-Loss activity. An A-T Set DC may be
1.64 Hand-to-Hand CC: Whenever ≥ one unbroken Japanese Infantry/Cavalry unit
detonated only as Defensive First Fire, and only as a vehicle enters its Location using
is the ATTACKER in CC/Melee or Ambushes the enemy in CC, that CC/Melee
the road. If the DC successfully detonates, the vehicle becomes a Blazing Wreck (or,
automatically becomes Hand-to-Hand unless every such Japanese unit participating in
if it has no Wreck side, is simply eliminated with no PRC survival); if Infantry are
it was Ambushed in that phase and/or is pinned. However, Hand-to-Hand CC can
using Armored Assault with it they are considered attacked by a normal Set DC. Once
never be used by/vs any vehicle(s)/PRC/pillbox-occupant(s). Each Japanese Hand-to-
set up, an A-T Set DC cannot be recovered.
Hand CC attack receives an extra -1 DRM unless every Japanese Infantry/Cavalry
unit participating in that attack is pinned/Unarmed.11 A Reduced-Strength Japanese
1.613 DAISY CHAIN: Prior to his setup, the Japanese player may always convert
unit retains its Full-Strength CCV. See also 1.62.
any/all available A-T mine factors to Daisy Chains.
1.641 HARA-KARI: Immediately prior to resolving a CC Capture Attempt vs a
1.6131 A SSR may allow a certain number of A-T Mine factors to be placed across
Japanese Personnel unit, that Japanese unit—even if it had declared a CC attack (but
a road during the enemy MPh as a Daisy Chain. A Daisy Chain is a number of A-T
Rough Draft 8 100920
 BLOOD & SAND
not if it has already made that attack)—may attempt to eliminate itself. If 2.1 Whenever PTO Terrain is in effect, all woods become jungle. If
berserk/heroic it may automatically eliminate itself. Otherwise it must pass a NMC, not defined as Light, the jungle is considered Dense (2.2). The term
to which the following DRM can apply: -2 if it is defending together with another "jungle" by itself refers collectively to both types. Jungle is treated as
SMC that has just eliminated itself; -1 if it is Inexperienced; +1 if it is Unarmed. If a woods except as stated otherwise. Jungle is a two-level obstacle. If
SMC and MMC (or two SMC) are defending together, the best SMC must attempt (or jungle is in effect for a DYO scenario but its type is not specified/agreed-upon, make
commit) Hara-Kari first; for this purpose, all heroic types are considered equal (and a dr prior to setup. If the dr is 3 use light jungle; otherwise use dense.
better than any non-heroic unit type). The opponent does receive Casualty VP for
2.2 DENSE JUNGLE: A dense-jungle hex has a +2 TEM.
each unit eliminated by Hara-Kari [EXC: non-leader Hero; 1.65]. If a unit attempting
Infantry/Cavalry stacking limits are reduced to two (Overstacking can
Hara-Kari fails its NMC, it may not make a CC attack in that phase and that Capture
still occur) in dense-jungle hexes that do not contain a road/building.
attempt vs it receives an additional -1 DRM (maximum of one such DRM per Capture
A dense-jungle hex is Inherent Terrain, thus blocking LOS along its
attempt).
hexsides [EXC: same-level LOS may be drawn along any such hexside that is
completely clear of land terrain (e.g., a hexside pond, or river hexside, that has no
1.65 VP: The opponent does not gain Casualty VP when a Japanese squad or
land terrain touching that hexside); such hexsides are not part of the dense-jungle
infantry-crew is reduced, nor when a reduced infantry-crew is exchanged for a broken
Inherent Terrain]. A non-ADJACENT ground unit at a different level than that of a
vehicle-crew. An eliminated Japanese leader grants Casualty VP as per its currently
dense-jungle road hex's Base Level can have a LOS to/through that hex via its road
face-up side. An eliminated Japanese hero of any type [EXC: heroic leader] grants no
portion only if that LOS is along a Continuous Slope. An Aerial unit has no LOS to
Casualty VP. See also 1.641.
any non-Aerial (including the in-hex road) portion of a dense-jungle hex. Reciprocity
applies.
1.66 DYO: For leadership quality, use 9-0 (instead of 8-0) leaders as the basis for
the Japanese OB, and an 8-0 for each 7-0 normally allotted. The specially allowed 2.21 ENTRY: Normal woods entry costs (including those for path/TB if applicable)
uses of HIP (1.422; 1.631-.632) cost no purchase points. Generally, Japanese apply to entering dense jungle.12 However, horses may be "led" into a dense-jungle
Conscripts should appear in a scenario OB only to represent normally non-combatant Location only if using a road, path or TB, while Cavalry may enter only if using a
(e.g., base and construction) Japanese troops. Japan's allies, such as the Indian road or path (see also 2.4). The only vehicles that may enter a dense-jungle Location
National Army or Chinese "puppet" troops, should be represented by Axis Minor without using a road/TB are fully tracked AFV [EXC: tankettes and Carriers are NA]
units (which for the most part should be Conscripts) and rules, and are not considered and dozers. These vehicles can also create TB in dense jungle (see also 2.211).
Japanese for any purpose.
2.211 BOG: A vehicle is required to take a Bog Check upon entering or changing its
1.661 AFV: The BPV (prior to any addition for optional armament) of each AFV VCA in dense jungle, a +2 DRM must be added to its Bog DR [EXC: this DRM does
purchased by the Japanese player for a 1944-45 scenario is halved (FRU) if that AFV not apply to a dozer that declared it was dozing and then entered dense jungle by
will be set up beneath a separately purchased Trench counter. spending its entire printed MP allotment other than any for changing-VCA; nor does
it apply to a dozer that changes VCA while dozing in dense jungle].
1.662 OBA: The final cost of a Japanese Bombardment is further increased by 50% EX: An M4 Sherman tank that enters dense jungle by expending half of its printed
(FRU), as is the final cost of each Japanese OBA battery that will have Creeping allotment while not using a road or TB receives a +6 Bog DRM (+3 [entry using half
Barrage capability. its MP allotment] + 2 [dense jungle] + 1 [normal ground pressure] = +6). If it
instead enters it by expending its entire MP allotment it will receive a +3 Bog DRM
1.6621 AIR SUPPORT: Japanese Air Support availability is determined by SSR. (+2 [dense jungle] + 1 [normal ground pressure] = +3). If the Sherman were a
When available the Japanese may roll randomly to determine the number of Aircraft tankdozer, entry by expending its entire MP allotment would incur the same total +3
in the form of Fighters/Bombers or both. Japanese Observation Planes may be used Bog DRM unless its owner had first declared that it would doze, in which case the +2
only for OBA of 100mm, and their availability is 1937-43 inclusive. dense-jungle DRM would not apply. Nor would that +2 DRM apply if the dozer
1.6622 in any scenario where the Japanese player is given the possibility of air changed VCA in dense jungle, provided again that its owner had first declared it to be
support he rolls one die during the initial Rally Phase of each game turn. If he rolls a dozing. in all cases, a partial TB would be placed in the dense-jungle hex when (and
“1” he receives air support anytime during the current game turn. Once he has from the hexside across which) the tankdozer entered, but that TB would be removed
received air support he may not continue to roll for additional air support in later if the vehicle then bogged.
turns. 2.212 BYPASS: Bypass is NA in a dense-jungle hex [EXC: an amphibious vehicle
1.6623 Once air support has been rolled, the Japanese player rolls one die again to may use VBM along a water hexside (as defined in 2.2) by expending one amphibious
determine the number of aircraft attacking as per the following table: MP].
2.213 AERIAL: Even a 1/2" parachute must take a Landing MC using a Morale
Die Roll Aircraft Level of 7 when it lands in dense jungle. Any chute that fails its Landing MC in dense
1 3 jungle is eliminated (along with its contents).
2-4 2
2.22 STRAYING: in a daytime scenario, a non-subterranean Infantry unit/stack
5, 6 1
that in its MPh is in an Interior dense-jungle hex (i.e., a woods hex adjacent to six
other woods/brush/marsh hexes) and wishes to move to a new hex must make a
Movement DR (and hence possibly a Straying DR as well) unless it has already done
1.66231 Once the number of Aircraft is determined he rolls again on the same table so in its current MPh, is conducting a Banzai Charge (1.5), or is/contains a unit
to determine how many are carrying bombs aboard. defined as a Partisan. A Strayer instead becomes TI if the ADJACENT Location it
1.6624 Zeroes have an unlimited movement capability and a clear LOS to any hex must enter next is not a jungle/bamboo hex.
on the board (Exception: the lower level of multi-level buildings). Zeroes, however,
2.23 FIRE GROUP: A unit in dense jungle has restricted FG capabilities.
may not attack units in Jungle (ie woods), Jungle-roads (same as forest-roads), or
Palm Trees (same as Orchards 118), nor may any ground units in those hexes fire at 2.24 MORTAR: No mortar may fire from a dense-jungle (including such a jungle-
Zeroes. Zeroes may move into attack position during any friendly Prep or Defensive road) hex.13
Fire Phase at no penalty to their attack capability. Normal rules for Air-Support [139]
apply. 2.3 NIGHT: No LOS exists at night between adjacent dense-jungle hexes except
due to Illumination/Gunflash. Neither starshells nor IR can illuminate the non-Aerial
1.663 FORTIFICATIONS: The BPV of each "?", trench (excluding A-T ditch), portion of a jungle hex [EXC: they can Illuminate the Bypass area of light jungle
pillbox and tunnel purchased by the Japanese side is halved (FRU). The halved hexes in which FIRES/FLAME: (A Fire or Flame Illuminates only its own Location)
pillbox cost includes its Inherent tunnel (1.632), even if that tunnel is not used. The does not apply].
BPV of all wire and all mine factors [EXC: A-T factors used as Daisy Chains] 2.4 CAVALRY: Cavalry may Gallop in jungle only along a road, and may not
purchased by the Japanese side is increased by 50% (FRU). Charge in a jungle hex.
1.664 PARATROOPERS: Japanese paratroopers are represented by either 5-3-8 2.5 FIRE: The Kindling and Spread numbers for jungle are "12".
Assault Engineers or 4-4-8 Elite MMCs and may not be purchased prior to 1942. 2.6 SHELLHOLES: Shellholes can occur in jungle, in which case the jungle
Japanese paratroopers retain possession of (i.e., drop with, as Inherent contents of a terrain (and any Flame/Blaze already in it) is considered to no longer exist at all.
5/8" parachute) LMG and light mortars. Japanese 1/2" parachutes may not drop as
part of 5/8" parachute Sticks; instead, they must drop in separate Wings (of five 2.7 CLEARANCE: At the end of the CCPh, one armed MMC in each
Sticks each), with each Stick composed of one or two 1/2" parachutes. jungle/bamboo Location may make a Clearance DR in an attempt to Clear (i.e.,
create) a Path, provided that during the previous MPh/DFPh (whichever came last) it
2. JUNGLE
Rough Draft 9 100920
 BLOOD & SAND
became TI in a declared attempt to do so. However, a unit may not make (or modify) woods.
a Path Clearance DR while pinned, entrenched, PRC, possessing > its IPC or any 5/8"
3.8 MISCELLANEOUS: Special rules for FG, Ambush, and trip flares apply in
counter, in Crest status, in a hex with a non-captured Known enemy unit, in a
bamboo; see 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 respectively.
wire/building/minefield Location, above a Panji counter (9.71), not in Good Order,
and/or not TI for path Clearance purposes; nor may it do so if during the current
Player Turn it has fired, directed fire, been marked for Opportunity Fire or expended
MF. A unit is Lax and subject to Hazardous Movement while TI for path Clearance. 4. PALM TREES
The only DRM possible for a Path Clearance DR is +x for Labor Status, +y for 4.1 Whenever PTO Terrain is in effect, all orchard hexes become
leadership, +1 if CX, +1 if the hex is bamboo, and -1 if the hex is light jungle. If the palm tree hexes15. Each Palm Tree hex is treated as a normal Orchard
Clearance DR is successful, a Path counter is placed in the MMC's hex connecting hex except as stated otherwise. Palm trees are always in season, and
any two of its hexsides. A Path counter is removed only when its Location contains a their Kindling and Spread numbers are "11". AFV Riders are allowed
Shellhole/Rubble counter or Terrain Blaze. All paths in the same hex are assumed to in palm tree hexes.
connect to each other, and to all roads/TB, in that hex. A Path counter is equivalent to
a printed path in all respects.
2.8 MISCELLANEOUS: Special rules for Fortification HIP, Detection, Recovery 5. HUTS
and Ambush apply in jungle; see 2 (Jungle), 4 (Palm Trees), 5 (Huts), and 6 (Kanai)
respectively.
3. BAMBOO
3.1 Whenever PTO Terrain is in effect, all brush becomes bamboo. Bamboo is
treated as dense jungle except as stated otherwise. 5.1 Whenever PTO Terrain is in effect, each wooden Single Story House (i.e. All
single hex buildings which do not contain a staircase symbol are considered one level
3.11 BROKEN UNITS: A broken unit may claim a -1 Rally DRM in bamboo only obstacles to LOS) whose hex contains two separate buildings within the hex, [EX:
if in a pillbox. A broken unit is not required to rout to the nearest bamboo hex. hex 4S2 & 37O7] but no partial building depiction, becomes a hut. Except as stated
otherwise, huts are treated as wooden Single Story Houses (unless Collapsed; 5.51)
3.2 ENTRY: Infantry may enter bamboo only via “Minimum Move” (see 3.21)
and all huts in the same hex are considered one hut for rules purposes.
during the MPh, or during the APh via “vs Difficult Terrain” (see 3.211). Infantry
may "lead" horses into/out-of bamboo only along a path/TB, and Cavalry may EX: If PTO Terrain is in effect, 32E3 becomes a hut hex but the other building hexes
enter/exit bamboo only along a path. Manhandling into bamboo is NA except along a do not. The small outbuilding in D1 can never be a hut, because that hex also contains
TB. For Defensive Fire purposes, the number of MF considered expended during a the partial overhead depiction of another building.
Minimum Move into bamboo equals the unit's printed (or Inherent) MF allotment plus
one (or plus two, at night). 5.2 LOS: A hut is a one-level +1 LOS Hindrance like an out-of-season orchard, but
only if the LOS crosses one building depiction in that hex and the hut is not Collapsed
3.21 MINIMUM MOVE: An Infantry unit retaining at least one MF after [5.5]. However, a hut (whether Collapsed or not) can thusly Hinder LOS/LOF even to
deducting for portage costs exceeding its IPC, may declare a Minimum Move of one a unit Bypassing in that hut's Location unless the viewing/firing unit is also in that
hex during its MPh, even if CX or lacking the MF to pay the full entry cost of the hex same Location and is not in Bypass. For a Collapsed hut see also 5.51. A hut is never
[EXC: Infantry pushing a Gun or loading/unloading may never make a Minimum a LOS obstacle.
Move]. After a unit has entered a hex by Minimum Move and undergone all
Defensive Fie, all unbroken survivors become both pinned {GIA 142.6 if used} and 5.3 TEM: A hut has a +1 TEM unless it is Collapsed. A hut may not be Fortified.
CX (even if CX previously). If the entry cost of a hex is defined as "all" of a unit's 5.31 HEAT: A hut is not considered a building vs HEAT ammunition. However, if
MF and there is still yet another cost to be paid beyond that, a Minimum Move can playing under GIA rules, firing HEAT at a vehicle/Gun in a non-Collapsed hut, its
still be made. However, a Minimum Move cannot be made to enter terrain whose TEM still applies for TH purposes.
entrance cost is listed as NA (Not Allowed). in any case, the unit is considered to
have spent the actual MF cost of entry.] 5.32 BOMBARDMENT/FFE attacks: A hut has a Morale Level of 7 vs any FFE
Bombardment, and Collapses if it fails such a MC. in addition, a Flame is placed in
3.211 vs. DIFFICULT TERRAIN: An advance into any hex whose MF cost the hex if the Original Bombardment MC DR is ≥ 10.
(excluding SMOKE) is ≥ four MF or all of a unit's available non-Double Time MF
allotment (whichever is less) may not be made if the unit is already CX [EXC: 5.4 AFV/DOZER ENTRY: Any Mobile AFV neither using VBM nor carrying a
Climbing, Deep Stream Entry]; otherwise it may advance but becomes CX in the Rider(s) may enter a non-Collapsed hut, but only if it is BU and not Recalled. Such
process. in no case may a unit advance if it retains no MF after deducting for portage entry costs are ½ the normal entry to enter a wooden building hex and does not cause
costs. a building-entry Immobilization dr, nor incurs any risk of falling into a cellar, and
automatically Collapses that hut before Defensive Fire ensues. A Mobile dozer
[EX: A squad carrying five PP has only two MF and therefore must become CX to (whether armored or not) may enter a hut in the same manner as an AFV [EXC: the
advance into a hex requiring two MF to enter during the MPh (unless it is dozer need not be BU], and with the same ensuing effects/results [EXC: it never takes
accompanied by a leader who adds two MF and one IPC to the squad; thereby the PTC mandated by 5.5 for an AFV]. For entry of a Collapsed hut see 5.51.
leaving it with five MF)]
5.41 SETUP: Any AFV may set up in a hut, but that hut will immediately Collapse
3.22 STRAYING: Straying can occur in an Interior bamboo hex (i.e., a brush hex if the FV exits it or changes any CA while in it.
adjacent to six other woods/brush/marsh hexes) as per 2.22.
5.42 VBM & OVR: A hut, whether Collapsed or not, may be Bypassed in the same
3.3 LOS/TEM: Bamboo is a one-level obstacle and normally has a +1 TEM. manner as a building, but must be entered in non-VBM fashion by any vehicle that
However, its TEM is -1 for any DC, Bombardment, or ordnance/OBA HE attack vs wishes to OVR it/its-occupants.
an unarmored target in it. [EXC: not for any type of HE Equivalency or Specific
Collateral Attack, nor vs a Partially Armored AFV]. The FP of any HE or MTR 5.43 AERIAL: A hut provides a +1 Crash drm vs a glider, but does not cause a
attack is increased by one column and also receives a -1 TEM for Air Bursts (109.6) NMC to a 5 /8" parachute, that lands in its Location. A glider that lands in a non-
on the IFT vs targets in a Bamboo hex. Collapsed hut Location causes that hut to Collapse.

3.4 GUN: A Gun set up in bamboo is never considered Emplaced, but may still use 5.5 COLLAPSE: A hut cannot be rubbled. However, any KIA caused by a DC or
HIP as per unless otherwise prohibited. A non-vehicular Direct-Fire Gun (5/8” HE attack [EXC: any Collateral/Residual FP attack; an attack using the Vehicle
counters) may not both change CA and fire in the same fire phase while within a Target Type] vs a non-Collapsed hut Location (even vs a Bypassing unit therein)
Bamboo hex. causes it to Collapse after fully resolving that attack vs all occupants of that Location.
A non-Collapsed hut also Collapses due to AFV/glider entry/CA-change (5.4-.43) or
3.5 FORTIFICATIONS: Neither wire nor entrenchments may be placed in when it becomes Blazing (5.6). Place a Collapsed counter on such a hut. Every (even
bamboo, but pillboxes/mines or Panji (9.) may. See also 2 for HIP. a friendly/heroic/broken/berserk/Japanese-SMC) Infantry unit occupying a hut when
3.6 FIRE: The Kindling (102.2) and Spreading numbers (102.4 & 59.4) for bamboo it Collapses must take a separate PTC (Pinned-Task-Check), as must the Inherent
are "10". However, the applicable EC DRM (102.2-102.4) is doubled when checking crew (only) of an AFV [EXC: dozer; 5.4] that enters or changes CA in a hut thereby
causing its Collapse. Every unit (even if Inherent) is assumed to have a Morale Level
for Kindling in, and for Fire Spreading to/within, bamboo.14
of 8 when taking a Collapse PTC; the crew of a CT AFV receives a -1 DRM.
EX: Infantry attempting to Kindle bamboo during Wet EC must add a -4 EC DRM to Collapse PTC are taken after fully resolving all other effects of the attack (or of the
their Kindling DR (-2 [Wet EC DRM] -2 [bamboo] = -4). AFV entry, including any OVR) that caused the Collapse, but before Defensive Fire
ensues if it is the MPh. A failed Infantry-unit Collapse PTC pins that unit, even if it is
3.7 PARACHUTES: All parachutes landing in bamboo are treated as if landing in
Rough Draft 10 100920
 BLOOD & SAND
normally immune to pin results (a pinned broken unit would be unable to rout). A marsh hex that is adjacent to one jungle hex becomes a swamp hex. Otherwise the
failed Inherent-crew Collapse PTC activates 5.52 & 5.521 for that crew and every marsh hex is treated normally. Swamp is treated as "non-flooded" marsh except as
Passenger on that AFV [EXC: they all immediately become CE, and if it is the MPh stated otherwise. The water depth of a stream/river does not alter the effects of a
they and the AFV immediately end their MPh in the hex; indicate their CE status and swamp Location. Swamp is never considered to be a Hindrance or Open Ground, or
place a Pin counter on the AFV.16 river or mudflat terrain.
5.51 A Pin result vs the CE Inherent crew of a CT AFV forces it to remain BU 7.2 LOS/TEM: Swamp is always a two-level obstacle with a +1 TEM [EXC: vs Air
during that Player Turn, thus subjecting it to the Case I (BU) To Hit DRM. The Bursts (and Bombardment) its TEM is -1]. in addition, a DC or ordnance-HE attack
Inherent crew of an OT AFV remains CE vs a Pin result, but during that Player Turn [EXC: mortar; HE Equivalency; an attack that used the Vehicle Target Type] vs an
is subject to the Case D To Hit DRM and the halving of all MG/IFE/FT/Canister FP, unarmored target in a swamp Location is halved on the IFT.
as well as prohibiting it from using Intensive Fire and Multiple ROF. An Inherent 7.21 SIGHTING TC: Like woods, swamp provides +3 drm vs an Observation
crew that suffers a Pin result when attacked through an unarmored Target Facing Sighting dr (GIA 150).
(even if only hull or turret/upper superstructure) is subject to the same penalties as
that of an OT AFV. A vehicle itself can never be pinned, nor can its Inherent crew; 7.3 ENTRY: Swamp may be entered by amphibious vehicles, and by boats as if the
however, leave the Pin counter on the vehicle to show that the above penalties apply. swamp were a Water Obstacle. When a boat is sunk in a swamp, any Passengers
aboard must take an immediate NMC as per 126.59 with the following exceptions.
5.511 Any Infantry unit that is Pinned by Collapse fires MG/IFE/Canister as Area Passengers that fail are broken not eliminated, and must rout in the next rout phase.
Fire, must add +2 to its To Hit DR (To Hit Case D), and cannot attack with a Passengers that pass may continue to move 1 hex further. All SW/Guns of a sunk
FT/MOL/DC, change a weapon's CA (9.21), or use Intensive Fire or a Multiple ROF boat are lost even if in fordable water. The surviving Passengers of a boat sunk in
weapon. Swamp immediately become Fording Infantry in that Water Obstacle Location. The
5.52 Except as stated otherwise, a Collapsed hut is still considered a hut but is not cost for fording a Swamp hex is 3 MF’s.
considered a building. A Collapsed hut has no TEM but is a normal (i.e., not one- 7.31 BOG: Each non-swamp/marsh/Water-Obstacle hex that is Accessible to a
level) +1 LOS Hindrance across the building depiction(s) unless it is Blazing; hence it swamp hex, and whose Base Level is ≤ that swamp hex's Base Level, is a Bog hex vs
is not Open Ground. However, a Collapsed hut does not Block but does Hinder a vehicle that is not on a road. A thusly-accessible stream hex would be a Bog hex
LOS/LOF to a unit Bypassing in that hut's Location if the viewing/firing unit's due to swamp only if the stream were dry; if not dry, would apply for Bog purposes.
elevation is > than that of the Bypassing unit and that LOS/LOF does not lie along a
continuous slope. Any type of unit [EXC: motorcycle Rider; wagon] may enter a non- 7.32 AERIAL: All parachutes landing in a swamp hex are treated as if landing in
Blazing Collapsed hut (but a non-tracked vehicle doing so must check for Bog). A dense jungle. Infantry units that are broken before they land in a swamp hex are
Collapsed hut cannot be Cleared. The only Fortifications allowed in a Collapsed hut eliminated. Any SW/Gun that lands in a swamp hex is eliminated. A glider landing
Location are wire/minefields or Panjis (9.) 17. A Collapsed hut is Concealment in a swamp hex receives a +3 Crash drm [140.6] (i.e., +1 for landing in "marsh"[i.e.
Terrain only for Infantry (and their possessed SW), Dummy stacks and Emplaced Swamp] and +2 for landing in "woods" [i.e. Jungle]) upon landing.
Guns. Control of a Collapsed hut counts toward a players hut/building Control 7.4 MISCELLANEOUS: Special rules for FG apply in swamp; see 3.
Victory Conditions, as will Control of its hex if it has been eliminated (5.7) or set
ablaze by their opponent.
5.6 FIRE: A hut's Kindling and Spread numbers are "6" and "7" respectively, even 8. RICE PADDIES
if Collapsed. A Flame can be created in any hut, as well as via the following
8.1 Rice paddies (hereafter referred to as paddies) are a terrain feature of Overlay 3
methods. Any Small Arms PBF/TPBF, MOL, MG, IFE, DC or HE attack [EXC: AP
and of each overlay that’s ID is prefixed by "RP". A paddy consists of two parts: the
HE Equivalency; a Collateral/Residual-FP attack] vs any hut Location (even vs a
interior, which is brownish-green on the overlay; and the banks, which are the narrow
Bypassing unit therein) causes a Flame in that hut if the Original colored dr of its
Open-Ground-color areas along the hexsides of that hex. Units in the interior of a
Effects DR is a 1. Small-Arms/MOL/MG/IFE can thusly cause a Flame even if part of
paddy are said to be in it, while those on (as opposed to just crossing) its banks are
a FG; however, if using only Small Arms/MOL, one unit in that FG would still have
placed above a Bank counter (8.21) in the hex. Being "in" a paddy hex refers to being
to qualify for PBF/TPBF. If > one hut Location can be set Aflame by the same
in either/both position(s). Units in a paddy hex are at level 0 (assuming the overlay is
attack, use Random Selection if a Flame result occurs. A FT attack vs any hut
on level 0 terrain). Paddies will always be defined by SSR as being Drained, Irrigated
Location automatically causes a Flame in that hut if its Original Effects DR is < its
X#. Whenever WP is placed in any hut Location, make a subsequent DR (using the or In-Season19. For DYO situations in which this information is not known, make a
applicable DRM listed therein) even if EC are not Dry or Very Dry. Whenever a dr to determine the state of all paddies in the scenario:
Flame in a non-Collapsed hut becomes a Blaze that hut immediately Collapses.
Marking it with the reverse side of a Collapsed Hut counter indicates a Blazing hut.
See also 5.32 and 5.61-.8.
EX: A Small Arms attack vs a hut Location that results in a "1" colored dr in its IFT
DR automatically causes a Flame in the hut (even if it is Collapsed) provided that
PBF/TPBF applied (even as part of a FG that only partially qualified for
PBP/TPBF). Note that a MG, IFE or HE attack vs a hut can cause a Flame even if
not using PBF/TPBF.
8.11 DRAINED: The interior of a Drained paddy is Open Ground aside from the
5.61 RAIN: Since non-Collapsed huts are buildings, Flame creation in them is cover provided by its banks; see 8.3.
unaffected by EC DRM. However, once rain has occurred, Flame creation as per 5.6
8.12 IRRIGATED: No Fortification [EXC: mines/wire or Panji; 8.7], unhooked
no longer applies to Collapsed huts; i.e., only the method available is by COI 102
non-vehicular Gun (unless dm/being-Animal-Packed [10.1]), Galloping/Charging
which then apply to them (even if they Collapsed after the rain had ceased).
Cavalry, Pushed/Ridden motorcycle or ridden bicycle is allowed in an Irrigated
5.62 BACKBLAST: A PF/BAZ/PSK/RCL may be fired from inside a non- paddy. Unpossessed equipment [EXC: horse; boat] in an Irrigated paddy is
Collapsed hut. Firing it thusly automatically causes a Flame in the hut, and causes a eliminated unless in a vehicle or being Animal-Packed (10.1). The interior of an
one FP attack within the hex vs. the occupants utilizing the same DR as that used in Irrigated paddy is Mud (see 8.5) and also Bog terrain; in addition to the +1 DRM for
the attack. Firing it thusly from a Collapsed hut causes neither the Flame nor the one mud, the Bog DR of a vehicle in an Irrigated paddy receives an extra +2 DRM for
FP attack. Note, however, that it would still apply in all cases when firing a RCL. being in such terrain. Any SW of ≥ 3 PP manned by Infantry in an Irrigated paddy has
a restricted field of fire much like a VCA. Use a HW direction counter to identify the
5.7 SHELLHOLES: Shellholes can occur in a hut Location, in which case the hut
SW CA. SW’s firing outside this CA must change its CA setting and fire with half
(and any Flame/Blaze already in it) is considered to no longer exist at all.
effectiveness. The FP of all DC and ordnance/OBA HE attacks [EXC: one using HE-
6. KUNAI Equivalency] vs an Irrigated paddy hex is halved on the IFT. A SMOKE counter may
not be placed in an Irrigated paddy hex. The MF cost of a boat in an Irrigated paddy
6.1 Whenever PTO Terrain is in effect, all grain becomes kunai.18 Kunai is treated remains the same as in any shallow-water obstacle.
as brush except as stated otherwise. The Kindling and Spread numbers of kunai are
"9" and "8" respectively. Special rules for Fortification, HIP, FG, and Ambush apply 8.13 IN-SEASON: The interior of an In-Season paddy is Grain; see 8.2, 8.4 and
in kunai; see 2, 4, 5 and 6 respectively. 8.6. However, it is Concealment Terrain only for Infantry (and their possessed SW),
Dummy stacks, Fortifications and Emplaced Guns. Mud can exist in In-Season
paddies even though their interior is not Open Ground; see 8.5.
7. SWAMP 8.2 ENTRY: A unit enters a paddy hex either onto its banks (8.21) or INTO its
7.1 Whenever PTO Terrain is in effect, each interior. Except as stated otherwise (see 8.12, 8.22 and 8.8), the only units that may
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set-up-IN/enter-INTO a paddy are Infantry, Cavalry, Cycle Riders and fully tracked would cost it three MF (one MF to cross the bank hexside INTO oL3, plus the
vehicles. Such Infantry may not be riding bicycles but may be "leading" horses. in applicable IN-hex COT of oL3, plus one to enter onto the Bank counter).
addition to the possible cost for crossing a bank hexside, the IN-hex COT of a paddy
EX: Since hexside oJ4-oK5 is not a bank hexside, as per 8.2102 squad D may enter
is dependent on whether the interior is Drained, Irrigated or In-Season: if Drained,
directly INTO oJ4 at a cost of one MF if the paddies are Drained, three MF if they are
normal Open Ground MF/MP costs apply; if Irrigated, the entering unit must expend
Irrigated, or 1 1/2 MF if they are In-Season. If squad D instead wished to enter onto
twice the cost of entering Open Ground mud; if In-Season, the unit must expend grain
the banks in oJ4, it would first have to enter INTO that hex (8.2102) and then, in a
MF/MP.
separate expenditure, pay one MF to go onto a Bank counter (8.2104). If squad D
8.21 BANKS: A Bank counter does not create a new were Riding a cycle and wished to enter onto the banks in Drained paddy hex oJ4, it
Location or change stacking limits. The only units that would first have to expend three MP to enter INTO that hex and then separately spend
may cross a bank hexside are those allowed to enter three more MP to go onto a Bank counter.
INTO a paddy (8.2) [EXC: bicyclists may cross a bank
8.211 RESTRICTIONS: A unit above a Bank counter may not attempt to
hexside if they are entering either onto a Bank counter or a road]. The only units that
Recover/Scrounge anything in the paddy, nor may it participate in Transfer, Set a DC,
may set-up/enter/remain above a Bank counter (thereby avoiding the interior of that
Guard a prisoner in the paddy, or voluntarily become TI (thus prohibiting it from
paddy) are Infantry (even if riding-bicycles/"leading"-horses, but not if Manhandling
conducting any activity that requires TI status; e.g., Entrenching, Clearance,
a Gun/boat), Cavalry, and Cycle Riders. Unless otherwise prohibited (see 8.2 and
Searching, [Un]Packing [10.3]). CC Withdrawal onto a Bank counter is NA.
8.211), such units may move (/rout/advance/Withdraw-from-CC if Infantry) in any
(combination) of the following ways: 8.2111 INFANTRY: Each Infantry unit above a Bank counter is subject to
Hazardous Movement penalties (and thus cannot gain "?") the entire time it is above
8.2101 If the unit is currently in a paddy or in a non-paddy hex, it may enter directly
that counter; should the unit also be engaged in another Hazardous Movement activity
onto a Bank counter in an adjacent paddy hex provided it crosses a bank hexside as it
(e.g., being in Column), these penalties are not cumulative with each other. An
enters that hex. The normal cost for this is one MF (or three MP for a cycle) to cross
Infantry unit above a Bank counter is considered to enter INTO its hex only (and does
that bank hexside one MF (or three MP) to enter onto the Bank counter. Mud MF/MP
so immediately) when it expends the applicable IN-hex COT to do so (including
can also apply if EC are Mud; see 8.5.
during the RtPh/APh) or when it becomes broken or pinned, enters into Melee or its
8.2102 If the unit is currently in a paddy or in a non-paddy hex, it may enter directly Column Disbands. If thusly forced INTO its hex by becoming pinned or broken
INTO an adjacent paddy hex. The normal cost for this is one MF/MP [EXC: three MP during its MPh, the unit is assumed to expend the COT for such entry even if
for a cycle] if crossing a bank hexside plus the IN-hex COT (8.2) of that hex. Mud exceeding its remaining MF (this does not force placement of a CX counter), is no
MF/MP can apply; see 8.5. longer subject to Hazardous Movement, and (unless pinned {GIA}) is subject to the –
2 MOG/(-1 NAM DRM {GIA}) until its MPh ends. Aside from normal APh
8.2103 If the unit is currently in a paddy, it may directly enter an adjacent non-
restrictions, Infantry [EXC: see 8.22] may freely enter-onto/exit-off Bank counters
paddy hex. The normal cost for this is one MF/MP [EXC: three MP for a cycle] to
during the APh.
cross that bank hexside plus the COT of the non-paddy hex. Mud MF/MP can also
apply if EC are Mud. EX: See the 8.2108 illustration, and assume the paddies are Irrigated. If squad B had
already expended two MF (even if using Assault Movement) and then been pinned or
8.2104 If the unit is currently in a paddy, it may enter directly onto a Bank counter
broken by Defensive Fire in its present position, it would have immediately entered
in that same hex. The normal cost for this is one MF (or three MP for a cycle). Mud
INTO oL3 at a cost of three more MF (thus determining how many more times it
MF/MP never apply.
could be Defensive First Fired on) but would not become CX.
8.2105 If the unit is currently on a Bank counter, it may enter directly onto a Bank
8.2112 CAVALRY/CYCLES: Cavalry may Gallop/Charge neither onto nor off of
counter in an adjacent paddy hex provided it crosses a bank hexside as it enters that
a Bank counter. Personnel may mount a horse/cycle that is above a Bank counter only
hex. The normal cost for this is one MF (or three MP for a cycle). Mud MF/MP can
from above that Bank counter, and may disembark from such a horse/cycle only onto
also apply if EC are Mud; see 8.5.
the Bank counter it is above [EXC: they Bail Out directly INTO the hex, and each
8.2106 If the unit is currently on a Bank counter, it may enter directly INTO an surviving cycle is placed in it as well (if that paddy is Irrigated, that cycle would be
adjacent paddy hex provided it crosses a bank hexside as it enters that hex. The eliminated instead)]. Likewise, Personnel mounting (or disembarking from) transport
normal cost for this is one MF (or three MP for a cycle) to cross that bank hexside that is in a paddy may do so only from in (or must disembark INTO) that same hex.
plus the IN-hex COT (8.2) of that hex. Mud MF/MP can apply; see 8.5.
EX: Unless Bailing out, Cavalry on a Bank counter can dismount only onto its bank
8.2107 If the unit is currently on a Bank counter, it may directly enter an adjacent counter, and expends the normal one MF to do so. Infantry in any type of paddy can
non-paddy hex. The normal cost for this is one MF (or three MP for a cycle) to cross mount a horse or cycle on a Bank counter in that hex only by first expending one MF
that bank hexside plus the COT of the non-paddy hex. Mud MF/MP can also apply if to enter onto that Bank counter and then expending the normal one MF to mount. If
EC are Mud. Infantry on a Bank counter wish to mount transport in their In-Season paddy hex, they
must expend 2 1/2 MF to do so (1 1/2 [enter INTO in-season paddy] + 1 [load] = 2
8.2108 If the unit is currently on a Bank counter, it may enter directly INTO that 1
/2).
same hex. The normal cost for this is the IN-hex COT (8.2) of that hex. Mud MF/MP
never apply. 8.212 ATTACKS: Infantry above a Bank counter are subject to Hazardous
Movement (8.2111), and may use only Inherent FP/SW, LMG, LATW [EXC: 20mm
EX: Squad A wishes to enter INTO oM4 and oM3. If the paddies are Drained, as per ATR], FT and/or Thrown DC. Each non-CC attack conducted by a unit above a Bank
8.2102 it will expend two MF (1 [cross bank hexside] + 1 [enter INTO Drained counter is treated as Area Fire [EXC: Thrown DC], cumulative with other such
paddy] = 2) to enter each hex. If the paddies are Irrigated, each hex will cost four MF penalties. A unit above a Bank counter receives a +2 drm to its Ambush dr, a +1
(l [cross bank hexside] + 1 1/2 [Open Ground mud] [enter INTO Irrigated paddy]} DRM to its CC attack (limit of +1 per attack), and a -1 DRM to each CC attack made
= 4). If the Paddies are In-Season, each hex will cost 2 1/2 MF (1 [cross bank hexside] against it. An unbroken Japanese Infantry unit above a Bank counter may detonate its
+ 1 1/2 [enter INTO In-Season paddy {grain}] = 2 1/2. If squad A wished instead to DC as per 1.424, but vs its target(s, if any) beneath that Bank counter the attack is
move/rout along the banks of oM4 and oM3, as per 8.2101 its cost to enter onto a resolved as a Thrown DC.
Bank counter in oM4 would be two MF (1 [cross bank hexside] + 1 [enter onto Bank
counter] = 2), and its cost to then enter onto a Bank counter in oM3 would be one MF 8.2121 UNDERBELLY HITS: An AFV is subject to Underbelly Hits as it crosses
(8.2105) regardless of whether the paddies are Drained, Irrigated or In-Season. As it an unbreached (8.8) bank hexside.
entered each hex it would be placed on a Bank counter. 8.2122 MINES/RESIDUAL-FP: Mines/Residual-FP in a paddy hex attack in the
EX: If the paddies are In-Season and squad B wishes to enter INTO oM3, it can do so normal manner regardless of whether or not their target is in the paddy.
in any of three ways: by entering directly INTO oM3 from above the oL3 Bank 8.213 SW/GUN: An unpossessed SW above a Bank counter is placed in that paddy
counter (8.2106), at a cost of 2 1/2 MF (1 [cross bank hexside] + 1 1/2 [enter INTO In- (eliminating it if that paddy is Irrigated; 8.12) unless it is being Animal-Packed (10.1).
Season paddy] = 2 1/2); by entering onto the banks of oM3 (8.2105) and then going A Gun above a Bank counter (note that this can occur only if it is being Animal-
INTO that hex (8.2108), at a cost of 2 1/2 MF (1 [enter onto Bank counter] + 1 1/2 Packed) remains there if it becomes unpossessed.
[enter INTO In-Season paddy] = 2 1/2); or by entering first INTO oL3 (8.2108) and
then INTO oM3 (8.2102), at a cost of four MF (1 1/2 [enter INTO In-Season paddy] + 8.22 AERIAL: All parachutes and gliders landing in paddy hexes land directly in
1 [cross bank hexside] + 1 1/2 [enter INTO In-Season paddy] = 4). them. A 5/8" parachute landing in an Irrigated paddy must immediately take a.
Paratroops appearing onboard may not enter onto a Bank counter during that same
EX: Squad C must expend at least two MF to enter onto the oL3 Bank counter, but APh. A glider landing in any paddy receives the +1 "hedge" Crash drm if it lands
can do so in any of three ways: as per 8.2101 (1 [cross bank hexside] + 1 [enter onto across a bank hexside.
Bank counter] = 2 MF); as per 8.2104 and 8.2105 (1 [enter onto Bank counter in oL2]
+ 1 [enter onto Bank counter in oM3] = 2 MF); or as per 8.2102 and 8.2104, which 8.3 TEM: A bank hexside is treated as a hedge for TEM purposes [EXC: in
addition to the effects of Indirect Fire, its +1 TEM is reduced to zero if the firer is at
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any elevation > the target's, if the target is above a Bank counter, and/or if the target common hexside is a bank hexside. Burning Wrecks occur in paddy hexes in the
unit is not Infantry (though Direct Fire vs an "empty" hex across a bank hexside normal manner.
would not itself negate bank-hexside TEM)]. A bank hexside cannot confer HD/Wall-
8.7 FORTIFICATIONS: Except as otherwise prohibited, all types of Fortifications
Advantage status. The interior of a paddy hex is Open Ground (thus allowing
may be set up in Drained/In-Season paddy hexes. No Fortification may be set up
FFMO/Interdiction) if its bank-hexside TEM is zero [EXC: if in Season, its interior is
above a Bank counter, and none other than minefields/wire or Panji (9.) may be set up
grain; 8.13]. A Bank counter is Open Ground even if the paddies are In-Season. See
in Irrigated paddy hexes. Mines are considered to occupy both the interior and banks
also 8.5 and 8.7.
of a paddy hex (see also 8.2122). The use of a Bank Counter is NA in a paddy hex
EX: See the 8.2108 illustration and assume the paddies are Drained. None of the that contains any Wire or Panji counter. Each unit/SW/Gun above a Wire or Panji
squads shown can claim a bank-hexside TEM vs Indirect Fire. However, if squad A counter in a paddy hex is considered to be in that hex; however, Infantry above that
were an enemy unit and attacked squads B, C and D with other than a mortar/FT/Set- Wire or Panji counter can claim neither bank-hexside TEM nor the paddy's non-Open
DC, squads C and D could claim the bank-hexside +1 TEM (and thus could not be Ground status, and are subject to all the provisions of 8.212 (only) just as if they were
subjected to MOG/lnterdiction) but squad B could claim no positive TEM and would above a Bank counter [EXC: Thrown DC use is NA]; these provisions apply
be considered in Open Ground. If squad were at > level 0, then even squads C and D together/cumulative with those for being above that Wire or Panji counter.
would be considered in Open Ground vs its attacks. If the paddies were In-Season,
8.71 TRENCHES: Infantry ignore the Cost of crossing a bank hexside when
regardless of squad A's elevation its attacks would treat squads C and D as being in
entering one Trench counter directly from another. The provisions of
grain but would still treat B as being in Open Ground. If squad D were to use its
movement/routing requirements apply unchanged in paddies. See also 8.4.
Inherent FP vs squad A, the latter could claim a bank-hexside TEM if it were not in a
building. Squad C could claim a bank-hexside TEM vs squad B's Small Arms attack, 8.72 SHELLHOLES: Shellholes can occur in Drained/In-Season (only) paddy
but squad B could not claim it (and would be considered in Open Ground) vs such an hexes, in which case the terrain characteristics in those hexes will change accordingly
attack by squad C. Vs a FB strafing hexrow oL, neither squad B nor squad C could (the banks in those hexes would be unaffected).
claim bank-hexside TEM.
EX: Shellholes in an In-Season paddy allow Infantry to enter both that hex's interior
8.31 AFV/WRECK: A unit above a Bank counter cannot claim the TEM of an and the shellholes simultaneously, at a cost of two MF plus any cost to cross a bank.
AFV/wreck in that hex. in addition, the grain in that paddy hex is considered non-existent for all purposes.
8.4 LOS: Entrenched Infantry treat all bank hexsides as hedges for LOS purposes 8.73 SUBTERRANEAN: No type of subterranean passage may exist in an
[EXC: Wall Advantage rules are NA; 8.3]. Reciprocity applies. LOS to/from a unit Irrigated paddy hex.
on a Bank counter is drawn to/from that paddy hex's center dot. A Bank counter does
not affect LOS to/from/through its hex. An AFV/wreck in a paddy retains its normal 8.8 BREACH: A Mobile dozer may breach a bank hexside of a Drained/In-Season
Hindrance effects. The Hindrance effect of an In-Season paddy differs from that of (only) paddy, just as if it were breaching a bocage hexside [EXC: it expends only 1/4
grain in that the normal +1 per-hex Hindrance is halved (FRD) and the grain is (FRU)—not all—of its printed MP allotment to do so]. Thereafter, crossing that
considered Inherent Terrain [EXC: a Bank counter in that hex remains Open Ground hexside is treated as open ground unless entering-onto/exiting-off a Bank counter. All
(8.3); a Sighting TC vs a vehicle/Gun in an In-Season paddy never receives the +1 unit types may enter INTO a Drained/In-Season paddy via a breached or non-bank
DRM for a target in grain]. hexside.

