An/Trc - 170 Training

Student Studyguide
AN/TRC-170 Training
AN/TRC-170
Unit 1
Basic Tropo Theory
NOTE: Show slide #1
Unit 1
Basic Troposcatter Theory
TITLE:
LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
Action:
You will be able to describe the basic key concepts of the tropospheric scattering
communications theory.
Conditions:
You will be given an informal lecture on basic tropospheric scattering
communications theory.
Standard:
You will be able to correctly describe the basic key concepts of tropospheric
scattering communications theory.
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS:
Be aware of the possibility of electrical shock when working with electronic
equipment
RISK ASSESSMENT:
Low
RESOURCE NEEDS/REFERENCES:
Communication System AN/TRC-170(V)3, PowerPoint Presentation “Unit 1”,
Laptop and Overhead Projector, TM 11-5820-934-13-2, CSI Manual 142F009900-
1 and AN/TRC-170(V)3 Training Student Studyguide
METHODS OF INSTRUCTION:
Informal Lecture
TIME:
0.5 Academic Hours
AN/TRC-170 Training 3week

Student Studyguide
Unit 1
Basic Tropo Theory Overview
• Earth’
Earth’s Atmosphere
• Troposcatter communications
NOTE: Show slide #2 • Factors affecting
• Take-
Take-off angle
• Diversity
AN/TRC 170 Training 2

Basic Tropo Theory
INTRODUCTION:
Elapsed
Time
1. In this unit, we will cover basic tropospheric scattering communications theory.
Overview
Earth’s Atmosphere
Troposcatter communications
Factors affecting
Take-off angle
Diversity

Student Studyguide
Earth ’s Atmosphere
Earth’s
Unit 1
Basic Tropo Theory • Troposphere: lowermost portion of the atmosphere
• Weather occurs in this layer of atmosphere
• Weather and atmospheric changes affect the
NOTE: Show slide #3 troposcatter signal

Basic Tropo Theory
BODY:
1. Overview:
In order to become familiar with troposcatter propagation, students should
first be familiar with a few key terms and definitions, then learn how the
atmosphere allows this type of communication to occur.
Students will see how weather factors affect this type of communication
system and the steps that must be taken to diminish the adverse
factors.
2. Layers of the Earth’s atmosphere

Troposphere:
• The lowermost portion of the Earth’s atmosphere.
• It begins at the surface of the Earth and extends upwards.
• All weather phenomena occur in this portion of the Earth’s atmosphere.
• Approximately 75% of what we call the atmosphere is in this region.
• We’re most interested in the water vapor and temperature changes that
occur in this region.

Student Studyguide
Troposcatter Communications
Unit 1
Basic Tropo Theory • Uses microwave radio to communicate through the
atmosphere “Over-
Over-the-
the-Horizon”
Horizon”
• Signal can be scattered
NOTE: Show slide #4 • Signal can be diffracted
• Equipment can also be used in “Line-
Line-of-
of-Sight”
Sight”

Basic Tropo Theory
3. Troposcatter Communications
• The AN/TRC-170(V)3 troposcatter method uses a microwave radio to communicate

through the lowest portion of the earth’s atmosphere, the troposphere. We can
communicate up to 100 miles or sometimes more using this method, depending on
circumstances. A microwave radio operates in the microwave frequency band. The
microwave frequency band begins at 1,000 MHz (1 GHz).
• The troposphere scatters the microwave signal. The signal can also be diffracted
when it bends around an obstacle.
• The AN/TRC-170(V)3 may also communicate using Line-of-Sight (LOS) microwave

communication. Using the LOS method and equipment, the range is about 35 miles.
• It is important to understand that the signal loss caused by scattering and diffraction
are large compared to the loss incurred in Direct Line of Sight microwave
communication.

Student Studyguide
Troposcatter Communications
Unit 1
Basic Tropo Theory Transmission of the signal is affected by:
• Scattering: loss of signal into space
• Fading: Short or long term variations in signal level
NOTE: Show slide #5

Basic Tropo Theory
•Here we will discuss several factors that affect troposcatter links. Later, we will learn how to
minimize the effects of these factors.
•When planning a troposcatter link, system link planners have to take all these factors into
account.
Transmission of the signal is affected by:
• Scattering: Loss of signal into space

• Fading: Variations in signal level

Student Studyguide
Factors Affecting Troposcatter Links
Unit 1
Basic Tropo Theory Scattering
• Main part of signal is lost
• Random phenomenon
NOTE: Show slide #6
• Only the refracted portion is useable

Basic Tropo Theory
The main part of a troposcatter signal is lost and unusable. It continues out of the atmosphere
and into space.
As the Radio Frequency energy travels through the atmosphere, it is subjected to scattering,
which causes parts of the signal to come back down to Earth.

Student Studyguide
Unit 1
Basic Tropo Theory Long Term Fading – Variations in Signal Level
• Caused by weather, seasonal changes
NOTE: Show slide #7

Basic Tropo Theory
Fading is a term used to describe variations in signal level. This can be short or long term.
• Long term fading is due to seasonal variations in weather, for example, humidity reductions in
the winter months or rainy seasons.
• Compensate for the effects of long term signal fading, by increasing the power output.
NOTE: If a tropo link doesn’t compensate for these factors, then the link will fade in and
out too much to be useable.

Student Studyguide
Unit 1
Basic Tropo Theory Short-
Short-Term Fading: Sudden, unpredictable drops
in signal for 0.03 – 3 sec
• Ex: Frequency Selective Fading
NOTE: Show slide #8

Basic Tropo Theory
Short Term Fading: describes a phenomenon where parts of the signal fade suddenly and
unpredictably. In this case it happens so quickly and unpredictably that increased power
output will not compensate for it.
Frequency Selective Fading
• Different frequencies fade at different points in time.

• This may cause parts of the wanted signal to fade, while other parts of the signal
remain strong.
• The signal can effectively disappear for a moment or two during a short term fade.
• The equipment compensates for this. We will talk more about ways to compensate for
short term fading and other phenomenon in later units.

Student Studyguide
Take-off Angle
Take-off
Unit 1
Basic Tropo Theory • Take-
Take-off Angle is the angle the antenna has to be set at
in order to transmit over the horizon.
• Normal take-
take-off angles for troposcatter links range from
0-5 degrees.
NOTE: Show slide #9

Basic Tropo Theory
4. Takeoff Angle:
• Take-off angle: Describes the angle at which the antenna has to be set to in order to
transmit over the horizon. Normal take off angles for troposcatter links range from 0 to
5 degrees.
• The higher the takeoff angle, the lower the signal will be at the distant end.
• The antenna is usually set at a slightly positive angle with reference to the local
horizontal. In some cases, the angle can be slightly negative, or downward pointing.

Student Studyguide
Diversity
Unit 1
Basic Tropo Theory • Diversity helps to overcome fading
• Combines two or more signals
• Signals have independent paths
NOTE: Show slide #10 • The signals may arrive at different times or arrive
stronger/weaker

Basic Tropo Theory
5. Diversity
• The best way to mitigate the affects of short term fading is through the use of diversity
techniques.
• Diversity is a technique which improves the total receive signal over any single path by
combining two or more independent paths.
• Independent paths are ones in which the characteristics of the receive signal from each
path are different at any given point in time.
• Since diversity paths will not have the same characteristics, they will probably not fade
at the same time. The advantage of combining them results in having a combined signal
that does not fade.

Student Studyguide
Angle Diversity
Unit 1
Basic Tropo Theory • Diversity reception in which beyond-
beyond-the-
the-horizon
troposcatter signals are received at slightly different
angles.
• The equipment combines the paths in order to prevent
NOTE: Show slide #11 signal loss or degradation.

Basic Tropo Theory
a. Angle Diversity
• A diversity reception in which beyond-the-horizon troposcatter signals are received at

slightly different angles.
• Uses one antenna at each end of a tropo link for both transmit and receive .
• The antennas have an offset feed that have different look angles.
• The main feeds are used for transmit and receive, the offset feed is used for receive
only.
• The equipment combines the paths in order to prevent signal loss or degradation.

Student Studyguide
Space Diversity
Unit 1
Basic Tropo Theory • Uses 2 antennas at each end
of a tropo link
• Improves the receive signal
over any single path
• Requires 100 wavelength
NOTE: Show slide #12 separation
• One antenna is used for
transmit and receive, and the
second for receive only.
Receive
Receive
Transmit
Transmit Signal Transmit

& Receive & Receive

Basic Tropo Theory
b. Space Diversity
• Space Diversity uses more than one antenna at each end of a tropo link. (Normally 2
antennas are used). One is used for transmit and receive, and the second is only
used for receive.
• Requires 100 wavelength separation between antennas
• Requires only one transmitter and one transmit frequency at each end.
The AN/TRC-170 (V)3 microwave radio uses dual antennas

Student Studyguide
Frequency Diversity
Unit 1
Basic Tropo Theory • Uses one antenna at each end
• Uses two frequencies at each end.
Receiving
Transmitting Rx1 & Rx2
Tx1 & Tx2
NOTE: Show slide #13

Transmit
& Receive Transmit

Transmit
& Receive
Signal

Basic Tropo Theory
c. Frequency Diversity
• Frequency Diversity is another kind of diversity where the signal is transmitted using
different frequencies on the same antenna.
• Requires two transmit frequencies at each end of the link.
• Reliability and performance are the same as Space Diversity.
• Wastes the radio spectrum and increases the possibilities of interference.

Student Studyguide
Questions?
Unit 1
Basic Tropo Theory

Basic Tropo Theory
SUMMARY:
1. During this lesson students you received an introduction to basic key concepts of
tropospheric scattering communications theory.
2. Ask the instruction questions to clarify any misunderstandings.
THE END

AN/TRC-170(V)3 Training
AN/TRC-170(V)3
Student Studyguide
Unit 2
Intro to TRC-170
NOTE: Show slide #1
Unit 2
Introduction to the AN/TRC-
AN/TRC-170
AN/TRC-170
TITLE:
Introduction to the AN/TRC-170(V)3 Digital Troposcatter Communications System
LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
Action:
You will be able to describe the purpose, capabilities, and major components of
the AN/TRC-170(V)3.
Conditions:
You will be given an informal lecture on the purpose, capabilities, and general
description of the major components of the AN/TRC-170(V)3.
Standard:
You will be able to correctly describe the key concepts of the purpose,
capabilities, and major components of the AN/TRC-170(V)3.
equipment
RISK ASSESSMENT:
Low
Communication System AN/TRC-170(V)3, PowerPoint Presentation “Unit 2”, Laptop
and Overhead Projector, TM 11-5820-934-13-2, CSI Manual 142F009900-1 and
AN/TRC-170(V)3 Training Student Studyguide
Informal Lecture
TIME:
4.0 Academic Hours
1
Introduction to the AN/TRC-170(V)3
AN/TRC-170(V)3
Student Studyguide Objectives:

• Purpose
Unit 2
• Capabilities and Limitations
Intro to TRC-170
• Major components of the AN/TRC-
AN/TRC-170(V)3
Digital Troposcatter Communications System
NOTE: Show slide #2 (TRC-
(TRC-170)
AN/TRC-170(V)3 Training 2
Intro to TRC-170
INTRODUCTION:
Elapsed Time
During this period of instruction, you will be given a overview of the purpose, capabilities
and limitations, and general descriptions of the major components of the AN/TRC-
170(V)3 Digital Troposcatter Communications System. Understanding this information
will provide the base which will enable you to become proficient AN/TRC-170(V)3
operators.
Objectives:
• Describe purpose of the AN/TRC-170(V)3
• Describe AN/TRC-170(V)3 capabilities and limitations
• Identify AN/TRC-170(V)3 major components
You will learn the following:

• The AN/TRC-170(V)3 is a transportable, self-enclosed troposcatter terminal
(multichannel) capable of transmitting and receiving digital data over varying
distances (up to 100 miles).
• This terminal is comprised of modular electronic equipment in various
configurations with GFE multiplexers and cryptographic items all housed in
a modified S-250/G shelter.
• The QRA is included as part a a AN/TRC-170(V)3.
It is trailer mounted and contains a “pop-up” dual antenna for space
diversity operation.
• The legacy configuration (non-upgraded) is limited to 4.608 Mbps of data.
• The Upgraded Modem configuration will handle 16.384 Mbps of data.
There will be an academic evaluation at the end of this lesson.
2
Purpose of the AN/TRC -170(V)3
AN/TRC-170(V)3
Student Studyguide • Air or Ground Transportable

• Tropospheric Scatter Microwave Radio Terminal
Unit 2 • Secure Digital Trunking
Intro to TRC-170
• All Major Units are Rack Mounted
NOTE: Show slide #3
Intro to TRC-170
BODY:
A. Purpose of the AN/TRC-170(V)3: The AN/TRC-170(V)3 is an air or ground
Transportable Tropospheric Scatter microwave Terminal.
1. Air or Ground Transportable:
• The radio system can also be transported by any cargo aircraft capable of
transporting a HUMVEE.
• The radio system is mounted (bolted on to the frame) of a heavy duty
HUMVEE.
• The antenna is part of a M116A2 trailer and is towed behind the HUMVEE.
2. Tropospheric Scatter Microwave Radio Terminal:
• This radio system uses troposcatter propagation to transmit and receive
data.
• The radio system can operate as a Line of Sight or as a Tropo Scatter radio.
3. Secure Digital Trunking: This radio system provides secure voice and data circuits.
• It also provides secure digital trunking between major nodes of a
communications network.
• It can interface with Tri-Service Tactical Area Communications (TRI-TAC)
and other current inventory assemblages of multiplexing equipment or
various switches.
• It also provides a link to support dedicated traffic to include analog and
digital voice, point to point subscriber circuits, facsimile, and teletype or
telemetry circuits.
4. All major units are rack mounted in the shelter.
3
Student Studyguide
Unit 2
Intro to TRC-170
NOTE: Show slide #4
This is the exterior view of the AN/TRC-170(V)3.
4
Shelter Exterior
Student Studyguide Road-

Road-side Curb-
Curb-side
Unit 2
Intro to TRC-170
NOTE: Show slide #5
Intro to TRC-170
• Actual photos of the AN/TRC-170(V)3 shelter, are pictured here.

• Road-side view (left) and Curb-side (right) view of the shelter.
5
Shelter Interior
Student Studyguide Road-

Road-side Curb-
Curb-side
Unit 2
Intro to TRC-170
NOTE: Show slide #6
Rear Front Rear
Intro to TRC-170
Road-side (left) and Curb-side (right) shelter interior. Rear and front sides are also labeled.
6
Capabilities and Limitations
Student Studyguide • Frequency Range: 4.4 – 5.0 GHz
Unit 2 • Transmission Range: 100 miles

Intro to TRC-170
NOTE: Show slide #7
100 miles
Intro to TRC-170
B. Capabilities and Limitations

1. Frequency Range
• The TRC operates in the frequency range of 4.4 to 5.0 GHz.
• The occupied frequency band is 3.5 or 7 MHz. Selectable via a toggle
switch. This is for the DAR Modem.
• The CS6716 Modem occupied frequency band is 7 or 12 MHz
• The OAC-170D is used for additional filtering (sensitivity) 2.0 or 3.5
MHz.
2. Transmission Range
• Transmission range is up to 100 miles for this equipment.
• This is the effective range over which one can expect to establish
reliable troposcatter links using this equipment.
7
Student Studyguide Output Power

• Tropo Maximum 2 Kilowatts (kW)
Unit 2
• Tropo Nominal 1 kW
Intro to TRC-170
• Line of Sight minimum .4w
NOTE: Show slide #8
Intro to TRC-170
3. Output Power
This is the power out of the antenna and depends on the mission requirements.
a. Tropo Maximum output power is 2 kW.
This is obtained by NOT using the gain compression circuitry.
b. Tropo Nominal output power is rated at 1 kW.

This rating is the normal maximum output power level obtained from a
AN/TRC-170(V)3.
c. Line of Sight (LOS) output power is rated at 0.4 watt.
8
Student Studyguide • Data Bandwidth

• Antenna Gain
Unit 2 • Diversity
Intro to TRC-170
NOTE: Show slide #9
Intro to TRC-170
4. Data Bandwidth
• The data bandwidth rating of the AN/TRC-170(V)3 is 128 kbps to 4608
kbps.
• This rating is from a non-upgraded shelter.
• The upgraded AN/TRC-170(V)3 can handle up to 16384 kbps.
5. Antenna gain
• Antenna Gain of the 6’ parabolic dish is 36.5 decibels (dBi).
9
Diversity Modes
Student Studyguide Non-

Non-Diversity
• All AN/TRC-
AN/TRC-170 versions are capable of Non-
Non-
Unit 2 diversity
Intro to TRC-170
Dual Diversity
• All AN/TRC-
AN/TRC-170 versions are capable of Dual-
Dual-
NOTE: Show slide #10 diversity
Quad-
Quad-Diversity
• Only the AN/TRC-
AN/TRC-170(V)2 is capable of Quad-
Quad-
diversity
Intro to TRC-170
6. Diversity Modes
• Non-Diversity: All AN/TRC-170 versions are capable of Non-diversity
• Dual Diversity: All AN/TRC-170 versions are capable of Dual-diversity
• Quad-Diversity: Only the AN/TRC-170(V)2 is capable of Quad-diversity
10
Non -Diversity
Non-Diversity
Student Studyguide
Transmitting Receiving
Unit 2
Intro to TRC-170
Transmit
& Receive Transmit Transmit
Signal & Receive
Intro to TRC-170
Non-Diversity
• All versions of the TRC-170 can operate in this mode.
• Effective for Line of Sight (LOS) shots - approximately 35 miles.
• In LOS mode each antenna HAS to have a clear, unobstructed view (shot) to the other
antenna.
11
Dual Diversity
Student Studyguide
Unit 2
Receive
Intro to TRC-170
Receive
NOTE: Show slide #12 Transmit
Transmit Signal Transmit

& Receive & Receive
Intro to TRC-170
Dual-Diversity:
• All versions of the AN/TRC-170 can operate in this mode.
• One transmit / receive antenna and one receive only.
12
TRC -170(V)3 System Block Diagram
TRC-170(V)3
Student Studyguide
Unit 2
Intro to TRC-170
Intro to TRC-170
This system block diagram is for the unmodified (Legacy) version of the radio.
13
Major Components
Student Studyguide
• Transmitter
Unit 2 • Receiver
Intro to TRC-170 • CS6716 Modem Upgrade
• Digital Voice Orderwire (DVOW) with KY-
KY-58
NOTE: Show slide #14 • Quick Reaction Antenna
Intro to TRC-170
C. Major Components of the AN/TRC-170(V)3

• Transmitter
• Receiver
• CS6716 Modem Upgrade
• DAR Modem Equipment
• Digital Voice Orderwire (DVOW) with KY-58
• Quick Reaction Antenna
14
TRC-
-170(V)3 Transmitter Block Diagram
TRC-170(V)3
TRC
Student Studyguide
Unit 2
Intro to TRC-170
Intro to TRC-170
C. Major Components of the AN/TRC-170(V)3

• Transmitter
• Receiver
• CS6716 Modem Upgrade
• DAR Modem Equipment
• Digital Voice Orderwire (DVOW) with KY-58
15
Transmitter
Roadside
Student Studyguide High Power Amplifier (HPA)
Unit 2 Up-
Up-converter
Intro to TRC-170
Dual RF Synthesizer
Rear Front
Intro to TRC-170
1. Transmitter:
This is a brief summary of the transmitter function, not a complete breakdown of
the equipment.
AN/TRC-170(V)3
a. High Power Amplifier (HPA): 1 per shelter
• Receives Radio Frequency signal from Up-Converter and amplifies it for
transmission.
• In the line of sight (LOS) mode of operation, the signal from the Up-Converter
bypasses the high power circuitry and is routed to the output filter in the HPA.
b. Up-converter: 1 per shelter