EX: see the 8.2108 illustration and assume the paddies are In-Season. Squad A's LOS EX: See the 8.2108 illustration, and assume that the paddies are Drained and hexside
to squad C incurs a +1 Hindrance (+2 [Hindrance effect of hexes oM4 and oL3] ?= oL2-oL3 is breached. Squad C may enter INTO oL3 by expending just the one MF
+1), as does its LOS to oK2 (+3 [Hindrance effect of hexsides oL4-oM4 and oK3- for the IN-hex COT of that hex; i.e., it does not pay a MF to cross that bank hexside.
oL2, and of hex oL3] ?= +1 1/2 FRD = +l). Squad A's LOS to oJ1 incurs a +2 However, if it instead wished to enter directly onto the oL3 Bank counter from in
Hindrance (+4 [Hindrance effect of hexes oL4, oL8, oK3 and oK2] ?= +2), but its oL2, it would still have to expend the normal two-MF cost to do so (8.2101). The
LOS to squads B and D is unhindered (+1 [Hindrance effect of hexside oL4-oM4 or breach would have no effect on squad B's entry into/INTO oL2, since in all cases
oL4-oL5 respectively] ?= +1/2 FRD = 0). The LOS from squad B to oJ1 (and vice- squad B would be entering-onto/exiting-off a Bank counter. If hexside oL4-oM5 were
versa) receives a +1 a Hindrance (+2 [Hindrance effect of hexes oK2 and oK3] ?= breached, squad A would expend one MF to enter directly INTO oL4. If hexsides
+1). If squad D were entrenched it would have no LOS to the other squads. oL4-oM5 and oL4-oK5 were breached, a truck Bypassing oM5 at vertex oM5-oL4-
oM4 could enter directly INTO oL4, then INTO oK5, then INTO oJ4, at its normal
8.5 MUD: Mud can exist in paddy hexes in two ways: they may be Irrigated (8.12), Open Ground expenditure of four MP per hex (8.2).
and/or EC may be Mud. Irrigated paddies are mud only in those hexes, unless EC are
Mud. Whenever EC are Mud, all mud rules apply in (as well as IN) all paddy hexes
even if they are In-Season (note that the extra MF/MP cost of mud is already included 9. PANJIS
in the IN-hex COT of Irrigated paddies as given in 8.2). The extra MF/MP cost of
mud applies to entry onto a Bank counter only if EC are Mud and the unit is changing
hexes. Whenever mud is in effect for any reason in paddy hexes, its extra +1 TEM
applies in the normal manner in and in those hexes, cumulative with all otherwise-
applicable TEM. <> <>
EX: See the8.2108 illustration, and assume the paddies are Drained and EC are Mud.
Squad B begins its MPh by declaring Double Time and moving INTO oL3 at a cost of
one MF (the extra 1/2 MF for EC mud does not apply; 8.2108). Next it moves INTO
oM3 at a cost of 2 1/2 MF (1 [cross bank hexside] + 1/2 [EC mud] + 1 [enter INTO (flip side)
Drained paddy] = 2 1/2). It then enters onto a Bank counter in oM3 at a cost of one 20
MP (again the extra 1/2 MF for EC mud does not apply), and lastly it moves onto a 9.1 Panjis Fortification counters that can be set up (to a maximum of one per hex)
Bank counter in oM2 at a cost of 1 1/2 MF (1 [enter onto Bank counter] + 1/2 [EC only prior to the start of a scenario that uses PTO Terrain. Panjis are listed in the
mud] = 1 1/2). If squad B had instead begun its MPh by exiting the Bank counter scenario OB by the total number of Covered hexsides (9.3) allotted. The player may
directly INTO oM3 and from there moving directly onto a Bank counter in oM2, it set up as many Panjis counters as he wishes, provided the total number of their
would have expended 2 1/2 MF to enter each hex: (1 [cross bank hexside] + 1/2 [EC Covered hexsides does not exceed the OB limit. Panjis may be set up in any non-
mud] + 1 [enter INTO Drained paddy] = 2 1/2) for oM3; and (1 [cross bank hexside] + subterranean terrain other than a building, rubble, marsh, swamp, paved road/runway,
1
/2 [EC mud] + 1 [enter onto Bank counter] = 2 1/2) for oM2. If squad B had never crag, water obstacle, a hex that contains wire, mines or a roadblock counter (whether
left the banks as it moved to oM3 and oM2, it would have expended 1 1/2 MF (1 onboard or hidden). Panjis may be set up in a bridge Location, but only the road
[enter onto Bank counter] + 1/2 [EC mud] = l 1/2 in each hex. hexsides of that Location may be Covered hexsides of that Panjis counter, and a unit
above that Panjis counter cannot claim bridge TEM. Panjis cannot be set up at Crest
EX: See the 8.2108 illustration, and assume that mud is in effect in the paddies level in a Depression; i.e., a Crest unit is not considered to be above a Panjis counter
because they-are-Irrigated/EC-are-Mud. If squads B and C are attacked by Indirect even though it may be placed physically upon it. Panjis cannot be moved, and do not
Fire HE, both squads will receive the +1 TEM for mud (but neither will receive bank- affect stacking limits. A Panjis counter does not create a new Location in its hex;
hexside TEM; 8.3). However, if squad A were an enemy unit and attacked them with herein the term "Panjis Location" is used simply to refer to a Location that contains a
Direct-Fire ordnance HE, squad B could claim only the +1 mud TEM while squad C's Panjis counter.
TEM would be +2 (+1 for mud and +1 for bank-hexside TEM). Note that if the
paddies are Irrigated those HE attacks will also be halved on the IFT (8.12). 9.11 HIP: Panjis counters may setup using HIP. When a Panjis counter loses HIP
status, all of its Covered hexsides are revealed. See also 9.4.
8.6 FIRES: No Terrain Fire can occur in a Drained/Irrigated paddy hex. In-season
paddies are treated as grain for Fire purposes; however, Fire Spreading from one In- 9.12 UNIT SETUP: Neither a non-vehicular Gun, nor any unit not allowed to move
Season paddy to another does not qualify for the -2 "directly attached" DRM if their from above to below a Panjis counter (9.5), may set up above a Panjis counter.
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 BLOOD & SAND
9.121 TRIP FLARES: A trip flare in a Panjis Location that contains expend an extra MF and thereby be placed under the Panjis counter; see 9.5. A
no jungle/bamboo can be set off only by qualifying entry/Search across broken unit need not rout across a Covered hexside if doing so would put it above that
a Covered hexside of that Panjis counter or by a qualifying MF/MP Panji counter, provided it has an alternate legal rout path.
expenditure made while the unit/stack enters/remains above that Panjis
9.411 MANHANDLING: 9.41 applies to an Infantry unit that Manhandles a
counter.
Gun/motorcycle/boat into a Panjis Location across one of that Panjis counter's
9.13 DYO: The BPV of each Panjis counter equals two points per Covered hexside Covered hexsides. However, the item being Manhandled is immediately (as per 9.41)
on that counter. eliminated upon entering unless the unit is forced back out of that Location (as per
25.4, 106.61).
9.2 LOS & TEM: A Panjis counter is neither an obstacle nor a Hindrance to LOS.
It has no TEM and does not alter the TEM of other terrain in its hex [EXC: an 9.42 VEHICLE: A vehicle (including Wagon) that enters a Panjis Location across
AFV/wreck above a Panjis counter provides no TEM, and thus if in Open Ground one of that Panjis counter's Covered hexsides is immediately (as per 9.41)
does not change its hex to non-Open Ground]. immobilized unless it is a fully tracked AFV/dozer [EXC: a Ridden motorcycle
entering thusly is immediately eliminated, and its Rider(s) must Bail Out; 9.423 then
9.21 ATTACKS: Infantry above a Panji counter may use only their Inherent FP,
applies]. If the fully-tracked AFV/dozer is still Mobile after all Defensive Fire vs it
LMG, LATW [EXC: 20mm ATR], and/or a FT, and may not be used to Interdict
has been resolved, it may expend an extra MP to move beneath the Panjis counter
routing units. An Infantry/Cavalry unit above a Panji counter must add a +1 DRM to
(9.5), or may Stop/fire, etc., in the normal manner [EXC: VCA change is NA; 9.52].
each attack (including CC) it makes or participates in (limit of +1 per attack), receives
a +1 Ambush drm, and each CC attack vs it receives a -1 DRM. See also 9.52. 9.421 TOWING: A Gun being towed is eliminated when Panjis immobilizes its
towing vehicle.
9.211 DC: Infantry above a Panjis counter may not Place, Throw or Set a DC, nor
may Infantry beneath a Panjis counter Place a DC across a Covered hexside of that 9.422 HORSE/BICYCLE: A horse/bicycle that is ridden into a Panjis Location
Panjis counter. An unbroken Japanese Infantry unit above a Panjis counter may across one of that Panjis counter's Covered hexsides is immediately (as per 9.41)
detonate its DC as per 1.424, but vs its target(s), (if any), beneath that Panjis counter eliminated [EXC: such a horse that expended eleven MF (inclusive of that Location's
the attack is resolved as a Thrown DC. A DC Placed into a Panjis Location across COT) to enter is not eliminated, unless it is Galloping/Charging]. If it is eliminated,
one of that Panji counter's Covered hexsides attacks its target(s), (if any) beneath that its Rider(s) must Bail Out and 9.423 then applies. Horses being "led" by their owning
Panji counter as if it were a Thrown DC. See also 9.72. unit, and bicycles being portaged (1 PP), are not directly affected. Cavalry may
Gallop/Charge neither onto nor off of a non-hidden Panjis counter.
9.3 COVERED HEXSIDE: Each Panjis counter creates one to six Covered
hexsides in its hex. The Covered hexsides of Panjis counters are indicated in the 9.423 PRC: PRC disembarking (in any fashion) from transport that is above a
same way that HD counters indicate HD hexsides. Covered hexsides can cause Panjis counter do so onto the Panji counter. After resolving their Bailing Out NMC
Infantry to take Panjis MC (9.31) and can eliminate/immobilize other types of units as (if any), they are then treated as entering Infantry (9.41) even if they disembarked as a
well. stack.
9.43 STACK: Should a non-Aerial stack that moves/advances across a
road/path/Depression/TB hexside be required to take a Panjis MC therein, the
ATTACKER randomly selects one non-prisoner unit in that stack to take it. After
fully resolving all resulting Panjis MC (but prior to Defensive Fire if it is the MPh),
all other units in that stack not exempt from PTC must take a normal PTC (leadership
can modify). [EXC to all: If the stack is berserk or conducting a Human-
Wave/Banzai-Charge, 9.41—not 9.43—applies.] 9.41 also apply to a routing stack.
9.44 COLUMN: Should a non-Dummy Column unit that enters a hidden-Panjis
Location be required to take a Panjis MC therein, that Column automatically
Disbands after all Defensive Fire ensuing from that Impulse has been resolved. The
EX: Hexsides 37DD7-CC8, DD7-DD8 and DD7-EE8 are all Covered hexsides of same would apply if the Panjis were not hidden, except in this case the Column could
Panji counter C. Only hexside EE7-EE8 is a Covered hexside of Panji counter A. opt to Disband, in which case it would automatically Disband.
9.45 NON-COVERED HEXSIDE: A ground unit's non-Bypass entry into a Panjis
9.31 PANJI MC: A Panjis MC is a NMC ( ); however, Battle Hardening does not Location is not affected by that Panjis counter if the unit is crossing one of that Panjis
apply. Moreover, if playing under GIA rules, a Panji MC DR is any Original counter's non-Covered hexsides, or is crossing one of its Covered hexsides while
Doubles other than 12, the Infantry unit taking it also suffers Casualty Reduction, using a trench or subterranean passage. Each unit entering thusly is placed directly
even if it does not break; an Original 12 DR also causes a Casualty MC (Fate). in beneath the Panjis counter.
all cases, if the Infantry unit fails the Panjis MC it first suffers Replacement (if
applicable, ELR, etc), then undergoes Casualty Reduction (or the Casualty MC) as/if 9.46 BYPASS: Bypassing in a Panjis Location is NA along a hexside that
applicable, then suffers the Panjis MC break result. A Final DR equal to the unit's is/touches a Covered hexside of that Panjis counter. When a unit attempts such entry
current morale pins the unit unless it is immune to pin results. (e.g., if the Panjis counter is hidden), it must still expend whatever MF/MP such
Bypass would have cost if there were no Panjis counter in that hex but does so in its
9.4 ENTRY: A Panjis counter does not alter the MF/MP entry cost of its Location, current position. Bypass blocked in this manner does not itself end the unit's MPh. A
except as it prohibits both Bypass (in certain cases; 9.46) and the use of a Bank hidden Panjis counter that block a Bypass move must be revealed immediately.
counter (8.7). A non-Dummy (determined as per 25.4, 106.61) ground unit/stack that Unless otherwise prohibited, Bypass in a Panjis Location is allowed along a hexside
enters a Panjis Location is placed above that Panjis counter if the hexside it enters that neither is, nor touches a Covered hexside of that Panjis counter; and each unit
across (i.e., the hexside common to both the hex being entered and the one being thusly entering is placed directly beneath the Panjis counter.
exited) is a Covered hexside of that Panjis counter [EXC: if entering within a trench
or subterranean passage; 9.45]. For entry across one of its non-Covered hexsides see 9.47 AERIAL: After a 5/8" parachute has landed in a Panjis Location and its
9.45-.46. A unit entering onto a Panji counter can lose its concealment (9.53) and Landing MC/TC (if any) has been resolved, its owner must make one dr ( ) for it (or
cannot use road bonus (9.54). If a hidden Panji counter's Location is entered across one for each panji Location that contains its Personnel revealed by "downwind
one of its Covered hexsides by a unit of the side that owns the Panjis counter, 9.41-.44 scatter". There is a +1 drm if the landing unit is broken, and a +drm equal to half
apply unchanged but the Panjis counter is revealed only if a Good Order enemy (FRU) the number of Covered hexsides on that Panjis counter. (If hidden, the Panjis
ground unit has the applicable necessary LOS to it. counter must be revealed at this time.) These drm are applied individually to each
Personnel unit revealed by "downwind scatter". If the Final dr is 6, the parachute (or
EX: See the 9.3 illustration. Squad A must expend two MF to enter EE7 (or would each Personnel Unit to which that Final result applies) is placed beneath the Panjis
expend three MF if hexside EE8-EE7 contained a wall or hedge), and is placed above counter; otherwise it is placed above the Panjis counter and must immediately take a
Panji counter regardless of phase. Panjis MC (just one such MC for all revealed units in the hex) using a Morale Level
9.41 INFANTRY: Each Infantry unit that enters a Panjis Location across one of of 7. A parachute landing in a panji Location follows the same procedure to
that Panjis counter's Covered hexsides must immediately take a Panjis MC (before determine its placement therein, but automatically receives both +drm. A glider
any Defensive Fire, Interdiction, or minefield attacks are conducted vs it) unless it is landing in a panji Location receives a +1 drm to its Crash dr if it lands across (as
using Non-Assault Movement [GIA] (or Armored Assault [HL]), is making a normal determined by its venue of Approach) a Covered hexside of that Panjis counter. If it
advance (i.e., not vs Difficult Terrain), is forced back out of that Location (as per survives it is placed beneath the Panjis counter, and its occupants will disembark
25.4, 106.61), is required to take a Pin TC (PTC) as per 9.43, or is entering while in a beneath the Panjis counter as per 9.51.
trench or subterranean passage (9.45). After fully resolving all resulting Panji MC (if 9.48 SEARCHING: Searching an adjacent Panjis Location can cause casualties (as
any), Defensive Fire/lnterdiction is conducted vs the unit/stack in the normal manner. per 25.4, 106.61) if a Covered hexside is common to that Location and the Searcher's
After that, if it is still able and otherwise allowed to, it may [EXC: during the APh]
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Location. A hidden Panjis counter is revealed when its Location is Searched. A unit reaching down to the DR of 4). If there are more Covered Panjis hexsides than the
above a Panjis counter may not Search. number of KIA results, randomly select which hexside(s) as being cleared by rolling 1
die for each Covered hexside of a Panjis location. Highest die roll results in that
9.5 ABOVE/BENEATH: Only Mobile full-tracked AFV/dozers, Infantry [EXC: if
hexside (or hexsides in the case of ties) as being cleared.
Manhandling], horses being "led" by their owners, and Cavalry may change position
from beneath a Panjis counter to above it or vice-versa. The cost to do so is one 9.72 HE/DC: During any HE attacks vs a Panjis Location of 100mm or more which
MF/MP (even if using Reverse movement), expended separately from other MF/MP results in a KIA, roll again, if the second attack again results in a KIA, that Panjis
costs21. No Panjis MC or other Panjis-caused penalty ensues from this action, which counter is removed and replaced by a shellhole (Entrenchment) counter in the Panjis
is carried out after resolving all Defensive-Fire/Interdiction allowed by the unit's Location.
previous MF/MP expenditure. Infantry may not advance/Withdraw-from-CC off of a
9.73 AFV/DOZER: During its MPh, a fully tracked AFV/dozer beneath a Panji
Panjis counter. An ATTACKER unit entering a Panjis Location to conduct any type
counter may change a Covered hexside (of that Panjis counter) within its VCA to a
of OVR may make that attack before or after thusly changing position in that hex.
non-Covered hexside, provided it is using neither Reverse movement nor VBM. Its
See the 9.6 example.
owner must first declare which hexside it will "clear"; it must then expend 1/4 (FRU)
9.51 PRC: An Infantry unit in a Panjis Location can become PRC only if both it of its printed MP allotment to do so while within the Panjis Location, and then takes
and its transport are either above or beneath that Panji counter, but the Panjis will not any Bog Check required if in a Bog hex. If it remains Mobile after all Defensive Fire
otherwise affect that action. PRC on transport that is beneath a Panjis counter and Bog DR vs it, that hexside is thusly changed. It may then repeat this procedure if
disembark to beneath it. See also 9.423. otherwise able to.
9.52 SW/GUN/VEHICLE: An item that becomes unpossessed while above a 9.731 BREACH: A Covered paddy hexside breached by a dozer becomes a non-
Panjis counter is left above it. Infantry above a Panjis counter may not Recover, Covered hexside; see 8.8.
Transfer, (un)dismantle, repair or voluntarily malfunction/disable a SW/Gun. A
vehicle above a Panjis counter may not change its VCA and cannot be Scrounged. A
10. ANIMAL-PACK
non-vehicular Gun above a Panjis counter cannot be fired, Pushed, (un)hooked,
(un)limbered, (un)loaded (unless currently dismantled), or (Un)Packed (10.3)—nor
may it be (un)dismantled, repaired or voluntarily malfunctioned/disabled unless in a
vehicle.
9.53 CONCEALMENT: Each unit above a Panjis counter is considered to be <> <>
continuously engaging in a concealment-loss activity, and may not acquire [Note: The term "Gun" when used herein includes a dmMTR ≤ 82mm or a SW (see
concealment if in the LOS of an unbroken enemy ground unit. 10.7).]
9.54 ROAD BONUS: An Infantry unit/stack cannot claim road bonus during a
10.1 Animal-Pack: These rules will allow certain type of Guns (listed in 10.2 and
MPh in which it crosses any Covered hexside. For this purpose assume road bonus
to be the last MF the unit/stack can expend in its MPh. 10.61) and SW’s (see 10.7) to be carried (not towed) by Horse counters that have
been specially designated as having that capability. A Gun capable of being thusly
9.55 FORTIFlCATIONS: All other Fortifications (and tunnel entrances/exits) in a carried is termed a Pack Gun. A Horse counter designated by a scenario (or by DYO
Panjis Location are considered to be beneath that Panjis counter, and can be entered purchase; 10.6) as being capable of carrying a Pack Gun is termed a Mule. A Pack
only from (or exited only to) beneath that Panjis counter [EXC: entering/exiting the Gun being carried by a Mule (i.e., one on such a Horse counter) is referred to as an
hex via a trench; entering the hex via a subterranean passage]. Infantry above a Animal-Packed Gun or as being Animal-Packed; conversely, a Mule carrying a Pack
Panjis counter may not make/direct an Entrenching Attempt. See also 9.45 and 9.71. Gun is said to be Animal-Packing it. The overall process of removing a Pack Gun
from its Mule and setting it up on the ground is termed “Unpacking”; and the reverse
9.56 PRISONERS: Infantry above a Panjis counter may not Guard an Unarmed
of this process is called “Packing”. A Pack Gun may be Animal-Packed/Unpacked
unit that lies beneath that Panjis counter (or vice-versa).
any number of times during play, depending on the status of its crew. A Mule is
9.6 EXIT: A unit above a Panjis counter may not directly exit that hex. It must first treated as a Horse counter for all purposes except as stated otherwise. A Mule may
move/rout beneath that Panjis counter as per 9.5, and then it may exit as if no Panji never carry a Rider (not even that Gun's crew), be voluntarily "deployed" into two
counter were present therein [EXC: only Mobile full-tracked AFV/dozers, Infantry not "HS" Mules, nor create any type of horse/SMC-Mule. Any scenario, which includes
Manhandling, horses being "led", and Cavalry may thusly exit across one of that Horses, players may elect to have some designated as “Mules”. in any scenario that
Panji counter's Covered hexsides, expending one MF/MP to cross it unless using a does not include Horses, players may opt to begin a scenario with dmGuns or
trench or subterranean passage]. See also 9.54. dmSW’s, which must ENTER from offboard, as being packed on Mules. However,
the same total amount of BPV for Mules is awarded to their opponent to purchase
9.7 REMOVAL: Panjis removal does not itself adversely affect a unit above that additional SW’s or MMC’s for his side.
Panjis Counter. If the Panjis counter is completely eliminated, that Unit is simply no
longer above a Panji counter. Aside from Falling Rubble/Terrain-Blaze, Panjis can be 10.11 PACK-TI: Except as stated otherwise, being marked with an Animal-Pack
removed only in the following ways: counter is equivalent to being TI and is referred to as being “Pack-TI”. Animal-Pack
9.71 CLEARANCE: A (predesignated) Covered hexside is changed to a non- counters are not removed at the end of the CCPh. The only Personnel unit that may
Covered hexside upon a successful Clearance DR, using the same principles and become Pack-TI is a non-PRC, Good Order crew counter of the same nationality as
procedures as given for Clearing wire. No unit above a Panji counter may attempt, the Pack Gun it possesses. Such a crew may become Pack-TI only during RPh at the
direct or assist in Clearance (including path creation; 2.7). start of any friendly Player Turn. A Pack-TI crew may conduct any type of activity
that is normally prohibited by TI status, but if it does — or if it loses its Good Order
9.711 Each squad in a Panjis hex may elect to attempt to clear the Panjis away from status (or pinned [GIA]) — it immediately loses its Pack-TI status (remove the
ONE hexside by rolling equal to or less than its firepower factor with two dice during Animal-Pack counter) unless stated otherwise (e.g., see 10.31-.33). A crew is subject
the Prep Fire Phase. Each squad must roll separately, but if successful the Panjis to Hazardous Movement penalties same as TI while in Pack-TI status, regardless of
along that hexside is immediately removed. phase. Each attack conducted by a Pack-TI crew is modified as Area Fire [EXC: TI
9.712 A leader in the Panjis hex may add his leadership modifier to one squad’s DRM apply in CC]. A Pack-TI Pack-Gun/Mule may not be fired, Pushed, moved or
clearance die roll. advanced. Once Pack-TI, neither a Pack Gun nor a Mule can lose that status until it
9.713 All units engaging in Panjis clearing attempts may neither move or fire during has completed an Packing/Unpacking Period (10.3).
that player turn regardless of the success or failure of the wire clearing attempt. Place
a TI counter on top of any unit making a clearance DR. 10.2 ANIMAL-PACKING: Any MTR capable of being dismantled, as well as any
9.714 A Demolition Charge can double as a Bangalore torpedo and thus be used to other Gun allowed by an Ordnance Note (see also 10.61), may be Animal-Packed;
clear a Panjis hexside. The hexside being “cleared” by a DC is across the hexside however, the Gun must be dm/limbered prior to being packed/unpacked. Only a Mule
from which the charge was placed. All procedures of Demolition Charge placement counter may Animal-Pack a Gun, and may Animal-Pack only one such Gun at a time.
(23) apply and a KIA result successfully “clears” the Panjis hexside during the The Gun being Animal-Packed is placed on top of the Mule; while on the Mule it may
Advancing Fire Phase. never be fired, Pushed, hooked up, unlimbered or assembled, and is considered to be
9.715 Artillery bombardment is generally ineffective against most fortifications possessed by the crew "accompanying" that Mule [EXC: in a panji Location the crew
such as wire and Panjis but occasionally a heavy shelling cleared such obstacles. is "accompanying" the Mule only if both of those units are above or beneath that
Panjis hexsides can be removed from the target hex with a KIA result during artillery Panji counter]. A Gun being Animal-Packed is not considered a portaged SW for MF
bombardments of 80mm or more. The number of Panjis Hexsides cleared is purposes, nor is it eliminated if its un-"accompanied" Mule is in terrain that calls for
determined by the number of KIA results ABOVE the final KIA result itself. (EX: A the elimination of unpossessed equipment [EXC: if unloaded therein; 10.31]. A non-
150mm OBA Bombardment results in a DR of 4 on the 30 Col. on the IFT, which Mule horse may not Animal-Pack a Gun of any type, nor may a Mule Animal-Pack a
results in a KIA. Three hexsides are cleared since there is three KIA results total non-Pack Gun.
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10.21 STACKING: A crew possessing an Animal-Packed Gun is considered the 10.7 SW: SW of all MMG, HMG, light mortars and 37mm INF types may be
equivalent of a squad for stacking purposes. Animal-Packed, but must be dm if possible. For Animal-Pack rules purposes only,
consider each such SW as equivalent to a Gun. Animal-Pack rules apply in the normal
10.3 PACKING/UNPACKING: To Pack/Unpack a Gun onto/from its Mule, the manner, with the following differences. The SW may be Packed/Unpacked by any
crew and the Mule must all occupy the same terrain while in the same Location (e.g., MMC that could operate it with neither Captured- nor Non-Qualified-Use penalties. A
all of them must be beneath any Panji counter in their Location, (an entrenched crew SW voluntarily unloaded into prohibited terrain (10.31) is not eliminated if its
cannot Pack/Unpack a Gun because the Mule cannot occupy the entrenchment). An presence would otherwise be allowed there; if involuntarily unloaded (as per 10.4)
Animal-Pack counter is placed above the Gun, Mule and crew during the initial RPh into such terrain, it is eliminated as if unpossessed [EXC: if on a Bank counter;
of a friendly Player Turn. All must then remain Pack-TI for one complete Game Turn 10.31].
called the Packing/Unpacking Period. For Animal-Pack purposes, a complete Game
11. CAVES
Turn runs from (and includes) the start of the first friendly RPh of that Players Game
Turn through to the end of the next RPh of the next friendly Players Game Turn. If
the crew for any reason loses its Pack-TI status prior to the end of the
Packing/Unpacking Period, the Game Turn in which this occurs no longer counts
toward the time needed to complete the Packing/Unpacking Period. When the Gun, <> <> <> <>
Mule and crew have remained Pack-TI for the required Game Turn, the
Packing/Unpacking Period has been completed; the Animal-Pack counter is then 11.1 Cave Counters are Fortifications that are available only to the Japanese. 22
removed at the end of the RPh, and normal capabilities return to all involved. in a They may be set up only prior to the start of the scenario, with a theoretical maximum
night scenario the Packing/Unpacking Period is always twice its normal length. of six per hex (i.e., one per hexside, as determined by their CA; 11.12). Each Cave
counter represents a separate subterranean Location (referred to hereafter as a cave),
10.31 If a Pack Gun is unloaded into a fordable Water Obstacle, non-dry stream, with its own aboveground entrance, in its hex. Caves have a Rally-Bonus and are
Irrigated paddy, marsh, swamp or onto a Bank counter the Gun is eliminated. considered as Concealment Terrain [EXC: see 11.33]. For cave setup purposes see
also 11.91. A Cave counter may be set up either in a Depression (including a Sunken
10.32 dm/LlMBERED: If otherwise allowed, a Pack-TI Gun may be Road {GIA 151} or a Hill Depression {HL/NA 188.121}), or in a non-Depression
repaired/[un]dismantled/[un]limbered in the normal manner, but only by a Pack-TI (including an Elevated Road; {GIA 156}) hex that shares a hill/cliff Crest Line
crew and only if the Gun is not currently loaded on a Mule. Such actions cause no hexside with another hex whose Base Level is lower than the Base Level of the Cave
loss of Pack-TI status, nor does the subsequent loss of that TI status negate any of counter's hex; however, no Cave counter may be set up in a building, rubble, marsh,
those actions. swamp or Water Obstacle hex or in a non-dry stream. Each Cave counter set up in a
non-Depression hex must have its arrow pointing across a hill/cliff Crest Line hexside
10.33 If a player Unpacking a Gun decides to Pack it back onto the Mule (or vice- (of its hex) to the center dot of an adjacent lower-Base-Level hex that contains no
versa) while all involved are Pack-TI, he states this intention in the RPh during the Irrigated-paddy/sand/marsh/swamp/water (even a hexside pond) whose level is that
initial RPh of a Game Turn. The new Packing/Unpacking Period then begins, and cave's level (11.11). Each Cave counter set up in a Depression must have its arrow
lasts a complete Game Turn (as defined in 10.3) equal to the net number already spent pointing directly away from a non-Depression hexside (of its hex) whose other
Packing/Unpacking the Gun, but otherwise the same procedures are followed and common hex has a Base Level (or Crest level - whichever is higher) > that cave's
cause no loss of Pack-TI status. [EXC: If the Gun was unloaded from its Mule level, and that arrow must also point across a Depression (including a Crest-Line-
involuntarily (i.e., via a 10.4 dr), the new Packing Period would be determined as per Depression; {see COI 80 Gullies}) hexside to an adjacent Depression hex. [EX: A
10.3.] unit in 24D9 can be seen from all level -1 hexes in hex row D, and also from C10, E4,
E5, E6, F4, F5, and the Crest Status level of E7 (along Crest hexside E7-F7). A unit
10.4 VULNERABILITY: Whenever a Mule is eliminated or Casualty-Reduced in E7 cannot have a LOS into D9 due to the cliff hexside in E7 (11.21). A unit in E8
while Animal-Packing a Gun and/or Pack-TI, the attacker makes a subsequent dr on cannot see INTO D9 because its LOS crosses the vertex of the D8-D9 Crest Line-
the following table to find the effect on the Gun: Depression hexside - as does the LOS from C8.] in all cases, the hexside a Cave
counter's arrow points to is called its CA Hexside. No two caves in the same hex may
have the same CA Hexside. If a cave is set up in a non-Depression hex, the other hex
common to its CA Hexside is termed its Entrance Hex. If a cave is set up in a
Depression, its own hex is its Entrance Hex. Only Infantry/SW/a-non-vehicular-Gun
may be set up in a cave. The non-hidden contents of a cave are placed onboard
beneath that Cave counter, while all aboveground contents of the hex are placed (and
considered to be) above all Cave counters in that hex.
11.11 LEVEL: The cave's elevation level is determined as follows. If the Cave
counter is set up:
11.111 in a Depression, the cave's level equals the Base Level of its Entrance Hex;
11.112 in a non-Depression hex and its CA Hexside is a non-cliff hexside or a one-
10.41 All applicable results of the dr occur immediately, with no other penalty. If level cliff, the cave's level equals the Base Level (or Crest level—whichever is
Low Ammo occurs, mark the Gun with a Low Ammo counter (which changes its higher) of its Entrance Hex;
current B# to an X# and creates a new B# one < that new X#). If a Pack-TI Mule is 11.113 in a non-Depression hex and its CA Hexside is a cliff hexside two levels
eliminated/Casualty-Reduced after its Pack-TI Gun has been unloaded, the dr is still high, the cave's level is chosen by the Cave counter's owner but must be the Base
made; however, all dr results other than the occurrence of Low Ammo are ignored. Level (or Crest level—whichever is higher) of its Entrance Hex and < the Base Level
The effects of each Low Ammo occurrence (including SSR-designated Ammunition of the Cave counter's hex. A cave set up in this manner should use the side of a Cave
Shortage) vs the same Animal-Packed/Pack-TI Gun are cumulative (place extra Low counter with "L0", "L1", "L2" or "L3" on it to indicate the cave's actual level (see the
Ammo counters on it as called for). A Gun that survives a dr on this table must still go 11.6 illustration). If a cave's level is > the Base Level (or Crest Level - whichever is
through a complete 10.3 Packing/Unpacking Period (no Mule is required if it was higher) of its Entrance Hex, that cave is termed an Upper-Cliff cave.
eliminated) before it can lose its Pack-TI status.
11.12 COVERED ARC: The arrow on each Cave counter indicates the direction of
10.42 (Guns as Targets) does not apply to a Gun being Animal-Packed, but does its CA, which differs significantly from a normal (SQL 29.4) CA in that it comprises
once the Gun has been unloaded. Any gun shield on a Pack Gun is considered non- the cave's Entrance Hex plus the area between (and including) an extension of the two
existent while the Gun is Pack-TI/being Animal-Packed. hexspines of that Cave counter's hex that touch the vertices of its CA Hexside. [The
arrow points to a single HEXSIDE with the two adjoining hexsides to the left and
10.5 COLUMN: A Mule may be part of a Column. right as forming the CA of the Cave Entrance] The CA of a Cave counter excludes
all (even Aerial) Locations in that Cave counter's hex, other than that of the cave itself
10.6 DYO: A Horse/Gun purchased for Animal-Pack purposes retains its normal [EXC: the CA of a Cave counter in a Depression includes the area in its hex]. A
BPV. in the Purchase Roster entry for the Horse, write down "Mule" and record its ID target hex half in and half out of a cave's CA is considered to be completely within
letter. that CA [in most cases a firer that must fire within a given CA must have the hex
containing the target completely within its CA - merely having the vertex (or hexside)
10.61 GUNS: in addition to the Guns mentioned in 10.2, the German *MTR and aiming point forming a part of the boundary of its CA is normally insufficient, but in
*INF, the Russian *MTR and 76* INF, and the U.S. 75 ART, *INF, *MTR may be this case it is allowed.], even though part of that hex actually is outside that CA. A
used as Pack Guns by their respective nationalities. Cave counter can never have its CA changed during play, and must have it recorded
Rough Draft 16 100920
 BLOOD & SAND
when set up using HIP. For the CA of a Gun in a cave, see 11.92. 11.51 CONTINUOUS SLOPE: If the LOS from a unit in a cave whose CA
Hexside is also a hill (only) Crest Line hexside lies along a Continuous Slope when
11.2 CAVE COMPLEXES: Cave Complexes are Fortifications that are available
disregarding the Cave counter's hex, then a Continuous Slope is considered to exist
only to the Japanese. Up to 25% (FRD) of the original number (see 11.91) of Cave
from that cave along that LOS.
counters in the Japanese OB may be considered Primary Cave counters. Each
Primary Cave counter has an associated Cave Complex that abstractly represents a 11.52 RIGHT OF INSPECTION: An opponent may not inspect the contents of a
series of underground passageways extending from the cave's Location, thus enabling cave/Cave-Complex, but he can demand verification of an action taken by a unit in a
Japanese Infantry to move unseen from one point to another. Each Cave Complex cave (only).
comprises the hex that contains its Primary Cave counter plus any/all other hexes
11.6 ADJACENT/ACCESSIBLE: Each cave is Accessible to all other caves that
within two hexes of that counter [EXC: no hex containing any Irrigated-
lie in the same hex with it and within one level of it. Each cave is also Accessible to
paddy/sand/marsh/swamp/Water-Obstacle (including a hexside pond)/non-dry-stream
the Cave Complex (if any) whose boundaries it is set up within. Each Cave Complex
may ever be a Cave Complex hex, nor may a Cave Complex extend past any such
is Accessible to each cave set up within its boundaries, to each other Complex it
hex(es) (or past any sunken/elevated road hex(es)) so as to isolate any hex(es) of that
touches (i.e., shares one common hexside with), and to each other Location connected
Complex from the rest of its hexes; Cave Complexes may not overlap (i.e., each hex
to it by a tunnel (11.933) [EXC: despite being defined as Accessible, a Cave Complex
that would be inside the boundaries of two Cave Complexes must be assigned {on the
cannot be entered during the APh from another Cave Complex that touches it; 11.73].
CCSS; 11.32} to just one of them)]. No Primary Cave counter may be set up in an
A unit is ADJACENT to a cave if Japanese Infantry in that unit's Location would
elevated road hex. Each Cave Complex is both Rally-Bonus and Concealment
have a LOS to that cave and could advance directly into it.
Terrain, and is considered one multi-hex, subterranean Location separate from all
other Locations (even pillbox/cave Locations set up within its boundaries). Only 11.7 CAVE ENTRY: A cave may be entered from aboveground only from its
Infantry/SW/non-vehicular-Gun(s) may be set up in a Cave Complex. Entrance Hex, and from belowground only from an Accessible (11.6) cave/Cave-
Complex. Only Japanese Infantry (and their SW/Manhandled Gun/Guarded-
11.3 HIP: Cave counters, as well as their contents, are always considered to be in
prisoner[s]) may enter a cave [EXC: a Gun may enter a cave only from an Accessible
Concealment Terrain regardless of the other terrain in their hex and always set up
Cave Complex; 11.76], and their normal cost to do so is two MF [EXC: see 11.751].
hidden. Cave Complexes and their contents always set up hidden. HIP for caves,
Entry of an Upper-Cliff cave (11.113) from aboveground requires Climbing (GIA
Cave Complexes, and their contents is in addition to all other HIP allowed to the
162.4).
Japanese side. Normal rules for HIP and HlP-loss apply to Cave counters (SQL 42)
and their contents except as stated otherwise (see 11.31 and 11.75). A Cave counter 11.71 SAME-HEX ENTRY: Entry of a cave from an Accessible (11.6) cave in the
set up in a jungle, kunai or bamboo hex is considered to occupy that terrain type for same non-Depression hex costs one additional MF per level change [EXC: see
the purposes of a Fortification, provided its CA Hexside is not also a cliff hexside. 11.751]. Entry of a cave in a Depression is possible from above-ground only from in
When a Cave counter is revealed it is placed onboard, but its hidden contents are not that Cave counter's hex. Infantry in a cave in a Depression who wish to enter another
unless their "?"-Loss action revealed that Cave counter [EXC: Searching; 11.33]. cave in that same hex must first exit to above-ground in that hex (see 11.72), and then
make a separate MF expenditure to enter the other cave [EXC: see 11.751]. They
11.31 HIDDEN ACTIONS: Currently hidden Infantry (and their
may do this even during the APh if otherwise allowed.
SW/Gun/prisoner[s]), even if not originally set up using HIP and even if not in Good
Order, that conduct a "?"-Loss activity to-enter/while-in a cave or Cave Complex 11.72 CAVE EXIT: Infantry in a cave in a non-Depression hex exit directly to
remain hidden if no Good Order enemy ground unit within 16 hexes currently has a aboveground by crossing that cave's CA Hexside to its Entrance Hex; normal hex-
LOS to them. If they remain hidden, that activity is indicated in their Cloaking Box entry principles and MF costs apply [EXC: an Upper-Cliff cave may be thusly exited
(see 11.32) in the proper manner but need not be announced to the opponent23. only by Climbing]. Exiting directly to aboveground from a cave in a Depression
leaves the Infantry in that same (i.e., in that cave's Entrance) hex; the normal cost to
11.32 CAVE-COMPLEX SETUP SHEET (CCSS): The hidden setup of caves,
enter INTO that aboveground Location is one MF (like exiting a pillbox). For exiting
Cave Complexes, and their contents is recorded on the CCSS by their owner, using
a cave into a Cave Complex see 11.73.
these symbols. Each hidden Cave counter (and its contents) is set up in the Cloaking
Box whose ID letter corresponds to that of the Cave counter. The contents of each 11.73 CAVE COMPLEX: A Cave Complex may be entered only from an
Cave Complex are set up in the Cloaking Box whose two-letter ID corresponds to the Accessible (11.6) cave/Cave-Complex/tunnel (11.933), but such entry costs no MF
single-letter ID of that Complex's Primary Cave counter. Each cave's ID letter is (11.751). Infantry may not rout from a Cave Complex, nor may they advance from
recorded in the proper hex on the CCSS to show its hidden onboard position. one Complex to another.
11.321 Other hidden Fortifications may be recorded on the CCSS, as may units and 11.74 RESTRICTIONS: The Inherent MF allotment of every Infantry unit (even if
weapons using normal HIP. Additional symbols for these are shown on this link. wounded/berserk/Conscript/SMC) is four MF, and no Double-Time/leader MF bonus
can apply, during a MPh or APh in which it enters a cave or Cave Complex.
11.33 SEARCH & RECON: A Search successfully conducted vs a hidden Cave
However, regardless of phase, an Infantry unit may enter a cave or Cave Complex
counter's hex—even by a unit not in the cave's CA—reveals all Cave counters in that
from an Accessible cave/Cave-Complex only if it has two MF available (considering
hex and their contents. A Recon conducted vs a hidden Cave counter's hex reveals all
its SMC PP bonus and possessed SW PP, if any), even if its move requires no MF
Cave counters in that hex but not their contents (11.3). Search/Recon cannot be used
expenditure (11.751); neither a Minimum Move, nor advance into Difficult Terrain
vs a Cave-Complex/its-contents. A cave does not invoke the +2 Search drm; i.e., it is
can be used for such entry. Infantry that enter a cave (even from above-ground) or
not considered Concealment Terrain vs a Search.
Cave Complex cannot enter another cave, Cave Complex or tunnel during that same
11.4 STACKING: Each cave has a stacking capacity of one squad-equivalent phase.
(Overstacking can still occur), separate from (i.e., in addition to) normal hex stacking
EX: A Japanese squad carrying six PP may neither move nor advance from a cave
limits. This is indicated on each Cave counter by the left-hand numeral in its Strength
to an Accessible Cave Complex (or vice-versa), because it has only one MP to expend
Factor. For Guns in caves see also 11.92. The stacking limits of a Cave Complex
and cannot use Double Time. A Leader stacked with it could not apply his MF bonus,
equal twice the number of Cave counters originally set up within its boundaries.
but if he has two MF available he could add his IPC to the squad's to increase its
Overstacking can occur in a Cave Complex [EXC: NA during setup], but no unbroken
available MF to two, thereby enabling them to enter (as a stack) an Accessible cave or
unit/stack may enter an already-Over stacked Complex if its entry would increase the
Cave Complex.
squad equivalency therein. All units and equipment in the same Cave Complex are
assumed to be stacked together. Note that Infantry in the cave(s)/tunnel(s)/pillbox(es) 11.75 HIDDEN MOVEMENT: Currently hidden Infantry (and their SW/Gun),
within the boundaries of a Cave Complex are not part of that Complex and so do not even if not originally set up using HIP, that enter a cave from an Accessible
count towards its stacking limits. cave/Cave-Complex or that enter a pillbox from a Cave Complex (through a
connecting tunnel; 11.932-.933) may remain hidden if no Good Order enemy ground
11.5 LOS: LOS to/from a cave is traced to/from the cave hex's center dot and the
unit within 16 hexes has a LOS to their new Location when they enter it. If such a
cave's level, but can exist only if traced entirely within that cave's CA (exclusive of its
LOS does exist, they are placed onboard concealed and thereafter are subject to
CA Hexside vertices only if the cave is in a Depression; see Hillside Depressions.
normal "?"-loss rules [EXC: if in Open Ground in a Depression as they exit one Cave
Hence no LOS exists between different caves neither in the same hex, nor between
to enter another thereIN, they are completely revealed if such a LOS exists]. A
the Aerial and cave Location(s) of the same hex, nor between a cave and the
hidden unit/stack that exits a cave to above-ground is immediately placed onboard
aboveground Base-Level Location of its non-Depression hex. Barring other LOS
concealed but its "?" can be lost (even instantly) as per normal "?"-Loss rules [EXC: it
obstructions, LOS may be traced within the CA of a cave in a non-Depression hex
may remain hidden if exiting one cave to enter another in the same hex, provided no
to/from an elevation lower than the cave's if its Entrance Hex contains no terrain
Good Order enemy ground unit within 16 hexes currently has a LOS INTO that hex].
(including a Crest Line) whose obstacle height along that LOS is > that cave's level.
Infantry that enter/exit a hidden cave to/from aboveground need not reveal the
No LOS ever exists to/from a Cave Complex, but always exists between units in the
hexside (if any) they have just "crossed". When non-hidden Infantry (even if not in
same Complex. If a cave's CA Hexside is also a cliff hexside, no LOS exists between
Good Order) enter a cave that no Good Order enemy ground unit within 16 hexes
that cave and a Climbing unit at a vertex of that CA Hexside and at a different level
Currently has a LOS to, they (and their SW/Gun/prisoner[s]) may immediately
than that cave.
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become hidden; i.e., they may be removed from the board (instead of being moved Hex), with all DRM (including the cave's +4 TEM) applying in the normal manner
into that cave/Cave-Complex) and placed in the appropriate Cloaking Box. Infantry in [EXC: it does not attack the cave (and its contents) if it and the cave are now at
a cave cannot become hidden at the end of their CCPh. All Infantry, even if not different levels; it does not attack any other cave or cave contents in that Entrance
originally set up using HIP and even if not in Good Order, automatically Hex].
become/remain hidden as they enter a Cave Complex.
11.751 MF COST: Infantry that enter a non-hidden Cave expend no MF to do so if
they remain hidden (11.75) when they enter it. Infantry that enter a hidden cave
expend no MF to do so. Entry of a Cave Complex costs no MF.
11.76 MANHANDLING: A Gun [EXC: one with a Large Target Size] may be
Pushed during the MPh by a MMC (or its SMC equivalent) from a cave to an
Accessible Cave Complex (or vice-versa) as per 11.75-.751. No Manhandling DR is
needed. Manhandling into/out-of a cave/Cave-Complex/tunnel is otherwise NA.
11.77 ROUTING: A broken Japanese unit need not rout to the nearest
woods/building if it can rout to a cave that is at least as close (in MF). A broken unit
in a cave or Cave Complex is not required to rout to the nearest woods/building. A
broken but non-DM unit in a cave is made DM by the presence of an ADJACENT
(11.6) enemy unit in the normal manner. A broken unit in a Cave Complex cannot
voluntarily remain DM, nor can it rout out of that Complex (11.73).
11.8331 CLIMBING: An unpinned, Good Order Infantry unit at a higher elevation
11.8 TEM & ATTACK EFFECTS: A cave has a +4 TEM [EXC: its TEM is +6 vs than a cave but not in its CA may attempt to Place a DC into it by declaring such and
OBA/Area-Target-Type attacks]. This is indicated on the counter by "1+4+6" in the moving onto a Climb counter whose arrow touches a vertex of that cave's CA Hexside
Strength Factor. Cave TEM is not cumulative with any other +/- TEM, but is (or, for a cave in a Depression, touches a vertex of the hexside the Cave counter's
cumulative with SMOKE DRM. A cave is considered an Interior Building Location arrow points directly away from). This type of Climbing is allowed even along a non-
for all weather- and environment-related effects (only); i.e., no wind, rain, snow, dust, cliff hexside—in which case the Climb counter is placed in the cave's hex; 25 such a
fog, mud, etc. can ever exist in a cave. Any unit/weapon that fires out of an Climbing unit is considered to be in the hex containing its Climb counter and in the
Overstacked cave is subject to Area Fire (as well as normal Overstacking) penalties. Location specified by the level of that counter. All Climbing rules apply except as
A unit in a cave cannot claim Wall Advantage. Non-hidden, non-prisoner Infantry in stated otherwise (e.g., no Falling DR is made unless the unit is actually Climbing a
caves are eligible sniper targets. No type of attack can affect a Cave Complex or its cliff hexside and must change level). The Climbing unit may attempt to Place its DC
contents in any way [EXC: see 11.88]. only when it is one level above the cave. The attempt is allowed despite the fact that
no LOS exists between the unit and the cave. No extra MF expenditure is required for
11.81 (NON-)HIDDEN CAVES: Each attack [EXC: Area Target Type; OBA;
Placement. When the Placement attempt is made, the ATTACKER must make a
Aerial bombs; Residual FP; Bombardment] vs a hex that contains one Known (to the
subsequent dr as per 11.833 (i.e., as if he were Throwing the DC); if the dr is
firer) cave must predesignate one such cave in that hex as its target if it wishes to
unsuccessful, the DC is eliminated without detonating.
possibly affect that cave/its-contents; once one cave is predesignated, no other
Location in that hex can be "hit" by that attack [EXC: Spraying Fire (11.811); FT 11.8332 SET DC: A DC may be Set in a cave by an Allied unit even though that
(11.834); canister (11.836)]. Neither a hidden cave nor its contents may be unit cannot enter the cave. Normal Set DC rules apply except as stated otherwise.
predesignated as a target, included as part of any Random Selection DR, or The unit must spend its entire MPh to Set the DC while ADJACENT (11.6) to the
hit/affected by any attack other than Bombardment (11.841) [EXC: a FT can also cave. If the cave's CA Hexside is also a hill/cliff Crest Line hexside, the Setting unit
attack the occupants of all Accessible caves (11.834); WP can reveal all Accessible must also be declared to be occupying a specified vertex of the cave's CA Hexside at
caves (11.851).] the same level as the cave. This may require the Setting unit to be on a Crest/Climb
counter in certain situations; however, a unit Setting a DC while on a Crest counter
11.811 SPRAYING FIRE: Provided they are predesignated targets (11.81),
cannot claim its entrenchment TEM. A unit on a Climb counter may Set a DC only
Spraying Fire can affect two (only) cave Locations that are within one level of each
vs a cave/its-contents. When Set, the DC is put in the cave Location. If no
other and share a common CA Hexside vertex. However, a Spraying Fire attack
unconcealed Good Order Japanese MMC is in the cave when the Set DC dr is made,
cannot include > one cave Location if it includes a non-cave Location, nor can one
that DC receives an extra -4 DRM for IFT (not malfunction) purposes.
that includes two non-cave Locations include any cave Location.
11.834 FT: A FT attack vs a cave can affect only the occupant(s) of that cave
11.812 CONCEALMENT: Hidden/concealed status in a cave neither halves the FP
Location [EXC: if the cave is in a non-Depression hex, the FT also attacks the
of, nor adds a TH DRM to, attacks vs its occupants. However, all other HIP/"?"
occupants of all (even hidden) caves Accessible (11.6) to that cave, using the same FP
benefits apply unchanged.
quartered and the same Original IFT DR].
11.83 SW/GUNS: Neither mortar nor AA fire is allowed from a cave [EXC: a
11.835 SCW & HEAT: A SCW [EXC: PIAT] fired from a cave causes a Backblast
Japanese light mortar 24 may be fired from a cave unless its Entrance Hex is a dense-
penalty (GIA 146.22) [EXC: firing a SCW other than a PIAT from an Upper-Cliff
jungle/bamboo hex whose total obstacle height exceeds that cave's level]. Each Gun
cave always causes a Desperation penalty]. HEAT may be fired at Infantry/Gun in a
in a cave is considered to have a normal (i.e., neither Small nor Large) Target Size for
cave.
TH purposes. Leaders in a cave may Spot for mortars in the normal manner.
11.836 CANISTER: Canister FP is halved vs a cave (prior to all other
11.831 AREA TARGET TYPE: A non-hidden cave and its contents are immune
modifications). However, canister can affect the occupants of all in-LOS caves that its
to any Target Type attacks whose LOS/LOF enters its hex outside of its CA Hexside.
firer has predesignated, as well as each aboveground Location that is within one level
For bomb attacks vs caves see also 11.86.
of (and in the same hex with) a cave being attacked by that canister.
11.832 ACQUISITION: When using the Infantry Target Type, Target Acquisition
11.837 RADIO/FIELD-PHONE: A radio may be used in a cave only if it has
may be gained/retained vs a Known (to the firer) cave even if that cave contains no
remained therein since the scenario's initial setup. A field phone may be used in a
Known enemy unit (/even if firing SMOKE as per 11.85).
cave; moreover, its Security Area (COD Supplement H) may partially comprise a line
11.833 DC: A DC may be Placed into a cave only by an unpinned, Good Order, of contiguous, Accessible cave/Cave-Complex Locations even if their hexes do not
non-Climbing Infantry unit that expends two MF (cave entry cost), plus any required have the same coordinate letter or number. The subterranean portions of a Security
SMOKE MF cost, to Place it while ADJACENT (11.6) to the cave—or as per Area are immune to DR results that would cause the field phone line to be cut [EXC:
11.8331. A DC may be Thrown into a cave only by an adjacent, unpinned, Good any HE FFE Original KIA DR vs, or the elimination of, a cave Location that is part of
Order, non-Climbing Thrower who is not more than one level lower than, and who the Security Area].
has a LOS to, that cave - and only if the Thrower's owner makes a subsequent Final dr
11.84 OBA: A non-hidden cave and its contents are immune to OBA unless the
(∆) of ≤ 3 using the following drm (as applicable): +1 if the cave's level is > that of
attack vs its hex crosses that cave's CA hexside. For this purpose, OBA is considered
the Thrower; +1 if the Thrower is in a moving/Motion vehicle; -1 if the Thrower is
traced from the center of the road exiting the firer's Friendly Board Edge at hexrow Q,
ADJACENT (11.6) to the cave; and -1 if the Thrower is Heroic/Fanatic. When
or at hex A5/6 or GG5/6, as applicable [EXC: a non-Aerial Offboard Observer's hex
detonated, a DC operably-Placed/successfully-Thrown into a cave attacks only that
always serves as that hex for its battery].
cave and its contents, and receives no DRM of any kind [EXC: a Placed DC receives
a -4 DRM if no unconcealed Good Order Japanese MMC was in the cave when it was 11.841 BOMBARDMENT: A cave has a Morale Level of 11 vs Bombardment.
Placed]. If a Thrown-DC dr is unsuccessful, that DC falls unpossessed to the Base Every cave in a Bombarded hex must take a NMC. If it passes it is unaffected, its
Level of that cave's Entrance Hex and (unless it malfunctions) will attack that cave, its contents take no Bombardment MC, and all HIP therein is retained. If the cave fails
contents and its Entrance Hex (and the Thrower's Location, if not in that Entrance its NMC, it and all of its contents are eliminated; if they are hidden, this is done
Rough Draft 18 100920
 BLOOD & SAND
without telling the opponent where the elimination(s) occurred or what was Primary cave of a Cave Complex. If the Japanese OB contains only one, two or three
eliminated (except for VP/ELR purposes as per 11.88). caves, one Upper-Cliff cave may be set up but the remaining caves (if any) are
forfeited; and, regardless of whether one, two or three caves are set up, they do not
11.85 SMOKE: SMOKE may be placed in a Cave counter's hex in the normal
grant the Japanese side a Cave Complex (since 25% [FRD] of one, two or three is
manner, in which case the SMOKE counter is placed (and considered to be) above all
zero).
Cave counters in that hex. Each SMOKE-grenade/Direct-Fire-ordnance attempt to
place SMOKE into a cave itself must predesignate that cave as its target; such 11.92 GUNS: One non-vehicular Gun of any type and Caliber/Target Size may be
attempts may be made even during a Heavy Wind. Indirect Fire cannot place Smoke set up in each cave [EXC: NA if it is being Animal-Packed]. While one Gun occupies
in a cave, but can place WP in a cave if it achieves a WP CH vs that non-hidden cave a cave, no other Gun may be set up in or enter (or be re-assembled from a dm SW in)
Location. WP successfully placed (by any means) in a cave is automatically a CH that Location. The CA of a Gun in a cave always utilizes its normal VCA from
therein, and uses the reversed TEM applicable to that type of attack. Smoke within a cave but its available LOS coincides within that Cave counter's CA at all
dispensers (D13) cannot place smoke in a cave. An attempt to place SMOKE times—but this itself does not prevent it from being Pushed from that cave into an
grenades in a cave may be made if the placing unit is either in, or is in a position Accessible Cave Complex or vice-versa.
where a DC could be Thrown into (11.833), that cave. Such an attempt made from
11.93 FORTIFICATIONS: No Fortification may exist in a cave/Cave-Complex;
aboveground succeeds only upon making a Final Thrown-DC dr of ≤ 3 as per 11.833
however, a tunnel may connect to a Cave Complex as per 11.933. All Fortifications in
(i.e., as if the unit were Throwing a DC). Each 1/2" SMOKE counter placed in a cave
a Cave counter's hex retain their normal capabilities and effects, but only outside that
remains onboard (beneath that Cave counter) and in effect until the end of the Player
cave and at their normal setup level.
Turn in which it was placed. A Direct-Fire ordnance attempt to place SMOKE in a
cave requires the firer to have a LOS to the target cave and to use the Infantry Target 11.931 WIRE: Infantry exiting a cave directly into/INTO a wire Location are
Type. The +2 Basic TH modification for firing SMOKE at 12 hexes is NA, but the placed above that Wire counter.
cave's +4 TEM (TH Case Q) applies. If the Final TH DR yields a hit (and the Original
TH DR is ≤ the SMOKE Depletion number), the appropriate SMOKE is placed 11.932 PILLBOX: Infantry in a pillbox cannot enter a cave/Cave-Complex without
beneath the Cave counter. Acquisition may be gained (11.832), and retaining Multiple first entering the aboveground Location in their hex [EXC: they may enter a Cave
ROF is possible. A predesignated attempt to place SMOKE in a cave, which fails only Complex (and Infantry may enter a pillbox from a Cave Complex) via a connecting
due to too high a subsequent-dr/TH-DR, causes the SMOKE (if created) to be placed tunnel; 11.933]. See also 11.75.
at the Base Level of that cave's Entrance Hex, but no WP NMC ensues from that 11.933 TUNNELS: Standard tunnel rules apply to tunnels connected to Cave
attempt. SMOKE in a cave is not considered to exist in the rest of that hex, nor does Complexes except as stated otherwise. For the purposes of Rules Section G11, a
SMOKE above all Cave counters in a hex exist in those caves. Contrary to the tunnel is considered one subterranean Location Accessible to the two Locations it
"outgoing LOS" DRM of SMOKE in a cave equals twice that SMOKE's current connects, and the two Locations it connects are considered Accessible to each other
maximum applicable DRM (instead of an additional +1). [EXC to both: a tunnel may be entered only during the MPh/RtPh]. A tunnel may
11.851 SMOKE never drifts into/out-of a cave. However, when a WP counter in a connect an above-ground Location to a Cave Complex or connect two different Cave
cave is flipped to its Dispersed +1 side, and when any (i.e., 1/2" or 5/8") WP counter in Complexes—but may never enter/exit a hex that contains any Irrigated-
a cave is removed from play (even via elimination of that Cave counter), all other paddy/sand/marsh/swamp/Water-Obstacle (including hexside-pond)/non-dry-stream.
hidden caves Accessible to that cave, plus all other hidden caves set up within the Otherwise, within its three-hex length limit, a tunnel may have a subterranean
boundaries of the same Cave Complex (if any) which that cave is set up within, plus entrance/exit in any hex of a Cave Complex. A tunnel connected to a Cave Complex
the above-ground entrances/exits of all tunnels that connect to that Complex, are may change elevations, but not more than one level per hex, and must always lie one
immediately revealed (regardless of LOS), provided they are also at a higher level level lower than the Base Level (or, for an Interior Building Hex, than the ground
than that cave. No SMOKE can ever exist in a Cave Complex. A hidden pillbox is not level) of its hex [EXC: any tunnel entrance or exit not in a Cave Complex is assumed
revealed just because a tunnel entrance/exit in it is; the tunnel's owner states merely to lie at the Base Level (or, for an Interior Building Hex, at the ground level) of its
that a tunnel opening exists in that hex.26 hex]. A tunnel entrance/exit revealed by WP (11.851) may be Recovered and
subsequently destroyed even if no Japanese unit has used it in Allied LOS.
11.86 AERIAL: A non-hidden cave is considered a building for Sighting TC (E7.3)
purposes. If a FB/DB passes a Sighting TC vs a cave and declares that cave a 11.934 SEWERS: Sewers cannot connect to any other type of subterranean
designated target, all (including friendly) occupants of that cave's Entrance Hex which Location.
are in the plane's LOS are assumed to have been Sighted as well. Each Aerial attack 11.94 CONTROL: An unhidden cave not occupied by a Good Order Japanese
vs an Upper-Cliff-cave/its-contents receives an extra TH (for bombs) or IFT (for MG) MMC is considered Controlled by any Good Order Allied Infantry MMC
DRM equal to the difference in levels between it and the Base Level (or Crest level— ADJACENT (11.6) to it. Such Control remains in effect—regardless of that Allied
whichever is higher) of its Entrance Hex. Each Aerial attack vs a cave/its-contents is unit's subsequent status/presence—until the cave is occupied by a Good Order
also resolved simultaneously vs all Sighted units/targets in its Entrance Hex just as if Japanese MMC (even if hidden). A subterranean unit can Control only the Location it
the plane were attacking that Entrance Hex, using the same Original TH/IFT DR used presently occupies.
vs the cave but modified individually for each target. If Napalm (17.4) is used for a
bomb attack, the resulting Blaze and Smoke counters (17.41) are placed in the 11.95 FIRE: A Blaze in a cave/Cave-Complex hex but outside that subterranean
Entrance Hex unless otherwise prohibited. Location does not force that cave's/Cave-Complex's occupants to leave the hex (nor
would SMOKE rising from higher than their level affect them). Caves and Cave
11.87 CC: No type of CC attack is allowed between a unit in a cave and one outside Complexes are not Burnable Terrain.
of it.
11.96 NIGHT: A cave is illuminated only if its hex and its Entrance Hex are
11.88 ELIMINATION: A cave can be eliminated only by a DC attack, or by a HE illuminated. No Cave Complex can ever be illuminated. A unit moving in a cave or
[EXC: HE Equivalency] attack of ≥ 100mm, that is resolved in that cave [EXC: Cave Complex is not subject to Straying until it moves aboveground. Despite being
Bombardment (11.841); dozer (15.22)]. If the Original (Final, for a Set DC or for one Concealment Terrain, the MF entry cost of caves/Cave-Complexes is not increased at
Placed while no unconcealed Good Order Japanese MMC occupies the cave; 11.833) night.
IFT DR of the DC attack is a KIA, or if the HE attack is a CH, that Cave counter and
all of its contents are eliminated. A unit/SW/Gun in a Cave Complex is immediately 11.97 BERSERK: Infantry in a cave become Battle Hardened on a Final Heat of
eliminated when it lacks a legally traversable route (regardless of length) into-a- Battle DR of 9. No cave occupant is considered a Known enemy unit for berserk-
cave/to-above-ground. When this occurs, the opponent is not told exactly what was unit creation/charge purposes.
eliminated. He is informed of the Casualty VP he has thereby amassed, if scenario 11.98 PRISONERS: An Allied prisoner in a Cave Complex must have a Guard at
Victory Conditions requires him to amass Casualty VP; and he is informed of any all times, and cannot attack its Guard in CC. Should that Guard be eliminated anyway
change in the Japanese ELR due to resulting Battlefield Integrity effects. (e.g., by Fate) while no other unit is present/able to become the new Guard, the
11.9 MISCELLANEOUS: No cave or Cave Complex may be created/moved prisoner may attempt no action whatsoever. Any Allied unit that becomes
during play. rearmed/an-escaped-prisoner while in a cave is instantly moved to that cave's
Entrance Hex, regardless of Overstacking/enemy-units in that Location and even if
11.91 OB: The number of caves available to the Japanese is listed in their OB. the Allied unit must undergo a mine attack (or be put on a Climb counter) to enter it.
However, each cave set up as an Upper-Cliff cave (11.113) subtracts three from the
number of caves available for setup. Cave Complexes (11.2) are not listed in the 11.981 INTERROGATION: If a unit in a cave is revealed by Interrogation (COD
Japanese OB. The number of Cave Complexes available to the Japanese side is not 121.2), that cave is revealed as well. If a hidden Primary cave is revealed by
reduced by the setup of any Upper-Cliff cave(s). Interrogation, the prisoner player must announce that it is in fact a Primary cave.
Interrogation cannot reveal any Cave Complex contents.
EX: If the Japanese OB contains four Cave counters, they may be set up as four caves
that do not require Climbing to enter from aboveground, or as one such cave plus one 11.99 DYO: Only the Japanese side may purchase caves. Each Cave counter has a
Upper-Cliff cave. in both cases, one of those caves (owner's option) will also be the BPV of 20 prior to 1944, and of 10 in 1944-45.
Rough Draft 19 100920
 BLOOD & SAND
12. LANDING CRAFT sufficient elevation advantage to lower its CE DRM to < +2—will Stun that LC's
crew if it fails any MC caused by that attack. A SMC/MMC aboard an LCM(3)—
[Note: This rules section does not apply to amphibious vehicles.]
even if a Passenger on a vehicle being carried by that LC—suffers Casualty
12.1 Eight types of Landing Craft (LC) are provided in Blood & Sand. The Reduction whenever it fails a MC.
LCP(L), LCVP, LCA, LCM(3), LCT(4) and LCI(S) are U.S./British types, while the
12.14 RIDERS: No type of Rider is allowed on a LC or on any type of conveyance
Daihatsu and Shohatsu are Japanese. LC are treated as boats (COD 128) except as
aboard that LC.
stated otherwise, but the rules specific to assault boats and rafts do not apply. LC are
also considered vehicles; however, they are not treated as AFV except as specifically 12.15 STACKING: LC PRC (including Passenger vehicles) do not count towards
indicated. Location stacking limits; therefore, they cannot be Overstacked. However, a LC is
Overstacked when in the same Location with any other vehicle that is not a Passenger
12.11 INHERENT CREW: Each LC, regardless of its nationality/type, has an
aboard a LC.
Inherent crew whose Morale Level is 8. Normal rules for CE status (and any
Collateral attacks) apply except as stated otherwise. An LC Inherent crew can never 12.151 VEHICLE & INFANTRY STACKS: All 5/8" vehicles [EXC:
be BU or claim any BU benefit and are always in CE status. An armor leader can be motorcycles], their PRC and hooked-up Guns, and all wrecks, that are Passengers on
neither part of a LC's Inherent crew nor generated by a LC. the same LC must be stacked together, and are referred to collectively as that LC's
Vehicle Stack. Their top-to-bottom arrangement in that Stack represents their front-
12.111 STUN/recall: A LC does not suffer Recall due to MA disablement. A LC
to-rear positions aboard that LC for (un)loading purposes (12.42-.43). All Personnel
Inherent crew can be Stunned, but does not BU (COI 64.44). Any recall effect (COI
counters [EXC: the Passenger(s) of that LC's Passenger vehicle(s) (if any)], and all
64.44, COD 129.44) due to an attack suffered by a LC Inherent crew is always treated
motorcycles, horses, boats and Pushed Guns, aboard the same LC are referred to
as a Stun result only; i.e., no recall ensues (ie it does not exit the board). However,
collectively as that LC's Infantry Stack. Each Personnel counter in the LC's Infantry
the +1 DRM effects of all Stun results vs an LC Inherent crew is cumulative. For
Stack is referred to as an Infantry-Passenger (but is still considered a Passenger—not
Stun and recall effects see COI 64.44 and COD 129.44. A LC whose crew receives a
an Infantry—unit). The top-to-bottom arrangement of the Vehicle Stack may not be
Stun result does not Stop; however, if it is not Beached/immobilized, the attacker
re-arranged during play, but the Infantry Stack may be re-arranged just as if that LC
immediately makes a Random Direction dr for the LC and repositions it within its
were an Open Ground land hex (see also 12.45). The number of counters each Stack
present hex so that the randomly determined hexside lies within its VCA27 and, if the
contains may change due to (un)loading/unhooking (12.4-.421;12.45).
Stun occurs during the LC's MPh, it is then assumed to have expended all of its
remaining MP (if any) in that new facing. Being Stunned does not itself make a LC 12.2 MOVEMENT: LC expend only MP, and cannot be carried/moved on(to) land
Immobile. (including marsh/swamp) or a frozen Water Obstacle. LC are not paddled, and need
no minimum number of Passengers in order to expend MP. The normal movement
12.112 CREW COUNTER: A LC Inherent crew cannot voluntarily abandon its
rate for LC is one MP per Water Obstacle Location entered (even at night). A LC may
LC, nor is it subject to Immobilization MC. However, whenever an LC Inherent crew
change its VCA only during its MPh, and must expend one MP per hexspine to do so
Survives (it is represented by a 1-2-6(5) vehicle-crew counter of some nationality
[EXC: when changing VCA due to a Stun; 12.111]. A LC entering a Location that
(e.g., Chinese, Italian or Axis Minor) that is not in play. Such a crew counter is
contains a wreck/friendly-unit [EXC: SMC] in the water must expend one extra MP
assumed to be of the same nationality as the LC it came from and to have all normal
for each, as part of that Location's COT. LC do not expend Stop MP [EXC: when
vehicle-crew qualities, but is considered Inexperienced Personnel [EXC: if firing a
using Reverse movement (12.22) and/or adjacent to a pier (13.731)], but must expend
SW MG or vehicle-mounted AAMG, the Inexperienced B# penalty (COI 94.3) does
a start MP to un-Beach. LC is considered non-Stopped (e.g. in Motion) unless it is
not apply].
Beached/immobilized (see also 13.4421), and is considered Mobile (even if Stunned)
12.113 INEXPERIENCED: If a LC's Inherent crew is defined as Inexperienced, unless it is immobilized/Aground. LC may use Platoon Movement
that LC has its MP allotment reduced by one. An Inexperienced LC Inherent crew during the MPh, like AFV with radios.
has no other effect.
12.21 AGROUND: When during its MPh/APh a LC enters a shallow-
12.114 VP: A LC crew's Casualty VP value is "1", whether it is Inherent or not. OCEAN hex (13.4) while at the same time becoming closer (in hexes)
to any Beach hex (13.1) that lies within three hexes of that shallow OCEAN hex, that
12.12 PASSENGERS: When used in reference to a LC, the term "Passenger" (or LC's owner must immediately (i.e., before any Beaching/Stopping declaration/attempt
"Passengers"—even when mentioned in acronym form as "PRC") refers collectively as well as before Defensive First Fire) make a Bog DR ( ) [EXC: no such Bog DR is
to all Personnel/SW/vehicles/wrecks/Guns/horses/boats (and the PRC of Passenger made if Heavy Surf effects (13.441-.447) apply in that hex]. The only DRM is that
vehicles) being carried by or (un)loading from/onto that LC. All LC may carry LC's Bog DRM (the "+#" just to the left of the printed MP allotment on the counter),
Personnel/SW, but only those having a Ramp (12.41) may carry and a +1 if the hex contains wire and the LC's Target Size is not -3 or -4 (14.52). If
vehicle(s)/Gun(s)/horse(s)/boats [EXC: no LC may be a Passenger]. Within these the Final DR is 12, that LC immediately runs Aground; i.e., it Bogs and Beaches in
restrictions, a LC may carry any combination of the items listed in the LC Passenger that hex. However, it Beaches within that hex—not across a hexside as per 12.3.
PP Cost Chart on the Chapter G divider, with the total indicated PP applying to the Mark the LC with an Aground counter. A LC cannot voluntarily run, and cannot
LC's PP capacity. A LC retains all unpossessed equipment (and all wrecks) aboard it. Drift while it is, Aground. One Bog DR is made if using Platoon Movement (HL-NA
12.121 VEHICLE/GUN/SW: A vehicle that is a LC Passenger may itself carry/tow 181.22).
Passengers/SW/Gun(s) if otherwise able and allowed to. A Mule LC Passenger may 12.211 FAST AGROUND: An otherwise-Mobile LC may attempt to
Animal-Pack a Gun as per 10.1. The VCA of each vehicle, as well as the CA of each remove its Aground (e.g. Bogged) status at he start of its MPh, provided
Gun, that is a LC Passenger must coincide with that LC's VCA (or "rear" VCA); see it has not fired during its PFPh. Removal is attempted by expending an
also 14.23. A Passenger vehicle cannot claim or retain Motion status independently amount of MP equal to an Original dr. If that Final dr ( ) is 4, the
of its LC. LC is freed (even if its total MP allotment is < the Original dr) but is still in the Bog
12.122 MORALE: All Personnel and Inherent-crew Passengers aboard a LC are hex and is now considered to be using Reverse movement (12.22); the LC may then
considered to have a Morale Level of 8. use any remaining MP’s to change-VCA or move normally. If the Final dr is a 5, the
LC becomes Mired (12.2111). If the Final dr is 6, the LC becomes Fast Aground; i.e.,
12.123 BU/CE: LC Passengers [EXC: certain large vehicles/Guns as per 12.65 and it remains Aground (and thus Beached) but is immobilized in that hex. Its Aground
12.671] are considered BU through their/the-LC's armored Target Facing(s). LC counter is flipped to the Fast Aground side, and its Mired counter (if any) is removed.
Passengers can never be CE or claim any CE benefit(s)—even if not normally The only possible drm is a +1 if the LC is presently Mired. A LC (or LC wreck) can
allowed to be BU (e.g., a Carrier HS/crew [EXC: see 12.674]). also become Fast Aground as per 12.69, 13.441, 13.4421 and 13.4422.
12.124 ACTIONS: Aside from (un)loading (12.4-.421; 12.45), the only actions 12.2111 MIRED: If a LC becomes Mired, it is marked with a +1
allowed by LC Passengers are MC resolutions (12.4-.421; 12.13), unhooking of Guns Mired counter and thereafter receives a +1 drm to its future Bog
(12.42), wreck removals (12.43) and SW Transfers/Recoveries. Removal attempts as long as it is Mired. The Mired drm is not
12.13 MC’s: While aboard a LC, all Inherent crews and Personnel Passengers (even cumulative for being Mired more than once.
the PRC of Passenger vehicles) are immune to Immobilization MC, Pinned MC, 12.22 REVERSE: An LC may use Reverse movement as per COI 71,
LLMC, and booby-trap attacks, and are not subject to Pin or Heat-of-Battle results. A but at only double its applicable forward-movement entry-cost per hex.
LC crew never breaks while Inherent; i.e., one that suffers a break result while It may end its MPh in Reverse Motion (HL-NA 181.1). Unless adjacent
receiving no, or a reduced, CE DRM (12.6) always suffers a Stun result instead (see to a pier 13.731, an LC may not voluntarily end its MPh in a stopped
also 12.111). While aboard an LC, any Personnel Passenger that suffers a break result status, it is always considered in Motion. Prior to using Reverse Motion to exit its
for any reason always suffers a Casualty Reduction result instead. No current hex, a LC must expend 2 additional MP’s in the same hex.
leadership/heroic modifier may be applied by/to a unit aboard a LC.
12.23 DRIFT: LC Drift in a River as per COD 126.32; otherwise they Drift only in
EX: An attack by Small-Arms/MG fire vs an LCP(L) through its unarmored side Ocean during Heavy Surf. See 13.12, 13.44 and 13.444.
Target Facing—or through its armored front Target Facing from a Location with
Rough Draft 20 100920
 BLOOD & SAND
12.3 (UN)BEACHING: A LC may Beach across any non-cliff, water-land Stack, no 5/8" counter beneath it in that Stack, nor any 5/8" counter in that LC's
(including a Beach-OCEAN [13.2] and OCEAN-Hinterland [13.41]) hexside [EXC: Infantry Stack, may unload until the wreck has been removed [EXC: such removal
LC Beaching can occur during the APh only if Heavy Surf is in effect in the LC's hex can occur only if the LC is Beached, no 5/8" counter (except for possibly the
(13.44) and only via an (un)Beaching DR (13.442); no LC may Beach onto a bridge]. removing AFV) is stacked above that wreck, and no 5/8" counter lies between that
Position the LC counter to straddle that hexside, but without changing its VCA. A wreck and the removing AFV]. When such removal occurs, the LC's ramp is
Beached LC is still considered for all purposes to be in that Water Obstacle Location. considered to be down as if it were unloading Passengers. A Passenger vehicle/wreck
A LC un-Beaches by declaring such and expending a start MP (based on a dr if aboard a LC does not increase the cost to enter the LC or its Location. Each wreck
Aground; 12.211); it is then considered to be using Reverse movement, and must Stop aboard a LC still applies its pre-wreck PP cost to the LC's PP capacity. An Immobile
before using forward movement (as per 12.22). A LC is also Beached when it is vehicle is considered equivalent to a non-burning wreck for all of the above purposes.
Aground (12.21-.211) or a wreck (12.69).
12.44 BLAZE: No unit may board a LC that contains
12.4 (UN)LOADING: Except as stated otherwise, normal Vehicle—not Boat— any Blaze(s). An LC that is itself Ablaze (12.68) has no
(un)loading rules apply to LC and their Passengers. A LC Passenger may unload into effect on the ability of its Passenger(s) to unload. A
an enemy-occupied hex. If a LC is Aground (or is Beached across a hexside that is not burning wreck aboard a LC cannot be removed, so the
within its VCA), units may unload from it only into its hex, and do so by expending only Passenger(s) that can possibly unload from it are the vehicle(s) (and their
25% (FRU) of their MF/MP allotment (plus COT MP if it is a vehicle). There is no PRC/towed-Guns) stacked above that burning wreck in the Vehicle Stack and that
penalty cost for the presence of the LC in the Location, but Overstacking will apply LC's Infantry-Passenger(s) (and their possessed SW).
when a vehicle [EXC: motorcycle] is in the same Location as an LC but is not a
12.45 PASSENGER-VEHICLE PRC: Unless otherwise prohibited (e.g., by the
Passenger on one. A unit wishing to load onto an Aground LC must be in (or enter,
LC's PP capacity; 12.12), PRC [EXC: a LC's Inherent crew; Riders are NA (12.14)]
expending that Location's COT to do so—plus, if it is a vehicle, one extra MP for the
may (un)load from/onto a LC's Passenger vehicle(s) to/from the LC itself during that
presence of the LC) that LC's Location, then expend 25% (FRU) of its MF/MP
LC's MPh, just as if the LC were an Open Ground land hex [EXC: no
allotment (plus, if it is a vehicle, one MP as the LC's COT).
MOG/NAM/Overstacking penalties apply]. Their MF expenditures do not affect, and
12.401 If the LC is Beached across a hexside that lies within its VCA, units may are not affected by, the LC's MP expenditures [EXC: all such MF/MP expenditures
unload from it across the Beached hexside. A unit thusly unloading must expend 25% are governed by the "simultaneous expenditure" of MF and MP (12.4) during any
(FRU) of its MF/MP allotment (plus COT MP if it is a vehicle); if the unit is MPh in which such a Passenger/crew also unloads from the LC itself (or boards it
unloading to a higher elevation, this % cost is doubled (if expending MF) or increased and then becomes a Passenger/crew of a vehicle aboard that LC)].
by four MP. A unit wishing to load follows the reverse of this procedure—but if it is a
12.5 NON-CC ATTACKS FROM/BY LC: The Inherent weapon(s) of a LC may
vehicle it must also expend, after paying the 25 % of its MF/MP allotment to load,
Prep Fire only if the LC is Fast Aground and Inherently crewed. All penalties for
one MP as the LC's COT.
moving/Motion/non-Stopped/AFPh fire apply in the normal manner. Cumulative
12.402 If the LC is immobilized and in shallow water but is not Beached then only Stun DRM (if any; 12.111) also apply. A LC may not conduct an OVR, nor may LC
Personnel and their possessed SW may (un)load from/onto it, and may do so only PRC place/fire SMOKE. LC Passengers may not attack in any way.
to/from the LC's hex. Such (un)loading requires a 50% (FRU) MF/MP expenditure.
12.6 NON-CC ATTACKS vs LC: Depending on the type of attack, whether an
12.403 A vehicle aboard an LC does not expend a MP until it attempts to unload. armored Target Facing is considered to have been struck, and the firer's elevation
Passengers (un)loading from/onto a LC may not use Armored Assault, Platoon advantage (if any), LC are treated as either AFV (i.e., armored) or unarmored
Movement or Assault Movement, nor may they attempt ESB, during that MPh. An targets—never as boats. OT rules apply to OT LC through their armored Target
allowed vehicle may (un)load while towing a Gun (unless using Reverse movement) Facing(s) as if they were OT AFV. Unlike an amphibious vehicle,
by also paying the extra MF/MP for towing. A vehicle may neither unload from a LC being in a Water Obstacle does not make a LC a HD, Very Small target.
onto, nor load onto a LC from, a bridge Location. See also 12.121. A LC's down ramp does not make its front Target Facing unarmored.
12.404 If a LC's printed MP allotment has been reduced by an Inexperienced-crew 12.601 DAMAGE: Each LC has a Damage Point (DP) Rating on the
(12.113)/Blaze(s) (12.68), it is still assumed (for Defensive Fire purposes) to expend Wreck side of its counter. When an attack inflicts DP on a LC (as explained below), it
the required percentage of its printed MP allotment when (un)loading any is marked with one DP counter (Right click the counter to adjust the DP indicator on
Passenger(s). If the total required cost for a unit to (un)load from/onto a LC exceeds the counter) to show the total number of DP’s it has accumulated thus far. When that
100% of that unit's Inherent/printed MF/MP allotment, it can (un)load only by making total equals the LC's DP Rating, it is immobilized; when that Rating is exceeded, the
a Minimum Move. LC is destroyed (12.69). DP are also inflicted by each Blaze on a LC (12.68).
12.41 RAMP: If "PP" on the LC counter is underlined, that LC has a 12.602 SHOCK/IMMOBILIZATION: The results of Shock, Possible Shock or
bow ramp and may carry any type of Passengers as per 12.12. If "PP" Immobilization does not apply to either a LC or its Inherent crew [EXC: DP
is not underlined, that LC may carry only Personnel/SW. A LC's ramp Immobilization; 12.601], but can apply to a LC's Passenger vehicle(s) (/their PRC) in
is always considered "up" (i.e., raised) [EXC: it is considered "down" the normal manner if hit as per 12.65.
(i.e., lowered) from the time the first Passenger (un)loads from/onto that Beached LC
12.603 SNIPER: A sniper attack vs a LC is resolved only vs its Inherent crew, and
until such time as that LC either expends a start MP to un-Bleach or makes a 12.211
always results in a Stun. LC Passengers are not eligible sniper targets.
DR in an attempt to remove its Aground status (whichever occurs first); see also
12.43]. There is no MP cost for a LC to raise or lower its ramp. If a LC has no ramp NOTE: NEED NEW IFT CHART FOR PV
(and/or is immobilized and in shallow water but is not Beached; 12.402) the normal
25% (un)loading cost is increased to 50%(FRU). A LC's ramp cannot be jammed or 12.61 NON-ORDNANCE DIRECT FIRE: All non-ordnance Direct Fire attacks
otherwise damaged or eliminated. vs a LC unarmored facing is resolved on the IFT, using (in addition to all other
applicable FP modifications) halved FP unless the LC is Beached. If the Final IFT
12.42 PASSENGER VEHICLE/GUN: Vehicles may unload from a LC only in the DR vs the LC is < the IFT FP, DP equal to the difference between those two numbers
top-to-bottom order of its Vehicle Stack; hence if the top-most 5/8" vehicle are inflicted on the LC; if that DR equals that of the IFT, there is no effect on the LC
cannot/does-not unload, no 5/8" counter beneath it in that Stack can. A vehicle that except possibly via a Collateral Attack vs any Vulnerable PRC; if that DR is > than
loads onto a LC is placed at the top of that LC's Vehicle Stack (if any). Hooking up a IFT FP there is no effect on the LC or its PRC. A non-ordnance Direct Fire attack vs
Gun to a vehicle is NA while both are LC Passengers, but unhooking is allowed just a LC that passes through its VCA armored facing is treated as an armored target and
as if the LC were an Open Ground land hex [EXC: unhooking is NA if it would cause has no effect on it except possibly via a Collateral Attack vs its Vulnerable PRC.
the LC's PP capacity to be exceeded]. A Gun thusly unhooked is placed beneath its
possessing Infantry-Passenger unit. A SW/Gun may not be (un)Packed while aboard EX: A 12 FP attack by Small-Arms/MG vs an un-Beached LCP(L) through its
a LC. unarmored side Target Facing is resolved on the 6 FP column of the IFT chart, and
will inflict one DP on the LC if the Final IFT DR is a 5 (6 [IFT FP] - 5 [DR] = 1 DP),
12.421 MANHANDLING: Manhandling a Gun, boat or motorcycle from/onto a or two DP if that DR is a 4, etc. (and a Collateral Attack can also occur vs the LC's
LC is allowed only if the LC is Beached, but otherwise follows the same procedure as Vulnerable PRC; 12.621). That same attack made through the LCP(L)'s armored
(un)hooking a Gun from/to a towing vehicle (SL 48.6-61) [EXC: if the LC is Beached front Target Facing would have no effect on that LC—but would be resolved
across a hexside that lies within its VCA, it and the item being Manhandled start/end Collaterally vs its CE crew as per 12.671. However, that same attack made through
the procedure adjacent to each other across that hexside as per 12.401; Manhandling the LCP(L)'s armored front Target Facing from a Location with sufficient elevation
an item off of a LC is NA if any non-motorcycle vehicle is currently aboard that LC]. advantage to lower its crew's CE DRM to < +2 would treat the LC as an unarmored
MF/MP (un)loading costs are assessed as per SL 48.6-61 as applicable (possibly target and would be resolved vs it on the IFT (and vs its Vulnerable PRC as per
modified as per 13.443 if Heavy Surf is in effect). Any resulting TI status does not 12.671).
apply to the LC or its other PRC.
12.611 FT/DC/MOL: The use of FT/DC/MOL vs an LC/its-PRC is NA; if used vs
12.43 PASSENGER WRECK: If a non-burning wreck appears in a LC's Vehicle another target in the LC's Location they have no effect on the LC or its PRC.
Rough Draft 21 100920
 BLOOD & SAND
12.612 OVR: A LC cannot be OVR; an OVR by/vs another unit in the LC's to the Gun, and "5-6" to the LC. The tank is ineligible because its Target Size is not
Location has no effect on the LC or its PRC. 0/-1/-2. If the ordnance TH DR vs the LCT misses by one while rolling an upper-
superstructure "hit", the truck or Gun is hit anyway (assuming the LC itself is not
12.613 MINES: The only mines that can affect LC are A-B (Anti-Boat) mines as
Overstacked in its hex). The LC's owner then makes a subsequent dr to find which
per 14.51/14.53.
one was in fact hit, assigning "1-3" to the truck and "4-6" to the Gun.
12.62 ORDNANCE DIRECT FIRE: A Direct Fire ordnance attack vs a LC must
12.66 AERIAL MG/BOMBS: An aircraft MG attack vs any LC always treats that
use the Vehicle (or Area; 12.63) Target Type (or a LATW TH Table) on the TH
LC as unarmored (regardless of Target-Facing/AF), and is resolved vs it as per 12.61.
Table, applying both cases (GIA) J (Moving) & K (Area Fire), in addition to the LC
An aircraft bomb attack vs any LC always treats that LC as fully armored, and is
Vehicle size (if any) also applying. If a hit is achieved using the Vehicle Target Type
resolved vs it as per 12.62 or 12.63 according to the Target Type used for the attack.
(or a LATW TH Table) it is resolved by a TK DR. If HE was fired, one of the
If the Vehicle Target Type was used, assume the LC's Aerial AF to be "0" (regardless
following will occur if the Final TK DR vs the LC is < the Final HE TK#, DP equal to
of Target Facing), and apply TK Cases A (per vehicle rear target armor modifier) and
the difference between those two numbers are inflicted on the LC; if that DR equals
B (height advantage). A Vehicle-Target-Type bomb TH attack that rolls 1 > that
that TK#, there is no effect on the LC except possibly via a Collateral Attack vs its
needed to secure a hit has instead achieved a Near Miss vs a LC. The Near Miss is
Vulnerable PRC; if that DR is a Dud and/or > that TK#, there is no effect on the LC
resolved as a hull hit (regardless of the TH DR) vs it, using only half the bomb's Final
or its PRC. If AP-type ammo (i.e., AP/APCR/APDS, or any non-Aerial MG, 12.7 or
TK# (FRD). The use of Napalm (17.4) vs a LC/its-PRC is NA.
15mm weapon, or HEAT) was fired, one DP is inflicted if the Final TK DR is half
of the applicable Final TK#; if that DR is > half of, but still , that TK# there is no 12.67 COLLATERAL ATTACKS: Collateral Attacks vs LC PRC applies in the
effect on the LC except possibly via a Collateral Attack vs its Vulnerable PRC; if that normal manner except as stated otherwise. See also 12.111, 12.123 and 12.13.
DR is a Dud and/or > that TK# there is no effect on the LC or its PRC. Ordnance
12.671 NON-ORDNANCE DIRECT FIRE: When a LC is attacked as an armored
cannot target any Passenger separately from its LC. For Aerial MG/bomb attacks see
target by a non-ordnance Direct Fire attack (12.61), the only PRC aboard that LC
12.66.
which are Vulnerable to the resulting Collateral Attack are its Inherent crew (which
EX: 75* Gun firing HE on the Vehicle Target Type achieves a hit on the armored receives a +2 CE DRM) and all Guns (12.675)/non-AFV-wrecks/unarmored-vehicles
front Target Facing of an LCP(L). If the Final TK DR is a 6, one DP is inflicted on (and their PRC) [EXC: a Gun being Animal-Packed] whose Target Size is 0/-1/-2.
the LC; if it is a 5, two DP are inflicted, etc. (A Final TK DR of ≤ 7 can also cause a When a LC is attacked as an unarmored target by non-ordnance Direct Fire whose
Collateral attack as per 12.672 or 12.673.) If that same attack hits the LCP(L) on its Final IFT DR vs that LC is the applicable Vehicle Kill #, all PRC aboard that LC are
unarmored side Target Facing, a Final TK DR of 11 will inflict one DP, while a Final Vulnerable to (but the LC's Inherent crew can claim no CE benefit vs) any resulting
DR of 10 will inflict two DP, etc. A 75* Gun firing AP on the Vehicle Target Type Collateral Attack [EXC: each AFV (and its BU PRC)/wreck Passenger that is not
achieves a hit on the armored front Target Facing of an LCP(L) at a range of 12 treated as unarmored vs that attack is Vulnerable only if the attack was made by an
hexes. If the Final TK DR is 3, one DP is inflicted on the LC. If that same attack hits Aerial MG (12.6711); see also 12.678].
the LCP(L) on its unarmored side Target Facing, a Final TK DR of 4 will inflict six
12.6711 AERIAL MG vs AFV: When a LC carrying an AFV is attacked by an
DP.
Aerial MG (12.66), that AFV (and its Vulnerable PRC, if the AFV is OT; 12.676) can
12.621 MG: If the Final TK DR of a MG hit on a LC being treated as an armored be hit Collaterally. The MG's Original IFT DR, modified by -1 (or by -2 if the AFV is
target equals the Final TK #, it causes only a Collateral Attack as per 12.62—it does OT), is applied as a Final TK DR vs the AFV.
not automatically Stun the LC.
12.6712 RESIDUAL FP & MINES: The Collateral effects of a Residual FP attack
12.63 OBA/AREA-TARGET-TYPE: An OBA HE attack or Area-Target-Type vs a LC are resolved as per 12.671 as if the attack were being made by non-ordnance
HE hit vs a fully armored LC treats that LC as armored and is resolved on the IFT Direct Fire. For A-B mines vs LC PRC see 14.53.
using the applicable DRM. If the Final IFT DR vs the LC is a KIA, DP equal to the
12.672 ORDNANCE/OBA HULL HIT: An ordnance/OBA hull hit on a LC
number of KIA possibilities plus the # of the highest #MC possible are inflicted on
(12.62-.63) can directly affect only the LC/its-Vulnerable-Passenger(s); i.e., its
the LC; if that DR is a NMC there is no effect on the LC except possibly via a
Inherent crew, despite being non-BU, is not considered Vulnerable to any Collateral
Collateral Attack vs its Vulnerable PRC; if that DR is > a NMC there is no effect on
Attack caused by that hit. [EXC: An Aerial bomb Near Miss (12.66) vs a LC has no
the LC or its PRC. An OBA HE attack or Area-Target-Type HE hit vs a LC that is not
Collateral effect on its Passengers.] If the non-Dud Final Effects DR of an
fully armored treats that LC as unarmored, regardless of the Target Facing hit or the
ordnance/OBA hull hit [EXC: Aerial bomb Near Miss] on a LC is the Final TK#
direction of the firer's LOS/LOF, and is resolved on the IFT's Vehicle line as per
(12.62), all of its Vehicle and Infantry Stacks are Vulnerable to the resulting
12.61 [EXC: its FP is not halved as per 12.61; Aerial bomb attacks treat all LC as
Collateral Attack [EXC: see 12.678]. The Collateral Attack is resolved on the
armored (12.66)]. The use of SMOKE against a LC/its-PRC is NA (13.47).
IFT/pertinent-TK-Table using the original attack's Original Effects DR and the same
EX: 75* Gun firing HE using the Area Vehicle Target Type achieves a hit on a fully non-CH (12.679) IFT-FP/Final-TK# as applicable to each Collateral target [EXC: if
armored LCVP. The attack is resolved vs the LC on the 6 FP column of the IFT with the LC is treated as an armored target by that hull hit, its IFT FP and Final TK# are
a -2 DRM (-1 for an OT LC, and -1 for a LC with all AF < 1), and will inflict one DP halved (FRU) for Collateral Attack purposes]. Such a Collateral Attack vs a
on that LC with an Original IFT DR of 4. The same hit on a partially armored LCP(L) Passenger AFV is considered a hull hit on it and, if resulting from an OBA/Area-
would still be resolved on the 6 FP column, but would use the IFT FP and thus would Target-Type HE attack, also uses the 46.54 OBA Vs. Vehicle DRM as applicable.
inflict one DP on the LCP(L) with an Original IFT DR of 5.
12.673 ORDNANCE/OBA TURRET HIT: An ordnance/OBA upper-
12.64 CH: The Case C TK# modifier never applies vs a LC itself. A CH vs a LC superstructure hit on a LC itself (as opposed to a hit as per 12.65 on a Passenger
results only in increasing by one the number of DP inflicted (even if that raises the DP vehicle, wreck or Gun) can collaterally affect only the LC's Inherent crew; its
inflicted from zero to one), regardless of any other effect of that attack [EXC: no DP Passengers are not considered Vulnerable to such an attack. This Collateral Attack vs
increase occurs if a Dud (original 12 DR) ensues]. CH vs LC Passenger(s) are NA the Crew is resolved using the original attack's non-CH (12.679) IFT FP and Original
except for a vehicle/wreck/Gun hit as per 12.65. See also 12.679. Effects DR modified by the crew's CE DRM (if applicable). For the Collateral effects
of a hit achieved as per 12.65 on a Passenger vehicle/Gun, see 12.675-.676.
12.65 HIT vs PASSENGER VEHICLE/GUN: The following apply only to a LC
that is carrying any vehicle(s)/wreck(s)/Gun(s) [EXC: a Gun being Animal-Packed] 12.674 RAMP: Vs the Collateral effects of a non-Aerial attack conducted as per
whose Target Size is 0/-1/-2. If ordnance/OBA rolls an upper-superstructure hit vs 12.61/12.62 from within the VCA of a LC whose ramp is down, all of that LC's
the LC [EXC: Aerial bomb Near Miss; 12.66], the latter's owner determines randomly Vehicle and Infantry Stacks [EXC: the BU PRC of Passenger AFV; all 5/8" counters
whether the hit actually occurred vs the LC or instead vs one such vehicle, wreck or beneath the topmost AFV (or AFV wreck) in the Vehicle Stack] are considered
Gun (even one hooked up to a vehicle) aboard that LC. If an ordnance attack's Final Vulnerable as if that LC's front Target Facing were unarmored. No CE benefits ever
TH DR vs a LC is one > the number needed for a hit but that DR's Original colored dr apply to a thusly Vulnerable Collateral target [EXC: the PRC of an AFV not normally
is < its Original white dr, one such vehicle, wreck or Gun (chosen randomly by the allowed to be BU (e.g., a Carrier's Inherent HS or crew) may claim CE benefits vs
LC's owner) on that LC is hit—provided that shot does not hit another vehicle such a Collateral Attack]. Note, however, that a lowered ramp does not prevent the
Overstacked in the LC's hex. Any hit directly vs a Passenger vehicle is considered a LC's Inherent Crew from claiming CE benefits. An ordnance attack must use the
turret/upper-superstructure hit; and, vs the vehicle, wreck or Gun that was hit, is Vehicle Target Type (or a LATW TH Table) and achieve a hull hit in order to claim
resolved as if that vehicle or Gun were in an Open Ground land hex (a Gun that was the Collateral benefits of a lowered ramp.
hit is treated as an unarmored vehicle [EXC: an Immobilization result is treated as
12.675 VS GUN: A Collateral Attack vs a Passenger Gun [EXC: one hooked up to
Gun Malfunction instead]; any Gunshields is ignored).
a vehicle] is resolved as if the Gun were an unarmored vehicle [EXC: an
EX: An LCT(4) carrying a U.S. M5A1 light tank (Target size "+1"), 2 1/2-ton truck Immobilization result is treated as Gun Malfunction instead; a Gun being Animal-
(Target size "0") and M1918 155mm howitzer (Target Size "-1") is hit by ordnance Packed is eliminated if its Mule is eliminated or Casualty-Reduced]. A hit achieved
(or attacked by OBA) that rolls an upper-superstructure hit. A subsequent dr is as per 12.65 on a Passenger Gun is resolved Collaterally only vs its possessing
therefore made by the LCT's owner, who assigns the numbers "1-2" to the truck, "3-4" Infantry-Passenger—or, if the Gun is hooked up, vs its towing vehicle (and its

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 BLOOD & SAND
Vulnerable PRC, if any; 12.676). If a hooked-up Gun is eliminated by a hit achieved 12.8 MISCELLANEOUS
as per 12.65, its towing vehicle is automatically immobilized (unless destroyed) by
12.81 HINDRANCE/TEM: Only a Beached LC can provide a +1 TEM/LOS-
that Collateral Attack. A Gun shield has no effect in a LC.
Hindrance, treating the LC as if it were an AFV. A Passenger vehicle aboard a LC
12.676 VS PASSENGER-VEHICLE PRC: The PRC of a vehicle aboard a LC are provides no such Hindrance/TEM [EXC: TEM as per 12.677].
Vulnerable to each Collateral Attack their vehicle is subject to, provided they are not
12.82 REMOVAL: The armament of a LC cannot be Removed (or Scrounged).
in an AFV [EXC: OT AFV PRC are Vulnerable to an Aerial MG attack vs that AFV;
see also 12.674] and that Collateral Attack does not destroy their vehicle. A hit 12.83 WRECK EQUIVALENCE: A LC wreck is considered
achieved as per 12.65 on a vehicle aboard a LC can be resolved Collaterally only vs equivalent to an undestroyed LC in all respects [EXC: a LC wreck
that vehicle's Vulnerable PRC. The Vulnerable PRC of a vehicle aboard a LC never cannot be Inherently crewed (and thus is Immobile and cannot fire),
receives CE benefits [EXC: OT AFV PRC attacked by an Aerial MG; see also nor can it be further destroyed in order to gain more VP; a LC wreck
12.674]. is always Beached (see also 13.4422); a non-burning LC wreck may
be Scrounged as if it were an AFV wreck].
12.677 AFV/WRECK TEM: When subjected to a Collateral Attack, a LC's
Infantry-Passenger(s) (only) may claim the TEM of any AFV or non-burning wreck EX: LC destroyed (but not sunk) while its ramp is down becomes a wrecked LC
aboard that LC, but only if that AFV/wreck is also subject to that Collateral Attack. whose ramp is down. A LC destroyed (but not sunk) while its ramp is up becomes a
wrecked LC whose ramp is up, but the ramp may still be lowered as per 12.41 to
12.678 PP CAPACITY40: Whenever a LC with a PP capacity of 40 PP is attacked
allow any Passenger aboard to unload. No enemy unit may enter a Location occupied
[EXC: any attack that achieves an upper-superstructure hit as per 12.65, or that can
by a wrecked LC. When a LC that is itself Ablaze becomes a wreck, that Blaze
claim the benefits of a down ramp as per 12.674], the resulting Collateral Attack (if
counter (in its present pinned or unpinned state: 12.68) remains on it. All Passengers
any) is resolved only against the Vulnerable Passenger(s) chosen by Random
aboard a LC wreck must still attempt to unload as soon as possible during a Seaborne
Selection. Random Selection is used twice (by the LC's owner) once for the Infantry
Assault (14.231). These are just a few examples of LC wreck equivalency.
Stack and again for the Vehicle Stack. However, from the latter only one AFV or
AFV wreck (plus any number of non-AFV/non-AFV-wrecks) can thusly be made 12.84 VP: Each LC eliminated is worth one VP plus a one-VP bonus for each of the
Vulnerable to an ordnance attack that used the Vehicle Target Type (or a LATW TH following: one still-functioning MA weapon; being fully armored; its Inherent crew
Table); if Random Selection chooses two AFV/AFV-wrecks, the LC's owner must did not survive; each multiple of 50PP (FRU) in its Passenger capacity. No
select one of them randomly. All Passengers not Vulnerable to the original attack Casualty/Exit VP may be claimed for a LC (or for its PRC) that exits play carrying a
(e.g., Small Arms vs Passenger AFV) are excluded from Random Selection. Blaze counter(s).
12.679 CH: A CH vs a LC itself is resolved Collaterally as a non-CH; i.e., using its EX: The maximum casualty VP value of an LCP(L) is 4.That of an LCVP is 5. And
non-CH IFT-FP/TK# as otherwise applicable. that of an LCT(4) is 15
12.68 BLAZE: Whenever a LC is struck by an attack 13. BEACHES
that inflicts two DP on it and whose Effects DR contains
an Original colored dr of "1", that LC is set Ablaze [EXC: 13.1 BEACH-OCEAN BOARDS: 2 Ocean-Beach Overlays/boards are being
no Blaze occurs if the LC itself is already Ablaze, nor if that attack designed for VSQL and will be available only in the Blood & Sand Module. These
sinks the LC in deep water]. A LC cannot be set Ablaze in any other manner. A boards can be used for DYO beach invasion scenarios. No scenarios in Blood & Sand
vehicle aboard a LC can be turned into a burning wreck in the normal manner for will use these boards. These rules were imported from ASL but have been modified in
whatever type of attack strikes it. Whenever a LC or a Passenger vehicle/wreck order to coincide with the Original SL-GIA rulesets. Most of the rules here-in were
aboard a LC becomes Ablaze, a Blaze counter is placed on that LC (and, for a designed for use with GI: Anvil of Victory in mind but can be further modified to work
Passenger vehicle/wreck set Ablaze while in a Cloaking Box, a "duplicate" Blaze under Crescendo of Doom rules by ignoring sections which references GIA.
counter is placed on that wreck). When placed on the LC, that Blaze is also marked 13.2 BEACH ELEVATION & SLOPES: Non-Beach land hexes are referred to as
with a Pin counter (which is removed at the end of the next CCPh). When a Passenger Hinterland hexes when a BEACH-OCEAN board is in use. Each hexside common to
burning wreck is removed from its Cloaking Box and placed onboard on its LC, its both a Beach hex and a Hinterland hex is termed a Beach-Hinterland hexside. Each
"duplicate" Blaze counter is removed from the LC; if the latter is pinned, that Pin hexside common to both an OCEAN hex and a Beach hex is termed a BEACH-
counter is placed on the wreck's Blaze—otherwise it is not marked with a Pin counter. OCEAN hexside. SSR will define the Slope of the Beach as Slight, Moderate or
Each unpinned Blaze on a LC reduces that LC's MP allotment by one and, in the Steep, which will affect LOS, MF/MP costs and TEM along/across BEACH-
AFPh of each Player Turn, inflicts one DP on it. For other Blaze effects see 12.43-.44 OCEAN/Beach-Hinterland hexsides and also determine the number of shallow-
and 12.84. No Blaze aboard a non-immobilized, non-Beached LC has any smoke OCEAN hexes (13.4).
effect whatsoever; i.e., neither its Inherent, nor any Drifting, smoke is considered to
exist. When a LC carrying any Blaze(s) becomes Beached/immobilized, or when the 13.21 SLIGHT: A Slightly Sloped Beach hex is Level -1 terrain. However, its
first Blaze appears on a Beached/immobilized LC, the Inherent-smoke effects of its Beach-Hinterland hexsides do not form a Crest Line. Therefore, all LOS
Blaze(s) come into existence immediately (and any drifting smoke would appear in along/across, as well as all types of movement across, one such Beach-Hinterland
the following AFPh). Smoke drifting from > one Blaze aboard the same LC is hexside treats all Beach (and OCEAN; 13.4) hexes as being at Level 0—as do all
indicated on the board by using one gray Smoke counter per hex. activities possibly affected/prohibited by relative elevations.