• Converts 70 MHz Intermediate Frequency (IF) output of the modem to C- Band
and then amplifies and filters the RF to the High Power Amplifier.
c. Dual RF Synthesizer: 1 per shelter

• Provides stable outputs in the 4.4 to 5.0 GHz range, those outputs supply the
local oscillator signals to the up-converter.
16
TRC-
-170(V)3 Receiver Block Diagram
TRC-170(V)3
TRC
Student Studyguide
Up Conv
Antenna H Inhibit
No 1
Frequency
Unit 2 AZ/EL
Sensor
Synthesizer
3A2
RCV-3 RF
LO
LO Down
Converter
RCV-3 IF
TX IF-Test From Modulator

No 3 FO-35
Intro to TRC-170 Noise

Source RF Noise
3A4 IF Test Panel RCVR-1 IF

RCV-1 RF
RCV-1 IF 7A5
Down
Converter To Demod
No 1
Antenna H
RCVR-3 IF

No 2
Conv Fault
Synth Config
Fault (Noise) to
To Alarm Monitor Alarm Monitor
FO-41 FO-41
AZ/EL RSL
Alarm Monitor Panel

RSL
AZ/EL 7A2 CONFIG (LPBK)
RAAM To Alarm Monitor
FO-41
Intro to TRC-170
This is the receiver block diagram.
17
Receiver
Down-
Down-converter Dual RF Synthesizer
Student Studyguide (2 per shelter) (1 per shelter)
output 70 MHz output 4.4 to 5.0 GHz
Unit 2
Intro to TRC-170
Intro to TRC-170
2. Receiver:
This is a brief summary of the receive function, not a complete breakdown of the
receiver equipment.
AN/TRC-170(V)3
a. Down-converter: 2 per shelter (each down-converter has 2 identical outputs)
• Provides pre-selection, post-selection, and amplification of the received RF
signal.
• The output of the down-converter is the 70 MHz IF signal.
b. Dual RF Synthesizer: 1 per shelter

• Provides stable outputs in the 4.4 to 5.0 GHz range, those outputs supply
local oscillator signals to the down-converters.
18
CS6716 Modem Upgrade
Student Studyguide Curbside
• IF DATA Patch Panel

Unit 2 • CS6716 Modem
Intro to TRC-170 • VersaMux 4000 ™
• Oscillator Amplifier
Converter (OAC) -170D
NOTE: Show slide #19 • 48 Volts Direct Current
(VDC) Power Supply
Front Rear
Intro to TRC-170
AN/TRC-170(V)3
3. CS6716 Modem Upgrade:

• 1 Modem upgrade kit installed per V3
Components:
• IF DATA Patch Panel
• CS6716 Modem
• VersaMux™ 4000
• Oscillator Amplifier Converter (OAC)-170D
• 48 Volts Direct Current (VDC) Power Supply
19
IF Data Patch Panel
Student Studyguide
Unit 2
Intro to TRC-170
IF Section Data Section Orderwire

Section
Intro to TRC-170
4. IF Data Patch Panel: 1 per shelter

a. IF Section
b. Data Section
c. Orderwire (OW) Section
20
CS6716 Modem
Student Studyguide
Unit 2
Intro to TRC-170

Alarm and Keypad Alphanumeric Display
Status
Indicators
Intro to TRC-170
a. CS6716 Modem: 1 per shelter.

Provides a full duplex interface supporting a high-speed user Channel and a digital
service channel
NOTE: CS6716 Modem has a similar menu structure as the AN/FCC-100 Multiplexer
(military equipment)
21
CS6716 Modem
Student Studyguide With the access panel opened

Unit 2
Intro to TRC-170
NOTE: Show slide #22 (display board)
Intro to TRC-170
View of the modem with the access panel opened.
22
VersaMux
VersaMux™™ 4000 front panel
Student Studyguide
Unit 2
Display LEDs
Intro to TRC-170
NOTE: Show slide #23 Keypads Power
Intro to TRC-170
b. VersaMux™ 4000:
• 1 per shelter
• Provides ability to multiplex up to 4 input groups into a single aggregate group using
time division multiplexing (TDM).
• Each input group can be either a fiber optic or conditioned di-phase (CDI) interface.
• The total data from the four groups cannot exceed the aggregate data rate of 16.384
Mbps.
Note:
• Display
2 lines by 16 characters
• Keypads
Left, Right, Up & Down arrow keys
ENTER key
• LEDs
POWER
AGGR
CLK REF
PORTS
FAULT
• Power Switch
23
VersaMux
VersaMux™™ 4000 back panel
Student Studyguide
Unit 2
Intro to TRC-170
Intro to TRC-170
VersaMux™ 4000 showing the port numbering system. There are five ports:
• Ports 1 thru 4 are identical.
• Port 5 is the aggregate port..
24
OAC -170D
OAC-170D
Student Studyguide Oscillator Amplifier Converter (OAC)

• 1 per shelter
Unit 2
Intro to TRC-170 • Contains 4 IF amplifiers
• Selectable IF filter bandwidths
• Contains redundant oscillators
Gain Adjusts Filter bandwidth Oscillator Select
Intro to TRC-170
Oscillator Amplifier Converter (OAC-170D):

• 1 per shelter
• Contains four IF Amplifiers with gain adjustment which provides required input level for
modem
• Provides selectable IF Filter bandwidths
• High-Stability Redundant 10 MHz Rubidium reference outputs for modem and
VersaMux™ 4000
• Automatic or manual Switches of redundant Oscillators
25
48 volt power supply
Student Studyguide
• With 2 separate power supply modules
Unit 2 • Hot swappable
Intro to TRC-170
Intro to TRC-170
d. 48 Volts Direct Current (VDC) Power Supply: 1 per shelter

Redundant Hot-Swappable power supplies have current sharing capabilities for
normal operation.
26
DAR Equipment
Student Studyguide
Unit 2
Intro to TRC-170
Intro to TRC-170
4. Distortion Adaptive Receiver (DAR) Equipment:

Original tropo modem and multiplexing equipment fielded in the TRC-170.
a. DAR Tropo Modem: 1 per shelter
• Provides up to 4608 kbps data rate.
• Provides a full duplex interface with a digital orderwire
27
Digital Group Multiplex
Student Studyguide
Baseband PP
Unit 2 LGM
Intro to TRC-170 GM
TGM
NOTE: Show slide #28 LGM
Intro to TRC-170
b. DAR Digital Group Multiplex Equipment:

Original multiplexing equipment fielded in the legacy TRC-170s.
1. Loop Group Multiplexer: 2 per shelter

• Provides up to 16 analog or digital channels operating at 16 or 32 KHz at data
rates up to 576KHz.
2. Group Modem: 1 per shelter,

• 4 modems per Group Modem assembly.
• Functions as a full duplex protocol converter, converting Conditioned Diphase
(CDI) to NRZ in one direction and NRZ to CDI in the other.
3. Trunk Group Multiplexer: 1 per shelter,

• Combines up to 4 groups of data from the LGMs and GMs and forms an
aggregate signal.
28
Digital Voice Orderwire (DVOW)
with KY -58
KY-58
Student Studyguide
Unit 2
Intro to TRC-170
Intro to TRC-170
5. Digital Voice Orderwire (DVOW) with KY-58

• The DVOW provides a secure orderwire circuit for link alignment, equipment
status and troubleshooting purposes.
• The DVOW operates with the KY-58 encryption device.
29
Quick Reaction Antenna (QRA)
Student Studyguide The antenna is built

onto the trailer chassis
Unit 2
Intro to TRC-170
Intro to TRC-170
6. Quick Reaction Antenna (QRA)

• The QRA is a trailer-mounted, dual-antenna, parabolic dish antenna system.
• It is mobile (towed) and relatively easy to set up.
• A trained 2-person crew can set one up in 45 minutes.
30
Quick Reaction Antenna
Student Studyguide • M116A2 Trailer Chassis

• 6 ft (180 cm) Parabolic Dish Reflectors
Unit 2
Intro to TRC-170
Intro to TRC-170
a. M116A2 Trailer Chassis

• The antenna system is built as part of the trailer chassis.
• It can not be physically removed from the trailer itself.
• All antenna components are stored on the trailer.
b. 6 FT (180 cm) Parabolic Dish Reflectors

• The gain of the QRA reflectors is 36.5 decibels (dBi).
• These reflectors are a one piece system and are also stored on the trailer chassis.
31
Questions?
Student Studyguide
Unit 2
Intro to TRC-170
Intro to TRC-170
SUMMARY:
• During this lesson you received an introduction to the purpose, capabilities, and a
general description of the major components of the AN/TRC-170(V)3 Digital
Troposcatter Communications System.
• Ask the instructor questions to clarify any misunderstandings.
THE END
32
Student Studyguide
AN/TRC-170(V)3
Unit 3
Major Systems and Functions
NOTE: Show slide #1
Unit 3
TITLE: Major Systems and Functions
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
Action:
You will be able to describe the mission data signal flow through the AN/TRC-
170(V)3 Digital Troposcatter Communications System and identify each
component that the user mission data signal passes through and what it does to or
for the signal.
Conditions:
You will be given an informal lecture on the mission data signal flow through the
AN/TRC-170(V)3 and descriptions each component that the user mission data
signal passes through and what it does to or for the signal.
Standard:
You will be able to correctly describe the key concepts of the mission data signal
flow through the AN/TRC-170(V)3 and identify each component that the user
mission data signal passes through and what it does to or for the signal.
equipment
RISK ASSESSMENT:
Low
Communication System AN/TRC-170(V)3, PowerPoint Presentation “Unit 3”,
1 and AN/TRC-170(V)3 Student Studyguide
Informal Lecture
TIME:
16.0 Academic Hours

Student Studyguide
Unit 3
Major Systems and Functions Objectives
• Signal flow through the AN/TRC-
AN/TRC-170(V)3
• Transmit Path
NOTE: Show slide #2 • Receive Path
• Orderwire Path
• Distortion Adaptive Receiver (DAR) Modem Variant
signal paths
• Components the mission data signal passes
through and what it does to/for the signal
INTRODUCTION:
Elapsed Time
During this period of instruction, you will be given an overview of the mission data signal flow
through the AN/TRC-170(V)3. We will cover each component that the user mission data
signal passes through and what it does to, or for the signal. We will cover the transmit signal
path, receive signal path, orderwire signal path and Distortion Adaptive Receiver (DAR)
Modem Variant signal path. Understanding this information will provide the base which will
enable you to become proficient AN/TRC-170(V)3 operators.
Objectives:
Describe signal flow through the AN/TRC-170(V)3
• Transmit Path
• Receive Path
• Orderwire Path
• Distortion Adaptive Receiver (DAR) Modem Variant path
Identify each component the mission data signal passes through and what
the component does to or for the signal

Student Studyguide Transmit Path Signal Flow and
Components
Unit 3
Major Systems and Functions Overview
• Provides a path for the user signal from the
Shelter Interface Panel all the way to the
NOTE: Show slide #3 Transmit antenna
• Up to 4 group inputs from 8 possible
connections
• Provides signal conditioning, filtering and
amplification
BODY:
A. Transmit Path signal flow and components
1. Overview
a. Provides a path for the user mission data signal from the Shelter Interface Panel
(SIP) all the way to the Transmit antenna
b. Up to 4 group inputs from 8 possible connections at the SIP. Up to 4 groups of
CDI or FO traffic may be connected.
c. Provides signal conditioning, filtering and amplification

Student Studyguide Transmit Path Signal Flow and
Components
Unit 3
• Shelter Interface
Major Systems and Functions Panel
• VersaMux™
VersaMux™ 4000
• IF Data Patch Panel
NOTE: Show slide #4 • CS6716 Modem
• Troposcatter Radio
up-
up-converter
• High Power Amplifier
• Antenna
This is the upgraded modem block diagram.
Transmit path:
• Shelter Interface Panel (SIP)
• CS6716 Modem
• Troposcatter Radio up-converter
• Antenna

Student Studyguide
Transmit Path – Shelter Interface Panel
Unit 3
Conditioned Di-
Di-phase
NOTE: Show slide #5
Fiber Optic
2. Shelter Interface Panel (SIP) Connections

a. Conditioned Di-phase
4 CX-11230 cable connectors on SIP
b. Fiber Optic
4 CX-11295 cable connectors on SIP

Student Studyguide
Transmit Path – VersaMux™ 4000
VersaMux™
Unit 3
Major Systems and Functions • Multiplexes inputs from SIP
• Non Return to Zero (NRZ) output
• Aggregate rate up to 16 Mbps
• Relay Pass Through Mode
NOTE: Show slide #6
• Protocol Converter
Front
Rear
3. VersaMux™ 4000
a. The VersaMux multiplexes up to 4 inputs of 8 possible from SIP into an aggregate
output.
The VersaMux takes up to 4 trunk group inputs from the SIP and multiplexes it into
a single aggregate signal
b. Non Return to Zero (NRZ) output (the signal varies but will never equal zero)
The VersaMux accepts FO and CDI inputs and converts them to a NRZ output.
c. Aggregate rate up to 16 Mbps
Data rates may vary from 2 Mbps to 16 Mbps
d. Relay Pass Through Mode
Any of the 4 Port Inputs can be configured for relay pass through mode. In this
mode the port selected can pass the aggregate signal.
e. Protocol Converter
The Protocol converter function changes CDI to NRZ Formats.

Student Studyguide
Transmit Path – IF Data Patch Panel
Unit 3
Major Systems and Functions • Monitor & Control
• TED patch
Orderwire Section
IF Section Data Section TED Patch
Hard wired
NOTE: Show slide #7
Monitor Control DAR

Orderwire
4. IF Data Patch Panel

a. IF Section
1. Connects signal from CS6716 or DAR Modem to Tropo Radio up-converter
2. Patching is done via U-Link inserted vertically into Patch Panel.
b. Data Section
1. Normal through for CS6716 Modem
2. Ethernet connection available
3. RS-232 connection for Maintenance and Control
c. Orderwire (OW) Section
1. Normal through for CS6716 Modem
2. Connects OW to DAR using patch
d. Trunk Encryption Device (TED) patch
1. For encrypting / de-encrypting of mission data
2. TED is patched between the VersaMux and the CS6716

Student Studyguide
Transmit Path – CS6716 Modem
Unit 3
Major Systems and Functions • High speed, Digital Adaptive Modem
• Duplex Interface
• Adaptive Link Power Control
NOTE: Show slide #8 • Fully Redundant
• Intermediate Frequency (IF) Output
5. CS6716 Modem
a. High speed, Digital Adaptive Modem
b. Duplex Interface
1. User Channel is Turbo Product Code (TPC) encoded
• Improves BER
• Approximately 5% overhead
• RS-422 or HSSI
2. Digital service channel
• RS-422
• No TPC encoding
c. Adaptive Link Power Control
1. Automatically controls transmitted RF power
2. Minimizes output power
3. Reduces the possibility of interference
d. Fully Redundant
Automatically switches to standby modem
Supporting info:
Modem will not swap if a major fault is already detected in the standby module or
if the modem is not in the auto mode. The modem printed circuit board cards
(PCBs) are hot swappable (can be swapped without powering off the modem).
However, the slide switches on each individual PCB must be off before
removing and replacing. Upon replacement, the slide switches must be turned
on again.
e. Intermediate Frequency Output

1. 70 MHz Frequency
2. QPSK Modulation

Student Studyguide Transmit Path –
Troposcatter Radio Up-converter
Up-converter
Unit 3
Major Systems and Functions • Inputs – LO & IF
• Up-
Up-converts
• Radio Frequency (RF) output
NOTE: Show slide #9
6. Troposcatter Radio up-converter

a. Inputs
1. IF from modem
2. LO from Dual RF Synthesizer
b. Up-converts
1. Mixes IF with LO
2. Tuneable Filter dialed to RF frequency to filter out mixing components
3. Amplifies filtered signal
c. Radio Frequency (RF) output
1. Tropo Mode sent to High Power Amplifier for power amplification
2. Line of Sight Mode bypasses the High Power circuitry and is sent to the
transmit waveguide after leaving the HPA

Student Studyguide
Transmit Path – High Power Amplifier (HPA)
Unit 3
Major Systems and Functions • 2 Kilowatt (kW) maximum
• 1 kW nominal with gain
compression
• High Voltage Power Supply
NOTE: Show slide #10 • Low Power
• Operating mode
• Output mode
7. High Power Amplifier (HPA)

a. Maximum output power of the High Power Amplifier is 2 kW
b. The HPA contains a gain compression circuit that reduces output power by reducing
the drive input by 3 dB.
c. The HPA receives its operating voltages from the High Voltage Power Supply below
it. The HPA uses a tunable cavity electron tube to generate the power needed to
boost the output level to required levels.
d. The HPA also contains a High/Low power range setting. By choosing the Low Power
setting, the output power level is reduced by half.
e. The HPA also has a Tropo / LOS LED that illuminates to show which operating mode
is selected
f. There is a Dummy Load / Antenna LED that illuminates to show which output mode
has been selected. These LEDs are affected by front panel toggle switches.

Student Studyguide
Transmit Path – Antenna
Unit 3
Major Systems and Functions Flexible waveguide Antenna feedhorn
8. Antenna
a. Flexible waveguide
• Connects output of HPA to the antenna
b. Antenna feedhorn
• 36.5 dBi of gain

Student Studyguide
Transmit Path Review
Unit 3
Major Systems and Functions The following are all types of signals that can be passed by the TRC-170 EXCEPT
A. Digital Phone circuits
B. Analog Phone circuits
C. HF circuits
D. Fiber Optic circuits
NOTE: Show slide #12 Match the following signal types with the cable associated with them.
Conditioned Diphase CX-11295
Fiber Optic CX-11230
Pick out the true statement from the following list of VersaMux facts:
• The VersaMux converts CDI into a Conditioned Diphase format

• Only Ports 1, 2, or 3 can be relayed to the aggregate
• The VersaMux handles up to 6 group inputs
• The VersaMux is limited to handling any combination of up to 4 groups of
CDI and FO concurrently
1. The following are all types of signals that can be passed by the TRC-170 EXCEPT for ___
a. Digital Phone circuits
b. Analog Phone circuits
c. HF circuits
d. Fiber Optic circuits
4. Match the following signal types with the cable associated with them.
a. Conditioned Diphase (CX-11230)
b. b. Fiber Optic (CX_11295)
9. Pick out the true statement from the following list of VersaMux facts:
a. The VersaMux converts CDI into a Conditioned Diphase format
b. Only Ports 1, 2, or 3 can be relayed to the aggregate
c. The VersaMux handles up to 6 group inputs
d. The VersaMux is limited to handling any combination of up to 4 groups of CDI and FO
concurrently

Student Studyguide Receive Path Signal Flow and
Components
Unit 3
• Provide a path for the user signal from the
Antenna to the Shelter Interface Panel
NOTE: Show slide #13 • Provide signal conditioning, filtering and
amplification
B. Receive Path signal Flow and components

1. Overview
• The receive Path begins as the received signal is collected at the antenna, then
signal is demultiplexed back down to groups and is routed out of the van via the
shelter interface panel for the CS6716 Modem or to the signal entry panel for the
DAR components
• Along the way various components add signal conditioning, filtering and
amplification.

Student Studyguide Receive Path Signal Flow and
Components
Unit 3
Major Systems and Functions • Antennas
down-
down-converters
• IF Loopback Panel
NOTE: Show slide #14 • IF Data Patch Panel
• OAC-
OAC-170D
• CS6716 Modem
• VersaMux™
VersaMux™ 4000
• Shelter Interface
Panel
Receive path:
• Antennas
• Troposcatter Radio down-converters
• IF Loopback Panel
• OAC-170D
• CS6716 Modem
• Shelter Interface Panel

Student Studyguide
Receive Path – Antenna
Unit 3
Major Systems and Functions Antenna feedhorn
Flexible waveguide
Antenna
The input to the antenna is the 4.4-5 GHz RF signal transmitted by the Distant End AN/TRC-
170.
a. Antenna Feedhorn
36.5 dBi gain
b. Flexible waveguide connects emitters on antenna to waveguide ports on shelter.
Signal loss through each waveguide is .6 dB.