EX: An LCM(3) carrying two unpinned Wreck Blazes has its MP allotment reduced 13.22 MODERATE: A Moderately Sloped Beach hex is treated as per 13.21
by two and receives two DP in the AFPh of each Player Turn. If instead the LC itself [EXC: all LOS along/across, as well as all types of movement across, one such
were Ablaze and was also carrying one Wreck Blaze, the same effects would apply. Beach-Hinterland hexside treats all Beach and OCEAN hexes as Level 0 Deir (see
However, if in either case the LC is neither Beached nor Immobilized, LOS North Africa Module Rule 187 For description of a Deir) hexes, with all Beach-
to/through/within/out-of (and movement into) its hex is unaffected by those Blazes Hinterland hexsides acting as the deir's Lip].
nor do they create any Drifting smoke. 13.23 STEEP: A Steeply Sloped Beach hex is Level -1 terrain, and each of its
12.69 ELIMINATION: A LC is destroyed when the total number of DP inflicted Beach-Hinterland hexsides is treated as a Crest Line joining Levels 0 and -1. Infantry
on it exceeds its DP Rating. If this occurs in deep water, the LC sinks—i.e., it and in a Steeply Sloped Beach hex that contains one Beach-Hinterland hexside may gain
everything it is carrying are immediately eliminated. A LC destroyed in shallow water Crest status as if they were in a gully, but only along the Beach-Hinterland hexside(s)
is flipped to its Wreck side; if un-Beached or Aground it is now considered to be Fast of their hex; each of those Beach-Hinterland hexsides is treated as if it were a non-
Aground (and thus Beached), and if Beached across a hexside the wreck remains Depression hexside of that "gully" hex, and all standard Crest-status rules (AFV Crest
thusly Beached. COI 77.2, Infantry Crest GIA 151.1) apply unchanged [EXC: such Crest Infantry may
use any type of SW].
12.691 PRC SURVIVAL: LC PRC can survive only if their LC is destroyed in
shallow water, in which case normal Survival rules apply to the LC's Inherent crew 13.24 CLlFFS: If a Beach-Hinterland hexside is defined as a cliff hexside, the
[EXC: the total Stun DRM (if any; 12.111) applies to its Survival DR]. LC Passengers Beach hex common to that hexside is treated as being at Level -1 for all purposes and
do not roll for Survival when their LC is destroyed in shallow water. Instead, they normal cliff effects apply to it (as well as across that hexside).
remain LC Passengers and are subject to the normal Collateral effects (12.67-.678 as 13.3 SAND: Each Beach hex is Sand (as per North Africa Module) that is either
applicable) of the attack (if any) that destroyed their LC. Those not eliminated by Hard or Soft. A Beach hex is considered Hard Sand if it contains a Beach-OCEAN
Collateral Attack are placed atop the LC wreck, and therefore are treated just as if hexside and is not Steeply Sloped. in addition, all Beach hexes are Hard if EC
their LC were Beached but not destroyed [EXC: all surviving vehicles (other than currently are Wet, Mud or Snow. Hard Sand is treated as per rules in the North Africa
motorcycles) aboard that LC wreck are considered Bogged; all unpossessed SW Module but as if EC were Wet or Mud. All sand that is not Hard is considered Soft.
aboard it are eliminated unless being carried by another Passenger vehicle]. Soft Sand also uses the rules of North Africa Module, but for the exceptions given
12.7 CC: CC attacks by/vs a LC/its-PRC are NA. therein for Wet or Mud EC, which are ignored. See also 13.32.