Student Studyguide Receive Path –
Troposcatter Radio Down-
-Converters
Down-Converters
Down
Unit 3 • Low Noise

Summary
Amplifiers (LNA) Fault
Input
Overload
Major Systems and Functions • Down-
Down-converters
Indicator Indicator
Pre-
Pre-selector
Knob
NOTE: Show slide #16 Noise Test

Modes
Post selector
Knob
3. Troposcatter Radio down-converter

The next stop on the signal flow path is the Troposcatter Radio down-converters.
a. Low Noise Amplifiers (LNA)
• 25 to 28 dB gain
b. Pre and Post Select Filters
• Signal conditioning
• Tunable Filter dialed to RF frequency
c. Down-converts
• Mixes RF with LO
• 70 MHz IF output

Student Studyguide
Receive Path – IF Data Patch Panel
Unit 3
Major Systems and Functions • 4 U-
U-Links connect to Rx1-
Rx1-Rx4 jacks
RX1 RX2 RX3 RX4
IF Section
4. IF Data Patch Panel

The 4 outputs from the down-converters are routed to the IF DATA Patch panel
a. Four U-links connect Rx1-Rx4 from radio down-converters to modem
• Top 2 jacks of each column for CS6716 modem
• Bottom 2 jacks of each column for DAR modem
b. Four CS6716 Rx jacks connect receive IF to OAC-170
• Connect receive IF to OAC-170
• Amplifies approximately 16dB
• Connects to CS6716

Student Studyguide
Receive Path – IF Patch Section
Unit 3
TX Ports RX Ports
CS6716 modem
NOTE: Show slide #18 jacks - connects
receiver IF to
OAC170 and then
to modem.
Radio jacks
DAR modem
jacks
IF Section of IF Data Patch Panel

Student Studyguide
Receive Path – OAC-170D
OAC-170D
Unit 3
Major Systems and Functions • 4 IF Amplifiers
• IF Filter Bandwidths
5. OAC-170D
a. 4 IF Amplifiers
Total gain from the LNAs to the input of the CS6716 is set for 40 dB +/- .25 dB
b. IF Filter Bandwidths
• BYPASS for data rates of 8 Mbps or faster
• 3.5 MHz for data rates up to 4 Mbps
• 2 MHz for data rates up to 2 Mbps

Student Studyguide
Receive Path – CS6716 Modem
Unit 3
Major Systems and Functions • IF input signals
• Full duplex interface
• Service channel
• Turbo Product Code (TPC) Forward Error Correction
NOTE: Show slide #20 (FEC)
• Adaptive Link Power Control (ALPC)
6. CS6716 Modem
a. 4 IF input signals
b. Full duplex interface
c. Digital service channel (RS-422), used for Orderwire
d. Turbo Product Code (TPC) Forward Error Correction (FEC) Improves system
performance (bit error rate or BER)
e. Adaptive Link Power Control (ALPC) to the distant end transmitter, letting it know
minimum output levels required at the receiver.

Student Studyguide
Receive Path – VersaMux™ 4000
VersaMux™
Unit 3
Major Systems and Functions • De-
De-multiplexes the aggregate signal
• Fiber Optic and Conditioned Di-
Di-phase data
• Outputs to Shelter Interface Panel
NOTE: Show slide #21 • Format conversion
7. VersaMux™ 4000
a. RS-422 in NRZ format
b. De-multiplexes the aggregate signal
c. Fiber Optic and Conditioned Di-phase data groups
d. Outputs connect to Shelter Interface Panel
e. Format conversion from NRZ to CDI

Student Studyguide
Receive Path – Shelter Interface Panel
Unit 3 Connects 4 groups of Fiber Optic or

Conditioned Di-
Di-phase data to users

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4
8. Shelter Interface Panel

•Connects 4 groups of Fiber Optic or Conditioned Di-phase data to users
•From here users are connected via either CX-11230 cable for Di-phase or CX-
11295 Fiber Optic cables.

Student Studyguide
Receive Path Review
Unit 3
The output of the Troposcatter Radio down-converter is?
Major Systems and Functions a. NRZ
b. 4.4-5 GHz
c. RF
d. 70 MHz
NOTE: Show slide #23 Total gain from the Low Noise Amplifiers through the OAC, to the input of
the CS6716 is set for how much?
a. 36.5 dB
b. 28 dB
c. 40 dB
d. 16 dB
Select the incorrect statement about the SIP.

a. 8 groups of data can be connected to SIP
b. 4 groups of CX-11230 cable can be connected to SIP
c. 4 groups of CX-11295 cable can be connected to SIP
d. 8 groups of CDI can be connected to SIP
35. The output of the Troposcatter Radio down-converter is?

a. NRZ
b. 4.4-5 GHz
c. RF
d. 70 MHz
38. Total gain from the Low Noise Amplifiers through the OAC, to the input of the CS6716
Modem is set for how much?
a. 36.5 dB
b. 28 dB
c. 40 dB
d. 16 dB
45. Select the incorrect statement about the SIP.

a. 8 groups of data can be connected to SIP
b. 4 groups of CX-11230 cable can be connected to SIP
c. 4 groups of CX-11295 cable can be connected to SIP
d. 8 groups of CDI can be connected to SIP

Student Studyguide Orderwire Path Signal Flow and
Components
Unit 3
• Terminal to
terminal secure
voice
NOTE: Show slide #24 communication
• Provides a path for
the Orderwire
signal from handset
to the modem
C Orderwire Path signal flow and components
1. Overview
a. Terminal to terminal secure voice communication via KY-58

Used for status reporting and troubleshooting with distant end.
b. Provides a path for the Orderwire signal from headset to the modem.
For normal use with the CS6716 Modem, no additional patches have to be made.
When used with the DAR Modem a patch must be made between the DAR
ORDERWIRE jack and the DVOW jack on the IF Data Patch Panel.

Student Studyguide Orderwire Path Signal Flow and
Components
Unit 3
Major Systems and Functions • TRI-
TRI-TAC RS-
RS-422
• Orderwire Data Patch
• OAC-
OAC-170D
• CS6716 Modem
2. DVOW
a. Headset is attached to Voice Orderwire Control Unit (VOCU) panel
b. Audio signal (0-4 KHz)
c. Voice Orderwire Control Unit
d. Data rate 16Kbps (synchronous)
e. KY-58 provides encryption (TRI-TAC RS-422 format)

Student Studyguide
Orderwire Path – Orderwire Data Patch
Unit 3
Major Systems and Functions CS6716 – Normal Through
DAR - Patched
3. Orderwire Data Patch

a. Orderwire output in TRI-TAC format
b. Normal through connects OW to OAC-170D for signal conversion
c. Patched to DAR modem

Student Studyguide
Orderwire Path – OAC-170D
OAC-170D
Unit 3
Major Systems and Functions Converts TRI-
TRI-TAC to RS-
RS-422 format
4. OAC-170D
Converts TRI-TAC to RS-422 format
RS-422 Signal routed to CS6716 Modem

Student Studyguide
Orderwire Path – CS6716 Modem
Unit 3
Major Systems and Functions • Multiplexer/Modulator Function
• De-
De-multiplexer/De-
multiplexer/De-modulator Function
5. CS6716 Modem
a. Multiplexer/Modulator Function
1. RS-422 from the OAC-170D is input on User Service Channel 1
2. User channel 1, BERT, High Speed Data Channel and overhead are
multiplexed (User SC 2 not used currently)
3. Aggregate from the multiplexer is sent to modulator to QPSK modulate it on
a 70MHz carrier
4. Outputs 70 MHz IF signal to IF Data Patch Panel for Tx1
b. De-multiplexer/De-modulator Function
1. CS6716 Modem receives the four IF inputs from the OAC-170D.
2. The de-modulator removes the 70 MHz carrier and send aggregate to de-
multiplexer
3. The de-multiplexer separates the channels and routes the OW signal to the
User Service Channel 1 output
4. The RS-422 outputs from User Service Channel 1 is routed to the OAC-
170D inputs.

Student Studyguide
Orderwire Path Review
Unit 3
True or False. In order to use the Orderwire with the CS6716 Modem,
Major Systems and Functions it must be patched in on the IF Data Patch panel.
What component converts the Orderwire signal format?

46. True or False. In order to use the Orderwire with the CS6716 Modem, it must be patched in
on the IF Data Patch panel.
51. What component converts the Orderwire signal format?

Student Studyguide
DAR Modem Path Variant
Unit 3
• Changes to signal path
• Data output maximum of 4.608 Mbps
• Digital Group Multiplexer
NOTE: Show slide #30 • DGM thumbwheel
• TM 11-
11-5820-
5820-934-
934-13-
13-2-1
D. Distortion Adaptive Receiver (DAR) Modem Variant Path

1. Overview
a. Changes to signal path: The OW has to be patched in to work with the DAR
Modem
IF Data Patch Panel
U-Links have to be moved from the top 2 rows of jacks to the bottom 2
rows.
b. Data output maximum of 4.608 Mbps
c. Digital Group Multiplexer (DGM) gear (LGM, GM, TGM) patched in and data
settings made.
d. DGM thumbwheel settings and switch positions made
e. Refer to TM 11-5820-934-13-2-1, VOL 1 for specific patching and data
thumbwheels settings for the DGM gear.

Student Studyguide
DAR Modem Path Variant
Unit 3
Major Systems and Functions • Transmit Signal Flow
• Receive Signal Flow
• Orderwire Signal Flow
In this section we will cover the DAR Modem path variant:

1. Transmit Signal Flow
2. Receive Signal Flow
3. Orderwire Signal Flow

Student Studyguide
DAR Path Variant-Transmit Signal Flow
Variant-Transmit
Unit 3
Major Systems and Functions • Signal Entry Panel (SEP)
• Digital Group Multiplexing
Equipment
• Transmit Tropo Modem
2. Transmit Signal flow

a. Signal Entry Panels
407L Cable for analog subscriber loops
CX-11230 Cable for CDI groups
Field Wire, Phone wire for subscriber loops
b. Digital Group Multiplexing Equipment
Group Modems: process DTGs, 128-4608 KHz
Loop Group Multiplexers: process up to 16 analog and digital loops, 128-576 KHz
Trunk Group Multiplexer: Highest level multiplexer in the DAR equipment side.
Operates in Master timing only, up to 4608KHz.
c. Transmit Tropo Modem

Student Studyguide
DAR Path Variant – Patch Panel
Unit 3
d. IF Data Patch Panel
• Here one can patch each component of the Digital Group Multiplexing (DGM) gear
into the system.
• Everything has to be physically patched: Loop Group Multiplexers, Group Modems,
Trunk Group Multiplexer, Super Group, TED1 and TED2 are all patched here.
• The timing signal has to be patched in as well as the resync signal.

Student Studyguide
DAR Path Variant – Receive Signal Flow
Unit 3
Major Systems and Functions • IF Data Patch Panel
• Receive Tropo Modem
• DGM equipment
• Signal Entry Panels
3. Receive Signal flow

a. IF Data Patch Panel
b. Receive Tropo Modem
c. DGM equipment
Highest Data rate has to be unencrypted
Patched to Group 1 of TGM
Frame format compatible with TGM
d. Signal Entry Panels
Supporting info:
• The receive DAR path differs first at the IF Data Patch Panel.
• U-Links are installed in bottom 2 jacks, RX1-RX4

Student Studyguide DAR Path Variant – Orderwire Signal
Flow
Unit 3
Major Systems and Functions DVOW to DAR Orderwire patch
4. Orderwire Signal flow

a. DVOW to DAR ORDERWIRE patch
• That connects the transmit and receive orderwire path for the DAR Modem
• The rest of the orderwire path is the same as for the CS6716 Modem
Supporting info:
Patch DVOW connector to DAR ORDERWIRE on the IF Data Patch panel

Student Studyguide
DAR Modem Path Variant Review
Unit 3
Major Systems and Functions Pick the correct definition for the term DTG.
a. Digitally Timed Group

b. Data Test Group
c. Diphase Transmit Group
d. Digital Test Group
Match the following items.
LGM Digital and analog subscriber loops

TGM Process DTGs, performs signal conversion
GM Operates in master timing only
57. Pick the correct definition for the term DTG.

a. Digitally Timed Group
b. Data Test Group
c. Diphase Transmit Group
d. Digital Test Group
59. Match the following items.

a. LGM Digital and analog subscriber loops
b. TGM Process DTGs, performs signal conversion
c. GM Operates in master timing only

Student Studyguide
Questions?
Unit 3
SUMMARY:
1. During this lesson, you were given an overview of the mission data signal flow
through the AN/TRC-170(V)3. We covered each component that the user mission
data signal passes through and what it does to/for the signal. We covered the transmit
signal path, receive signal path, orderwire signal path and DAR Modem Variant signal
path for the AN/TRC-170(V)3 Digital Troposcatter Communications System.
2. Ask the instructor questions to clarify any misunderstandings.
THE END

Student Studyguide
AN/TRC-170(V)3
Unit 4
Operations
NOTE: Show slide #1
Unit 4
Operations
TITLE: Operations
Action:
The student will be able to describe and demonstrate the power-up, setup, and
normal operation of each system component of the AN/TRC-170(V)3 Digital
Troposcatter Communications System.
Conditions:
The student will be given informal lecture and demonstrations on the power-up,
setup, and normal operation of each system component of the AN/TRC-170(V)3
Standard:
The student will be able to correctly describe the key concepts of the power-up,
setup, and normal operation and to demonstrate the correct power-up, setup, and
normal operation of each system component of the AN/TRC-170(V)3.
equipment. Be aware of lift hazards, observe safety regulations
RISK ASSESSMENT:
Medium to High
Communication System AN/TRC-170(V)3, Powerpoint Presentation “Unit4”,
1 and AN/TRC-170(V)3 Student Studyguide
Informal Lecture, Demonstration and Performance
TIME:
40.0 Academic and Performance Hours

Student Studyguide
Operations
Unit 4
Operations Overview
• Safety
• Prime Power
NOTE: Show slide #2 • Shelter Turn-
Turn-On Procedures
• System Operation

Operations
INTRODUCTION:
Elapsed Time
During this period of instruction, you will be given a safety briefing specific to the AN/TRC-
170(V)3 and then an informal lecture and demonstrations of the power-up, setup, and
normal operation of each system component of the AN/TRC-170(V)3. Understanding
this information will provide the base which will enable the operator to become
proficient AN/TRC-170(V)3 operators.
Overview:
• Safety
• Prime Power
• Shelter Turn-On Procedures
• System Operation

Student Studyguide
Safety Concerns
Unit 4
Operations • High Voltage
• Radiation Hazards
• Electro Static Discharge (ESD)
NOTE: Show slide #3 • Heavy Equipment
• Hazardous Materials
• Hearing Loss
• Training required

Operations
BODY:
A. Safety:
• Safety is a vital part of this training since this equipment operates using high
voltage and emits radiation.
• Part of safety is understanding the risks of electrostatic discharge, moving heavy
equipment hazardous materials and hearing loss, which is why special training is
required.
Topics:
• High Voltage
• Radiation Hazards
• Electro Static Discharge (ESD)
• Heavy Equipment
• Hearing Loss
• Training required

Student Studyguide
Personnel Hazards
Unit 4
Operations These hazards can cause serious injury or
death to personnel:
NOTE: Show slide #4 • High Voltage

• Radiation
• High Voltage sources

Operations
Before working on or around energized electrical equipment such as the AN/TRC-170(V)3

van, a safety briefing discussing potential hazards and methods of controlling those
hazards is required.
1. Personnel Hazards:
• These are hazards that can cause death or serious injury to personnel.
• It is everyone’s responsibility to stop any potential personnel hazard from
occurring during this class.
• Safety training is required to work on and around electrical equipment.
• Refer to the safety manager for specifics.
a. High Voltage:
Power cables, generators, power distribution panels and power supplies are the
most common sources of high voltage present around the AN/TRC-170(V)3.
• Trained safety observer present
• Remove watches, rings and jewelry

Student Studyguide
Radiation Hazards
Unit 4
• HPA
Operations • Open waveguide ports (located
on rear of shelter near door)
590 ft
High Power
Tropo
NOTE: Show slide #5 418 ft
(1KW)
Low Power
Tropo (500 w)
• Antenna
43 ft
• Radiation Hazard Zone Los Mode
(0.4 w)
~20 ft

Operations
b. Radiation Hazards:
• HPA
• Open waveguide ports (found on either side of shelter door (rear of HMMWV))
• Antenna
CAUTION: Do not transmit with open waveguide ports or with someone directly in front of the
antenna.
NOTE: Waveguide ports and antennas are the most common sources of RF energy for this class.
c. Radiation Hazard Zone (down range)

• Be aware of radiation hazard zone.
• The eyes are particularly vulnerable to RF energy in the microwave range, and prolonged
exposure to microwaves energy can lead to cataracts.

Student Studyguide
Radiation Hazard Zone
Unit 4
Operations
NOTE: Show slide #6

Operations
Here is the Radiation Hazard Zone for the AN/TRC-170 using the QRA.
Please note the following features:
1. The RF Hazard Zone is diagramed out using a zero degree takeoff angle.
2. The RF Hazard Zone is 8.5’ off the ground, it doesn’t extend down; however, it is
required to rope off the RF Hazard area at ground level.
3. The RF Hazard area begins 8.5’ from the ground and extends 7’ up. It is a 7’ diameter
circle extending out of the QRA.
Remember, this is not practical since the antenna will usually be set at a positive take off angle.
Assuming you are on a flat earth plane, a positive takeoff angle will result in the RF Hazard
zone being higher above ground as you go down range from the antenna. A negative takeoff
angle will result in the RF Hazard zone being lower to the ground as you go down range from
the antenna.
Note: A periodic radiation safety check will be conducted at each site.

Student Studyguide
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)
Unit 4
Operations Hazards to equipment
• Damages and/or destroys
electronic components
NOTE: Show slide #7
Precautions
• Electrostatic Wrist Strap
• Use Electrostatic Discharge Bag to
transport electronic equipment

Operations
Electro-Static Discharge (ESD):

• Hazards to equipment
• Damages and/or destroys electronic components
• Precautions
• Electrostatic Wrist Strap
• Use Electrostatic Discharge Bag to transport electronic equipment

Student Studyguide
Heavy Equipment
Unit 4
Operations • Items over 35 lbs require 2 man lift
• Gloves and hardhats required for set-
set-up /
breakdown
NOTE: Show slide #8

Operations
c. Heavy Equipment:
• Set-up and tear down of the Quick Reaction Antenna is the most common source of
heavy equipment hazards.
• Items over 35 Lbs require 2 man lift
• Gloves and hardhats required for set-up / teardown
Remember:
Lift correctly by bending knees and keeping back straight!

Student Studyguide
Hazardous Materials
Unit 4
Operations Hazardous Materials
• Flammable – Fuel, Solvents, Paints
• Corrosive – Fuel, Battery Acid
NOTE: Show slide #9 • Reactive – Power Supplies
• Magnetic – HPA Klystron
• Compressed Gas – Fire Extinguishers

Operations
• Be aware of the hazardous materials and substances encountered during normal day-to-day
operation and maintenance of this radio system.
• Hazardous materials training is also required prior to working on or around hazardous
materials. Refer to the training manager for specifics.
• Hazardous Materials:
• Flammable – Fuel, Solvents, Paints
• Corrosive – Fuel, Battery Acid
• Reactive – Power Supplies
• Magnetic – HPA Klystron
•As part of the equipment check-out and maintenance, the Klystron tube
has to be checked for radiation or leakage, etc. every 3 years.
• Compressed Gas – Fire Extinguishers

Student Studyguide
Hearing Loss
Unit 4
Operations Use Hearing Protection
• Prevent hearing loss due to noise and other
environmental factors
Remember:
Remember:
Long duration and repeated exposure causes the damage.