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 BLOOD & SAND
EX: Infantry expend two MF to enter Soft Sand or one MF to enter Hard Sand while target within, that AFV's "rear" VCA.
a fully-tracked vehicle would expend three or two MP respectively. A -1 DRM
13.4222 SWAMPING: As a non-Waterproofed Wading vehicle enters (which
applies to a Bog DR caused by Hard Sand. An ordnance or OBA attack vs an
includes unloading into) a shallow-OCEAN Location, the opponent must make a
unarmored target in Hard Sand does not have its FP halved on the IFT. Emplacement
Swamping DR (). This DR is modified by a +DRM equal to twice the range from
and Foxhole TEM are not halved in Hard Sand.
that vehicle to the nearest land hex if the Beach is Slightly Sloped, or to three times
13.31 SANDBARS: A Sand/Dune overlay that is partially or wholly surrounded by that range if the Beach is Moderately Sloped, or to six times that range if the Beach is
(i.e., that lies adjacent to) one OCEAN hex is considered the equivalent of a Beach Steeply Sloped. If the Swamping Final DR is 12 the vehicle immediately becomes
overlay (a Dune would be considered Low, and its Dune Crest would still exist). immobilized; otherwise there is no effect. A separate Swamping DR must be made for
However, in DYO scenarios the number of hexes comprising it does not change due each vehicle, even if using Platoon Movement.
to Tide (see 13.97).
13.4223 BOG: A Wading vehicle exiting a shallow-OCEAN Location is subject to
13.32 SAND BOG: Rules from North Africa 190.1-.311 applies for Bog purposes Bog only if crossing an OCEAN-Hinterland hexside. See also 13.32.
in sand [EXC: no Sand Bog DR is required for being in a non-sand Open Ground hex
13.43 REEFS: A reef can exist only by SSR or by DYO dr (13.91), and only in
Accessible to a Beach hex]. See also 13.4223.
Ocean hexes. Regardless of whether a reef is Exposed (13.431) or not, all Ocean
13.4 SHALLOW/DEEP WATER: An OCEAN hex is Level -1 Open Ground (but hexes on that overlay which lie between that reef and the shore are considered
see also 13.21-.22), and is either Deep or Shallow water depending on the Beach's shallow, and the Heavy Surf effects given in 13.441-.447 will not apply in those
Slope and proximity. An OCEAN hex is shallow only if it is within three hexes of a hexes. An Alternate Hex Grain reef is always shaped like the Blast Area of a
Slightly Sloped Beach hex, or is within two hexes of a Moderately Sloped Beach hex, Barrage.
or is adjacent to a Steeply Sloped Beach hex [EXC: see 13.43]. A shallow-OCEAN
13.431 EXPOSED/SUBMERGED: A SSR will state that the reef is either Exposed
hex is not a land hex, but is not considered a Water Obstacle to Infantry, cavalry,
or Submerged. Each Exposed-reef hex is considered a Level -1 Hammada (Hollow
horses, vehicles [EXC: boats and LC], rubble, and A-T mines (14.53). A deep
Legions/North Africa 186) land hex in which all rules for hammada apply unchanged
OCEAN Location is a Water Obstacle.
[EXC: Mud effects are NA; no Hammada Immobilization DR (HL/NA 186.31) is
13.401 WATERCRAFT & AMPHIBIANS: A Watercraft is defined as any LC, required of Watercraft in an Ocean hex adjacent to an Exposed-reef hex; see also
boat or amphibian. An amphibian is defined as any vehicle having a printed 13.5]. An Exposed-reef hex is considered part of an Island for Drift purposes
amphibious-MP script (ie 2 MP’s identifying both Land/Water movement) [EXC: a (13.444), and is never a Hinterland hex. Each Submerged-reef hex is considered a
DD tank is an amphibian only while its screens are erect]. shallow-Ocean hex, all the rules for which apply unchanged therein [EXC: a LC may
neither set up in nor enter a Submerged-reef hex, but may Beach across one of its
13.41 NON-BEACH SHORELINE: Each hexside common to both an OCEAN
hexsides].
hex and a non-Beach land hex forms a Crest Line, and is referred to as either an
OCEAN-Hinterland hexside. 13.44 HEAVY SURF: The following (13.441-.447) can apply only if Heavy Surf is
specified by SSR, and only in Ocean hexes [EXC: 13.441-.447 are NA in hexes
13.42 WADING: The pertinent rules [GIA 168] for units allowed to move in water
between a reef and the shore (13.43), as indicated by the "?" wave symbol beside
apply unchanged except as stated otherwise. A unit [EXC: LC; boat; any PRC not in
each of those rule #s]. Surf has no game effect other than those listed in 13.441-.449.
the act of (un)loading; see also 13.492] that enters/occupies a shallow-OCEAN
(including a Submerged-reef; 13.431) Location is said to be Wading. Wading—not 13.441 SWAMPING: Each Watercraft that enters an Ocean Location and each
Fording—rules apply in shallow-OCEAN.30 A Wading unit is treated as being in a Waterproofed Wading vehicle that enters (which includes one unloading into) a
shallow stream (but not in a Depression) except as stated otherwise below. shallow-Ocean Location, risks being swamped. The opponent makes one Secret
Swamping DR for that vehicle's entire MPh, plus a Secret dr, in the same manner as
13.421 INFANTRY/CAVALRY: HE (and DC) FP is halved vs Wading Infantry,
for a vehicle moving in mud [EXC: no DR or dr is made for a LC whose Target Size
Cavalry and horses, in addition to all other modifications of that FP [EXC: CH].
is -3 or -4, nor for a LC/boat that un-Beached in that hex]. If using Platoon
Wading Infantry/Cavalry may not form multi-hex FG, and their Small-Arms/LMG
Movement (HL/NA 181.22), one DR-and-dr is made for the entire platoon.
attacks are halved as Area Fire. (They also cannot conduct CC; 13.495.) A Wading
SMC may neither direct nor modify any type of attack. Wading Infantry/Cavalry are If the Original DR is a 12, one of the following occurs to the vehicle(s chosen by
immune to PIN, LLMC, and booby-trap attacks, and are not subject to Pin/Battle- Random Selection if using Platoon Movement) in the eligible hex determined by the
Hardening results. Wading Infantry/Cavalry that suffer a break/Step-Reduction result dr: if in deep Ocean it sinks with no survivors; however, if in shallow Ocean it
for any reason always suffer a Casualty Reduction result instead. Broken Infantry becomes immobilized [EXC: if a LC it becomes Fast Aground (12.211); if a boat, it
may rout into a shallow-OCEAN Location only to avoid Failure-to-Rout elimination, sinks and its Passengers become Wading Infantry but all SW and Guns aboard it are
or to load onto a LC/amphibian during a Seaborne Evacuation (14.41). If River heavy lost].
current (COD 126.3) is in effect in OCEAN hexes, Infantry/Cavalry cannot wade
A Swamping DR and dr are made in the same manner for each Watercraft that Drifts
upriver. If Heavy Surf is in effect see 13.44, and see also 13.443, 13.445 and 13.447.
[COD 126] into any Ocean Location during its APh (i.e., Platoon Movement
For a Seaborne Assault/Evacuation see also 14.32.
principles do not apply to APh Drift; 13.444).
13.4211 SW/GUNS: No SW/non-vehicular-Gun may be fired, (un)dismantled,
A non-Waterproofed Wading vehicle that enters (which includes one unloading into)
(un)Packed or (un)Limbered by Infantry in a shallow-OCEAN Location [EXC: such
a shallow-Ocean Location is immediately immobilized (i.e., no 13.4222 DR is made).
Infantry may fire LMG (as Area Fire; 13.421)]. Each unpossessed SW/non-vehicular-
Gun in a shallow-OCEAN Location is eliminated unless on some form of 13.442 (UN)BEACHING: Whenever a LC that is not Aground begins its MPh or
conveyance. APh in an Ocean Location that contains ≥ one Beach-able hexside, and whenever a
LC enters such a Location during its MPh or APh, its owner must make an
13.4212 CONCEALMENT GAIN: Infantry in shallow OCEAN during a daytime
(un)Beaching DR () for it (even if it can/will not perform any other action in that
scenario may not make a Concealment dr (nor may any 5/8" counter, since OCEAN is
phase). A separate DR is made for each LC even if using Platoon Movement. A +1
not Concealment Terrain). However, this does not prevent "?" gain at night as per
DRM applies if the LC's Inherent crew is Inexperienced (12.113), as does a +1 if the
SQL 49.3-.5.
LC is adjacent to ≥ one Hinterland/Steeply-Sloped-Beach/non-Beach-Island hex, and
13.422 VEHICLES: The COT of a shallow-OCEAN Location is one land (not a +1 for each other LC (and for each amphibian/non-Passenger wreck) in the same
amphibious) MP for a Wading vehicle that is Waterproofed (13.4221), or two land Ocean Location with the LC. A Final (un)Beaching DR of ≤ 8 has no adverse effect
MP for a Wading vehicle that is not Waterproofed. A motorcycle being Ridden on the LC; if that DR is a 9 or 10 the LC immediately becomes TI (unless devoid of
cannot enter a shallow-OCEAN Location. Watercraft does not expend an extra MP to PRC) and if presently Beached it becomes un-Beached (or if presently un-Beached it
cross a Beach-OCEAN (or OCEAN-Hinterland) hexside even if it is an all-water becomes Beached); if that DR is ≥ 11 the LC immediately Broaches (13.4421).
hexside. All ordnance TH attempts vs a Wading vehicle receive an extra Target-
13.4421 EFFECTS: A TI LC (including its PRC) may conduct no activity for the
Based +2 TH DRM.
remainder of the Player Turn [EXC: if the LC becomes a wreck while TI, its TI status
13.4221 WATERPROOFING: Amphibians are always considered Waterproofed is lost and 12.69-.691 (or Broaching effects, below) will apply].
[EXC: a DD tank with dropped screens is considered Waterproofed only if it had
A LC that becomes un-Beached by an (un)Beaching DR is considered Non-Stopped
entered play via a deep-OCEAN Location (even if in a LC) and with its screens
(12.2; no Start MP is expended) using forward movement [EXC: if its ramp is
erect]. Other vehicles may be Waterproofed by SSR or by DYO purchase (13.94);
presently down (12.41), it instead becomes Fast Aground if in shallow Ocean or sinks
note, however, that Waterproofing is irrelevant to boats and LC, since they can never
(12.69) if in deep Ocean], and is also immediately subject to attack/damage by any
be Wading vehicles. A Waterproofed vehicle is exempt from Swamping [EXC: in
Tetrahedrons/A-B-mines (14.51/14.53) present in the hex. If the LC is immobilized
Heavy Surf; 13.441], and is sometimes less prone to Bog when exiting a deep stream
and has no lowered ramp, it automatically becomes Stopped when its TI counter is
(re 157.5). The TCA of a turreted, non-amphibian Waterproofed AFV may be
removed.
traversed neither into nor through, nor may its AAMG fire at a same, or lower-level
Rough Draft 24 100920
 BLOOD & SAND
A LC that becomes Beached by an (un)Beaching DR does so across a randomly fired/placed into/in, and OBA SMOKE has no effect in, an OCEAN Location [EXC:
determined Beach-able hexside of its hex, after resolving the effects of any Drifting SMOKE].
Tetrahedrons/A-B-mines in its hex.
13.48 SUNK BOATS: Does not apply in shallow OCEAN. The former Passengers
A LC that Broaches becomes (as per the preceding paragraph), or remains, Beached. of a boat (not LC) that is sunk while Beached across a shallow-OCEAN hexside (or
It is then flipped to its Wreck side, its Inherent crew must roll for Survival, and its while un-Beached in a shallow OCEAN hex) become Wading Infantry in that
Vehicle and Infantry Stacks (12.151) are subjected to MC as if (and with all the same shallow-OCEAN hex. All SW and Guns aboard a boat (not LC) that sinks in shallow
consequences as being) attacked by Bombardment in an Open Ground land hex OCEAN are eliminated.
[EXC: no DRM of any kind apply to such MC, but 12.13 does]. All surviving
13.49 OCEAN MISCELLANEOUS
Passengers remain aboard the Broached LC wreck (and, during a Seaborne Assault,
would still be required to unload as per 14.231). For Defensive First Fire purposes, a 13.491 BERSERK: Units in OCEAN hexes are not considered Known for berserk
LC that makes a Final (un)Beaching DR of ≥ 9 is considered to have expended its creation/charge purposes. in addition, when a unit on land suffers a berserk result but
entire printed MP allotment (or all of its still-available MP—whichever is less) in its the closest (to it) Known enemy unit on land is farther from it than the closest (to it)
present hex. enemy unit in an OCEAN hex in its LOS, the result is changed to Battle Hardening
instead.
13.4422 LC WRECK: A LC wreck is subject to (un)Beaching DR only if it is
Beached across a hexside but is not Broached, and receives an extra +2 DRM. A LC 13.492 PARATROOPS & GLIDERS: A 5/8" parachute that lands in shallow
wreck that makes an un-Beaching Final DR of 9 or 10 either becomes Fast Aground OCEAN is considered to be Wading and must take a NMC, but with a +DRM as per
in (i.e., not across a hexside of) its present shallow-Ocean hex or sinks as per 12.69 in 13.4222 (as if it were a Wading vehicle) and an extra +1 DRM if Heavy Surf is in
its present deep-Ocean hex. Otherwise, a LC wreck is considered equivalent to a LC effect; 13.421 applies to the NMC DR result. A 1/2#q parachute that lands in shallow
for (un)Beaching DR purposes and effects. OCEAN is eliminated. For the purposes of COD 140.6, a glider that lands in shallow
OCEAN is treated as if landing in a fordable river [EXC: an extra +1 drm applies to
13.4423 BOATS: All boats are subject to (un)Beaching DR (and their effects) just
its Crash dr if Heavy Surf is in effect in its hex], and all Wading effects apply to its
as if they were LC [EXC: the +1 Inexperienced-crew DRM applies if the boat's
Passengers.
Passengers are Untrained; the +2 wrecked-LC DRM applies if the boat contains no
Personnel Passenger; a Broach result eliminates the boat and all its contents, except 13.493 RUBBLE: A shallow-OCEAN Location containing a Rubble counter is
in shallow-Ocean in which case its Personnel Passengers (only) become Wading considered a rubble land—not an OCEAN—Location.
Infantry].
13.494 (this section N/A)
13.443 (UN)LOADING: The normally applicable MF/MP costs for (un)loading
Passengers (including vehicles/Guns) from/onto Watercraft in an Ocean hex (or 13.495 CC: CC attacks are NA in OCEAN Locations.
across a Beach-Ocean, or Ocean-Hinterland, hexside) are doubled (FRU after all 13.5 FORTIFICATIONS: The only Fortifications that may be set up in
doubling). OCEAN/reef hexes are Beach Obstacles (14.5). HL/NA 190.42 applies for Beach
13.444 CURRENT & DRIFT: During their ATTACKER APh (only), each hexes. in all Beach/OCEAN/reef hexes, Tunnels are NA.
amphibian/swimmer in a deep-Ocean hex, and each boat/LC in any Ocean hex, Drifts 13.6 SEAWALLS: If a SSR states that a seawall32 exists, all Beach-Hinterland
(maintaining the direction of its VCA) one hex toward the nearest (in hexes) land hex hexsides designated by that SSR become seawall hexsides as well. in addition, the
that is not part of an Island [EXC: no Watercraft/swimmer Drifts thusly if it is seawall will be defined as being either High or Low. A seawall never exists along a
presently Aground and/or adjacent to a land/reef hex, or if during the current Player Steeply Sloped beach or along an OCEAN-Hinterland hexside.
Turn it has exited a land hex or (un)Beached]. If two such eligible land hexes exist,
one of them is chosen randomly. Each unit Drifts individually; i.e., not as part of a 13.61 HIGH: A high seawall is equivalent to a one-level cliff rising from the level -
platoon. For Drowning purposes only, swimmers are considered to be in a Heavy 1 Beach; no wall rules apply. However, no cave may have a high-seawall hexside as
current. Current has no other effect in Ocean hexes [EXC: for Drowning purposes its CA Hexside (11.1), and only Commandos may Climb a high seawall. See also
only, a swimmer in a deep-lake hex, as well as one in a deep-Ocean hex in which 13.24.
Heavy Surf is not in effect, is considered to be in a Slow current]. 13.62 LOW: A low seawall is treated as a normal wall except as stated otherwise.
13.445 ATTACKS: All attacks resolved on the IFT [EXC: OBA; attacks by 13.621 MOVEMENT: Infantry/Cavalry crossing a low seawall from its Hinterland
FB/DB; A-B mines (14.53); Collateral Attacks; for Beach-Obstacle elimination to its Beach side does not expend the one MF normally required for crossing a wall.
purposes (14.56)] made from/vs an Ocean Location receive an extra +1 TH (if Vehicles may cross a low seawall only as per 13.624/13.625.
ordnance) or IFT (if non-ordnance) DRM. A Fire Lane ends in the first Ocean
Location it enters. A dr 2 sniper attack vs a target in an Ocean Location has no effect. 13.622 LOS: A unit entrenched in a Beach hex has no LOS across/along a low-
A -1 drm applies to each Tetrahedron (14.51), and a +1 drm applies to each A-B seawall hexside/hexspine to any Level 0 Hinterland Location that lies beyond the
mine, attack dr vs a LC. Hinterland hex common to that hexside/hexspine. Otherwise, a low-seawall hexside
does not block LOS, regardless of the beach's Slope; however, a LOS traced across
13.446 AGROUND: LC cannot run Aground (i.e., no 12.21 DR are made). any (but along no) low-sea-wall hexside to or from (i.e., not "to/from") a Level 0
13.447 WADING INFANTRY/CAVALRY: All cavalry, horses, and unbroken Hinterland Location is subject to a +1 LOS Hindrance if that hexside is common to
Infantry, in shallow Ocean are considered CX unless aboard a Watercraft. They neither the hex that LOS originates in nor the hex it ends in. The maximum possible
become CX immediately upon their entry into (or rally in) shallow Ocean, and that low-seawall Hindrance is +1, regardless of the number of such hexsides the LOS
status cannot be removed until the unit is on land or aboard a Watercraft (or LC touches.
wreck), at which time it becomes eligible to lose its CX status in the normal manner. EX: See the 13.23 illustration; assume a low seawall along all Beach-Hinterland
[Note again that 13.441-.447 apply only if Heavy Surf is in effect in the unit's hexsides and no PTO Terrain. Regardless of whether the beach is Slightly or
Location; 13.43.] Moderately Sloped, all Japanese units have a LOS to all U.S. units. However, the 4-4-
13.448 WIND FORCE: When Heavy Surf is in effect, Heavy Winds exist for the 8's LOS to (and hence its attacks vs) LC "H", the 7-6-8, 5-5-8 and 4-5-8, receives a +1
entire scenario; i.e., no DYO Wind Force DR is made, and a Wind Change dr of ≥ 5 LOS Hindrance. If any Japanese squad(s) use(s) Small Arms vs the 6-6-8, the latter
has no effect. cannot claim a low-seawall Hindrance. If the 6-6-8 had moved adjacent to the non-
entrenched 4-4-7, the latter could claim Wall Advantage (but not wall TEM; 13.623)
13.449 NAVAL OBA: Heavy Surf does not add a +1 IFT DRM to Naval OBA vs a Direct Fire attack. If the three U.S. squads in Beach hexes were entrenched,
(14.6) attacks, but does add a +1 drm to its Accuracy dr (14.64). regardless of whether or not the Japanese squads were entrenched, the only LOS that
13.45 BORE SIGHTING: An OCEAN hex may be Bore Sighted only if it is could exist between any of those opposing squads would be between the 4-4-7 and the
shallow. 6-6-8, and between the 4-4-7 and the 5-5-8 (and those LOS would he unhindered). An
unhindered LOS exists from hex E10 to G10, and likewise from hex 433 (or 420) to
13.46 OVERLAY ENTRY: A Watercraft [EXC: a DD tank expending amphibious 446, even if the units therein were entrenched.
MP] entering an OCEAN hex from offboard is considered (for LOS and TH purposes
only) to have expended four MP to enter that hex, thus in most cases negating TH 13.623 TEM: A non-entrenched unit in a Hinterland hex that contains a low-
Cases J, J1, J2, O, AND P. in addition, a Gun on land may claim a -1 Target seawall hexside may claim Wall Advantage over that hexside in the normal manner,
Acquisition the first time it fires in the game, provided it uses the Vehicle Target but cannot claim its TEM/HD benefits, [EXC: it may claim the +1 wall TEM vs
Type to fire at a Watercraft [EXC: a DD tank expending amphibious MP] in an Indirect as if the seawall were a normal wall]. A low seawall is not considered a wall
OCEAN hex during that Watercraft's initial MPh (or DFPh) of the game and for the purpose of firing HEAT.
voluntarily relinquishes its HIP and "?" (if any) to make that shot.31 13.624 BREACH: A Mobile dozer may Breach a low-seawall hexside just as if it
13.47 SMOKE: SMOKE from grenades/ordnance/dispensers may not be were Clearing a roadblock. A low-seawall hexside may also be Breached by a HE