Operations
Hearing Loss
Prevent hearing loss due to noise and other environmental factors when working in a
Hazardous Noise Environment.
• Use Ear Protection when near Hazardous Noise sources such as motor generators,
ECUs and pionjars.
Remember:
Long duration and repeated exposure causes the damage.
NOISE EXPOSURE TIME LIMITATIONS (unprotected)

Noise Level Exposure Limits
90 dBA 8 hrs
95 dBA 4 hrs
100 dBA 2 hours
105 dBA 1 hour
110 dBA 30 minutes
115 dBA 15 minutes
120 dBA 8 minutes
125 dBA 4 minutes
130 dBA 2 minutes
SOME EXAMPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE LEVELS

Noise Level Example
130 dBA pionjar, jackhammer
120 dBA Ambulance siren, Thunder clap
115 dBA Sandblasting
110 dBA Woodworking shop
100 dBA Pneumatic drill, Chainsaw
90 dBA Lawn mower, generator, 2 ½ ton truck engine

Student Studyguide
Training Recommended
Unit 4
Operations • Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
• First Aid

Operations
Specific Army provided Safety Training is recommended before working on energized electrical
circuits or other AN/TRC-170(V)3 equipment.
1. CPR training
2. First Aid
3. Hazardous Materials
True or False. The Class Leader is responsible for monitoring all potential safety violations.
Pick the correct statement.
a. Prolonged exposure to RF energy can lead to cataracts.

b. A trained safety observer is not required to be present when working on equipment.
c. An open waveguide port is an example of a high voltage hazard.
d. Items weighing 25 lbs require a two man lift.

Student Studyguide
Prime Power
Unit 4
Operations Voltage
• 120/208 VAC
Phase
• 3-Phase, 5-
5-wire
Frequency
• 60 Hz for CONUS
• 50 Hz for OCONUS
Load
• 10 kW without Environmental Control Unit (ECU)
• 15 kW with ECU

Operations
Prime Power: External power source that provides electrical power to the AN/TRC-170(V)3 radio
system.
We will discuss the frequency and voltage required to operate the radio system.
Always check the power requirements for the radio system prior to connecting power.
1. Voltage: This is the operating voltage for the AN/TRC-170(V)3.

120 / 208 VAC
2. Phase
3-Phase, 5-wire
3. Frequency:
The AN/TRC-170 would originally run on 400, 60, or 50 Hz.
With the upgraded modem, it runs on 50 or 60 Hz only!
60 Hz for CONUS
50 Hz for OCONUS
4. Load:
10 kW without Environmental Control Unit (ECU)
15 kW with ECU
Note: Check with power production personnel if there is any doubt a generator can handle the
load of a AN/TRC-170(V)3, with and without the Environmental Control Unit (ECU)
connected.

Student Studyguide
Initial Turn On Procedures
Unit 4
Operations Prime Power Application
• Shelter Ground connection
• Appropriate Ground
connected to power entry
panel
NOTE: Show slide #13 • Primary Power Source
• Connected to shelter but not
turned on
• Shelter Air Vents Opened
• Exterior Circuit Breakers (CB)
OFF

Operations
C. Initial Turn On Procedures: Follow these steps in order:

1. Prime Power Application
a. Shelter Ground connection
• Appropriate Ground connected to power entry panel
• Signal Entry Panel (SEP) grounded
b. Primary Power Source
• Connected to shelter but not turned on
c. Shelter Air Vents Opened
d. Exterior Circuit Breakers (CB) OFF

Student Studyguide
Initial Turn On Procedures
Unit 4
• Interior Power Distribution Panel CBs OFF
• Rack Mounted Power Switches OFF
NOTE: Show slide #14 • Primary Power Source ON
• Check Frequency, 50 / 60 Hz

Operations
e. Interior power distribution panel CBs off

f. Rack Mounted Power Switches OFF
g. Primary Power Source ON:
Turn on generator and check the output frequency at the generator itself. Use
frequency meter on the generator.
• Check Frequency, 50 / 60 Hz
Note: Check interior power distribution panel CBs off twice.

Student Studyguide
Initial Turn On Procedures (cont.)
Unit 4
• Exterior Main & Interior Main CBs ON
• Light CB ON
• Set Light Interlock Override switch to Override
NOTE: Show slide #15 • Voltage of each phase should be 120 +/-+/- 12 VAC
CAUTION! Voltage of each phase must

agree within +/-
+/-5 VAC. Do not continue
if the voltages or frequency is out of
tolerance.

Operations
h. Exterior Main & Interior Main CBs ON:

• The Exterior Main CB is on the Exterior power distribution panel and the Interior
Main is on the inside of the shelter, on the Main Power Distribution Panel.
• Light CB ON:
• Interior lights will come on now if Interlock Switch is already in the over ride
position and the light fixture on / off switches are in the on position.
• If lights do not come on, continue to next step, if they do come on, skip the next
step.
• Set Interlock Override switch to override:
• Interior lights should be on now.
• If not, check on/off toggle switch on light fixtures.
i. CAUTION!
• Voltage of each phase must agree within +/-5 VAC.
• Do not continue if the voltages or frequency is out of tolerance.

Student Studyguide
Unit 4
• Phase Select Switch to A
• Voltmeter reads 120 +/-
+/- 12
VAC
NOTE: Show slide #16 • Frequency Meter reads 60
+/-
+/- 1 Hz
• Repeat for Phases B & C
Frequency meter Voltmeter

Operations
j. Phase Select Switch to A

• Voltmeter reads 120 +/- 12 VAC
• Frequency Meter reads 60 +/- 1 Hz - CONUS
50 +/- 1 Hz - OCONUS
k. Repeat for Phases B & C
This is accomplished by switching the “Phase Select” to “B” then to “C”

Student Studyguide
Unit 4
• DGM CB OFF unless DAR is being used
• CS6716 CB ON
NOTE: Show slide #17 • LVPS 1/2 ON
• FAN PWR CONV CB ON
• AC to AC converter Input Power indicator on

Operations
l. DGM CB OFF unless DAR is being used.

• If DGM gear is being used, turn on rack power switches for components being
used.
• Example: LGM, GM and TGM power switches.
• DGM power indicators ON.
m. CS6716 CB ON
n. Low voltage power supply (LVPS) 1/2 circuit breaker ON: Check LVPS front panel
indicators on both LVPS. Power indicators ON.
o. FAN PWR CONV CB ON: Listen for the sound of the Blowers coming on when turning
on the Circuit Breaker. Look at the AC to AC Converter and make sure the Input
Power Indicator is ON.

Student Studyguide
Unit 4
• If HPA is being used, make sure Tropo Mode LED is On
and turn ON the HPA CB
• If HPA is not being used, make sure LOS Mode LED is
NOTE: Show slide #18 On and the HPA CB is OFF
• Dummy Load LED ON

Operations
p. If HPA is being used, make sure Tropo Mode LED is On and turn ON the HPA CB
q. If HPA is not being used, make sure LOS Mode LED is On and the HPA CB is OFF
r. Verify Dummy Load LED ON
s. If Voice Orderwire Alarm sounds, press and release the SUPPR / TEST pushbutton.
t. If Fault Summary Alarm on VOCU is on, press and release the reset pushbutton.

Student Studyguide
Hands -on/Performance
Hands-on/Performance
Unit 4
Operations
• Instructor demonstrates Initial Turn On
Procedure (Walk Through)
• Students will perform Initial Turn On Procedure

Operations

Student Studyguide
Questions?
Unit 4
Operations The operating voltage of the AN/TRC-170(V)3 is:
a. 220 / 440 VAC
b. 110 / 220 VAC
c. 120 / 208 VAC
d. 50 / 60 Hz
True or False:
Input voltage to the AN/TRC-170 must agree within +/- 8 VAC of each
phase.

Operations
The operating voltage of the AN/TRC-170(V)3 is:

a. 220 / 440 VAC
b. 110 / 220 VAC
c. 120 / 208 VAC
d. 50 / 60 Hz
True or False. Input voltage to the AN/TRC-170 must agree within +/- 8 VAC of each phase.

Student Studyguide
System Operation
Unit 4
Operations • VersaMux™
VersaMux™ 4000
• CS6716 Modem
• OAC-
OAC-170D
• HPA
• DVOW
• QRA

Operations
D. System Operation
Now the AN/TRC-170(V)3 is powered up and its time to discuss the normal operation
of each major component.
We will cover the following:

• VersaMux 4000
• IF / Data Patch Panel
• CS6716 Modem
• OAC170
• HPA
• DVOW
• QRA
We will finish this block with a section on link activation.

Student Studyguide
System Operation – VersaMux
VersaMux™™ 4000
Unit 4
Operations Power-
Power-Up and Basic Navigation
• Port Numbering Convention
• Front Panel Interface
NOTE: Show slide #22 Front
Rear

Operations
1. VersaMux™ 4000:
Refer to the VersaMux 4000 Operation and Installation Guide chapters 4 and 5 for more
information. This Operation Guide will be on-site. (Refer to in the Modem Upgrade Manual,
142F009901-1 “Installation Manual for AN/TRC-170 (V3/V5) Modem Upgrade”)
a. Power-Up and Basic Navigation:

• The VersaMux assigns ports numbers and refers to them by that number.
• The VersaMux interface is via the front panel keypads, or the terminal interface
(control port).
• During power-up the VersaMux 4000 performs a series of self-tests to check for
correct operation.
1) Port Numbering Convention:
• There are 5 ports on the VersaMux 4000: Four group ports and one
aggregate port.
• The 5 ports are numbered from left to right looking at the rear of the
VersaMux 4000 with ports 1-4 made up of a group of 4 connectors each and
port 5 being the aggregate port.
2) Front Panel Interface:
• This contains the display screen and 5 keypads.
• The LCD screen has 2 lines of up to 16 characters each. Main Menu screens
are displayed on the top line, with the bottom line blank.
• Up Arrow Key - Down Arrow Key - Left Arrow Key - Right Arrow Key - Enter
Key
• Main Menu Options are:
• Alarm-Status
• Configure
• Activate
• System-Info
• Statistics
• Diagnostics.
• Scroll through these with the Left / Right arrow keys.
• Sub Menu Options are selected by pushing the Down arrow key.
• Items can be Read Only or Informational or Read / Write (Edit)

Student Studyguide
System Operation – VersaMux 4000 (cont.)
Unit 4
Operations Planning the Timing
• Aggregate Timing – not used
• External Clock Input Timing – 10 MHz
NOTE: Show slide #23 • Port Timing – not used
• Internal Oscillator Timing – not used

Operations
b. Planning the Timing:

The VersaMux 4000 can accept timing from one of the following choices:
1) Aggregate Timing (NRZ Interface): The VersaMux 4000 recovers the master clock
from the transmission uplink via the Aggregate Interface.
2) External Clock Input Timing: The VersaMux 4000 can accept an external clock
reference such as from a GPS or station clock. This is the only configuration used.
The VersaMux 4000 receives an external 10 MHz clock from the Rubidium
Standard coming from the OAC-170D. This is connected via the external clock
ref bnc connector on rear of VersaMux 4000.
3) Port Timing: The VersaMux 4000 can also accept timing from any of its group ports.
4) Internal Oscillator Timing: The VersaMux 4000 can generate its own timing source if
required.

Student Studyguide
Unit 4
Operations Operating Instructions
• Main Menu
• Terminal Interface (optional)
NOTE: Show slide #24 • Front Panel Interface (used)

Operations
c. Operating Instructions
1) Main Menu:
• Operating instructions are entered by using the keypads and LCD display.
• Configure the VersaMux 4000 using the Front Panel Interface.

Student Studyguide
Unit 4
• Alarm-
Alarm-Status

Operations
2) Alarm-Status:
• Alarm status is monitored from the Alarm-Status selection of the main menu.
• For specific alarm codes, refer to page 5-5 of VersaMux 4000 manual, contained as
part of Manual No. 142F009900-1.
• Scroll down through the active alarms by using the Up and Down arrow keys.

Student Studyguide
Unit 4
• Configure
NOTE: Show slide #26 - System
- Offline
- Active
- CAU
- Management

Operations
3) Configure: Enter configure parameters via the Configure key on the main menu.
Options are:
• Select System parameters for:

• Clock Reference (Clk-Ref)
• External Clock type (Ext-Clk-Type)
• Front Panel lighting brightness level (FP-Lighting)
Offline:
• Allows programming the offline configuration without disturbing the online
configuration.
• Once done, it can be placed online by using the Activate parameter.
• The parameters can be set for the following parameters:
• Aggregate
• Port-1
• Port-2
• Port-3
• Port-4
• Copy-Configuration
• Active:
• Allows checking the online configuration.
• Will not allow editing any settings in this mode.
• CAU:
• Crypto Ancillary Unit parameter displays sub-menu parameters and their
values.
• KG-Resync
• Resync-Delay
• Management:
• Check factory settings (not used by operators)

Student Studyguide
Unit 4
• Activate
• No
NOTE: Show slide #27 • Offline
• Undo

Operations
4) Activate:
• This parameter allows the operator to make the “Offline” or “Undo“ configuration the
active one.
• Select the configuration to make active by selecting the Activate Configuration Option:
• No:
• Selecting this option to return to the Activate menu without making any
changes.
• Offline:
• Selecting this option to activate the offline configuration.
• Undo:
• Places he configuration being taken offline as the Undo configuration.
• Activate the Undo option to reinstate the selection as an active option.

Student Studyguide
Unit 4
• System-
System-Info
• Conditions
NOTE: Show slide #28 • Inventory

Operations
5) System-Info:
Sub-menu contains the following options:
• Conditions:
• Contains system conditions and internal switch settings
• Inventory:
• Contains an inventory of card types, hardware and revisions

Student Studyguide
Unit 4
• Statistics
• Alarm-
Alarm-Stats
NOTE: Show slide #29 • Aggregate Stats
• Bandwidth Stats

Operations
6) Statistics: Displays sub-menu of

• Alarm-Stats: Displays a list of the alarms, and the number of occurrences of each, that
have occurred since the last reset. In addition, this item enables the operator to reset
the alarm statistics.
• Aggregate Stats: Displays the number of frame losses, the number of frames
transmitted, and the number of frames received. In addition, this item enables the
operator to reset the alarm statistics.
• Bandwidth Stats: Displays the overall bandwidth that includes; Aggregate bandwidth,
Total bandwidth utilized (ports + overhead), Spare bandwidth, Overhead bandwidth,
Port-1 bandwidth, Port-2 bandwidth, Port-4 bandwidth and Port 5 bandwidth.
Review
The timing configuration used for the VersaMux 4000 is ___

a. External Clock
b. Port Timing
c. Internal Oscillator Timing
d. Aggregate Timing

Student Studyguide
System Operation – IF Data Patch Panel
Unit 4
Operations Normal operation U-Link
• IF
• DATA

Operations
2. IF Data Patch Panel:

• For normal operation, U-Links, also known as looping plugs, must be installed.
• Data patches are NOT installed
a. IF:
Contains IF jacks for TX and RX to and from Up and down-converters and IF
Loop panel
b. Data:
Contains M & C ports, Ethernet connections, DVOW, TED

Student Studyguide
System Operation – CS6716 Modem
Unit 4
Operations Front Panel
Status Alarm
LEDs LEDs Keypad Display

Operations
• LEDs,
• Status
• Alarms
• Keypad
• Display
1. The Status LEDs are Online: if the modem is online and functioning properly
2. Data Traffic: if there is traffic on the modem
3. RX Sync: If the receiver is locked to the RF signal
4. Power Control On: ALPC is active

Student Studyguide
System Operation – CS6716 Modem
Unit 4
Operations Power-
Power-Up Procedure
• Verify CS6716 U-
U-links installed in correct position
• Remove any digital data patch cables
NOTE: Show slide #32 • Verify 10MHz oscillator
• Modem performs diagnostics and calibration

Operations
3. CS6716 Modem
a. Power-Up Initial Procedure
• Verify U-links installed for CS6716
• Remove any digital data patch cables
b. Power-Up Procedure
• At AC Distribution panel, switch breaker labeled “CS6716” to ON
• Verify 10 MHz oscillator
• Modem automatically performs diagnostics and AGC calibration

Student Studyguide
System Operation – CS6716 Modem (cont.)
Unit 4
Operations Internal IF Loop
• Verifies correct operation of the modem
• Modem synchronizes
NOTE: Show slide #33 • RX SYNC LED (green) illuminates
• MAJOR ALARM (red) extinguished

Operations
c. Internal IF Loop:
• Verifies correct operation of modem quickly, without external equipment.
• From top level menu, select DIAG, then LOOPBACK, then LOCAL IF.
• Modem synchronizes
• RX SYNC LED (green) illuminates
• MAJOR ALARM (red) extinguished

Student Studyguide
System Operation –
Hands-
-on/Performance Check Point
Hands
Unit 4
Operations • Instructors demonstrate Pre-
Pre-Power-
Power-Up, Power-
Power-
up, and Internal IF Loop
• Students perform Pre-
Pre-Power-
Power-Up, Power-
Power-up, and
NOTE: Show slide #34 Internal IF Loop

Operations

Student Studyguide
Initial Upgrade Configuration
Unit 4
Operations Initial Modem Configuration
• Modem is shipped pre-
pre-configured with an
aggregate data rate of 2 Mbps
NOTE: Show slide #35 • The VersaMux™
VersaMux™ 4000 is configured for Port 1-
1-
relay mode and a 2 Mbps aggregate data rate

Operations
d. Initial Modem Configuration

• Modem is shipped pre-configured with an aggregate data rate of 2 Mbps.
• The VersaMux™ 4000 is configured for Port 1-relay mode and a 2 Mbps
aggregate data rate.

Student Studyguide
Initial Upgrade Configuration –
CS6716 Modem
Unit 4
Operations Default Configuration
• Starting point for initial link acquisition
• Provides maximum receive sensitivity
NOTE: Show slide #36 • To select default configuration:
1. Press any key from Opening Screen (to display MAIN MENU)
2. From the MAIN MENU, select ON/OFFLINE, press ENT
• Select OFFLINE, press ENT then press CLR
3. From the MAIN MENU, select CONFIG, press ENT
• Select DEFAULT, press ENT, press ENT, then press CLR
4. From the MAIN MENU, select ON/OFFLINE, press ENT
• Select ONLINE, press ENT, then press CLR

Operations
e. Default Configuration
• Starting point for initial link acquisition

• Provides maximum receive sensitivity
• To select default configuration:
• Press any key from Opening Screen
• From the Main Menu, select ON/OFFLINE, press ENT
• Select OFFLINE, press ENT then press CLR
• From the Main Menu, select CONFIG, press ENT
• Select DEFAULT, press ENT, press ENT, then press CLR
• From the Main Menu, select ON/OFFLINE, press ENT
• Select ONLINE, press ENT, then press CLR

Student Studyguide
CS6716 Modem (cont.)
Unit 4
Operations
Default Configuration Table
System Control Setting
Rate (DATA CH RATE) 2 Mb/s

Service Channel #1 Rate 16 Kb/s

Loopback Normal
Adaptive Link Power Control (ALPC) OFF
Forward Error Correction (FEC) ON
Bit Error Rate Tester (BERT) ON

Operations
Review Default Configuration settings.
Rate 2Mb/s
Loopback Normal
Adaptive Link Power Control OFF
Forward Error Correction ON
Bit Error Rate Tester ON

Student Studyguide
Hands- -on/Performance Check Point
Hands
Unit 4
Operations CS6716 Modem Default Configuration
• Instructor demonstrates the procedure
• Students perform the procedure

Operations

Student Studyguide
Review and Questions
Unit 4
Operations Review
True or False.
The VersaMux 4000 can accept a timing input from a GPS system.
NOTE: Show slide #39 True or False.

The VersaMux 4000 can accept timing from any of its group ports.

Operations
True or False. The VersaMux 4000 can accept a timing input from a GPS system.
True or False. The VersaMux 4000 can accept timing from any of its group ports.

Student Studyguide
System Operation
Unit 4
Operations • OAC-
OAC-170D

Operations
System Operation
In this section we will cover system operation of the OAC-170, the Troposcatter Radio
components and the High Power Amplifier.

Student Studyguide
System Operation – OAC -170D
OAC-170D
Unit 4
Operations Pre-
Pre-Power-
Power-Up Procedure
• Set FILTER SELECT switch to desired
bandwidth
NOTE: Show slide #41 • Set OSC SELECT to AUTO

Operations
4. OAC-170D
a. Pre-Power-Up Procedure
• Set FILTER SELECT switch to desired bandwidth
• Set OSC SELECT to AUTO

Student Studyguide
System Operation – OAC -170D (cont.)
OAC-170D
Unit 4
Operations Initial Power-
Power-Up
• Apply +48 Volts Direct Current
• ALARM LED Illuminates
NOTE: Show slide #42 • Green means no faults
• Red means unit is in alarm condition
• Possible Alarm Conditions
• DC/DC converter failure
• Internal temperature above 149°
149° F
• OSC SELECT not in AUTO

Operations
b. Initial Power-Up
• Apply +48 Volts Direct Current
• ALARM LED Illuminates
• Green means no faults
• Red means unit is in alarm condition
• Possible alarm conditions
• DC/DC converter failure
• Internal temperature above 149F
• OSC SELECT not in AUTO

Student Studyguide
OAC-170D
Unit 4
Operations Initial Power-
Power-Up
• MAINT LED
• Flashes yellow at 1 second rate

Operations
Note where the MAINT LED is on the slide above.
The MAINT LED will flash yellow at a 1 second rate.

When the maintenance LED is flashing, output is disabled.

Student Studyguide
OAC-170D
Unit 4
Operations Rubidium Oscillator Warm-
Warm-Up
• 10 minute delay for oscillator warm-
warm-up
• Oscillator outputs checked at 1 minute intervals
NOTE: Show slide #44 • First oscillator to stabilize will switch online

Operations
c. Rubidium Oscillator Warm-Up

• 10 minute delay for oscillator warm-up
• Oscillator outputs checked at 1-minute intervals
• First oscillator to stabilize will switch online as long as it is in the Auto Mode

Student Studyguide
OAC-170D
Unit 4
Operations Normal Operation
• Power level of the six 10 MHz outputs 0 dBm ±1 dB
• Critical operation maintained during failure of 1 DC/DC
converter and/or 1 rubidium oscillator

Operations
e. Normal Operation
• Power level of the six 10 MHz outputs 0 dBm +/- -1 dB
• Critical operation maintained during failure of 1 DC/DC converter and/or 1
rubidium oscillator

Student Studyguide
System Operation – Troposcatter Radio
Unit 4
Operations Up-
Up-Converter
• Set for operating
frequency
NOTE: Show slide #46 Down-

Down-Converter
• Set for receive
frequency
Up-
Up-Converter Down-
Down-Converter

Operations
5. Troposcatter Radio
a. Up-Converter
• Set for operating frequency as directed
b. Down-Converter
• Set for receive frequency as directed
• Adjust Pre-Selectors
• Adjust Post Selectors
• Noise Test Switches OFF

Student Studyguide
Troposcatter Radio (cont.)
Unit 4
Receive
Operations Dual RF Synthesizer Operating
• Set transmit side to Phase Lock Loop Frequency
operating frequency
• Set Phase Lock Loop
circuit (PLL)
• Set receive side to
operating frequency
• Set PLL
Transmit PLL
Operating
Frequency

Operations
c. Dual RF Synthesizer
• Set transmit side to operating frequency and tune Phase Lock Loop (PLL) Circuit by
adjusting Tuning knob until meter is in the green area and summary fault is off.
• Set receive side to operating frequency and tune Phase Lock Loop Circuit by adjusting
Tuning knob until meter is in the green area and summary fault is off.

Student Studyguide
Hands-
-on/Performance Check Point
Hands
Unit 4
Operations
• Instructors will demonstrate up-
up-converter, down-
down-
converter, RF Synthesizer procedure
NOTE: Show slide #48 • Students will perform up-
up-converter, down-
down-
converter, RF Synthesizer procedure

Operations

Student Studyguide
Questions?
Unit 4
Operations True or False:
For normal operation, U-Links must be installed on the IF Data

Patch Panel.
NOTE: Show slide #49 Pick the incorrect statement about the OAC:
• The oscillator with the highest gain will switch to online

• First oscillator to stabilize will switch to online
• 10 minute delay for oscillator warm-up
• Oscillator outputs checked at 1 minute intervals

Operations
True or False: For normal operation, U-Links must be installed on the IF Data Patch Panel.
Pick the incorrect statement about the OAC.

a. The oscillator with the highest gain will switch to online
b. First oscillator to stabilize will switch to online
c. 10 minute delay for oscillator warm-up
d. Oscillator outputs checked at 1 minute intervals

Student Studyguide
System Operation – High Power Amplifier
Unit 4
Operations Waveguide Ports must be connected to one
of the following:
• Antenna
NOTE: Show slide #50 • Internal Dummy Load
• External Dummy Load
Warning – Never have open waveguide ports.

Open waveguide ports expose personnel to
radiation.

Operations
d. HPA Setup
• In this section we will go over HPA tuning procedures.
• In the System End-to-End block we will put everything we have learned together.
• HPA Tuning checklist handout
Warning – Never have open waveguide ports. Open waveguide ports expose personnel to
radiation

Student Studyguide
(cont.)
Unit 4
Operations • CONTROL-
CONTROL-BEAM BITE Compartment
VOLTAGE Toggle
switch OFF
• HPA Circuit Breaker Control Beam
NOTE: Show slide #51 ON Voltage Toggle
Switch

Operations
Make sure this switch is OFF prior to turning on the HPA power circuit breaker.
• Make sure the CONTROL-BEAM VOLTAGE Toggle switch is OFF prior to turning on the
HPA power circuit breaker.
• BITE compartment contains the alarm matrix panel for HPA

Student Studyguide
(cont.)
Unit 4
Operations HPA Tuning Compartment
• Match Serial Numbers
• Tune to nearest specified frequency
NOTE: Show slide #52 • Turn TUNERS 1-1-5 to match CAV values 1-
1-5
Serial # Tuners

Operations
HPA Tuning Compartment

Match Serial Numbers
Tune to nearest specified frequency
Turn TUNERS 1-5 to match CAV values 1-5

Student Studyguide
(cont.)
Unit 4
Operations HPA Tuning Bandpass Filter Dial Compression Calibration Control
Serial #
Compartment CAV Tuners
• Turn Bandpass
Filter Dial to
NOTE: Show slide #53 specified transmit
frequency
• Turn Drive Adjust
control fully CW
Drive Adjust Control

Operations
HPA Tuning Compartment

• Turn Bandpass Filter Dial to specified transmit frequency
• Drive Adjust control fully CW
Instruction Notes:
• Dial up the number, do not dial down to the number.
• If tuned past the number, go down one complete turn, then back up to the desired
setting.
• Never pass zero on the Klystron.

Student Studyguide
High Power Amplifier Activation
Unit 4
Operations Check Mode “FIL”
FIL” LED is lit
• Move KLYSTRON meter select switch to BEAM X 1K
• BITE compartment panel set RANGE to HI or LO
MODE “FIL”
FIL” LED
HI or LO
Operations
Before activating the HPA, wait for the filament to warm up.
This is done once the “FIL” LED is lit, which takes approximately 5 minutes.
• Note the location of this LED.

• Now turn switch to Beam X 1K.
• The BITE compartment is located at the top left of the HPA cabinet.
• The RANGE toggle switch in the BITE compartment is set for either HI or LO.
Instructor Note:
If the operator attempts to turn on the unit before 5 minutes, the unit will fault out
and the five-minute waiting period will re-start.

Student Studyguide
(cont.)
Unit 4
Operations CONTROL-
CONTROL-BEAM VOLTAGE switch ON
• KLYSTRON meter observe 6 KV ± 0.1 KV (LO),
or 7.6 KV ± 0.1 KV (HI)
Klystron Meter
Control Beam
Voltage Switch

Operations
• Make sure drive adjust is fully attenuated before proceeding.

• Turn the Control Beam Voltage switch to ON.
• Then rotate Klystron switch to Beam X 1K.
• Observe 6 KV +/- .1 KV in the LO setting, or observe 7.6 KV +/- .1 KV in the HI setting.

Student Studyguide
(cont.)
Unit 4
Operations • RF INPUT meter select to DRIVE
RF INPUT
meter select

Operations
• Note the RF INPUT meter on the slide above.

• Rotate meter select to the DRIVE position.

Student Studyguide
(cont.)
Unit 4
Operations • RF OUTPUT-
OUTPUT-TROPO “REFLECTED PWR”
PWR” meter select
to KLYSTRON

Operations
• Note the RF OUTPUT TROPO REFLECTED PWR meter on the slide above.
• Rotate selector to KLYSTRON position.

Student Studyguide
(cont.)
Unit 4
• For LO beam voltage setting,
setting, turn DRIVE-
DRIVE-ADJUST control to
Operations obtain a reading of .2 kW on RF OUTPUT-
OUTPUT-TROPO “FORWARD
PWR”
PWR” meter.
• For HI beam voltage setting,
setting, turn DRIVE-
DRIVE-ADJUST control to
obtain a reading of 0.4 kW on RF OUTPUT-
OUTPUT-TROPO “FORWARD
NOTE: Show slide #58 PWR”
PWR” meter

Operations
• Note the Drive Adjust control on the slide above.

• Adjust this control for the appropriate drive level according to whether they are in the LO
power setting or the HI power setting.
• Observe the RF OUTPUT TROPO FORWARD PWR meter (shown on previous slide) while
adjusting the drive adjust control for the proper level.
• Note the RF OUTPUT TROPO FORWARD PWR meter on the previous slide.

Student Studyguide
(cont.)
Unit 4
Operations Hold DRIVE-
DRIVE-ADJUST/CALIBRATE switch in CALIBRATE,
and adjust compression calibration control to obtain DRIVE
meter reading in green area
Compression Calibration Control
Drive Meter & Calibrate Switch

Operations
• Note the gain compression control on the slide above, and also the DRIVE-
ADJUST/CALIBRATE toggle switch on the slide 2 views prior.
• Go briefly to that slide and note the toggle switch.
• Point out that this switch is spring loaded: Hold it in the calibrate position while adjusting the
gain compression adjust.

Student Studyguide
(cont.)
Unit 4
Operations • Set KLYSTRON meter select switch to BODY X 0.01
• Meter should not read above 50 milliamps (5 on meter)
during the rest of this procedure

Operations
• Note the KLYSTRON meter on the slide above. Rotate the meter select switch to the BODY X
0.01 position.
• Meter should never read above 50 milli-amps during the rest of this procedure. A reading
greater than 50 means that the unit is improperly tuned.

Student Studyguide
(cont.)
Unit 4
Operations Hold DRIVE-
DRIVE-ADJUST/CALIBRATE switch at ADJUST while
adjusting Drive Adjust control to obtain a reading in the
green area, or 5 (50 mA) on the KLYSTRON meter,
whichever occurs first

Operations
Hold DRIVE-ADJUST/CALIBRATE switch at ADJUST while adjusting Drive Adjust control to

obtain a reading in the green area, or 5 on the KLYSTRON meter, whichever occurs first

Student Studyguide
Hands On / Performance Check Point
Unit 4
Operations • Instructor demonstrate HPA Tuning procedure.
• Students perform HPA Tuning procedure.

Operations

Student Studyguide
Questions?
Unit 4
Operations

Operations
Time for questions

Student Studyguide
System Operation
Unit 4
Operations • Digital Voice Orderwire
• Link Activation

Operations
During this portion of the training we will be covering the DVOW, the QRA, and Link Activation
procedures.

Student Studyguide
System Operation – Digital Voice Orderwire
Unit 4
Operations Loading Procedure for KY-
KY-58
• Power switch on
• Mode switch to zero all
• Fill device (KYK-
(KYK-13) with key attached to panel
NOTE: Show slide #65 • Handset: noise only
• Mode switch to load
• KYK-
KYK-13 turned ON, key selected
• Handset Push-
Push-to-
to-Talk
• Handset: no noise
• Handset Push-
Push-to-
to-Talk
• Turn off and remove KYK-
KYK-13
• KY-
KY-58 mode switch to crypto

Operations
6. Digital Voice Orderwire:

• The following is for informational purposes only.
• This class will not have access to crypto keys for crypto gear.
a. KY-58
• Power switch on
• Mode switch to zero all
• Fill device (KYK-13) with key attached to panel
• Handset : noise only
• Mode switch to load
• KYK-13 turned ON, key selected
• Handset Push-to-Talk
• Handset: no noise
• Handset Push-to-Talk
• Turn off and remove KYK-13
• KY-58 mode switch to crypto

Student Studyguide
Quick Reaction Antenna (QRA)
Unit 4
Operations • Site Preparation
• Antenna Erection
• Lightning Protection Assembly (LPA) Erection
NOTE: Show slide #66 Procedure

Operations
7. Quick Reaction Antenna:

• The normal operation of the QRA begins with site preparation.
• This involves the proper trailer positioning and then proper shelter positioning.
• After we learn how to do this we will learn about trailer orientation and antenna
erection procedures.
• The key point to remember is that if the antenna isn’t positioned correctly, the
radio link will not work!
• Hard Hats and gloves must be worn when setting up or tearing down the antenna
system.
• Some items are heavy and require 2 man lifting.
• Watch out for pinch points when removing pins from items that swing out when
unpinned.
• Care must also be taken when jacking up the antenna.
• Make sure that antenna jackscrew is turned in the proper direction as damage
to the trailer can occur if the jackscrew is turned in the wrong direction.
• Lightning Protection Assembly (LPA) Erection Procedure
We will be reviewing the setup procedures for the QRA. Later on, in System End-to-End, we will
actually setup the equipment.

Student Studyguide
System Operation – Quick Reaction
Antenna (cont.)
Unit 4
Operations Site Preparation
• Trailer Siting
Remove Pocket Compass
from Accessory case
NOTE: Show slide #67 Mark rough center position
for trailer
Mark transmission azimuth
direction
Mark trailer tongue position

Operations
Site Preparation
• Trailer Siting
• Remove Pocket Compass from Accessory case in QRA
• Mark rough Center position for trailer
• Mark transmission azimuth direction
• Mark trailer tongue position

Student Studyguide
Antenna (cont.)
Unit 4
• Shelter Siting
Position Shelter
NOTE: Show slide #68 Initial Trailer Setup

Operations
a. Review the Site Preparation and Initial Trailer setup checklists.

b. Antenna Erection

Student Studyguide
Antenna (cont.)
Unit 4
• Trailer Orientation
Position Trailer using tow vehicle
Dead Leg
NOTE: Show slide #69 Disconnect trailer
Make final alignments to trailer and set brakes
Installation of Baseplates

Operations
Make sure personnel have safety equipment on prior to actually performing these steps.
Site Preparation:
• Trailer Orientation
• Position Trailer using tow vehicle
• Pin Dead Leg in place before disconnecting from tow vehicle
• Disconnect trailer from tow vehicle
• Make final alignments to trailer and set brakes

Student Studyguide
Antenna (cont.)
Unit 4
• Undo Tarpaulin tiedowns
• Lift Endflaps
NOTE: Show slide #70 • Release Baseplate fasteners
• Remove jack struts

Operations
(Site Preparation Continued)
• Undo Tarpaulin tiedowns

• Lift Endflaps
• Release Baseplate fasteners
• Remove jack struts

Student Studyguide
Antenna (cont.)
Unit 4
• Position jack struts and Baseplates
• Unpin jacks
NOTE: Show slide #71 • Attach jack struts and captive pins
• Position Baseplates

Operations
WARNING: Caution needs to be used when unpinning the jacks as they will swing out and down
when unpinned from mounting bracket.
• Position Jack Struts and Baseplates

• Unpin Jacks
• Attach jack struts and captive pins
• Position Baseplates

Student Studyguide
Antenna (cont.)
Unit 4
• Adjust Handcrank until
jack ball is seated
• Adjust Handcranks to
NOTE: Show slide #72 raise trailer off ground

Operations
• Remove handcranks from tailgates

• Adjust handcrank until jack ball is seated
• Adjust handcranks to raise trailer off ground

Student Studyguide
Antenna (cont.)
Unit 4
Operations Antenna Erection
• Trailer Leveling
• Removal of Trailer Tarpaulin
NOTE: Show slide #73 • Unloading of Feedhorns and Spars

Operations
Antenna Erection
Make sure trailer is leveled properly before standing on trailer.

• Level trailer using sight bubbles (2) mounted on trailer
• Remove trailer tarpaulin and tarp supports
• Unload Feedhorns and Spars

Student Studyguide
Antenna (cont.)
Unit 4
• Unloading Reflectors

Operations
• Handle Reflectors with care.

• Do not drop reflectors when unloading them.
• Do not place them face down on the ground.

Student Studyguide
Antenna (cont.)
Unit 4
Operations • Attachment of Forward
and Rear Extension
Tubes

Operations
Handle Extension tubes carefully.
Note mounting instructions in checklist and observe slide above.

• Attachment of Forward and Rear Extension Tubes

Student Studyguide
Antenna (cont.)
Unit 4
Operations • Attachment of Forward
and Rear Azimuth
Actuators
• Hand-
Hand-tight screws

Operations
• Handle Extension tubes with care as one end is heavier than the other.
• Line up alignment pins on extension tubes and insert carefully.
• Tighten retaining screws hand-tight only.

Student Studyguide
Antenna (cont.)
Unit 4

Operations
• Remove and Install Azimuth Actuators.

• Before raising the antenna, release the tie-down strut.

Student Studyguide
Antenna (cont.)
Unit 4
Operations • Attachment of Forward Reflector
• Attachment of Forward Feedhorn
• Attachment of Rear Reflector and AZ/El Sensor

Operations
• Carefully attach reflectors to mounting hubs as shown above.

• Attach Forward and Rear Feedhorns and AZ / EL Sensor on Rear Antenna

Student Studyguide
Antenna (cont.)
Unit 4
• Attachment of Rear
Feedhorn
• Attachment of
NOTE: Show slide #79 Messenger Cables
• Attachment of Antenna
Waveguide and Cables

Operations
Antenna Erection Continued

• Attach Rear Feedhorn
• Attach messenger cables
• Attach Antenna Waveguide and cables

Student Studyguide
Antenna (cont.)
Unit 4
• Anchor Deployment Procedure
• Antenna Erection Procedure
NOTE: Show slide #80 • Connection of Antenna to Shelter
• AZ/EL Mechanical Adjustment

Operations
Antenna Erection continued

• Make sure only one person turns jack to raise the antenna, turning it in the counter
clockwise direction.
• After being fully raised, engage pintle locks on folding arms.
• Connection of Antenna to Shelter
• AZ/EL Mechanical Adjustment

Student Studyguide
Hands-
-On Point, QRA Setup
Hands-On
Hands
Unit 4
Operations Instructor demonstrates QRA Setup
procedure.
Students perform QRA Setup procedure.