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 BLOOD & SAND
Concentration from OBA of ≥ 100mm, or by a DC Set in the Beach hex as a declared 13.84 VP: Casualty VP are amassed for units/equipment wrecked/eliminated by
Breaching attempt vs a specific seawall hexside of that hex. If the FFE achieves an Swamping (13.4222; 13.441) or Broaching (13.442).
Original KIA DR in either hex common to that hexside, one low-seawall hexside of
13.9 DYO: To set up a DYO scenario using any Beach/OCEAN overlay(s), carry
that hex is Breached (use Random Selection if > one exists in the hex). If the DC
out the following procedures in the order given:
achieves a Final KIA DR, the specified low-seawall hexside is Breached. A low-
seawall hexside may also be Breached by a British AVRE as per 13.62 and British 13.91 REEF: If the scenario will be Allied-vs-Japanese, set in 1943-44, and will
Vehicle Note 37, but only if the AVRE is in a Beach hex. A Breached seawall is use the OCEAN overlay(s) to represent Ocean, a dr is made after setting up all
treated as Open Ground for movement/Manhandling purposes [EXC: it still negates mapboard(s) and Beach overlay(s) but before placing the OCEAN overlay(s) and
FFMO in the Beach hex], but otherwise retains low-seawall characteristics. purchasing units. If this Final dr is 5, a reef exists. A -1 drm applies if the amphibious
side is wholly non-American. Unless the players agree otherwise, the reef will
13.625 FASCINE: A Churchill AVRE (see British Vehicle Note AA in CoD) in a
comprise the (Alternate) Hex Grain that lies adjacent to the (Alternate) Hex Grain of
Beach hex may place a fascine "against" a low-seawall hexside (of its hex) that is
Ocean hexes forming the amphibious side's entry/exit area.
within its VCA, provided the AVRE is Mobile but Stopped. Such placement costs the
AVRE one Delay MP. Thereafter, any Mobile fully-tracked vehicle may cross that 13.92 BEACH SLOPE: Make a dr to determine the beach's Slope. A -1 drm
hexside at a cost of 25% of its printed MP allotment plus the COT of the hex entered. applies if a reef exists. If the Final dr is 2, the Slope is Slight; if 3 or 4 it is Moderate;
if 5 it is Steep.
13.7 PIERS: All rules for non-pontoon bridges apply to piers except as stated
otherwise. Piers may be "wooden" or "stone", as indicated by each Pier counter's 13.93 BEACH WIDTH: Determine the High- and Low-Tide width of the beach
brown and gray sides. Each Pier counter must be set up in a water or Beach hex. A (i.e., its minimum and maximum possible width in Beach hexes between the
unit on a pier is placed above the Pier counter, and occupies a separate, Level 0 pier Hinterland and OCEAN). If the beach is Slightly or Moderately Sloped, make a DR:
Location. A pier Location is considered a paved road for setup purposes (see also the colored dr divided by two (if it is Slightly Sloped) or by three (if it is Moderately
13.73). Sloped) equals (FRU) its High-Tide width; the white dr divided by the same number
(i.e., by two or three; FRU) and then added to the High-Tide width equals the beach's
13.71 LOS: Vs a LOS that begins and ends in non-adjacent water/Beach Locations,
Low-Tide width. If the beach is Steeply Sloped, its High- and Low-Tide widths are
each intervening stone-pier hex is an Inherent-Terrain obstacle while each intervening
always one and two hexes respectively.
wooden-pier hex is an Inherent-Terrain +1 LOS Hindrance. A pier hex is neither a
Hindrance nor an obstacle to LOS that begins at Level 0 and ends in a water/Beach 13.94 PURCHASES: Both sides make all DYO purchases. The BPV cost to
Location (or vice-versa) [EXC: if that water/Beach Location is adjacent to a pier hex Waterproof a vehicle is "2".
crossed/touched by that LOS, that LOS is blocked or Hindered as if beginning and
ending in non-adjacent water/Beach Locations]. A pier hex has no effect on LOS 13.95 DEFENDER SETUP: Set up all OCEAN overlays. If they represent Ocean,
that neither begins nor ends in a water/Beach Location. set them up so that the beach is at its Low-Tide width; otherwise, set them up to show
the beach is at its High-Tide width. The player judged to be defending the beach then
13.711 LARGE VEHICLES: If the LOS to/from a vehicle whose Target Size is -2, sets up; see also 13.5 and 14.2-.21. Any OCEAN hex that is/could-become (13.97)
-3 or -4 would be blocked by an intervening stone pier, the unit/target to which that shallow may be Bore Sighted, provided Bore Sighting is otherwise allowed.
LOS is being drawn is treated as being directly behind a stone wall and receives the
TEM/HD-status thereof even if not adjacent to that pier. Such TEM is not cumulative 13.96 Underwater Demolition Team (UDT): After resolving all Recon dr (if any,
with any other +TEM [EXC: mud/deep-snow TEM]. See also 13.72. 13.961), all Underwater Demolition Team (14.561) dr are made and resolved.

13.72 TEM: A pier Location is Open Ground with a 0 TEM. A unit on a pier can 13.961 RECON: A SSR or DYO purchase may give the Scenario Attacker a single
claim Height Advantage (COI 77, 99.1) only vs an adjacent, in-LOS unit in a Recon dr after the Scenario Defender has set up, but prior to his own setup. The Final
water/Beach Location [EXC: not if that adjacent unit is a vehicle whose Target Size is dr is the number of hexes (chosen by the Scenario Attacker), which the Scenario
-2, -3 or -4]. See also 13.711. Defender must reveal units in, if in fact he had set up in them. Hidden units are
placed in their setup hexes concealed. Concealed units in these hexes lose their
13.73 ENTRY: Infantry changing elevation while entering/exiting a pier Location concealed status (the Scenario Attacker also receives Right of Inspection of those
expend MF as if crossing a hill Crest Line [EXC: COD 126.8 applies if units) regardless of the presence of a LOS to any enemy units. If any hidden
diving/jumping into deep water;]. No Gun, vehicle or Horse counter may be moved Fortifications are in the hex, they must be revealed and placed on the board [EXC: the
to/from a pier Location directly from/into a water or Beach hex. Only Infantry/boats type/strength of mines is not revealed, nor are Fortified Buildings/tunnels]. The
may set-up/enter beneath a wooden pier [EXC: Infantry are NA in deep water]. No Recon dr is modified by the following cumulative drm based on the Scenario
unit may set-up/enter beneath a stone pier. Attacker's Majority Squad Type.
13.731 (UN)LOADING LC/AMPHIBIAN: A Mobile LC may expend a Stop MP
British, Partisans, Russians, Japanese +1
in a water Location adjacent to a pier, even if using forward movement. Likewise, a
Stealthy +1
Mobile amphibian may expend a Stop MP in a water/Beach Location adjacent to a
Germans, U.S. 0
pier. in either case, the Stopped vehicle may (un)load Personnel (only) directly
All other nationalities -1
onto/off-of that pier, at a cost of 50% (FRU) of their respective MF/MP allotments
Lax -1
[EXC: 100%, if Heavy Surf effects apply in that water Location; 13.443]. No extra
cost applies for COT or for (un)loading to/from a different elevation, nor does such 13.97 TIDE: The player conducting the amphibious operation (or judged not to be
(un)loading lower the LC's ramp. The ability to (un)load in this manner does not itself defending the beach) declares the Tide to be either High or Low [EXC: if the OCEAN
prevent an amphibian from instead (un)loading Passengers into/from its own shallow overlay represents lake or river terrain, assume the "Tide" to be High]. This, in
water hex, but would prevent a LC from doing so because it would be Mobile but not conjunction with 13.93, determines the beach's actual width for the scenario. Note that
Beached. this may alter the setup terrain of (and thus might eliminate; 14.56) some/all Beach
Obstacles. in addition, if a reef exists, a High Tide makes it Submerged while a Low
13.732 (UN)LOADING BOAT: Only Personnel may (un)load from/onto a boat
Tide makes it Exposed. All Bore Sighting in what are now deep OCEAN hexes is
directly to/from a pier Location, and only if that boat is Beached across a hexside of a
lost. All A-T mines now in shallow OCEAN become A-B mines.
pier hex. A boat may Beach across a hexside of a pier hex in the normal manner, but
cannot do so while beneath any Pier counter (nor may it un-Beach from a pier to 13.98 SURF: If Heavy Surf is not already stated as being in effect in a SSR, make a
directly beneath a Pier counter). dr to determine if it is in effect. If the dr is a 6, it is; otherwise it is not.
13.733 SW: Infantry/Personnel entering/exiting a pier hex may carry their 13.99 ATTACKER SETUP: The other player sets up, all Bombardments (if any)
possessed SW unless otherwise unable to. are conducted (see also 14.56/14.7), and play is ready to begin.
13.734 DRIFT: An LC/amphibian does not Drift if it would Drift into a pier hex. A
boat/swimmer does not Drift if it would Drift into a stone-pier hex.
14. SEABOURNE ASSAULT
13.8 MISCELLANEOUS
14.1 If a scenario is defined by SSR as being a Seaborne Assault or a Seaborne
13.81 BYPASS: Bypass along a Beach/OCEAN overlay hexside is NA. Evacuation, certain special rules are in effect:
13.82 CORAL SOIL: If a SSR states that Coral Soil is in effect, all Entrenching
14.2 ASSAULT: The following (14.21-.262) apply only in Seaborne Assault
Attempts receive a +2 DRM and Mud effects are NA.
scenarios (see also 14.3):
13.83 STRAYING: During a night scenario, a unit that begins its MPh with a LOS
to a Beach/OCEAN Location is exempt from Straying in that MPh. A Straying unit 14.21 SETUP RESTRICTIONS: Nothing in the OB of the side defending the
that gains a LOS to a Beach/OCEAN Location during a daytime/night scenario beach may be set up in Beach/OCEAN Locations [EXC: Beach Obstacles; 14.5]. A
immediately becomes TI. Watercraft with a Passenger PP capacity may enter play only if 2/3 [EXC: 1/2, if the
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 BLOOD & SAND
Watercraft is carrying a vehicle/non-dm-Gun] of that capacity is taken up by
Passenger unit(s)/equipment.
14.262 AIR SUPPORT: Air Support purchased by the Assaulting side has its BPV
EX: A LC or LVT with a 39PP Passenger capacity may enter play only if its still- halved (FRU), and will arrive at the start of Turn 1 in the form of three FB with
usable capacity has been reduced by Passenger units/equiprnent to 13PP. bombs. However, all FB are Recalled at the instant the first friendly Watercraft enters
(or Beaches adjacent to) any non-Island land hex.
14.22 UNDERWATER DEMOLITION TEAMS: The U.S. side may be able to use
UDT in an attempt to eliminate Beach Obstacles; see 14.561. 14.3 ASSAULT/EVACUATION: The following (14.31-.34) apply only in
scenarios defined as Seaborne Assaults or Seaborne Evacuations (see also 14.4):
14.23 WATERCRAFT PRC: The Passenger(s) of each LC may be set up and kept
in a Cloaking Box as per E5.123 until that LC Beaches, at which time all of its 14.31 BU/CE AMPHIBIAN: If an armored amphibian with a Passenger capacity is
Passengers are placed onboard stacked on that LC counter. The same principles apply marked with neither a BU nor a CE counter, its Inherent crew is considered to be CE
to the Passenger(s) (as defined in 12.12 for these purposes) of an amphibian, except and all Passengers aboard it are considered BU through its armored Target Facing(s).
that they are revealed when their amphibian enters a non-reef, non-Beach land hex. If an armored amphibian with a Passenger capacity is marked with a CE counter, its
When a vehicle/Gun aboard a LC/amphibian is in a Cloaking Box, treat the top of that Inherent crew and all Passengers are considered CE through their/the-amphibian's
Box as the front of the LC/amphibian for (V)CA purposes (12.121). A SW/Gun must armored Target Facing(s). No Passenger aboard an amphibian may be CE or claim
be, and remain, dm (if possible) while aboard a LC/amphibian during a Seaborne any CE benefit while the crew is BU.
Assault. When a hidden Passenger aboard a Watercraft is eliminated, the opponent is
informed only of the Casualty VP he has thereby amassed, and only if scenario 14.311 DEPLOYING: During offboard setup, each squad of the Assaulting side
Victory Conditions require him to amass Casualty VP. may Deploy freely (i.e., without the need of a leader/TC and regardless of any normal
Deployment limits) in order to enter play in Watercraft. Good Order squads of the
14.231 UNLOADING: Once a LC has Beached (even involuntarily), all of its Evacuating side may Deploy freely as they (or one of their HS) load onto a
Passengers must attempt to unload as soon as possible. Whenever an immobilized Watercraft.
LC/amphibian is in a Location in which any of its Passengers can unload, all who
possibly can must attempt to unload as soon as possible unless doing so would leave 14.32 INFANTRY/CAVALRY: Each non-prisoner Infantry/Cavalry unit of the
them with no path of enterable hexes to a Hinterland hex. Assaulting/Evacuating side is considered Fanatic while in a Beach Location or
Wading in shallow OCEAN. If entering a Beach Location from a Hinterland hex, or
14.232 RECALL: Each LC/amphibian with a Passenger capacity is immediately unloading from a vehicle into a Beach/shallow-OCEAN Location, it instantly
Recalled when no Passenger unit capable of unloading by itself is aboard it. All becomes Fanatic, prior to Defensive First Fire vs it. If wishing to advance into a
Passenger units aboard each ATTACKER amphibian that begins the MPh in a Hinterland hex from a Beach Location in order to CC an AFV, it need not take a PTC
Hinterland hex must take one combined TC at some point (of the owning player's since it is Fanatic when required to take it. A unit already Fanatic receives no further
choice) in that MPh [EXC: they must take it while in a Hinterland hex]. This benefit. A unit that receives a "Fanatic" Heat of Battle result while in a Beach
Passenger TC is taken even if the amphibian is TI/Shocked/Stunned etc.; and is Location is marked with a Fanatic counter and remains Fanatic as per A15.3. While in
resolved as a single NTC () for all Passengers aboard that amphibian, using the a Beach Location, Infantry/Cavalry of the Assaulting/Evacuating side treat LLMC as
highest current Morale Level among them (and basing that Morale Level on their LLTC, treat Heat of Battle "Berserk" and "Surrender" results as "Battle Hardening"
Good Order side unless all of those Passengers are broken). If that NTC is failed, the results, and if subjected to a break/Step-Reduction result [EXC: one caused by a
amphibian is immediately Recalled. The Recall of an already-immobilized Wreck Check, Para-landing, OVR Prevention MC, or Panji MC] always suffer a
LC/amphibian has no effect [EXC: the Inherent crew of such an armored amphibian Casualty Reduction result instead.
must Abandon (and cannot re-enter) it; D5.341]. Recall as per 14.232 can apply to an
amphibian carrying one Passenger unit even if it is unarmored (and thus is not an 14.33 RECALL: No vehicle of the Assaulting/Evacuating side suffers Recall due to
AFV; D1.2), or is BU, and/or has an Inherent Driver. MA disablement. A Recall due to attack effects (not due to 14.232) suffered by the
Inherent crew of an AFV of the Assaulting/Evacuating side is always treated as a Stun
14.233 ABANDONING AMPHIBIAN: No amphibian Inherent crew may result only (i.e., no Recall ensues from that attack); however, the +1 DRM effects of
voluntarily Abandon its vehicle. Whenever an amphibian with a Passenger capacity is all Stun results vs an AFV crew of the Assaulting/Evacuating side are cumulative.
immobilized by an ESB (D2.5) or Mechanical Reliability (D2.51) DR, its crew must
Abandon it as soon as possible (and 14.231 will apply to its Passengers); after all PRC 14.34 AIR SUPPORT: Aircraft of the Assaulting/Evacuating side treat all friendly
have left it, that Abandoned amphibian is flipped over to its Wreck side (but will not units in Beach/OCEAN Locations as hidden for all Sighting-TC and Mistaken-Attack
count as eliminated for VP purposes). purposes. The opponent may not place, prior to rolling for Accuracy, a Mistaken-
Attack FFE in such a way that its Blast Area includes one Beach/OCEAN Location
14.234 "ASAP": Within all otherwise-applicable restrictions (e.g., those conferred occupied by any unit(s) of the Assaulting/Evacuating side. If all units of the
by the presence of a Recall/TI/Shock counter), PRC forced to Abandon/unload "as Assaulting/Evacuating side are in Beach/OCEAN Locations, then no Mistaken Attack
soon as possible" (even as per D5.341) may do so at any time during, but must do so occurs.
before the end of, the current or a subsequent friendly MPh (whichever is possible
first) [EXC: if broken at the start of a RtPh, they would have to Abandon/unload in 14.4 EVACUATION: The following (14.41-.42) apply only in Seaborne
that RtPh]. Units need not unload as a single stack just to comply with the "ASAP" Evacuation scenarios (see also 14.3):
requirement, but while still aboard the vehicle they and it are prohibited from
performing (or even attempting) any activity [EXC: Manhandling] that would (or 14.41 ROUT ONTO LC/AMPHIBIAN: Infantry of the Evacuating side may rout
possibly could) delay/prevent them from debarking at the required time. onto LC/amphibians as if those LC/amphibians were buildings, ignoring those that are
Immobile/burning and/or lack the PP capacity necessary to allow the routing unit to
14.24 BATTLEFIELD INTEGRITY: Battlefield Integrity (A16.) never applies to load onto it. Such an Infantry unit has only four MF if it will load during that RtPh,
the Assaulting side. and must expend the applicable loading cost as if it were the MPh.

14.25 FG: No unit of the Assaulting side may form/participate-in a multi-hex FG 14.42 VP: Broken/Recalled units, and heroes, can count for Exit VP purposes in a
while in a Beach hex. See also 13.421. Seaborne Evacuation scenario (a hero would be worth one VP). See also 12.84.

14.26 DYO: The side conducting the Assault receives free LC; see 12.9. 14.5 BEACH OBSTACLES: Mines, Tetrahedrons, Wire and Panjis are referred to
collectively as Beach Obstacles.
14.261 SNIPERS: in a DYO scenario, 1 Sniper may be purchased for every
multiple of 5 Full squads in its order of battle. in scenarios in which players intend to 14.501 HIP: Normal HIP and HIP-loss procedures apply to Beach Obstacles.
use snipers as an optional rule, the sniper ratio is 1 Sniper for every multiple of 7 Full
Squads scenarios and then consult the following chart to determine their class: 14.51 TETRAHEDRONS: Tetrahedrons34 may be set
up only in Beach/Ocean/reef hexes (but see also 14.56),
Sniper Determination with no more than one such counter per hex. A tetrahedron
Chart (PV 14.261) is neither an obstacle nor a Hindrance, but its Location is
Dice Sniper considered non-Open Ground. The vehicular COT of a Location containing a
8-12 -1 Tetrahedron counter is increased by one [EXC: this increase is NA for boats (other
5-9 -2 than LC), motorcycles and wagons]. There is no extra MF cost to enter a
3-4 -3 tetrahedron's Location. The reverse side of each Tetrahedron counter is called a
2 -4
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 BLOOD & SAND
Tetrahedron-Wire counter, and is used to show the presence of both Fortification 14.57 BEACHING: All DR/dr required by the presence of any Beach Obstacle(s)
types in the same Location; see 14.52. Tetrahedrons may attack only LC. Whenever a in an OCEAN hex that is entered by a LC/boat (or within which a LC changes its
LC enters, or changes VCA, or becomes (un)Beached as per 13.442, in a tetrahedron- VCA) must be made prior to the Beaching declaration (if any) for that LC/boat.
Ocean hex the tetrahedron's owner makes a dr (one dr per VCA hexspine changed); a
-1 drm applies if Heavy Surf effects (besides just Heavy Wind; 13.448) apply in that 14.58 DYO: Each Tetrahedron counter has a BPV of "3". The BPV of other Beach
hex (13.445). If the Final dr is a 2, the LC is destroyed but no Wreck Blaze or Obstacles remains unchanged (hence a Tetrahedron-and-Wire counter's BPV is "8").
Collateral Attack ensues. If the Final dr is 1, the LC is considered to have detonated The U.S. (only) player may purchase as many UDT dr as he wishes, at a BPV of "5"
an A-B mine (14.53) Inherent to the tetrahedron (no B28.51 dr is made), and the LC each [EXC: purchase is NA both prior to 1944 and vs (versus) other than Japanese;
(and its PRC) are affected as per 14.53. A Final dr of ≥ 3 has no effect. If a LC enters 14.561]. UDT Expenditures are recorded as Fortifications on the DYO Purchase
a hex that contains both tetrahedrons and actual (i.e., non-Inherent) A-B mines, their Roster. Note that in DYO scenarios the terrain of Beach Obstacle hexes may change
owner may roll for either attack first; if wire is also present (14.52), its effects can from OCEAN to Beach or vice-versa (due to the amphibious player's declaration of
come into play only after rolling for those other attacks. A 5/8" parachute that lands in the tide as High or Low; 13.97); see 14.56.
a tetrahedron's Location must take a NMC as per E9.42, and receives an extra +1
DRM due to the tetrahedron. A glider that lands in a tetrahedron's Location must add 14.6 NAVAL OBA (NOBA): NOBA is a specialized type of OBA, and comes in
an extra +1 drm to its Crash dr. various Caliber sizes of l00mm-400mm.35 All rules pertaining to OBA, radios and
Observers apply to NOBA except as stated otherwise. NOBA may be used only by
14.52 WIRE: Wire may be set up in Beach hexes that contain no Panjis, and in the U.S., British, Russians, and Japanese, and only if so allowed by SSR or by DYO
OCEAN/reef hexes that contain tetrahedrons. The presence of wire in a shallow- purchase. However, the Japanese/Russian side may use NOBA only if directed by an
OCEAN Location adds a +1 DRM to a LC's Aground (12.21) DR unless the LC's Observation Plane or Shipboard Observer (14.68). NOBA uses green OBA counters.
Target Size is -3 or -4. If the LC (even if its Target Size is -3 or -4) does not run Neither Plentiful nor Scarce-Ammunition rules ever apply to NOBA, nor may it use
ground due to that DR, it eliminates the Wire counter if the colored dr of that DR was Pre-Registered Fire.
a "1". Amphibians treat wire in OCEAN hexes the same as wire on land. A boat (E5.)
entering a wire-OCEAN hex sinks; all SW and Guns aboard it are eliminated, and its
Personnel become Wading Infantry above that Wire counter [EXC: wire in an
OCEAN Location has no effect on boats and their contents if Heavy Surf effects
(besides just Heavy Wind; 13.448) apply in that Location]. A Wire Exit dr (B26.4)
made by a unit in an OCEAN Location receives a +1 drm.