Operations

Student Studyguide
Antenna (cont.)
Unit 4
Operations Lightning Protection Assembly (LPA)
Erection Procedure
• Setting LPA Anchors
NOTE: Show slide #82 • LPA setup

Operations
Review Lightning Protection Assembly instructions.
• Refer to T.M. 11-5820-934-13-2-1, para 2-6.3.

• Pass out copies of LPA Setup Procedure.
• For this class we will not be setting up the Lightning Protection Antenna but we have included
a checklist for students to use.

Student Studyguide
System Operation – Link Activation
Procedure
Unit 4
Operations • Perform Shelter Setup Procedure
• Perform Shelter Grounding Procedure
• Perform Prime Power Application
NOTE: Show slide #83 • Power Up All Major Components

Operations
8. Link Activation Procedure:
Review link activation procedures.
HANDOUT: Shelter Setup and Grounding Procedures.
• Review Shelter Setup Procedure

• Review Shelter Grounding Procedure
• Review Prime Power Application
• Review Power Up of All Major Components
• 39H55M

Student Studyguide
Questions?
Unit 4
Operations

Operations
SUMMARY:
1. During this lesson you were given a safety briefing specific to the AN/TRC-170(V)3
and then informal lectures and demonstrations of the power-up, setup, and normal
operation of each system component of the AN/TRC-170(V)3 Digital Troposcatter
Communications System.
END

Student Studyguide
AN/TRC-170(V)3
Unit 5
Maintenance
NOTE: Show slide #1
Unit 5
Maintenance
TITLE: Maintenance
Action:
The student will be able to describe and demonstrate general preventive maintenance
functions and general troubleshooting, fault resolution, system monitoring and line
replaceable units for each area of the system for the AN/TRC-170(V)3 Digital Troposcatter
Communications System.
Conditions:
The student will be given informal lecture and demonstrations on the general preventive
maintenance functions and general troubleshooting, fault resolution, system monitoring and
line replaceable units for each area of the system for the AN/TRC-170(V)3
Standard:
The student will be able to correctly describe the key concepts of the general preventive
maintenance functions and general troubleshooting, fault resolution, system monitoring and
line replaceable units for each area of the system for the AN/TRC-170(V)3.
Be aware of the possibility of electrical shock when working with electronic equipment. Be
aware of lift hazards, observe safety regulations
RISK ASSESSMENT:
Medium to High
Communication System AN/TRC-170(V)3, PowerPoint Presentation “Unit 5”, Laptop and
Overhead Projector, TM 11-5820-934-13-2, CSI Manual 142F009900-1 and AN/TRC-
170(V)3 Student Studyguide
Informal Lecture, Demonstration and Performance
TIME: 16.0 Academic Hours
NOTES TO INSTRUCTOR:
1. Ensure all resources and references are present.
2. Observe and be aware of safety hazards

Student Studyguide
Maintenance
Unit 5
Maintenance Overview
• General preventive maintenance functions
• General troubleshooting
NOTE: Show slide #2
• Fault resolution
• Line replaceable units (LRUs) for each area of
the system
• General system monitoring

Maintenance
INTRODUCTION:
Elapsed Time
In this lesson we will cover general preventive maintenance functions for the AN/TRC-
170(V)3. Then we’ll cover the general troubleshooting, fault resolution, general
system monitoring, and line replaceable units for each area of the system.
Overview
• General preventive maintenance functions
• General troubleshooting
• Fault resolution
• Line replaceable units (LRUs) for each area of the system
• General system monitoring

Student Studyguide General Maintenance
Unit 5 • Cleaning
o General Housecleaning
Maintenance o Securing cables and equipment
NOTE: Show slide #3

Maintenance
BODY:
A General Maintenance
Maintenance procedures are divided into two categories: routine and corrective.
• Routine maintenance includes the cleaning of equipment and filters, checking
connectors to ensure they are tight, and inspecting for frayed or damaged cables.
• Routine maintenance also includes periodic maintenance inspections that check for the
proper operation of the equipment.
• Corrective maintenance is performed in response to an equipment alarm or interruption
of traffic.
1. Cleaning:
• General housecleaning of the equipment includes wiping off surfaces using a clean cloth
and a general cleaning agent.
• As part of this make sure all covers are in place and secured and any loose patch cables
are stored properly.
a. Air Filters:
• Dust and sand can clog the filters, restricting air flow, which could then cause
overheating.
• Filters must be removed, cleaned and or replaced if necessary.
• Refer to shelter diagrams to locate all filters.
• Filters must be cleaned more frequently in a dusty or a sandy environment.
• Exterior Inlet and Exhaust Filters:
• All exterior filters are secured with cross tip screws.
• Remove them and pull out the filters.
• Clean the filters by using compressed air or pressurized water.
• After drying reinstall the filters and secure.
• CS6716 Modem Filter
• The filter is accessed by loosening the front panel retaining screws to open the
panel.
• Remove the six screws the hold the front panel and put them in a safe
place.
• Clean and dry the filter.
• Replace the filter and use the six screws to secure it in place.
• Close and secure the front panel.

Student Studyguide
Maintenance – Cleaning
Unit 5
Maintenance • Air Filter
• Racks
• Component
NOTE: Show slide #4 Surfaces

Maintenance
a. Air Filters:
• Dust and sand can clog the filters, restricting air flow, which could then cause
overheating.
• Filters must be removed, cleaned and or replaced if necessary.
• Refer to shelter diagrams to locate all filters.
• Filters must be cleaned more frequently in a dusty or a sandy environment.
• Exterior Inlet and Exhaust Filters:
• All exterior filters are secured with cross tip screws.
• Remove them and pull out the filters.
• Clean the filters by using compressed air or pressurized water and let
dry.
• When dry, reinstall the filters and secure.
• CS6716 Modem Filter
• The filter is accessed by loosening the front panel retaining screws to open the
panel.
• Remove the six screws the hold the front panel and put them in a safe
place.
• Clean and dry the filter.
• Replace the filter and use the six screws to secure it in place.
• Close and secure the front panel.
b. Racks:
• Clean equipment racks with a clean cloth and a general cleaning agent (e.g.,
water).
c. Component Surfaces:
• Check all component surfaces looking for bent, damaged or otherwise
unserviceable areas.
• Ensure that switches, knobs and dials are in the proper working order.

Student Studyguide
Maintenance – Inspection
Unit 5
Maintenance • Physical Inspection
• Check for Broken or Damaged Cables,
NOTE: Show slide #5
Patches, Hardware
• Replace or repair as necessary
• Refer to PMCS for inspection intervals

Maintenance
2. Inspection:
Requires the following:
• Physically checking the equipment for problems
• Sliding equipment out of the rack shelves and checking the cables and connections in
back of the equipment for broken or damaged cables, patches, hardware, brackets,
etc.
• Replace or repair as necessary
• Refer to PMCS for inspection intervals

Student Studyguide
Physical Inspection - Waveclamp
Unit 5
Maintenance
Inspect the wave clamp
NOTE: Show slide #6

Maintenance

Student Studyguide
Physical Inspection – Waveguide Clamp
Unit 5
Maintenance
Waveguide
and QRA
NOTE: Show slide #7 connectors
separating due to
excessive
Waveguide
weight.

Maintenance

Student Studyguide
Physical Inspection – Waveguide Clamp
Unit 5
Maintenance
A nickel is added
NOTE: Show slide #8 to create the
tension needed to
compensate for the
separation.

Maintenance

Student Studyguide
Physical Inspection – TED Patches
Unit 5
Maintenance
TED Patch
NOTE: Show slide #9
IF/DATA Patch Panel Baseband or TED/DAR Patch

Panel

Maintenance

Student Studyguide
Physical Inspection – DAR Modem
Unit 5
Maintenance
DAR Modem

Maintenance

Student Studyguide
Maintenance – Performance Check Point
Unit 5
Maintenance • Instructors will demonstrate cleaning of exterior
air filter
• Students will perform cleaning of exterior air
NOTE: Show slide #11 filter

Maintenance
Hands-on
• Instructors will demonstrate cleaning of exterior air filter
• Students will perform cleaning of exterior air filter

Student Studyguide
Troubleshooting
Unit 5
Maintenance
• Refer to manuals
NOTE: Show slide #12 • Observe safety practices

Maintenance
B. Troubleshooting:
• Refer to Chapter 6 of TM 11-5820-934-13-2-1 and the CS6716 manuals for

specific troubleshooting and fault isolation procedures as well as fold-outs (FO).
• Remember to observe safety practices when working on or near electrical

equipment.

Student Studyguide
Fault Isolation
Unit 5
Maintenance

Maintenance
1. Fault Isolation:
• This class teaches general fault isolation and troubleshooting.
• For more information on this subject refer to Chapter 6, table 6-2, of TM 11-5820-
934-13-2-1.
• Troubleshooting is performed with the aid of the 7A2 Alarm Monitor and the BITE
circuitry.
• Faults are referred to the intermediate maintenance level when they cannot be
located using fault isolation.

Student Studyguide
Fault Isolation – HPA
Unit 5
Maintenance • Alarm Matrix
(CCA)
• Built In Test
NOTE: Show slide #14 Equipment (BITE)
Circuitry
Alarm Matrix

Maintenance
a. HPA:
Fault isolation of the HPA will center on the Alarm Matrix card and the BITE
Circuit. For specific information on fault isolation, refer to FO 58 in TM.
1. Alarm Matrix Card:

• This card identifies symptoms of major problems.
• For specific troubleshooting of the HPA refer to TM 11-5820-934-13-2-1,
Chapter 6, Table 6-2 for fault isolation and troubleshooting procedures.
This TM will be referred to in subsequent slides.
2. BITE Circuit:
• This will alert the operator to a fault condition in the HPA.

Student Studyguide
Fault Isolation – Troposcatter Up-Converter
Up-Converter
Unit 5
Maintenance • Summary Alarm LED
• BITE

Maintenance
b. Troposcatter Up-Converter:
Refer to FO 56 for fault isolation and troubleshooting.
Summary Alarm LED:
Lights when an alarm condition has been detected.

Student Studyguide Fault Isolation –
Troposcatter Down -Converter
Down-Converter
Unit 5
• BITE

Maintenance
c. Troposcatter Down-Converter:
• Refer to FO 59 for fault isolation information on the Down-Converter.
Summary Alarm LED:
Lights when an alarm condition has been detected.

Student Studyguide
Fault Isolation – Dual RF Synthesizer
Unit 5
• BITE

Maintenance
d. Dual RF Synthesizer:
• Refer to FO 57 for specific information on the Dual RF Synthesizer.
Summary Alarm LED:
Lights when an alarm condition has been detected in the Dual RF
Synthesizer.

Student Studyguide
Fault Isolation – DAR Modem
Unit 5
Maintenance
LED Fault Panel

Maintenance
e. DAR Modem:
• Fault LEDs on DAR Modem indicate transmit, receive, timing and over
temperature fault conditions.
• Refer to FOs 60,61,62 & 66 for fault isolation flowcharts on the Modulator.
• Refer to FOs 63,64,65 & 66 for fault isolation flowcharts on the Demodulator.

Student Studyguide
Fault Isolation – CS6716 Modem
Unit 5
Maintenance • Alarm Code
Displayed
• Use Front
NOTE: Show slide #19 Panel Interface
• Faulty LRUs
are hot
swappable

Maintenance
f. CS6716 Modem
• The CS6716 Modem Major and Minor Alarm LEDs are available on the CS6716
front panel to reflect the current alarm status
• Detailed status can be obtained via the front panel menu
• Alarm Code Displayed
• Use Front Panel Interface
• Faulty Line Replaceable Units (LRU) are hot swappable. Be sure to slide the
power switch on the PCB to the OFF position when hot swapping the cards.
Ensure the new card is OFF before replacing it. When card is in place, slide switch
to ON.

Student Studyguide Fault Isolation – CS6716 Modem
Monitor and Alarm Display
Unit 5
Maintenance

Maintenance
• Alarm Code Displayed

• A Major Alarm is issued when a fault is detected that could affect user data
traffic.
• An automatic switchover to the redundant modem will be initiated unless a
Major Alarm is already present on the redundant card set.
• A Minor Alarm is issued when a fault is detected that normally does not affect
mission (data channel) traffic and there is no automatic switchover on Minor
Alarms.
• Use Front Panel Interface
• Alarm detail can be obtained via the Modem front panel alarm menu.

Student Studyguide Fault Isolation – CS6716 Modem
Front Panel Operation
Unit 5
Maintenance Menu Option Description

Menu Sub-Menus
MONITOR SUMMARY, ALARMS, RSL, TEMP, AGC, TX APC, BERT, FAN
ON/OFFLINE Modem State: OFF LINE or ON LINE
CONFIG RATES, DATA CH, FEC, BERT, DEFAULT, ALPC
INFO CONFIGURATION INFORMATION
SWITCH AUTOMODE, SWITCH TO MODEM A/B , MANUAL MODE
MAINT CALIBRATION, VERSIONS
SETUP RXGAIN, DIVERSITY, MISC, FLOWCTL, CLKINV
DIAG LOOPBACKS, F.P. LED TEST, F.P. DISPLAY TEST

Maintenance
• Keypad and Display: using the Command/Control keypad ◄ or ► (arrow left or arrow
right) keys and viewing the display menu options allows interrogation to determine the
source and nature of the reported fault.
• Depending on the severity and nature of a reported alarm, the modem will:
• Continue operation.
• Continue operation under reduced capability.
• Switch to the redundant modem.
• Be unable to maintain communications.
• There are no user-replaceable components in the CS6716 Modem. Operator
actionable items are limited to the replacement of an LRU.
• When a fault occurs, corrective action includes replacing one or more of the following
Line Replaceable Units (LRU) subassemblies:
• Analog Board
• Processor Board
• Front panel display board
• Fans
• If the modem is able to continue operating (Minor Alarm), repairs can be delayed until
a convenient maintenance period.
• If the fault has forced the modem to switch to the redundant set (Major Alarm), repairs
should be scheduled for a more convenient time to replace the faulty LRU.
• Fatal errors require immediate attention.
• Neither the Processor Board nor the Analog Board is field repairable.
• If a failure occurs on the backplane, the entire modem will have to be replaced.
• If a failure occurs with the front panel or its attached ribbon cables, the modem will
continue to operate in its current configuration. Repair of these items will require the
modem to be powered down in order to replace them.
• If replacing one or more of these subassemblies did not correct the indicated fault, the
entire modem will have to be replaced.
• Faulty LRU are hot swappable (with PCB power switch OFF)

Student Studyguide
Fault Isolation – CS6716 Modem Display
Unit 5
Maintenance
Alarm Results Example
NOTE: Show slide #22 Alarm Alarm Alarm Affected Current Or

Alarm Sequence
Number
Number Source Severity Modem Historical Alarm (based on selected
view)
Front 144 DIG MINOR MODEM A CUR 001 OF 009

Panel
Display CHKFLT: DEG FRAME SYNC CLK INPUT MISSING
Window
Alarm
Description

Maintenance
• The user can fully control and monitor the operation of the CS6716 from the front panel
using the keypad and display. Nested menus are used, which display all available
options, and prompt the user to carry out a required action.
• The status LEDs provide a visual indication of the health and operating status of the
modem.

Student Studyguide
Fault Isolation – VersaMux 4000
Unit 5
Maintenance
• Power On Self Test (POST)
• Select Test from Diagnostics menu
• User interface modules hot swappable

Maintenance
g. VersaMux 4000
• Power On Self Test (POST):
• This series of tests checks the operational status of the VersaMux.
• Select Test from Diagnostics menu
• If a user module requires maintenance, the VersaMux 4000 provides the ability to hot
swap user modules.
• Hot swapping allows a user circuit to be replaced without needing to disable the other
active links.
• The following provides instructions on how to perform a hot-swap.
1. Initiate the hot-swap operation on the VersaMux 4000 by selecting Enable in
the Diagnostics-Hot-swap menu.
2. Follow the instructions described in “Removing a Module” on page 7-6 and/or
“Installing a module” on page 7-7 of Appendix D in the Modem System
Upgrade Manual for CS6716 Modem.
3. Complete the hot-swap operation by selecting the Disable option for the Hot-
Swap parameter.

Student Studyguide
Fault Isolation – OAC-170D
OAC-170D
Unit 5
Maintenance • Front Panel Alarm LEDs
• Troubleshooting Chart (Table 5- 5-4) in Modem
System Upgrade Manual (available on site and
NOTE: Show slide #24 as reference material in class)

Maintenance
h. OAC-170
• Front Panel Alarm LEDs
• Troubleshooting Chart (Table 5-4) in Appendix B in the Modem System Upgrade
Manual (Manual No. 142F009900-1)
OAC-170D Troubleshooting Chart

• ALARM LED is not illuminated
1. No input +48V, Verify +48V PS is turned on.
2. Both +48V inputs are mis-wired or not connected. Correct wiring.
3. Main Board Failure. Replace OAC-170D
• ALARM LED is illuminated red

1. OSC SELECT switch is not in AUTO position. Place OSC SELECT
switch into AUTO, if both oscillators are operational.
2. Chassis internal temperature is above 65oC. Ensure shelter curbside
fan is operational and the environmental air is below 52oC.
• OSC A (or B) LED is illuminated red

1. Oscillator has failed or output power is out of adjustment. Put OSC
SELECT switch into the position of the non-failed oscillator. During
maintenance down period, replace OAC-170D.
• MAINT LED is illuminated yellow

1. OSC SELECT switch is not in AUTO position. Place OSC SELECT
switch into AUTO, if both oscillators are operational.

Student Studyguide
Fault Isolation – OAC -170D
OAC-170D
Unit 5
Maintenance
70 MHz Amplifier Gain Adjustment
• Gain of each of 4 Amplifiers adjustable to 16 dB
NOTE: Show slide #25 • Gain from LNAs to modem adjusted for 40 dB

Maintenance
70 MHz Amplifier Adjustments

• Gain of each of 4 Amplifiers is adjustable to 16 dB from Down-Converter outputs to
CS6716 inputs. The overall system gain from the Down-Converter input to the CS6716
Modem input is set at 40 dB.
• Remove all U Links from IF DATA Patch Panel
• Set Filter Select switch to BYPASS
• Connect TX1 IF output to a 16 dB inline attenuator and RX1 input
• On CS6716 Modem front panel, select ENT for menu, select Monitor, then RSL.
This displays all 4 receive channel RSLs.
• Adjust RCVR1 potentiometer for -40 dBm on the modem RSL1 display
• Repeat setup and adjustment for RX IF inputs 2-4
• Restore to original configuration
• Equalization Procedure:
This is performed to overcome gain differences found in different receivers and
converters. Make sure HPA is OFF.
• Waveguide coverplates on receiver waveguide ports installed
• On CS6716 Modem, select MONITOR from the Main menu, then RSL
• On each down-converter, turn the Noise Test Switch to PRESELECT
• On CS6716 modem front panel display, adjust RX1- RX4 potentiometers on OAC
front panel for the highest common RSL.
• On down-converters, turn Noise Test Switch to OFF and restore settings

Student Studyguide
Line Replaceable Units (LRUs)
Unit 5
Maintenance • Removable and replaceable
by the operator

Maintenance
2. Line Replaceable Units (LRU):

The following items are those at the operator level that can be removed and
replaced if required.
For problems that can’t be isolated to a specific LRU or when replacing the LRU
doesn’t fix the problem, refer to the next level, organizational maintenance, for a
solution.

Student Studyguide
LRUs – HPA
Unit 5
Maintenance
• Klystron Tube
• Alarm Matrix CCA
NOTE: Show slide #27 • Blower
• RF Protect and Metering CCA
• High Voltage Power Supply

Maintenance
2. Line Replaceable Units (LRU):

a. HPA:
Refer to Para. 6-7.1 in TM 11-5820-934-13-2-1 for removal
instructions for these LRUs.
Klystron Tube
Alarm Matrix CCA
Blower
RF Protect and Metering CCA
High Voltage Power Supply
Fast Interrupt Assembly
Inverters
Control Logic Assembly CCAs

Student Studyguide
LRUs – Troposcatter Up -Converter
Up-Converter
Unit 5
Maintenance • Fan
• RF Filter Assembly
• Intermediate Power Amplifier
• Radio Frequency Assembly
• BITE CCA (Circuit Card Assembly)

Maintenance
b. Troposcatter Up-Converter:
Refer to Para 6-7.9 in TM 11-5820-934-13-2-1 for removal instructions for these
LRUs.
Fan
RF Filter Assembly
Intermediate Power Amplifier
Radio Frequency Assembly
Up-Converter BITE CCA

Student Studyguide
LRUs – Troposcatter Down -Converter
Down-Converter
Unit 5
Maintenance
• RF Amplifier
• Tunable Bandpass Filter
NOTE: Show slide #29 • RF Switch
• RF Detector Assembly
• Balanced Mixer/Preamp Assem
Assembly
• BITE CCA

Maintenance
c. Troposcatter Down-Converter:
Refer to Para. 6-7.10 in TM 11-5820-934-13-2-1 for removal instructions for the
following LRUs.
RF Amplifier
Tunable Bandpass Filters
Pre-selector Filter FL1
Post Selector Filter FL2
RF Switch
RF Detector Assembly
Balanced Mixer/Preamp Assembly
BITE CCA

Student Studyguide
LRUs – Dual RF Synthesizer
Unit 5
Maintenance
• IF CCA
• Reference CCA
NOTE: Show slide #30 • Radio Frequency and Converter
• Reference Oscillator
• Multiplier, Dual Frequency
• Cavity Oscillator

Maintenance
d. Dual RF Synthesizer:
Refer to Para. 6-7.11 in TM 11-5820-934-13-2-1 for removal instructions for the
following LRUs.
IF CCA
Reference CCA
Radio Frequency Converter
Reference Oscillator
Multiplier, Dual Frequency CCA
Cavity Oscillator

Student Studyguide
LRUs – DAR Modem
Unit 5
Maintenance
• Frequency Standard
• Voltage Regulator
• Bandpass Filter
• RF Power Divider
• Channelizer CCAs

Maintenance
e. DAR Modem:
Refer to Para 6-7.12 in TM 11-5820-934-13-2-1 for removal instructions for the
Modulator.
Refer to Para 6-7.13 in TM 11-5820-934-13-2-1 for removal instructions for the
Demodulator.
Frequency Standard – Rubidium Oscillator
Voltage Regulator
Bandpass Filter
RF Power Divider
Channelizer CCAs

Student Studyguide
LRUs – CS6716 Modem
Unit 5
Maintenance • Analog Board
• Processor Board
• Front Panel Display Board
• Fans

Maintenance
f. CS6716 Modem:
Refer to Para 7.5 of the CS6716 Operation and Maintenance Manual (Manual
142F009700) located in Appendix C of the Modem System Upgrade Manual
(Manual 142F009900-1) for LRU removal instructions.
• Analog Board
• Processor Board
• Front Panel Display Board
• Fans

Student Studyguide
LRUs – VersaMux 4000
Unit 5
Maintenance
The following LRUs are replaceable at the
operator level.
Fiber / Cu module NRZ module

Maintenance
g. VersaMux 4000:
Refer to Chapter 7 of the VersaMux Operation and Installation Guide (located in
Appendix D of Manual 142F009900-1) for instructions on removing the following
LRUs.
• Fiber / Cu module
• NRZ module

Student Studyguide
LRUs – OAC -170
OAC-170
Unit 5
Maintenance
• OAC-
OAC-170D

Maintenance
OAC-170 R&R:
1. Remove the four screws securing the Modem Upgrade equipment shelf to the
rack.
2. Slide the equipment shelf out of rack to obtain access to rear cabling.
3. Remove the following cables from the OAC-170D:
• W006 from J1
• W1003 from J2
• W1004 from J3
• W317 from J4
• W318 from J5
• W301 to W304 from J10
• W307 to W310 from J11
4. Ground cable from #8-32 GND Stud.
5. Slide the equipment shelf back into the rack to provide room in front of the
equipment shelf.
6. Remove the four screws securing the OAC-170D to the Modem Upgrade
equipment shelf and slide the OAC-170D chassis out of the equipment shelf.
NOTE: Installation is the reverse of above.

Student Studyguide
LRUs – 48 VDC Power Supply
Unit 5
Maintenance
Dual Redundant Power Supplies


Maintenance
i. 48 VDC Power Supply:

Refer to Chapter 5.0 Maintenance, Mercury 1U Power Shelf Installation Manual
(located in Appendix E of Manual 142F009900-1), for instructions on removing
and replacing the power supply.
• power supply

Student Studyguide
System Monitoring
Unit 5
Maintenance

Maintenance
In the following section we will be reviewing system monitoring procedures.

Student Studyguide
System Monitoring – Alarms
Unit 5
Maintenance

Maintenance
C. System Monitoring
1. Alarms:
• The 7A2 Alarm Monitor provides a Green/Red fault tree for system
monitoring purposes.
• RSL and Bit Error Rates (BER), are also monitored here.

Student Studyguide
System Monitoring – HPA
Unit 5
Maintenance
NOTE: Show slide #38 • Alarm Matrix

• Summary Alarm LED
• Low Power Alarm
Need Picture of Alarm Matrix

with door open

Maintenance
a. HPA
• Alarm Matrix
• Summary Alarm LED
• Low Power Alarm:
This alarm is operator adjusted to go off when HPA output power dips below a
set threshold level.
Instructor Notes:
Point out alarm matrix

Student Studyguide System Monitoring –
Troposcatter Up-Converter
Up-Converter
Unit 5
Maintenance Summary Alarm

Maintenance
b. Troposcatter Up-Converter
• Summary Alarm- Indicates a fault in one of the amplifier converter units, an RF
inhibit fault or a fault in the filter assembly p/o A3.

Troposcatter Down -Converter
Down-Converter
Unit 5

Maintenance
c. Troposcatter Down-Converter
• Summary Alarm- Indicates a failure of a transistor within the low noise amplifier
(AR1). This failure is also reported, via a relay closure, to the alarm monitor.

Student Studyguide
System Monitoring – Dual RF Synthesizer
Unit 5

Maintenance
d. Dual RF Synthesizer
• Summary Alarm- Indicates a fault in the receiver circuitry or incorrect tuning.

Student Studyguide
System Monitoring – CS6716 Modem
Unit 5
Maintenance • Major Alarm
• Minor Alarm

Maintenance
e. CS6716 Modem
1) Major Alarm
• If a major alarm occurs, the redundancy controller will cause an automatic
switch to the hot-standby modem.
• The LRUs in the modem are hot swappable.
• The power to the modem can remain on while replacing an LRU.
• When replacing an LRU, power off the LRU, then disengage it from the
modem’s backplane using only the ejectors on the unit’s front corners.
2) Minor Alarm
• To eliminate an LRU fault, replace the faulty LRU.
• If a minor alarm occurs, there is no redundancy switching
Caution
Review all safety procedures and ESD requirements prior to opening the modem front panel. If
the power to the modem is on, take precautions when placing hands inside an operating unit.
Always remove metal jewelry, watches, rings, etc., before working on electrical circuits or any
electrical equipment.
Caution
Do not use any tools to remove the LRU. If one or both ejectors are damaged or broken, remove
board using pliers, and replace the ejectors before replacing the LRU.

Student Studyguide System Monitoring – CS6716 Modem
LED Display - Alarm Indications
Unit 5
Maintenance
NOTE: Show slide #43 MAJOR ALARM = A Major alarm exists within the
modem
MINOR ALARM = A Minor alarm exists within the
modem
DIAGNOSTICS = Modem is configured in a
diagnostic mode
MANUAL SWITCH = Automatic redundancy switching
has been disabled

Maintenance
Now we will cover the alarm indicators on the CS6716.
MAJOR ALARM = A Major alarm exists within the modem

MINOR ALARM = A Minor alarm exists within the modem
DIAGNOSTICS = Modem is configured in a diagnostic mode
MANUAL SWITCH = Automatic redundancy switching has been disabled

Student Studyguide System Monitoring – CS6716 Modem
Front Panel and Fan
Unit 5
Maintenance
Front Panel
Fan

Maintenance
Front Panel Display Fault

• A display error has missing characters in the display, or the entire display does
not illuminate.
• Modem will continue to operate even if entire display is not working.
Fan failure
• A fan failure is a minor level alarm.
• However, in extreme conditions, failure of one or both fans can cause the
temperature in the modem to rise and lead to a high temperature alarm. High
temperatures may lead to equipment failure of one or more LRUs.

Student Studyguide
System Monitoring – VersaMux 4000
Unit 5
Maintenance Main Menu: Alarm-Status
• Displays active alarms, refer to table 5-
5-1 of
VersaMux manual for info

Maintenance
f. VersaMux 4000
• Main Menu:
• Alarm –Status
Displays active alarms
• Selecting Alarm-Status displays a list of the alarms, and the number of
occurrences of each, that have occurred since the last reset.
• In addition, the alarm statistics can be reset after viewing them.
• Scroll through the active alarms using the Up and Down arrow keys on
the front panel interface.
• The system displays one alarm at a time.

Student Studyguide
Unit 5
Maintenance AGGR LED
• Red indicates faults in the aggregate
• Yellow indicates AGGR is in loopback

Maintenance
• AGGR LED
• Red indicates faults in the aggregate
• Yellow indicates AGGR is in loopback

Student Studyguide
Unit 5
Maintenance CLK REF LED
• Red indicates loss of sync with timing
reference

Maintenance
• CLK REF LED

• Red indicates loss of sync with timing reference
• Can also indicate that the timing reference may not be present on external
source if that has been selected
• Check connection on external source if external source is present CLK REF
LED is red.

Student Studyguide
Unit 5
Maintenance PORTS LED
• Red indicates fault on one or more port cards
• Yellow indicates one or more port cards in loopback

Maintenance
• PORTS LED
• Red indicates fault on one or more port cards (Fiber/CU)
• Yellow indicates one or more port cards in loopback

Student Studyguide
Unit 5
Maintenance FAULT LED
• Red indicates one or more faults on VersaMux or the
unit is in hot-
hot-swap mode

Maintenance
• FAULT LED
• Red indicates one or more faults on VersaMux or the unit is in hot-swap mode

Student Studyguide
System Monitoring – OAC -170D
OAC-170D
Unit 5
Maintenance Alarm LEDs
• Alarm LED
• OSC A Alarm LED
NOTE: Show slide #50 • OSC B Alarm LED
• MAINT LED
Alarm OSC A OSC B MAINT

LED Alarm Alarm LED
LED LED

Maintenance
g. OAC-170D
• Alarm LED:
Green – Indicates unit is powered up
Red – Indicates either the OSC SEL switch is not in AUTO, internal temperature
is above 65oC or there is a failure on the main board.
• OSC A ALARM LED:
Red - Indicates OSC A is failed
• OSC B ALARM LED :
Red - Indicates OSC B is failed
• MAINT LED :
Solid Amber – OSC SEL switch is not in AUTO
Flashing Amber – 10MHz outputs disabled, power up.
Instructor Notes:
Faulty Oscillator LED indicates internal phase lock loop not locked or the output power level is
low.

Student Studyguide
System Monitoring – 48 VDC Power Supply
Unit 5
Maintenance Front panel alarm indicator

Maintenance
h. 48 VDC Power Supply

• Front panel alarm indicator
• If green – working properly
• If off – not working properly
• To remove failed unit, remove center thumbscrews, pull unit out and replace
• Units are redundant and hot swappable

Student Studyguide
System Monitoring – Loopbacks
Unit 5
Maintenance • CS6716 Modem
• VersaMux 4000
• DAR Modem

Maintenance
The following types of loopbacks will be discussed:

• CS6716 Modem
• VersaMux 4000
• DAR Modem

Student Studyguide
Loopbacks – CS6716 Modem
Unit 5
Maintenance Internal IF loop
• Quick verification of proper modem operation
• From the top level menu
• Select DIAG
• Then LOOPBACK
• Then LOCAL IF
• The modem should synchronize
• RX SYNC LED should illuminate green
• MAJOR ALARM LED should be off

Maintenance
a. CS6716 Modem
Internal IF loop:
• This places the CS6716 into the loopback mode and is a quick way to verify
proper operation of the modem.
• Select DIAG from the top level menu, then LOOPBACK, then LOCAL IF.
• The modem should synchronize, RX SYNC LED should be green and the
MAJOR ALARM LED should be off.
Additional Info:
• The LOOPBACK command may be issued with the modem ONLINE or OFFLINE. If its
OFFLINE, it must be put ONLINE for it to lock up.
• IF the RX SYNC LED does not illuminate green or is intermittent green, verify the aggregate
rates between the CS6716 and VM4000 are the same.

Student Studyguide
Loopbacks – VersaMux 4000
Unit 5
Maintenance • Port 1
• Port 2
• Port 3
• Port 4
• Aggregate (Port 5)

Maintenance
b. VersaMux:
• Select from the Loopbacks sub-menu
• Aggregate
• Port-1
• Port-2
• Port-3
• Port-4
Instructor Notes:
• Aggregate directs loopback towards the CS6716
• Ports 1-4 direct the loopback to the SIP

Student Studyguide
Loopbacks – VersaMux 4000
Unit 5
Maintenance
• No Loop
• Bi-
Bi-directional
NOTE: Show slide #55 • Internal
• External

Maintenance
• Type Loopback
• No Loop:
This ends the loopback procedure
• Bi-directional:
This provides a loopback toward both
• the user port and the Aggregate Port on a port module
• the Aggregate Port and the mux / demux circuitry on an Aggregate
module
• Internal (more information on following page)
• External (more information on following page)

Student Studyguide
Loopbacks – Internal
Unit 5
Maintenance Internal Loopback Diagram for a Port Module
Internal Loopback Diagram for an Aggregate Module

Maintenance
• Internal:
This provides a loopback toward:
• The aggregate of a port module
• The mux / demux circuitry on an aggregate module

Student Studyguide
Loopbacks – External
Unit 5
External Loopback Diagram for a Port Module
Maintenance
External Loopback Diagram for an Aggregate Module

Maintenance
• External:
This loopback provides a loopback toward:
• The user port on a port module
• The aggregate port on an aggregate module

Student Studyguide
Loopbacks – DAR Modem
Unit 5
Maintenance IF Loopback Panel
Attenuation settings Loopback switches

Maintenance
c. DAR Modem:
• Selected via the toggle switches on the IF Loopback panel.
• Attenuation can also be inserted at this point by using the 10dB and 1dB rotating knobs
to select the amount of attenuation to insert.
• IF Loopback Panel:
• This panel has 4 toggle switches for RX1-4.
• Select the normal or loopback position.
• If the loopback position is selected, one must also check the attenuation knobs
to see how much attenuation is being inserted.
• This loopbacks the IF signal from the Up-Converter, and routes it back to the
Receivers.

Bit Error Rate (BER) Checks
Unit 5
Maintenance • CS6716 Modem
• VersaMux 4000
• DAR Modem

Maintenance
3. BER Checks
• CS6716 Modem
• VersaMux 4000
• DAR Modem

Student Studyguide
BER Checks – CS6716 Modem
Unit 5
Maintenance Bit Error Rate Tester (BERT)
•Automatically enabled based on Service
Channel bandwidth
• View Local & Remote
• Reset Local & Remote

Maintenance
CS6716 Modem & BER check

Bit Error Rate Test (BERT) is automatically enabled if 32Kbps of Service Channel
bandwidth is not being used by Service Channel 1 and Service Channel 2.
• View Local
•Receive BER rate and estimated FEC rate if FEC is on.
• View Remote
•Remote site Receive BER rate and estimated FEC rate if FEC is on.
• Reset Local
•Resets local BER rate
• Reset Remote
•Resets remote BER rate

Student Studyguide
BER Checks – VersaMux 4000
Unit 5
Maintenance Bit Error Rate Tester (BERT)
• The VersaMux is equipped with an internal Bit
Error Rate Tester.
• This is capable of providing link quality statistics.
• Only one slot (aggregate or port) may be

connected to the BERT at any given time.

Maintenance
a. VersaMux:
• The VersaMux is equipped with an internal Bit Error Rate Tester.
• This is capable of providing link quality statistics.
• Only one slot (aggregate or port) may be connected to the BERT at any given time.
• Bit Error Rate Tester:
Refer to table 6-2 of the VersaMux 4000 Operation and Installation Guide for
BERT parameter and options.
• May use either entire bandwidth or unused bandwidth (selectable by user)

Student Studyguide
BER Checks – DAR Tropo Modem
Unit 5
Maintenance BER Meter

Maintenance
b. DAR Tropo Modem:

• The BER Meter monitors the BER in Long or Short measurements.
• Long takes an average reading over a 10 minute sliding window
•Must run 10 minutes before an initial reading is obtained.
• Short takes an average reading over the last 106bits.

Student Studyguide
Questions?
Unit 5
Maintenance

Maintenance
SUMMARY:
• During this lesson, you were given a general preventive maintenance functions,
general troubleshooting, fault resolution, general system monitoring, and line
replaceable units for each area of the system for the AN/TRC-170(V)3.
THE END

Student Studyguide
AN/TRC -170 (V)3 Training
AN/TRC-170
Unit 6
System End-to-End
NOTE: Show slide #1
Unit 6
System End-
End-to-End
End -to-
to-End
TITLE: System End-to-End
LEARNING OBJECTIVE:
Action:
You will be able to describe the key concepts of site planning, troposcatter communications path
considerations, and COMSEC equipment requirements for the AN/TRC-170(V)3. You will be able to
setup, power-up, and establish normal operation for a troposcatter communications link using the
AN/TRC-170(V)3 system.
Conditions:
You will be given an informal lecture on the key concepts of site planning, troposcatter
communications path considerations, and COMSEC equipment requirements for the AN/TRC-
170(V)3 and a complete demonstration on the setup, power-up, and establish normal operation for a
troposcatter communications link using the AN/TRC-170(V)3 system.
Standard:
You will be able to correctly describe key concepts of site planning, troposcatter communication
path considerations, and COMSEC equipment requirements for the AN/TRC-170(V)3. You will also
be able to demonstrate the ability to setup, power-up, and establish normal operation for a
troposcatter communications link using the AN/TRC-170(V)3 system.
Be aware of the possibility of electrical shock when working with electronic equipment. Be
aware of lift hazards, and observe safety regulations.
RISK ASSESSMENT:
Medium to High
Communication System AN/TRC-170(V)3, PowerPoint Presentation “Unit 6”, Laptop and
Overhead Projector, TM 11-5820-934-13-2, CSI Manual 142F009900-1 and AN/TRC-
170(V)3 Training Student Studyguide
Informal Lecture
TIME: 24.0 Academic and Performance Hours

Student Studyguide
System End To End Operation
Unit 6
System End-to-End Overview
• Site and Path Planning Considerations
• Crew Assignment Sheets
NOTE: Show slide #2 • Communications Security Equipment
(COMSEC)
• Walk-
Walk-through of system activation
• Hands-
Hands-on
AN/TRC 170 (V3) Training 2

System End-to-End
INTRODUCTION:
Elapsed Time
During this period of instruction, you will be given a description of site planning and
troposcatter communications path considerations for the AN/TRC-170(V)3. We will also
go over the use of cut-sheets and provide basic familiarization of the COMSEC
equipment requirements. Once the demonstration is complete, students will practice the
setup, power-up, link activation and the power-down and pack-up of the AN/TRC-
170(V)3. Understanding this information will provide the base which will enable students
to become proficient AN/TRC-170(V)3 operators.
Overview:
• Site and Path Planning Considerations
• Cut-Sheets
• Communications Security Equipment
• Walk-through of system activation
• Hands-on

Student Studyguide
Site and Path Planning Considerations
Unit 6
System End-to-End Siting Information
• Topographic Conditions
• Interference
NOTE: Show slide #3 • Soil Conditions
• Climatic Conditions

System End-to-End
BODY:
A. Site and Path Planning Considerations
1. Siting Information
a. Topographic Conditions:
• A good take-off angle to distant end is a must; 0 to 5 degrees usually
• The higher the elevation of the site, the better
b. Interference:
• Avoid sources of interference, natural or manmade
• Avoid bad set-up locations such as in low areas or near buildings, trees,
mountains or other obstacles that would interfere with the signal
• Avoid areas near overhead power lines and metal structures such as buildings
or bridges where possible, which could cause interference
• Near power lines, maintain safety precautions of twice the distance of the
height of the antenna
c. Soil Conditions:
• Look for areas that are stable, that offer a good means of grounding, and have
good drainage for water runoff
• Avoid areas with sandy, rocky or swampy soil, where possible
d. Climatic Conditions:
• Avoid areas that are prone to weather extremes – excessive rain, lightning,
wind, etc.
• Avoid areas of extremely high elevation, high rainfall and/or humidity
• Look for areas that have average weather conditions where possible

Student Studyguide
Unit 6
System End-to-End Siting Information
• Primary Power
• Accessibility
NOTE: Show slide #4

System End-to-End
Primary Power considerations:

• When planning for power requirements, remember to consider site access to generators
and fuel tanks.
• Do not place equipment where it can not be easily refueled.
• Co-ordinate with the power production personnel.
Accessibility:
• Crew and support personnel must have good access to the site.
• Sites with less than perfect access may still be used if other factors override the lack of
good access.