14.53 A-T/A-B MINES: A-T mines may be set up in

Beach/OCEAN/reef hexes. Those that begin play in shallow OCEAN
are termed A-B (anti-boat) mines. A-B mines are treated exactly like
A-T mines (136.73-76) except as stated otherwise. A +1 drm applies to
the attack DR vs. an LC if Heavy Surf effects (besides just Heavy Wind; 13.448)
apply in that hex (13.445). The attack is resolved vs the LC with an Effects DR on the
36 FP column of the IFT; the Original DR subtracted from "13" equals the number of
DP inflicted on the LC. 12.68 applies for Blaze purposes. All PRC (selected as per
12.678, if applicable) of a LC affected by an A-B mine are subject to a 16 FP
Collateral Attack [EXC: a Passenger AFV (and its PRC) can be Vulnerable only if its
lowest hull AF is 0, in which case it is treated as an unarmored vehicle]. Use the 16
FP column for each Passenger vehicle/Gun thusly attacked. Mud/Deep-Snow do not
affect A-B mine attacks. A-B mines can also attack Wading vehicles, but are
resolved as normal A-T mine attacks.

14.54 A-P MINES: A-P mines may be set up in Soft-Sand Beach hexes, and in
Hard-Sand Beach hexes that are adjacent to one Hinterland hex, provided (in both
cases) that those hexes contain no Panjis. EC are ignored when determining whether a
Beach hex is Hard or Soft Sand for A-P mine setup purposes.

14.55 PANJIS: Panjis may be set up in Soft-Sand Beach hexes, and in Hard-Sand
Beach hexes that are adjacent to one Hinterland hex, provided (in both cases) that
those hexes contain neither wire nor mines. EC are ignored when determining
whether a Beach hex is Hard or Soft Sand for panji setup purposes.

14.56 ELIMINATION: Each Beach Obstacle that begins play in deep OCEAN, or
in a type of hex it would not have been allowed to set up in, is immediately
eliminated; see 14.58 [EXC: A-B mines that begin play in Beach hexes become A-T
mines, and A-T mines that begin play in shallow OCEAN become A-B mines].
During play, a Tetrahedron (or Tetrahedron-Wire) counter can be eliminated only by
a DC as per B26.51 or by an Aerial-bomb/FFE-Concentration HE attack as per
B26.52, while other Beach Obstacles can be eliminated in the normal manner for each
type. Wire eliminated by vehicular entry (14.52; 15.23; B26.53) does not eliminate
any tetrahedron in that Location; flip the Tetrahedron-Wire counter over to show just
the tetrahedron. The applicable FP of HE attacks vs OCEAN hexes [EXC: DC
Placed/Set as per B26.51] is halved (in addition to all other modifications) for Beach-
Obstacle elimination purposes. Vs Bombardment (C1.8; 14.7), all Beach Obstacles
14.61 SFCP: The only onboard Observer allowed for a NOBA battery is a Shore
can be affected in the normal manner for that type of Fortification (tetrahedrons are
Fire-Control Party (SFCP). However, a SFCP may be used only with a U.S./British
affected as if they were wire).
NOBA battery,36 and is always represented by a Chinese, Italian or Axis Minor
(owner's choice) 2-2-7 infantry-crew counter. Such a crew is assumed to be the same
14.561 UNDERWATER DEMOLITION TEAMS (UDT): The use of UDT is
nationality as its NOBA battery, and to have all normal infantry-crew and Observer
allowed only by SSR or by DYO purchase, and only by the U.S. side in a Seaborne
qualities except as stated otherwise. A SFCP may possess no SW/Gun [EXC: its
Assault vs the Japanese set in/after 1944. UDT capability is given in the form of a
Inherent radio; 14.611] nor may it become an Inherent crew. A SFCP is considered
number of dr which are resolved after all pregame setup (and Recon dr, if any;
Inexperienced Personnel [EXC: it does not lower the B# of its Inherent radio]. A
E1.23), but prior to both Bombardment (if any) and the start of play. For each UDT dr
SFCP that sets up onboard may use HIP as if it were manning a field phone. The
allowed, the U.S. player makes the dr and points out to his opponent a number of
Casualty VP value of a SFCP is "2".
Beach/OCEAN hexes equal to that Original dr. All Beach Obstacles in those hexes
are immediately eliminated; the U.S. player is then informed of what type(s) of Beach
14.611 RADIO: A SFCP is assumed to possess a three-PP Inherent radio (thus
Obstacle were eliminated, but is not told of their strength, number or exact location.
equaling eight PP for Passenger PP purposes), and may neither Transfer nor

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 BLOOD & SAND
drop/share possession of that radio; however, if the SFCP is captured/eliminated, its battery's Accuracy dr and halves (FRU) its Extent-of-Error dr. However, a Shipboard
Inherent radio is immediately eliminated. A SFCP's Inherent radio (referred to Observer may place an AR only in/adjacent-to a Known (to him) enemy ground unit,
hereafter as a SFCP radio) has a Contact value of "8" and a breakdown value of and must make an extra chit draw if a Known (to him) friendly ground unit is within
"X12" (PV.7 can apply). If the Radio Contact/Maintenance Original DR for a SFCP six hexes of that AR.42 A Shipboard Observer who has successfully placed an AR
radio is a 12, the SFCP itself is eliminated (but no VP are awarded). A SFCP radio prior to beginning a new Fire Mission may dispense with the SR and instead
cannot be used while the SFCP is a Passenger. No Unarmed unit may be re-armed as immediately place a FFE (for which Accuracy/Extent-of-Error are then determined,
a SFCP. A normal radio/field-phone cannot make Radio Contact with a NOBA etc). Otherwise, a Shipboard Observer is treated as a normal non-Aerial Offboard
battery [EXC: the radio of an Observer Plane assigned to that battery], nor may a Observer.
SFCP radio make Contact with a regular OBA battery or with a NOBA battery other
than its own."37" 14.69 DYO: A DR made on the OBA availability Chart prohibits rolling on the
NOBA availability Chart (and vice-versa). The U.S. side may purchase NOBA only
14.62 NOBA LOF: Each NOBA battery uses a NOBA LOF which is traced from for scenarios set in/after 8/42. Purchase dates for British NOBA are 1940-45, for
the center dot of a predesignated Ocean hex through/beyond the center dot of the hex Japanese NOBA are 1937-42, and for Russians are 1939-45. Each U.S./British NOBA
containing that battery's onboard AR/SR/FFE counter (or, in certain cases mentioned battery comes with a SFCP (in lieu of a leader and radio, and at no extra BPV cost)
below, to any given hex [es] within its FFE's Blast Area). The Ocean hex is secretly unless an Observation Plane or Shipboard Observer is purchased for it. However, an
recorded after all setup but prior to the start of play, and must have two hexsides Observation Plane or Shipboard Observer must be purchased for each British NOBA
along the edge of the playing area and be twelve hexes away from all Hinterland battery in a 1940 scenario, for each U.S. NOBA battery in a scenario set prior to
hexes. Otherwise, the NOBA battery's owner may choose its Ocean hex, provided that 11/42, and for every Japanese/Russian NOBA battery regardless of the scenario's
no SSR lists a specific hex for that battery and that each NOBA battery uses a date. The BPV of a Shipboard Observer is "20". Contrary to E7.6, no Air Support
different Ocean hex. Availability DR is required in order to purchase an Observation Plane for a NOBA
battery, and the U.S./British/Russian side may purchase a NOBA Observation
14.63 BATTERY ACCESS: Each NOBA battery, regardless of nationality, uses a Plane(s) regardless of the scenario's date (1.6621 applies for the Japanese).
Draw Pile of five black and two red chits. Whenever a chit in the Draw Pile of a
NOBA battery would otherwise be permanently removed (C1.211), it is instead mixed
back into the Pile; thus no chit is permanently removed from a NOBA Draw Pile. 14.7 NAVAL BOMBARDMENT: The following rules, which may be invoked
Drawing two red chits does not cause the permanent loss of NOBA Battery Access.38 only via SSR or DYO-purchase, simulate the artillery softening-up process conducted
prior to a set-piece attack.
14.64 ACCURACY: NOBA, regardless of its nationality, is Accurate on a Final dr
of 2. A +1 drm applies to its Accuracy dr if Heavy Surf is in effect (13.449). 14.71 AREA: Bombardment begins after setup (inclusive of units set up offboard)
but prior to the start of play. Bombardment potentially affects all the hexes of an
14.65 BLAST AREA: The Blast Area of a NOBA Concentration contains nine entire mapboard (hexrows A-GG) or two adjacent half-boards (hexrows A-Q/Q-GG)
hexes instead of the usual seven.39 The two extra hexes are determined with the at the firer's option, including all friendly units present in that designated area. The
NOBA LOF drawn through the center dot of its FFE counter's hex, and comprise the firer makes six dr, modifying the last three dr by +6. Each of these Final dr represent a
last hex that LOF crosses as it enters, and the first hex it crosses as it exits the numerical grid coordinate of the Bombardment area which is immune to its effects.
"normal" seven-hex Blast Area of that Concentration. The FFE, if HE, is resolved vs Should any of these Final dr result in the same number or exceed 10, the total are
these two hexes with halved FP (or, if the battery is 250mm, on the 16 FP column spared the effects of the Bombardment is correspondingly less. A Final dr of 10 also
with the Heavy-Payload DRM halved [FRD]), barring a CH. spares all hexes of the Bombardment that have a coordinate of 0.

14.66 REVERSE SLOPES: If a NOBA LOF being traced to any hex within its EX: The German player is entitled to a pre-game Bombardment and rolls 3, 1, 3, 4
FFE Blast Area crosses, in the preceding hex adjacent to that hex, a hill whose (+6 = 10), 5 (+6 = 11), and 2 (+6 = 8). All hexes of the Bombardment area with a
Base/Crest Level (whichever is higher) is > that of the hex to which that NOBA LOF numerical coordinate of 0, 1, 3, 8, and 10 are spared the effects of Bombardment.
is being traced, the latter hex is considered a Reverse Slope hex of that battery.
Reverse Slope hex is immune to attack (including WP placement) by the NOBA 14.72 EFFECTS: All non-Aerial Personnel units and Vulnerable PRC not in the
battery using that NOBA LOF40 [EXC: an upper building level in a Reverse Slope hex spared hexes must take a 2MC prior to the start of play (thus passing the 2MC has no
is immune to that battery's attack only if it is lower than the hex that makes the effect on HIP/"?" status). However, the TEM of their Location is added to their MC
building hex a Reverse Slope hex]. Only hill terrain itself—not woods, buildings DR as a negative DRM (e.g., -4: entrenchment; +1: woods [Air Bursts]; -3:
[EXC: see 14.661], orchards, etc.—can cause Reverse Slopes. Irrespective of its entrenchment in woods; 0: Open Ground). A -2 DRM applies if in Marsh. Otherwise,
Observer's LOS, if a NOBA battery's AR/SR is placed (or lands, after all adjustment) all rules for, and consequences of, a MC apply in the normal manner.
in what would be a Reverse Slope hex of that battery if that AR/SR were a FFE, or if Hidden/concealed Personnel that break or become pinned must be completely
its FFE Blast Area lies completely in Reverse Slope hexes of that battery, that revealed regardless of enemy LOS (thus eliminating a Dummy stack). All Horses,
AR/SR/FFE counter is immediately removed, that Fire Mission (if any) is Cancelled Motorcycles, and Boats not in the spared hexes are eliminated; any passengers must
and that battery's (and Observer's) OBA actions for that phase are ended [EXC: the bail out, and then must take the Bombardment 2MC. CH are not applicable during
preceding penalties do not apply if that AR/SR is in a hex with (or that FFE Blast Bombardment.
Area contains) an upper building level that is not immune to that battery's NOBA FFE
and is in its Observer's LOS, or if that battery is firing an IR]. 14.721 Equipment/Vehicles (and SW/Guns, in some instances) not in the spared
hexes must take a NMC [EXC: Horses, Motorcycles, and Boats do not take MC; they
14.661 BUILDINGS: A Multi-Story Building that is also multi-hex can create are affected as per 1.82]. Unarmored vehicles have a Morale Level of 6, Guns and
Reverse Slope hexes as if the building were a hill of the same full-level height. SW have a Morale Level of 7, all OT AFV and those CT AFV with all AF ≤ 4 have a
Morale Level of 8, and all other CT AFV have a Morale Level of 9. There is no Pin,
14.67 FIRE MISSIONS: The only Fire Missions usable by a NOBA battery or reversed TEM (1.82), effect. Each vehicle must take its MC before its occupants
regardless of its nationality/Caliber-Size are HE Concentrations and IR (for the latter do. A possessed SW/Gun takes the NMC only if its possessor breaks/suffers-
see also 14.672). WP Concentrations may also be fired by U.S. (only) NOBA Casualty-Reduction; if unpossessed when attack by the Bombardment, it must always
batteries of 120mm-150mm. NOBA may not use other types of Fire Missions take the NMC. Failing a MC by one immobilizes vehicles, and malfunctions SW and
(including rockets). non-vehicular ordnance. Failing the MC by two eliminates it, and a destroyed
vehicle's passengers/crew must roll for Survival (those that survive are not attacked
14.671 NON-CONTINUATION: A NOBA FFE may neither be Converted to a SR again by the Bombardment). A vehicle failing a MC by ≥ three results in a burning
nor replaced by a new Fire Mission's FFE. Instead, if that battery's owner wishes it to wreck.
begin another Fire Mission, he must place a new AR, etc., (even if the target hex
remains the same). 14.722 TERRAIN: Each building/bridge hex not in the spared hexes must take a
NMC before any of its occupants do. Wooden buildings/bridges (and pontoon
14.672 IR: A NOBA battery of 150mm with Radio Contact and Battery Access bridges) have a Morale Level of 8, and stone buildings/bridges have a Morale Level
may fire an IR in its PFPh/DFPh even during/at-the-start-of a HE/WP Fire Mission. It of 9. Completely Fortified building hexes [EXC: Factory] may increase their Morale
first places the IR and then proceeds with its HE/WP Fire Mission in the normal Level by one. A "brown" Bunker has a Morale Level of 10; a "grey" pillbox has a
manner.41 Morale Level of 11. One level of the building (from top down) is turned to rubble for
every multiple of one by which the MC is failed (a bridge would be treated as a Single
14.68 SHIPBOARD OBSERVER: A non-Aerial Offboard Observer used with a Story House). All occupants of a rubble level are eliminated. Wire and Roadblock
NOBA battery is referred to as a Shipboard Observer. A Shipboard Observer is counters, as well as all minefields, have a Morale Level of 9, and are eliminated if
assumed to be at Level 1 in his battery's Ocean hex, and both grants a -1 drm to that they fail their NMC; if hidden, they take their NMC and any eliminations are noted on
Rough Draft 29 100920
 BLOOD & SAND
the owner's side record (without telling his opponent what was eliminated or where attempts some other type of Clearance/dozing. Dozing may be claimed for more than
such occured). If a unit in a sangar is eliminated, so is that sangar. one activity at a time only as per 15.26, and may never be declared/conducted while
using Reverse movement.
14.723 FIRE/SHELLHOLES: Whenever any Bombardment MC DR is an Original
12, make a subsequent dr. If this dr is ≤ 4 a Shellhole counter is placed at the Base 15.21 vs PILLBOX/ENTRENCHMENT/TUNNEL: A Mobile dozer may use
Level of that hex, provided such placement is otherwise legal; if the dr is ≥ 3 a Flame Clearance (B24.7) to eliminate a Pillbox/Entrenchment counter or a friendly (or
is placed in the same manner; if the dr is 3 or 4, place one of each. Bombardment may Recovered enemy; B8.61) tunnel entrance/exit that is not in a building Location. To
place no more than one of each type per hex do so, the dozer's owner must first declare the attempt vs one such "target" during the
dozer's MPh while it is in the same hex with that "target". The dozer must then
14.724 REVERSE SLOPES: A land Location is immune to Naval Bombardment if expend a Stop MP in that hex (if non-Stopped), and is marked with a TI counter to
it would be considered a Reverse Slope (14.66) Location of all enemy NOBA show that it can conduct no other activity during that Player Turn while Mobile. If it
batteries if every Ocean hex in play contained the Shipboard Observer of a different is still Mobile at the end of that Player Turn's CCPh and no Melee exists in its hex, its
enemy NOBA battery. If such an immune Location is also the Base Level of a cave's owner makes the Clearance DR. The only DRM possible are: +x for Labor Status; +y
Entrance Hex, that cave is also immune to Naval Bombardment. for leadership; -5 for the dozer; a +DRM equal to the +TEM of the terrain in that hex
(e.g., +2 for dense jungle; 0 for Open Ground or kunai), excluding any TEM caused
14.73 RESOLUTION: Each Naval Bombardment MC DR receives a +2 DRM. by the presence of shellholes, a bridge, Fortification(s), and/or Artificial Terrain
Each hidden Fortification counter [EXC: mines and caves] subjected to a Naval (B.9); and a -1 for each 25% (FRD) of its printed MP allotment which the dozer has
Bombardment MC is revealed (regardless of LOS) unless eliminated. spent in Delay that MPh while thusly TI. A successful Clearance DR successfully
eliminates that "target". All of an eliminated entrenchment's/pillbox's contents, plus
14.74 DYO: Naval Bombardment may be purchased only if one OCEAN overlay all tunnel entrances/exits in its Location, are eliminated as well [EXC: if a tunnel with
treated as Ocean is in play, and only if no normal Bombardment is purchased by that another existing exit connects to that pillbox and is usable by its occupants, they
side. The BPV of each Naval Bombardment is "250". (excluding Guns) are placed offboard (in the proper Cloaking Box if applicable)
beneath a Sewer counter; in their next APh they must exit the tunnel as per B8.61].

15. BULLDOZERS 15.22 vs CAVE: A dozer may eliminate a cave as per 15.21 [EXC: elimination of
an Upper-Cliff-cave (11.113) is NA], with the following changes to the procedure. Vs
15.1 TYPES: The game system includes three types of bulldozers (which are a cave in a non-Depression hex, the Clearance attempt may be declared (and made)
referred to collectively as dozers): unarmored, armored, and tankdozers. The only while the dozer is ADJACENT (11.6) to the cave in its Entrance Hex and has the
following both add new rules for dozers and summarize the existing rules for their cave within its VCA. If that cave and ADJACENT dozer are not at the same
use. elevation, the dozer must also be in Crest status (F5.42) when it declares—as well as
when it makes—its Clearance attempt; vehicle Crest status is permitted for Cave
15.11 UNARMORED: An unarmored bulldozer is a fully tracked, unarmed vehicle Clearance purposes even if the Depression is not a wadi. All of an eliminated cave's
with an Inherent Driver (and thus no CS#). Its weight is "9.5". It has a MP allotment contents, but no tunnel entrances/exits in its (or the dozer's) hex, are eliminated [EXC:
of "8" and Low Ground Pressure (and the Bog DRM for ground specified as "soft, Infantry (and their possessed SW/Guns) in an eliminated cave may survive if their
mud, or snow-covered" [D8.21] does not apply). Its minimum road cost is one MP owner can (and does) immediately move them into an Accessible cave/Cave-Complex
(i.e., it may not use the 1/2-MP road rate, as signified by "Road Rate NA" on the (note that a Gun cannot enter a cave directly from another cave; 11.76)].
counter); and it may not attempt ESB. It has no Passenger PP capacity, but may carry
one SMC (and the 2PP he possesses) as a Rider. Its Target Size is "0"; however, as 15.23 vs WIRE: A dozer may remove wire. However, if prior to making the Bog
signified by "+2 for HH" on the counter, a special +2 TH DRM applies to the DR its owner declared it to be dozing, it automatically eliminates the wire unless it
calculation of a Direct-Fire front-hull hit vs it unless the firer is at least one full level bogs.
higher than it (see also 15.13). in addition, as signified by "+2 vs non-ord DirF in
VCA" on the counter, it receives a +2 IFT DRM vs non-ordnance Direct Fire [EXC: 15.24 TRAILBREAKS: Any (even an unarmored) non-TI Mobile dozer may
FT; DC; MOL] attacks vs it which emanate from another hex within its VCA [EXC: create a TB and need not be declared to be dozing to do so.
this DRM is NA if the firer is at least one full level higher than the dozer]. The
Casualty VP value of an unarmored bulldozer is "2". 15.25 vs SINGLE-STORY HOUSE: Any non-TI Mobile dozer may attempt to
rubble a Single-Story House that contains no (other) friendly unit. It does so by
15.111 ATTACKS vs: Any Small-Arms/MG attack [EXC: one that also uses declaring the attempt and making a Minimum Move to enter (or change VCA in) the
MOL] IFT DR vs a non-Abandoned unarmored bulldozer which would result in that Single-Story House. Bog due to its entry/VCA-change can occur only on an Original
dozer's elimination kills its Inherent Driver (leaving the dozer Abandoned) instead, if Bog DR of 12. The Original Bog DR also serves as an Original Clearance DR, to
that DR's Original colored dr is ? 3. A "1" sniper dr attack vs an unarmored bulldozer which the only applicable DRM are the -5 for a dozer, any accumulated Labor Status,
kills its Inherent Driver instead of immobilizing it [EXC: if the dozer is already and a +3 if the Single-Story House is stone. If the Final Clearance DR is 2 and the
Abandoned, it is immobilized (and thus becomes a wreck; D8.1)]. See also 15.27. dozer remains Mobile after all Defensive First Fire vs it, the Single-Story House is
rubbled. Such rubbling has no effect on any occupant(s) of the Single-Story House. A
15.12 ARMORED: An armored non-tank bulldozer is an OT AFV with a weight of dozer is immune to falling into a cellar while attempting to rubble a Single-Story
"10" and a Casualty VP value of "4". Otherwise it is treated as per 15.11. Despite House.
being OT, an armored non-tank bulldozer cannot be CE or claim any CE benefit -as
signified by "BU" on the counter. 15.26 OVR: A Mobile non-tank bulldozer that is not TI may conduct an OVR in the
normal manner, using a total of two FP, and is considered to be dozing as it does so.
15.13 TANKDOZER: The only two tankdozers are the U.S. M4 Tankdozer and the A tankdozer may conduct the same type of OVR if it fires none of its armament as it
British Sherman Dozer(a); see U.S.Vehicle Note 18 and British Vehicle Note 23 does so. Dozing may be declared/conducted for more than one activity at a time only
respectively. A tankdozer may not fire [EXC: CC] during a Player Turn in which it if one of those activities is this type of OVR; and each such activity requires its own
wishes to doze, nor may it or its crew attempt to place smoke in that Player Turn Effects DR, implemented separately.
while dozing. The Casualty VP value of a tankdozer is one > its otherwise-applicable
value. 15.261 vs SANGAR: A non-tank bulldozer OVRs a sangar as per F8.41 as if it
were an AFV. 15.26 still applies.
15.2 CAPABILITES: A Mobile dozer may: Clear Flames, roadblocks and rubble
(with a -5 DRM; B24.7), and accumulate Labor Status DRM (B24.8); Breach bocage 15.27 CAPTURE: All non-tank bulldozers are treated as unarmed-and-unarmored
(B9.541); enter dense jungle or bamboo without using a road/TB, creating a TB as it vehicles for capture and captured-use purposes, and are re-manned. If no enemy
does so (2.21; 3.1); make a Bog DR for dense jungle or bamboo without the extra +2 Personnel are in a Location with a non-tank dozer, it may be captured automatically
DRM if dozing (2.211; 3.1); enter (thereby Collapsing) a hut without taking the by any Infantry unit in the same Location at the end of a CCPh. Dozing abilities are
Collapse PTC (5.4); Breach a Drained/In-Season paddy Bank hexside (8.8); enter a not affected by captured use [EXC: a tankdozer manned only by one SMC cannot
panji Location across one of that Panji counter's Covered hexsides without becoming declare dozing].
immobilized (9.42); change position from beneath a Panji counter to above it or vice-
versa (9.5); exit a panji Location across one of that Panji counter's Covered hexsides 15.3 DYO: Any side making the appropriate availability DR (H1.4) may purchase
from beneath that Panji counter (9.6); change a Covered hexside of a Panji counter to one unarmored bulldozer, the BPV of which is "20". The RF of an unarmored
a non-Covered hexside (9.73-.731); and Breach a low seawall (13.624). A dozer bulldozer is 1.6 pre-1940, 1.5 for 1940, and 1.4 [EXC: 1.5 for partisans, Chinese and
engaged in Clearance (inclusive of the entire time it is covered with a Labor Status Allied/Axis Minors] for 1941-45. However, the U.S./British side may deduct .1 for a
counter) is considered to be dozing. Dozer Labor Status remains in effect until the scenario set in 1943 and .2 for one set in 1944-45 [EXC: no deduction is made for a
declared Clearance attempt is successful, the dozer leaves its present Location, or it
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 BLOOD & SAND
scenario set in Burma]. Only the U.S./British side may purchase any armored non- personnel. The 6-6-8 represents the mid-war, and the 7-6-8 the late-war, U.S.M.C.
tank bulldozer(s), the BPV of which is "30". The British may do so (RF: 1.3) only for rifle squad. A Good Order 7-6-8 may Deploy freely during setup (i.e., the normal
a scenario that is set in/after 6/44 and is not vs Japanese/their-allies. The U.S. may do 10% limit does not apply), or in its RPh by passing a NMC, regardless (in both cases)
so only for a scenario that is set in/after 7/44; RF is 1.4 vs Japanese and 1.5 otherwise. of the presence of a leader.43 Contrary to, the broken-side Morale Level of U.S.M.C.
squads is not one > that on their Good Order side.
17.111 The 5-5-8, if given Assault Fire capability by SSR or by DYO purchase,
16. TROPICAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
represents the U.S.M.C. paratrooper (Paramarine) squad. If given Assault Fire and
Stealthy capabilities, the 5-5-8 represents the U.S.M.C. Raider squad.
16.1 TROPICAL SCENARIO: A Tropical scenario is defined as one in which
PTO Terrain is in effect. 17.12 HS: The 3-4-8 is the HS of both the 6-6-8 and 7-6-8 squad (since, due to their
usage dates, these squads will not appear together in a scenario; 17.15).
16.2 WEATHER: The following chart is used in lieu of the E3 Temperate Weather
17.13 CREWS & SMC: The 2-2-8 is the U.S.M.C. infantry-crew. U.S.M.C.
Chart to determine the weather of a Tropical DYO scenario.
vehicle-crews [EXC: LC crews; 12.112] and SMC are represented by the pertinent
U.S. Army counters, to which they are equivalent in all respects.
17.14 RE-ARMED: Regardless of the scenario date, any Unarmed U.S.M.C.
squad/HS that becomes re-armed is exchanged for a U.S.M.C. 4-5-8 squad or 2-4-8
HS respectively.
17.15 DYO: U.S.M.C. Personnel may appear only in scenarios vs the Japanese, and
are restricted to the following usage dates [EXC: 17.14 ]:

U.S.M.C. Personnel Type Usage Dates Counter

2-3-8 Infantry Crew 12/41-45

4-5-8 Defense Battalion Rifle Squad 5-11/42

12/41-43

5-5-8 BAR Squad 5-11/42

16.3 EC: The following chart is used to determine the EC of a Tropical DYO
scenario.
7-4-8 Paramarine/Raider squad 8/42-43

6-6-8 Rifle Squad 12/42-3/44

7-6-8 Rifle Squad 4/44-45

16.4 WIND: The following table is used in lieu of the Wind Force Table to
determine the initial Wind Force of a Tropical DYO scenario. 17.151 The following apply to the U.S.M.C. side for DYO purposes. The respective
overall ratio of U.S.M.C. 4-5-8 rifle squads to 5-5-8 BAR squads must be 3:1 at the
time of purchase. 4-5-8s may be purchased using a BPV of "13", in which case they
are considered Defense Battalion squads. 5-5-8s may be purchased using a BPV of
"14", in which case they are considered Paramarine squads; or using a BPV of "15",
in which case they are considered Raider squads. (The BPV of Defense Battalion,
Paramarine and Raider HS remain unchanged.) For SW allotment purposes the
Equivalency of Defense Battalion, and of Paramarine/Raider, squads must be
calculated separately from all other squad types in the U.S.OB—as indicated by their
separate SW Allotment Charts. The U.S.M.C. Rifle/BAR Squad SW Allotment Chart
allots FT and DC to 7-6-8 squads regardless of whether or not they are Assault
Engineers. The U.S.M.C. Leadership Generation factor is "4.5".
16.41 DIRECTION: Players designing DYO scenarios using any OCEAN 17.152 LVT: If the U.S. side is making a Seaborne Assault (14.1) and the Majority
overlay(s) treated as Ocean might wish to note that the wind (if any) generally tends Squad Type (E.4) of its OB is U.S.M.C., it may add to its OB as many
to blow from offshore during the day and from inland at night. LVT2/LVT(A)2/LVT4 as it wishes (assuming that, as per the scenario date and the
17. THE U.S. MARINE CORPS & EARLY U.S. ARMY H1.4 availability DR, they are available for use), and pays no purchase points for
them. However, see also 14.21.
17.1 U.S. MARINE CORPS: U.S. Marine MMC are Elite, normally have an ELR
of 5 and do not Disrupt. Neither Heat of Battle nor ELR Replacement can transform a 17.2 EARLY U.S. ARMY: in U.S.-vs-Japanese
U.S.M.C. MMC into a U.S. Army MMC or vice-versa (hence a U.S.M.C. squad scenarios set prior to 6/42, U.S. elite 6-6-7 Army squads
whose ELR is 4 still becomes its two broken HS if it fails a MC by > its ELR). (and their HS in GIA) are used for regular U.S. Army
forces (including Philippine Scouts) and U.S. 4-4-7/3-3-6
17.11 SQUADS: The 4-5-8 and 5-5-8 represent the early-war U.S.M.C. rifle and squads (and their HS in GIA) are used for Philippine Army (P.A.) troops. For rules
BAR squad respectively. The 4-5-8 also represents Marine Defense Battalion purposes, P.A. Personnel are considered U.S. Army units; however, neither Heat of
Rough Draft 31 100920
 BLOOD & SAND
Battle nor ELR Replacement can transform a P.A. MMC into a non-P.A. U.S. MMC
or vice-versa (hence a P.A. 4-4-7, or its HS, that Battle Hardens becomes Fanatic).
This restriction applies even in early-war scenarios in which P.A. Personnel counters Crews:
are actually being used to represent rear-echelon/badly-disorganized U.S. Army (as
opposed to P.A.) troops. GIA Squads, Half-Squads, and Crews:
17.3 INHERENT CREWS: in scenarios vs Japanese, U.S. Inherent AFV crews
have a Morale Level of 8 and U.S. Inherent non-AFV crews have a Morale Level of
7. in all other scenarios, the Morale Level of U.S. Inherent crews is 7 and 6 SQ: Crews:
respectively. [EXC to all: LC Inherent crews; 12.11]
17.4 NAPALM: Napalm44 (in lieu of HE) bombs may be used by U.S. FB if both of
the following conditions are met:
HS:
• The scenario is vs Japanese and set in/after 7/44 (or is vs Germans and set
in/after 8/44); and 18.2 G.M.D.: Shown above is the G.M.D. MMC. A 3-3-7 may Battle Harden to a
5-3-7 (or a 1-2-7 HS to a 2-3-7 HS) only if 5-3-7s form the Majority Squad Type of
• After determining that the FB is/are armed with bombs, the U.S. player the G.M.D. OB that is currently in play. G.M.D. Personnel cannot Deploy, are always
makes a Napalm Availability Secret Final dr of ≤ 1 (a -2 drm applies if the Lax at night, have a "0" Heat of Battle DRM, and receive an extra +1 drm for Leader
scenario is vs Japanese). One dr determines the type of bombs for all of Creation purposes. Non-elite (not just Inexperienced) G.M.D. Chinese must pass a
that side's FB [EXC: if the SSR specifies that the FB is/are carrying HE 1PAAMC rather than a normal PAAMC.
(only) bombs, the Napalm Availability dr is NA].
18.21 SMOKE: 5-3-7 squads may attempt WP placement.
17.41 EFFECTS: Napalm bombs are treated the same as HE bombs for TH
purposes [EXC: napalm always receives an extra -1 TH DRM, and Target size TH Red (Communist) Chinese Leaders:
DRM do not apply; napalm cannot achieve a CH]. A hit by napalm is treated as an
attack by a 24-FP FT except as stated otherwise. Napalm FP is not halved by
HIP/concealment or Long Range, but is halved if the attack used the Area Target
Type. A napalm attack vs a cave can also attack other caves Accessible (11.6) to it, as
per 11.834; see also 11.86. Napalm neither causes Air Bursts nor leaves Residual FP. Red Chinese Squads:
A napalm hit is resolved as a single attack vs all in-LOS targets (both friendly and
enemy) in the hex, using one Effects DR [EXC: napalm has no effect on any
unit/SW/Gun that is in shallow/deep water other than a non-flooded stream]. Despite
the fact that napalm normally creates smoke (see below), it may be used after another GIA: <> COD:
weapon has fired non-SMOKE ammunition in that same phase. An Original K/KIA 18.3 RED: Red Chinese squads, HS and SMC use Partisan counters while their
napalm attack result does not cause a Flame. However, any hit by napalm [EXC: one crews use Russian crew counters and can be identified by the ‘R’ on the counter or by
that occurs in shallow/deep water other than a non-flooded stream] results in the the blue outline around the inside of the counter. All Red Chinese are considered
immediate placement of a Blaze counter at the Base Level of the target hex (or Partisans for all purposes, and are immune to Cowering.
Entrance Hex, vs a cave; see 11.86), even if that hex is not Burnable Terrain, and the
simultaneous placement of a white +3 Smoke counter (which represents the smoke
from that Blaze)directly beneath that Blaze—even if Gusts/Heavy-
Winds/Rain/Mud/Deep-Snow are in effect. All Blaze/Smoke rules apply in the normal
manner except as stated otherwise. When that Smoke counter is removed from the 10
board, that napalm Blaze counter is removed as well if it is in non-Burnable Terrain; 18.31 COMMISSARS: Red (only) Chinese may use Commissars just like /42
if it is in Burnable Terrain, the player who placed it must at that time make a Kindling Russians. However, if a Commissar fails to rally a Red Chinese unit, the latter is not
DR, and if the Final DR is that terrain's Kindling number that napalm Blaze Replaced/eliminated—it simply remains broken [EXC: Fate].
instantly becomes a Terrain Blaze. If Heavy-Winds/Rain are in (or come into) effect,
the Smoke counter that accompanies a napalm Blaze is considered to exist only for
the purpose of determining when that Blaze will be removed or transformed into a
terrain Blaze; however, Gusts/Mud/Deep-Snow have no effect on napalm smoke.
When the napalm Smoke counter is removed from the board, a separate Random
SW Destruction dr is made on the IFT's 12 FP column for each non-subterranean
SW/Gun still in the hex that contained the napalm Blaze. A +1 drm applies to a
SW/Gun in a pillbox. A napalm Blaze itself does not affect any Fortification or cause
18.4 EQUIPMENT: All Chinese units may use Chinese SW, Guns and vehicles.
a vehicle/wreck to be removed from play.
Neither Red nor G.M.D. Chinese treat Chinese SW/Guns as Captured, even if one
17.42 BRITISH/CHINESE: British FB may use napalm as if they were U.S., but side captures them from the other during play. Each SW Scrounged/Removed from a
availability vs Japanese is limited to 1945, and vs Germans is limited to Italy and 4- Chinese vehicle is represented by the appropriate Chinese SW.
5
/45. Only U.S., British, and G.M.D. Chinese FB may use napalm.
18.41 ORDNANCE: Chinese ordnance [EXC: non-Captured ATR and Baz] uses
17.5 MTR OBA: Regardless of whether the U.S. player is using Army/Marine red TH numbers.
troops, he may not exchange 60mm mortars for OBA (U.S. Ordnance Note 1) if every
hex along his only Friendly Board Edge is an OCEAN (13.12) hex, nor if any of those 18.42 OBA: Chinese OBA is determined randomly as normal except there is a –1
drm to the size of the Artillery module. However, if the original Majority Squad Type
mortars enter as reinforcements [EXC: if all three mortars enter on the same turn and
of the full Chinese OB is 5-3-7, its OBA is assumed to have Plentiful Ammunition; if
non-OCEAN edge of the playing area, they may be exchanged at the start of that
Player Turn]. that Majority Squad Type is of 3-3-7 or 3-3-6 variety, it is assumed to have Scarce
Ammunition [EXC: for DYO see 18.82].
18. THE CHINESE
18.421 RADIO: The Contact number of a Chinese radio is "8" if the original
18.1 Chinese troops are of two distinct types: Nationalist ("G.M.D.") and Majority Squad Type of the full Chinese OB is 5-3-7, "7" if that Majority Squad Type
Communist ("Red"). Chinese counters [EXC: Red Chinese Personnel; 18.3] have a is 4-4-7, or "6" otherwise.
unique orange background color45.
18.43 TEMPORARY CREW: A Chinese HS, or infantry-crew, being used as a
The term "Chinese", when not preceded by "G.M.D." or "Red", refers to both types Temporary Crew receives a +2 drm to its TH DR’s.
collectively.
18.44 VP: A Gun, dm 76-82mm MTR, or vehicle, of the Chinese side which is
Leaders (Nationalists): Captured by the opponent has its regular VP value quadrupled (instead of doubled) at
the end of play.46
EX: A captured, functioning Chinese Gun held by the Japanese at scenario end is
worth 8 (instead of the normal 4) VP.

COD Squads & Crews: 18.5 HUMAN WAVE: Chinese may make Human Wave attacks same as Russians.

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18.6 DARE-DEATH SQUADS: During his pregame setup the Chinese player may for each separate qualifying MF/MP expenditure (not for each such MF/MP
predesignate 10% (FRU) of the squads (only) in his scenario OB as Dare-Death expended), and is made before Defensive Fire is conducted. The only possible drm is
Squads47 by secretly recording their IDs on paper [EXC: no 5-3-7 may be so a -4, which applies if during the current Player Turn the unit/stack entered the hex
designated]. Each armed, Good Order Infantry Dare-Death Squad (or its surviving using (or is Searching "across" a hexside that contains) a road or a path that was not
HS) that at the start of its MPh is in/ADJACENT-to a Location containing an created during play. If the Final dr is the number of trip flares currently in that
unpinned, Good Order, friendly Personnel leader, and that is within eight MF of an Location, a trip flare has been set off and a Trip Flare counter is placed therein.
enemy ground unit to which it and that leader have a LOS, may at that time go
49.91 EFFECTS: A Trip Flare counter Illuminates the ground-level Location of its
berserk voluntarily [EXC: it cannot thusly go berserk if it/that-leader is marked with a
own hex and all Accessible ground-level Locations, including all pillboxes in those
Prep/Bounding/Pin/TI counter, nor if any marsh/swamp/cliff/unbridged-Water-
hexes [EXC: if placed in a Depression, it can Illuminate in an Accessible Depression
Obstacle would prevent it from reaching that enemy unit's hex during that MPh, nor if
hex only if those two hexes share a Depression hexside]. Each Trip Flare counter
that enemy unit is in an OCEAN Location]. The berserk MMC must then charge that
placed onboard during the MPh is placed with its red-on-white side face-up, and is
enemy unit (now considered its Designated Target) and attempt to enter its Location.
removed at the end of that Player Turn's CCPh after the placement of "?"; each placed
The leader (and/or any other Good Order friendly leader stacked with that berserk
during a RtPh/APh/CCPh is placed with its purple-on-white side face-up, and is
MMC) may (but need not) go berserk at the same time, provided each such leader is
removed at the end of the next Player Turn's AFPh . The MF/MP expenditure that sets
Infantry to whom none of the conditions given in the above EXC apply; each who
off a trip flare is considered to have been made in an Illuminated Location. A set-off
does go thusly berserk must charge that same enemy unit. Infantry that voluntarily go
trip flare is equivalent to a fired starshell.
berserk automatically return to normal at the end of that Player Turn [EXC: if in
Melee at that time, they remain berserk until no longer in Melee]. Use a red-on-white 49.92 ELIMINATION: Once a trip flare has been set off, the number of them
Berserk counter to indicate a unit that has gone berserk voluntarily. A leader, whether remaining in that hex is reduced by one (or by two if the flare was set off by a vehicle
created from a Dare-Death MMC or not, cannot go berserk voluntarily except as and the -4 drm applied). All trip flares in the hex are eliminated by an Original KIA
stated above. However, when a Dare-Death MMC does go berserk voluntarily, any DR caused by a HE FFE Concentration; an Original K DR by such an attack
hero(es) stacked with it (and allowed to move) may accompany it during that MPh; in eliminates one trip flare in that hex. Vs Bombardment, trip flares have a morale of 7
that MPh, each such hero is assumed to have eight MF [EXC: three MF if wounded] and must take a NMC; one trip flare in the Bombarded hex is eliminated for every
and may enter the Designated Target's Location—but may not move in the subsequent multiple of one by which that MC is failed. Elimination by FFE/Bombardment does
APh. not cause trip flare Illumination.
18.61 HUMAN WAVE: No unit that voluntarily goes berserk (or accompanies it as 49.93 SEARCH: A Search vs a hex reveals the presence, but not the number, of trip
per 18.6) may also be used to form a Human Wave in that Player Turn, or vice-versa. flares therein. in addition, when a hex that contains a trip flare is Searched (49.931), a
separate trip flare dr is made for that hex as if the Searcher were entering it (49.9), but
18.62 CC: Dare-Death MMC enters into and resolves Hand-to-Hand CC as if they
ignoring the presence of all entrenchments, TB and paths.
were Japanese. in addition, each non-Hand-to-Hand CC-vs-Personnel attack in which
one Dare-Death MMC participates receives an extra -1 DRM. These attributes apply 49.931 SEARCHING: As each Good Order Infantry/Cavalry MMC, or moving
even for a Dare-Death MMC that went berserk involuntarily—or even if it is not stack that contains ≥ one MMC, ends its move it may attempt to reveal concealed trip
berserk (but is unbroken). flares in Accessible hexes (including its own) by expending one additional MF in its
present hex and making a Search dr, provided that all units making the attempt are
18.7 NO QUARTER/PRISONERS: in Chinese-vs-Japanese scenarios set in/after
neither Pinned nor using Assault Movement. Regardless of the outcome, that unit or
1938, a No Quarter rule is always in effect for both sides and Prisoners cannot be
moving stack is TI for the remainder of that Player Turn. The Final dr indicates the
taken by either side.
number of Accessible hexes other than its own of the ATTACKER's choice which the
18.71 INTERROGATION: For Interrogation purposes, G.M.D. Personnel are unit/stack may not Search. Such hexes may include those which the ATTACKER
always considered to be in a "neutral" country while Red Chinese are always knows contain no hidden trip flares (such as Open Ground or a just-traversed hex).
considered in a "friendly" country. This dr is modified as follows:
18.8 DYO: Purchasing both Red and G.M.D. Chinese for scenario vs the Japanese -1 Per Stealthy Searching unit
is NA. The presence of one 5-3-7 squad in the Chinese OB precludes the purchase of
-1 Per HS equivalent > one HS Searching
another Chinese squad type for that scenario, and vice-versa. 5-3-7 squad(s) may be
purchased only for scenarios set in 11/43-3/45 in Burma (see also 18.81).48 Red +x Leadership factor of best participating leader
Chinese may not be purchased for a scenario set in Burma. The BPV of Red Chinese
squads and HS is one > their Partisan BPV; that of their crews is one > their Russian +1 Per Lax or CX Searching unit (per each condition)
BPV. The G.M.D. Leadership Generation factor is "8" [EXC: "6" if the G.M.D. All Searched hexes (including all above-ground Locations in those hexes)
Majority Squad Type is 5-3-7]. automatically reveal their contents, including the presence of minefields (but not their
18.81 BURMA: Prior to making purchases for a G.M.D.-vs-Japanese scenario set type and strength) and Fortified Buildings. All enemy concealed units revealed lose
in 3-5/42 or 11/43-3/45, make a dr. If that Original dr is 3 the scenario is their "?" (or if hidden are placed on board with a "?").
considered set in Burma. Otherwise it is set in China. FOOTNOTES
18.82 OBA: The Chinese player may purchase neither Bombardment nor Barrage
(Red Chinese cannot use OBA at all). The Scarce- or Plentiful-Ammunition status of 1. AMBUSH: It was impossible to move through such terrain without making noise;
G.M.D. OBA (18.42) is based on the current Majority Squad Type of its OB at the hence the defenders were less likely to be caught off guard by approaching enemy
time of that battery's purchase. troops.

18.83 AIR SUPPORT: The G.M.D. player may purchase Observation Planes only 2. RADIOS: The damp climate had a deleterious effect on voice radio sets. Moisture
for OBA of 100mm, and only for scenarios set in 1944-45. The Red Chinese player and corrosion affected circuits and metal contacts, altered frequencies, and
may not purchase Air Support. occasionally knocked out sets completely. Moreover, the heavy jungle itself would
block the waves transmitted by some of the less powerful radios.
18.831 NAPALM: G.M.D. FB may use napalm as if they were U.S. (17.4) [EXC:
3. TRIP FLARES: Since the light of starshells and IR often would not penetrate the
availability is limited to 7/44-45 in Burma and 4-8/45 in China (see 18.81)].
canopy of foliage in the jungle, trip flares were sometimes used to detect enemy
ADDENDUM movement. These flares were actually incendiary grenades and incendiary
instructional bombs, with trip wires attached.
49 NIGHT
4. THE JAPANESE: The rationale behind most of the rules for the Japanese should
(ADD) 49.9 TRIP FLARES: During setup for a 1944-45 PTO night scenario be self-evident. Moreover, much has been written about the "fanatical"
involving a U.S. Scenario Defender, the U.S. player may assign a number of trip characteristics of the Japanese fighting man in WW2, so there is no need to go into
flares (up to the number available in his OB) to any jungle/bamboo/wire/panji detail in it here. Suffice it to say that his incredible courage in the face of even
Locations.3 He does this by secretly recording the grid coordinate of each such hex certain death and his willingness to die rather than be taken alive were based on
and the number of trip flares set up therein. Each time any, even a friendly, non- three main factors: having been raised in a highly regimented society with little
Dummy ground unit/stack enters, expends additional MF/MP in or Searches (49.93), regard for the individual; the iron discipline enforced in the military; and Bushido,
a Location that currently contains any trip flare(s), the player owning the trip flare(s) the code of the Samurai. Bushido stressed unquestioning bravery and loyalty, the
immediately makes a dr (∆) [EXC: no dr is made if the unit/stack is entering (or unimportance of the individual, that failure in battle demanded death, and that
entering the Location via) a trench/pillbox/subterranean passage, or is entering the capture by the enemy was unthinkable. Together all these produced what some have
Location via a path/TB created during play, or if the MF/MP expenditure is made for called the best infantry in history.
Delay or placing SMOKE; for Panjis see also 9.121]. During the MPh, one dr is made It's also interesting to note that the pre-war Japanese Army viewed the Soviet Union
Rough Draft 33 100920
 BLOOD & SAND
as its main potential foe, and its organization and tactics were designed primarily for training in hand-to-hand combat—training that was both physical and mental
a war along the Soviet-Manchurian frontier. (Contrary to popular belief fostered ("spiritual", as they called the latter). In view of this and the fact that normal CC
largely by Allied propaganda, the Japanese did not spend the 1930s training for mechanics would often actually discourage the Japanese player from aggressively
jungle warfare.) Aware that Soviet manpower vastly outnumbered their own, the seeking out CC opportunities (especially vs American squads with their higher FP),
Japanese devised tactics that would provide maximum advantage for their smaller it was decided to make their CC hand-to-hand and to give them an extra - 1 DRM.
army, such as utilizing night attacks whenever possible in order to minimize These act as game incentives to recreate their historical tactics.
casualties; the maximum use of deception, speed, surprise and infiltration to put and
12. DENSE-JUNGLE ENTRY: To "realistically" portray the difficulties of
keep the enemy off balance; and great emphasis on sniping, which can enable one
movement through dense jungle would require the use of Minimum Move for each
man to pin down many times his own number (in theory each Japanese squad
such hex entered (or two MF if using a path). The excitement level of scenarios
contained two or three snipers and even LMG were used for sniping, some being
using this MF cost would be dreadful, to say the least, and would be little improved
equipped with scopes for that purpose). On the other hand, and counterproductive to
even if the cost of dense jungle were changed to three or four MF. Therefore, woods
the principle of force preservation, was the obsession with the perceived advantage
entry costs have been retained, solely for the sake of playability.
of attacking at all times (even when a defensive posture was obviously more
prudent) and the conviction that the ultimate aim of an attack was to overwhelm the 13. MORTARS in DENSE JUNGLE: The thick foliage canopy of dense jungle
enemy in hand-to-hand combat. These notions caused the Japanese tremendous generally prevented the use of indirect fire by guns beneath it, because the
numbers of unnecessary casualties, and only late in the war did they finally accept projectiles could detonate if they hit even a few leaves.
the fact that Allied firepower had bankrupted such tactics.
14. EC & BAMBOO: Bamboo stores a large amount of water in its hollow stems
5. SMC: The rationale behind having Japanese leaders wound rather than break is during the wet season but when the water has been exhausted in the dry season the
twofold. First, and most obviously, it would seem quite uncharacteristic (and plant becomes extremely flammable.
ahistorical) to have the inheritors of the Samurai tradition flee (i.e., rout) from the
15. PALM TREES: Palm trees, while much taller than the fruit trees normally found
enemy. It's hard to imagine an Imperial officer casually submitting to such a
in orchard have significantly less foliage. Moreover, the fronds are concentrated at
horrendous loss of face. Second, the Japanese officer's code of conduct and
the very top of the trunk, thus providing less of a hindrance to sight. For this reason,
distinctive sword made him an obvious target; in fact, Allied troops—especially
and for the sake of simplicity, the one-level height of orchards has been retained.
snipers—were often instructed to fire on them whenever possible. Hence, Japanese
leaders should tend to be eliminated from play more quickly than those of other 16. COLLAPSE PTC: The Collapse PTC represents the chance of falling debris
nationalities. temporarily distracting, blocking the view of, and/or physically pinning down the
occupants of the hut. in both cases normal morale and leader modifications do not
6. ARMOR LEADERS: in most armies, AFV crews were considered highly trained
apply on the assumption that the units involved cannot control or influence the
specialists too valuable to squander as infantry, and were often under standing orders
effects of the collapse. When an Inherent crew fails a Collapse PTC it is assumed
to move to the rear if their vehicle was rendered hors de combat. To the Japanese,
that debris has blocked the driver's vision (and, in the case of an OT AFV, has
however, infantry combat reigned supreme, and dismounted crews were expected to
cluttered up its interior); hence the vehicle has to stop and the crew must relinquish
continue fighting on foot. Hence an unsaddled Japanese tank officer would not
some degree of cover as they hastily clear it away.
hesitate to carry on as an infantry leader.
17. HUTS & FORTIFICATIONS: Since wire and Panjis cannot be created or moved
7. T-H HEROES: The Japanese employed specially trained tank-hunter troops to
during play, they obviously can appear in a collapsed hut Location only if the hut
augment their infantry's poor anti-tank cabilities. These men, sometimes referred to
was already collapsed at the start of play (i.e., by SSR).
as "human bullets" and often organized into teams found mainly in rifle companies
and regimental engineer units came to be used quite extensively. Their role was to 18. KUNAI: This is a type of tall (5-7 ft. high), coarse grass found in SE Asia and
ambush or close-assault enemy AFV, using MOL, mines, DC, and various other nearby regions. Generally speaking it is quite common in that part of the world,
weapons that became available as the war went on. However, even if weaponless often being found in jungle "clearings" and sometimes covering broad expanses of
they were to attack in an attempt to immobilize the AFV by any means possible, otherwise-open ground. The edges of its leaves are sharp and can cause lacerations.
including the use of mud to cover the AFV's vision devices and jamming the tracks Kunai also collectively represents other similar types of growth such as elephant
by inserting stout poles into the running gear. grass.
8. ATMM: Unlike the German ATMM which utilized the shaped-charge (HEAT) 19. PADDY TYPES: A Drained paddy is one that is currently uncultivated; it is not
principle to make it quite lethal, the Japanese version contained a relatively small filled with water and has no rice growing in it. "Dry" would perhaps be a more
amount of explosive and was not a HEAT-type weapon. It was more like a mini-DC, appropriate term for this type were it not for the fact that calling a paddy "dry but
and was fairly ineffective against any but light (i.e., thinly armored) AFV. For game muddy" would sound a bit odd. An Irrigated paddy is one that is flooded with
purposes a successful ATMM dr does not necessarily mean the T-H Hero is actually several inches of water; any rice growing in it is not yet tall enough to affect LOS.
using an ATMM; rather, it abstractly represents his possessing any weapon that An In-Season paddy refers to one in which the rice plants are at their mature height.
offers a better chance of knocking out that particular type of AFV. Depending on the It should be noted that the rice-paddy depictions and rules are highly abstracted. For
type of AFV, this could be an ATMM, a MOL, an A-T mine, a "lunge-mine" (a example, the banks shown on the overlays are just tools for LOS and movement
powerful shaped-charge on the end of a long wooden pole), a hand-thrown shaped- rules; the actual paddy bank are assumed to be anywhere within the area represented
charge grenade, or any of the various large satchel/box charges developed by the by the paddy hex (which is why units on a Bank counter are not defined as being on
Japanese for the human A-T role. The dr is treated as an ATMM dr strictly for any specific bank/hexside). Each hex should be visualized as generally containing
simplicity, there being no real need for the rules to differentiate between the various more than one separate paddy, and thus a corresponding number of different banks.
types of weapons available to tank-hunters at any given time.
20. PANJIS: Panjis are split bamboo stakes about two feet long, sharpened and
9. T-H HERO LOSS: Needless to say, the casualty rate among tank-hunters was driven into the ground to an angle of 45 degrees facing in the same direction. They
extremely high. in many cases they were not meant to die as a result of carrying out were usually implanted to form a dense belt of stakes perhaps five feet in width. The
their assigned task, but some of their weapons by their very nature did cause death to function of a panji belt was akin to that of wire to channel or impede movement.
the user. Too, T-H Heroes are abruptly removed from play for simplicity, since While wire was a more effective impediment, it was often unavailable. Moreover,
leaving them onboard indefinitely would require a further host of special rules and panji were more dangerous to cross, especially when hidden in the undergrowth.
would be ahistorical given their special role and the "one-shot" weapons they used.
21. ABOVE/BENEATH PANJI COUNTER: A unit above the Panji counter is
10. A-T SET DC: This represent the late-war use of various items such as large- considered to be within the panji belt, while one beneath it is "behind" or "past" the
caliber artillery shells, aerial bombs, naval mines and torpedoes, and even drums of belt and free of its impediments. Hence the one MF/MP cost of going from above to
gasoline, which were buried in roadways as part of the increasingly desperate beneath the Panji counter (or vice-versa) usually represents the extra time and
attempt by the Japanese to stem the onslaught of Allied armor. They were usually difficulty involved in negotiating the belt.
detonated by remote control. Occasionally, bombs were placed in foxholes along
22. JAPANESE CAVES: While it is true that other nationalities utilized cave
with a volunteer who was to set off the bomb by striking its fuze with a rock or
positions on occasion, the Japanese used them far more extensively than anyone
hammer as an enemy AFV passed overhead, but this method achieved little success
else. Allowing any side in a DYO scenario to purchase caves would only lead to
and hence is not represented in the game. The use of A-T Set DC vs Russians is not
their abuse due to their formidableness in the defense. Of course, a SSR in a printed
allowed on the assumption that the Soviet blitzkrieg, with its tank columns
scenario card always allow caves to be used by another nationality, should it be
advancing sixty miles a day in some cases, simply moved too rapidly to allow the
necessary for historical accuracy.
Japanese time to organize much in the way of set defenses.
23. HIDDEN ACTIONS: The way caves and cave complexes are treated in game
11. HAND-TO-HAND CC: The Japanese soldier was taught to view his "righteous
terms requires that much of what the Japanese player does with his subterranean
bayonet" as his own Samurai sword, and that the ultimate goal of all combat was to
units will not be verifiable by the opponent. This is unfortunate as it can enable an
engage his enemy in hand-to-hand fighting. He generally received a great deal of
unscrupulous player to cheat, but it is ardently hoped that in the interest of fair play
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 BLOOD & SAND
the Honor System will be faithfully adhered to. Should the Allied player wish to only one SFCP or observation plane, so could remain "available" to its observer.
have a verifiable record of hidden Japanese actions, the following option is However, the time interval involved in responding to a fire mission request could
suggested. Whenever a Japanese unit conducts an activity while hidden, or becomes occasionally be significant (in game terms) as the ship repositioned itself, turned to
hidden as it changes Location, its owner records that unit and action on a sheet of unmask turrets or dealt with other strictly naval concerns.
paper (using a separate sheet for each Player Turn). At the end of that Player Turn he
39. NOBA BLAST AREA: The relatively flat trajectory of naval guns plus the
hands the sheet in a sealed envelope marked with the Player Turn number, to his
residual effects of the ship's roll (even after gyrostabilization) combined to make the
opponent. At game end the envelopes may be opened and all actions verified.
Blast Are of NOBA elongated in comparison to that of field artillery, but with an
24. MORTAR FIRE FROM CAVES: Most mortars used an elevation of 45° when effective decrease in lethality at the extreme ends of the elongation due to the lower
firing at maximum range, and had to increase elevation (/reduce the number of mean number of shells impacting at those points. (The technical term for this is
propellant increments) to fire at shorter ranges. The Japanese light mortar, however, "range bias".)
used the same 45° setting regardless of the desired range, and thus could be
40. REVERSE SLOPES: The high velocity and relatively low elevation limits of
positioned a short way into a cave and still be able to fire at all ranges.
naval guns give their shells a low, flat trajectory compared to the howitzer used by
25. CLIMBING ALONG NON-CLIFF HEXSIDE: This rule attempts to re-create the field artillery. While the latter can often lob shells onto the far side of a hill (indeed
tactic of approaching a cave from above on the hillside, then using a rope to lower a they are designed specifically to have this capability), naval guns cannot.
demo charge to the cave's mouth.
41. NOBA IR: Ships with guns of 150mm almost always carried other armament
26. REVEALING CAVES WITH WP: The Americans found that WP grenades/shells capable of firing IR. Hence such a ship could fire an IR even in the midst of
bursting inside a cave were useful in revealing other higher-level openings, since conducting some other fire mission.
WP's hot smoke naturally tends to rise.
42. SHIPBOARD OBSERVER: in lieu of using land-based or aircraft observers,
27. STUN VCA CHANGE: The Stun result is assumed to occur vs the LC's pilot and ships could provide fire support if their fire-control directors, which were equipped
the VCA change represents the LC circling aimlessly until his position is re-manned. with very powerful optical range-finding equipment, had a LOS to a target. The
ship's fire-control "computers" were designed to take pointing and range information
28. OVERLAY SETUP: Prior to setting up the Beach and OCEAN overlays players
from the directors, combine it with ballistic data and the ship's course and speed, and
may wish to butt some unused board (perhaps upside-down) against the playing area
rapidly yield a fire-control solution which pointed and elevated the ship's main
so that the overlays will lie on top of it.
battery to engage the target. However, ship captains not in touch with an observer
29. EFFLUENT: The water in an Effluent hex is considered too shallow to cause were very reluctant to fire until sure they were actually engaging the enemy and not
any significant water-type game effect. a friendly force.
30. WADING: Some might question the necessity of rules for Wading when the 43. U.S.M.C. SQUAD TYPES: Although more than half of the men in the early-war
Fording rules already exist. Suffice it to say that the penalties and restrictions of Marine rifle and BAR squad were authorized the M1 Garand semi-automatic rifle
Fording (specifically, being allowed to move only one hex per Game Turn while they were in fact equipped with the old bolt-action Springfield '03. This, plus the
continuously subject to Hazardous Movement) were found to be too severe in this fact that the squad contained only 8-9 Marines, explains its relatively low FP in the
application, and would have made a Tarawa-type landing impossible to re-create. A game. The mid-war rifle squad contained twelve men and the authorized
Wading unit is—as the term implies—one whose feet/wheels/tracks are actually complement of Garands. The late-war rifle squad was designed to break down into
touching bottom in the shallow water. three four-man fire teams and the squad leader; however, to have allowed the 7-6-8
to Deploy into three HS would have required more special rules and exceptions than
31. OCEAN LOS & ACQUISITION: These rules reflect the fact that in real life the
the capability would be worth in game terms, so the idea of Deploying without a
assaulting craft did not appear "from offboard" (i.e., out of nowhere), and most
leader was adopted to reflect in a direct but simple manner the squad's tactical
likely were being observed and taken under fire at a distance > that represented by
flexibility.
an OCEAN overlay. The DD tank is an exception because in deep water its raised
screen hid its true identity, and made it so innocuous-looking that it drew little 44. NAPALM: The original type of napalm consisted of aviation fuel mixed with a
enemy fire. thickening agent to provide a form of jellied gasoline. It was generally carried by
aircraft in auxiliary fuel tanks, and ignited by incendiary grenades or small
32. SEAWALLS: Seawalls are built to prevent erosion of the coastline. Generally
incendiary bombs attached to the tanks. Over two-thirds of the napalm used by the
they do not rise above ground level on the landward side, which is why the special
U.S. Army Air Force during WW2 was dropped in the Pacific theater. While at the
rules for movement, LOS and TEM are necessary.
time it was believed to be a devastating weapon (both physically and
33. SAN: The increased SAN of the side making the assault landing represents psychologically) vs enemy personnel, later tests revealed that it was not really as
gunfire from other landing craft such as LCP, LCG, LCI(G) and LCS, which in effective as had been thought. Nor did it even approach the effectiveness of Napalm-
general carried a number of 20mm/40mm automatic weapons (plus, in some cases, B, its postwar replacement.
guns of 76mm or rockets). These craft were used to provide direct fire support from
45. G.M.D. CHINESE: "G.M.D." stands for Guomindang (aka Kuomintang [KMT]
close-in offshore until the initial wave of LC/LVT touched down. They generally
and pronounced "gwo-min-dong"), the Nationalist Party of Generalissimo Jiang Kai-
remained farther offshore than the distance represented by an OCEAN overlay, so
shek. The 5-3-7 represents the U.S. trained-and-equipped personnel of X-Force and
their contribution to the assault has been abstracted.
Y-Force, which fought in Burma and China in the latter part of me war. The 4-4-7
34. TETRAHEDRONS: Tetrahedrons (aka "hedgehogs") were logs or steel beams represents normal elite Chinese troops—"elite" here meaning reasonably well
lashed/bolted/welded together at angles to each other, and set up in shallow water to trained, equipped and led. Known as "The Generalissimo's Own" and personally
puncture the hull of LC (or at least impede their landing). Often, a contact mine was loyal to him, many of these units were squandered—against the better judgment of
attached at the top to make them more lethal. The game piece also generically Jiang's German advisors—in and around Shanghai and Nanjing (Nanking) in 1937.
represents other beach obstacles of similar function (e g, cribs, which are large boxes Other divisions of this elite force were held in reserve to keep watch on the
made of logs/wire and filled with stones/cement). Communists, and only occasionally saw action against the Japanese. The 3-3-7 and
3-3-6 MMC represent the mass of China's eventual 300+ divisions (which averaged
35. NAVAL OBA: Naval gunfire was crucial to the success of a number of
only about 6,000 men apiece, including numerous coolies). These, comprised largely
amphibious operations during WW2. The greatest effectiveness was achieved by the
of forcibly conscripted peasants and controlled by provincial governors, bore the
U.S. and Royal Navies which, through the development of shore fire-control parties,
brunt of the war with Japan. The vast majority (about 90% of the Nationalist
were able to bring even battleships and heavy cruisers to the support of the
divisions) were poorly trained and under equipped, suffered from a dearth of good
infantryman. A ship providing naval indirect fire required a CIC (Combat
leadership, an almost total lack of medical facilities and a high incidence of
Information Center) to plot its own position continuously, convey that position to
malnutrition. Nevertheless, the Bing (Chinese equivalent to "GI") fought on in
military grid coordinates, and calculate (by hand) the required trajectory and fire-
defense of his home and land, occasionally inflicting surprising defeat on the often
control data for the ship's guns in response to gunfire support requests from onshore
overconfident and rigid-thinking—and always outnumbered—Japanese.
(or from a spotter aircraft).
46. VEHICLE/GUN VP: With ordnance and equipment so scarce, their capture by
36. SHORE FIRE-CONTROL PARTIES: Only the U.S. and Royal Navies were able
the enemy resulted in a tremendous loss of face for the person(s) responsible. in
to develop, train and equip special land based forward observer teams for naval
addition, since only the best divisions and armies possessed quantities of field
indirect fire.
artillery (which was one reason they were the best), losing any of it caused me
37. SFCP RADIO: The HF (High Frequency—as opposed to UHF or VHF) radio commanding general (who effectively "owned" everyone and everything under his
used by a SFCP required a generator (instead of batteries) for power. in addition it command) to forfeit a proportionate amount of political prestige and power.
needed to be grounded to earth, further decreasing its mobility.
47. DARE-DEATH SQUADS: Generally speaking, a marked aversion to offensive
38. NOBA BATTERY ACCESS: A ship assigned to gunfire support generally had action existed at all levels of the Chinese Army. However, in an attempt to

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 BLOOD & SAND
compensate for this, many battalion commanders formed a special platoon of "dare-
death" (gan-si-dui—also variously translated as "dare-to-die", "do-or-die" or
"against-all-odds") squads or teams. These units, whose existence was widespread
despite no official authorization from the High Command, were made up of
patriotic, anti-Japanese volunteers. They were used as shock troops, with close-
quarter fighting their specialty. Gan-si-dui teams were employed by Red as well as
by G.M.D. forces, but evidently were not used in American-trained outfits.

48. 5-3-7s & BURMA: Y-Force, part of whose troops were U.S. trained-and-
equipped (and hence are represented in the game by 5-3-7s), actually fought in
China's Yunnan province during its nine-month push into northeastern Burma.
However, for DYO purposes both Y-Force and the Japanese who opposed it are
considered to be in Burma.

Rough Draft 36 100920