Student Studyguide
Site Selections
Unit 6
System End-to-End
Good Site?
NOTE: Show slide #5
Bad Site?

System End-to-End
Characteristics
Good Bad
Mountainous – access considerations Setting up high
Tactically – exposure Better shot over the horizon
Getting a good ground

Student Studyguide
Site Selections
Unit 6
System End-to-End
Good site?
NOTE: Show slide #6
Bad site?

System End-to-End
Characteristics
Good Bad
Good grounding location If shot needs to go through trees on left,
too close
If set up close to trees, provides good cover
Shot straight, nice takeoff angle
Good air cover from treeline
Flat: easy access

Student Studyguide
Unit 6
System End-to-End Alternate Site Locations
• Always have one alternate site location that has
been approved for use.
NOTE: Show slide #7 • Locate several alternate sites for use in case the
primary site will not work.
• Try to locate it somewhat nearby.

System End-to-End
Alternate Site Locations:

• Always have one alternate site location that has been approved for use.
• Locate several alternate sites for use in case the primary site will not work.
• Try to locate it somewhat nearby.

Student Studyguide
Cut -Sheet
Cut-Sheet
Unit 6
System End-to-End Purpose of Cut-Sheet
• CS6716 Modem
• Patching
NOTE: Show slide #8 • Forward Error Correction (FEC)
• Data Channel
• Service Channels
• Orderwire
• Crypto

System End-to-End
B. Cut-Sheet
1. Overview
• The purpose of Cut-Sheet is to give the crew member concise set-up instructions
for the AN/TRC-170(v)3 .
• All mission settings and switch positions must be identified prior to deploying for a
mission.
• Cut sheets are called crew assignment sheets in the TM’s
a. CS6716 Modem
• Patching required
• Insert U links for normal operation
• Forward Error Correction (Yes or No)
• Forward Error Correction improves the Bit Error Rate significantly
• Not required
• Data Channel
• Refer to Aggregate Data Rate Chart
• Aggregate rate is affected by FEC option selected
• Both ends of link must have same aggregate data rate
• Interface Type: RS-422
• Service Channel Rates
• Two Service Channels
• Service Channel 1 is used for the Orderwire, rate set for 16 Kbps
• Service Channel 2 is not used, rate set for 0 Kbps
• Orderwire and Crypto requirements
• If Orderwire and Crypto are required they must be identified on the cut-
sheet, correct keying material must be on hand at each end of link.

Student Studyguide
Cut -Sheet
Cut-Sheet
Unit 6
• DAR modem
• Timing Source
NOTE: Show slide #9 • Mission Timing
• Group Timing
• Mission Rate
• Group Rate
• Orderwire & COMSEC

System End-to-End
b. DAR Modem (Refer to TM 11-5820-934-13-2-1 for patching options and settings)

DAR Modem has 3 Timing Options
1. Timing Source and Patching
• Rubidium Standard (this is the Master Timing for Link)
2. Mission Timing obtained from Distant End
3. Group Timing obtained via DTG on Port 1 of TGM
• Mission and Group Data Rates
• Mission Data Thumbwheel is set to a rate between 128 kHz and 4608 kHz
• Group rate thumbwheel is only used to clock data into port 1 of TGM from cable-
side
• Refer to individual equipment TM for more specific information about DAR Modem
equipment
• Digital Group Multiplex Settings for LGMs, GMs, TGM are identified on the
appropriate areas of the cut-sheet
• Digital Group Multiplex Settings and Patching (Refer to Individual equipment TM
for specifics)
• Refer to individual equipment TMs for more information
• Orderwire and Crypto requirements
• Orderwire must be patched in on IF DATA Patch Panel and the TED must be
patched in on DATA Patch Panel

Student Studyguide
Cut -Sheet
Cut-Sheet
Unit 6
• Tropo Radio
• Transmit Frequencies
NOTE: Show slide #10 • Receive Frequencies
• HPA Settings

System End-to-End
c. Tropo Radio (Refer to TM for frequency and HPA settings)

1. Transmit and Receive Frequency settings
a. Transmit Frequencies
• Transmit frequencies are set on the Dual RF Synthesizer Transmit thumbwheels
and Phase Lock-Loop, Up Converter tunable filter, and the High Power Amplifier
Output filter.
• In the LOS mode, do not tune the Klystron.
• In the Tropo mode, tune the Klystron.
b. Receive Frequency
• Settings are made on the Dual RF Synthesizer, Receive thumbwheels and the
Down Converter Pre- and Post- Selectors.
2. HPA settings are made at the HPA Cabinet.
• Refer to klystron tuning chart for specific settings to tune each cavity.
• HPA settings: Cut sheets will identify high/low power setting and transmit frequency to
tune the klystron cavities.

Student Studyguide
Cut -Sheet
Cut-Sheet
Unit 6
System End-to-End Responsibilities
• Complete Cut-
Cut-Sheet
• Sample mission sheets
NOTE: Show slide #11 Practice filling out Cut-Sheet

System End-to-End
2. Responsibilities:
• The Cut-Sheet SHOULD be provided
• Operators may have to make own Cut-Sheet
• Use the ones in the TM or design for own use
3. Practical
Given information, complete Cut-Sheet showing all required information.
a. Practice filling out Cut-Sheet using information provided.
b. Complete practical exam on Cut-Sheet.

Student Studyguide
Tropo Radio Cut -Sheet
Cut-Sheet
Unit 6
System End-to-End

System End-to-End
Review main settings on Cut-Sheet being passed out
example

Student Studyguide
Cut -Sheet
Cut-Sheet
Unit 6
System End-to-End

System End-to-End
Cut-Sheet
example

Student Studyguide
Cut -Sheet
Cut-Sheet
Unit 6
System End-to-End

System End-to-End
Cut-Sheet
example

Student Studyguide
Cut -Sheet
Cut-Sheet
Unit 6
System End-to-End

System End-to-End
Cut-Sheet
example

Student Studyguide
Performance Check Point
Unit 6
System End-to-End
• Instructors will pass out copies of crew
assignment sheets and place information on the
board.
• Students will complete crew assignment sheets
and turn them in to instructors.

System End-to-End
Performance Check

Student Studyguide
Communications Security Equipment
Unit 6
System End-to-End COMSEC Callout In Advance
• List COMSEC equipment to be used
• KY-
KY-58 Secure Orderwire Unit
NOTE: Show slide #17 • KG-
KG-94 TED
• List Key Material required to be on hand
• KYK-
KYK-13
• Key Material by Short Title

System End-to-End
C. Communications Security Equipment

1. COMSEC Callout In Advance
The purpose of the COMSEC Callout is to identify any COMSEC material needed for
a mission in advance. Once all needed material is identified and the matching
keying material is listed, then COMSEC Managers are responsible for ensuring
appropriate keying material is on hand for mission requirements.
a. List COMSEC Equipment to be used
• Refer to local procedures for requesting appropriate Communication Security keys
• KY-58 Secure Orderwire Unit
• The KY 58 is used to secure the voice orderwire used for terminal to terminal
communication. The KY 58 requires the correct cryptographic key in order to
operate.
• KG-94 Trunk Encryption Device (TED)
• Used for bulk encryption of mission traffic (TED 1)
• Used to decrypt / encrypt GP1 data for TGM (TED 2)
b. List Key Material Required to be on hand
• Key tape material may be loaded to a DTD
• DTD may be used to load keys in COMSEC equipment
• Key material is identified by short title, refer to local COMSEC personnel
• List Key Material by Short Title
• Obtain information by checking with local COMSEC personnel

Student Studyguide
Walk -through of System Activation
Walk-through
Unit 6
System End-to-End Instructors will demonstrate and students
will observe (Hands-on/Performance)
NOTE: Show slide #18 • Antenna Setup

• Setup of QRA
• RF Hazard Zone
• Waveguide

System End-to-End
D. Walk-Through of System Activation with instructors demonstrating and students observing.
1. Set Up (Safety Equipment required)

a. Antenna
1. Set up QRA using checklist
2. Lay out Radiation Hazard Fence
3. Connect Waveguide to AN/TRC-170(v)3
Supporting info:
• Instructors set up QRA antenna. Students observe and assist as needed
• Instructors mark out radiation hazard fence locations (Simulated)
• Instructors connect waveguide to shelter

Student Studyguide
Walk-through
Unit 6
System End-to-End Setup
• External Power
• AN/TRC-
AN/TRC-170(v)3 Setup

System End-to-End
b. External Power
1. Connect external power cable and ground to AN/TRC-170(v)3 .
• Open AN/TRC-170(v)3 and ensure all power circuit breakers are off.
• Turn on external power source and verify frequency and voltage at the power
distribution panel.
• Turn on Main power circuit breaker and the light circuit breaker.
c. AN/TRC-170(v)3 setup
1. Set up AN/TRC-170(v)3 using Cut-Sheet.

Student Studyguide
Walk-through
Unit 6
System End-to-End Power-
Power-up
• Power Distribution
Panel

System End-to-End
2. Perform Power-Up Procedures

a. Power Distribution Panel
Perform Prime Power Checklist

Student Studyguide
Walk-through
Unit 6
System End-to-End Power-up
• Individual System Components
• CS6716 Power-
Power-up
NOTE: Show slide #21 • Tropo Radio Power-
Power-up

System End-to-End
b. Individual System Components

1. Perform CS6716 Modem Power-Up Procedure
2. Perform Tropo Radio Power-Up Procedure

Student Studyguide
Walk-through
Unit 6
System End-to-End Normal operation
• IF Loopback
• Establish Link With Distant End

System End-to-End
3. Normal Operation:
a. IF Loopback:
• IF Loopbacks are used to quickly determine if equipment is set up and operating
correctly.
• Equipment should green up on itself in loopback mode.
• This simulates receiving a signal from the distant end.
• Refer to the IF Loopback Procedure
b. Establish link with Distant End:

• This is done by removing the IF Loopback and going normal through.
• If the antenna is aligned correctly at the start and the radio is set up properly, a signal
should be received from the distant end once they begin transmitting.
• After getting an RSL from the distant end, the antennas may be swept to ensure
proper antenna alignment.

Student Studyguide
Walk-through
Unit 6
System End-to-End Turn-off and Pack-up
• AN/TRC-
AN/TRC-170(V)3
• Antenna
NOTE: Show slide #23 • External Power
• Review

System End-to-End
4. Turn-off and Pack-up

a. AN/TRC-170(v)3:
•Refer to AN/TRC-170(v)3 Power Down Checklist as instructors shut down the radio.
b. Antenna:
•While observing instructors tearing down and packing up the Quick Reaction Antenna
system, wear hard hats and gloves at all times .
c. External Power:
•Observe Instructors as they turn off external power and remove power and ground
cabling
d. Review:
•Review turn-off and pack up procedures with Instructors

Student Studyguide Performance Check Point – System
Activation
Unit 6
System End-to-End During Application of System Activation
Students will demonstrate and Instructors
will observe
(Hands-on/Performance)
• Antenna Setup
• Setup of QRA
• RF Hazard Zone
• Waveguide

System End-to-End
E. Application: Students perform with Instructors observing

1. Setup Quick Reaction Antenna
a. Set Up Quick Reaction Antenna using QRA checklist.
• Ensure proper Personal Protective Equipment is on prior to beginning setup.
• Hard hats and gloves are required.

Student Studyguide
Performance Check Point – Setup
Unit 6
System End-to-End Setup: Students perform
• External Power
• AN/TRC-
AN/TRC-170(V)3 Setup

System End-to-End
b. Students will perform external power set up. Students will cable up external power
source and connect shelter ground.
• Open AN/TRC-170(v)3 and ensure all power circuit breakers are off.
• Students will turn on external power source and verify frequency and voltage on
power meter inside AN/TRC-170(v)3 .
• Turn on Main CB and the light CB on the power distribution panel.
c. Students will set up a AN/TRC-170(v)3 using Cut-Sheet supplied by instructors.
• Students will set frequencies, perform any patching required, and tune the klystron
cavities
d. Students and Instructors will review the walk-through.

Student Studyguide Performance Check Point – Power
Distribution
Unit 6
System End-to-End Power-up: Students
perform
• Power Distribution
NOTE: Show slide #26 Panel power up

System End-to-End
2. Perform Power-Up Procedures

a. Power Distribution Panel
Perform Prime Power Checklist

Student Studyguide
Unit 6
System End-to-End Power-up: Students perform
• Individual System Components
CS6716 Power-
Power-up
NOTE: Show slide #27 Tropo Radio Power-
Power-up

System End-to-End
b. Individual System Components

1. Perform CS6716 Modem Power-Up Procedure
2. Perform Tropo Radio Power-Up Procedure
c. Review Power-up procedures with instructors

Student Studyguide
Unit 6
System End-to-End Normal operation: Students perform
• IF Loopback
• Establish Link With Distant End
NOTE: Show slide #28 • Repeat Procedures
• Review Procedures

System End-to-End
3. Normal Operation:
• Students will bring equipment up normally, then place equipment in loopback using IF
Loopback procedure.
a. IF Loopback:
• IF Loopbacks are used to quickly determine if equipment is set up and operating
correctly.
• Equipment should green up on itself in loopback mode. This simulates receiving a
signal from the distant end.
• Refer to the IF Loopback procedure
b. Establish link with Distant End:
• This is done by removing the IF Loopback and setting up the equipment according
to Cut-Sheet.
• If the antenna is aligned correctly and the radio is set up right, a signal from the
distant end should be received once the distant end begins transmitting.
• After getting an RSL, sweep the antenna to ensure proper alignment.
• The link is established when the CS6716 Modems lock up with each other.
• Instructors will use Cut-Sheet and go over procedures to establish link with distant
end. CS6716 Modems will be placed in default mode for link acquisition.
• Link will be established when CS-6716 Modems lock up with each other.
c. Repeat procedures
d. Review Procedures

Student Studyguide
Unit 6
System End-to-End Turn-off and Pack-up: Students perform
• AN/TRC-
AN/TRC-170(V)3
• Antenna
NOTE: Show slide #29 • External Power
• Review

System End-to-End
4. Turn-off and Pack-up

a. AN/TRC-170(v)3 :
• Refer to AN/TRC-170(v)3 Power Down Checklist and then shut down the radio.
b. Antenna:
• Ensure hard hats and gloves are worn while tearing down and packing up the
Quick Reaction Antenna system using the QRA checklist.
c. External Power:
• Turn off external power and remove power and ground cabling.
d. Review:
• Review turn-off and pack up procedures with instructors.
f. Review

Student Studyguide
Questions?
Unit 6
System End-to-End

System End-to-End
SUMMARY:
1. During this lesson you were given a overview of the mission data signal flow through the
AN/TRC-170(V)3. We covered each component that the user mission data signal passes
through and what it does to/for the signal. We covered the transmit signal path, receive
signal path, orderwire signal path and DAR Modem Variant signal path for the AN/TRC-
170(V)3 Digital Troposcatter Communications System.
THE END

ACRONYMS
Acronym Meaning
A
AC alternating current; air conditioning
AFE adaptive forward equalizer
AGC automatic gain control
ALM alarm
ALPC adaptive link power control
ASCII American Standard Code of Information Interchange
AUX auxiliary
B
BER bit error rate
BERT bit error rate test/tester
BITE built-in-test-equipment
BPF band pass filter
bps bits per second
BPSK binary phase-shift key
BW bandwidth
C
CB circuit breaker
CCA circuit card assembly
CDI conditioned di-phase
CDP conditional di-phase
CLK clock
cm centimeter
CMD command
COM common
COTS commercial-off-the-shelf
CPLD Complex Programmable Logic Devices
CPU central processing unit
CSI Comtech Systems, Inc.
CW continuous wave
D
DAR distortion adaptive receiver (DAR)
db decibels
dBW decibels referenced to one watt
DC direct current
DC/DC direct current to direct current
DCE data communications equipment
DEG decision error generator
DEMOD demodulator
DGM digital group multiplexer (DGM)
DLED dedicated loop encryption device
DMM digital multimeter
DTCS Digital Troposcatter Communications System (the TRC-170)
ACRONYMS
DTE data terminal equipment

DUT device under test
DVM digital voltmeter
DVOW digital voice orderwire
E
Eb/No The ratio of bit energy per symbol to noise power spectral density, in decibels.
EMI electromagnetic interference
ESD electrostatic discharge
F
FEC forward error correction
FET field effect transistor
FIFO first in first out (buffer)
FO fiber optic(s)
FOM fiber optic multiplexer
G
GM group multiplexing
gnd ground
H
HPA high power amplifier
HSSI high speed serial interface
HVPS high voltage power supply
Hz Hertz
I
I&C installation and checkout
I/O input/output
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IF intermediate frequency
INF interface
ISI intersymbol interference
K
k kilo
kbps kilobits per second
kHz kilohertz
kVA kilovolt ampere
kW kilowatt
L
LCD liquid crystal display
LED light emitting diode
LGM loop group multiplexer (LGM)
LNA low noise amplifier
LO local oscillator
LRU line-replaceable unit
LVL level
ACRONYMS
M
M mega
m milli
mA milliampere
max maximum
Mbps megabits per second (military M B/S or MBPS )
MHz megahertz
min minimum
mm millimeter
MTBF mean time between failure
MTTR mean time to repair
N
NC normally closed
NO normally open
NO/NC normally open/normally closed
NRZ non return to zero
O
O&M operation and maintenance
OAC Oscillator/Amplifier/Converter
OSC oscillator
OW orderwire
P
PA power amplifier
PCB printed circuit board
PMCS preventive maintenance check and services
PS power supply
PWR power
Q
QPSK quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK)
R
R&D research and development
RF radio frequency
RMS/rms root mean square
RSL receive signal level
Rx receive
S
S/N signal to noise
SCADA supervisory control and data acquisition
SEL select
SEP Signal Entrance Panel
SIP Shelter Interface Panel
SNR signal-to-noise ratio
SPDT single pole double throw
STBY standby
ACRONYMS
T
TBD to be determined
TED trunk encryption device
TDM time division multiplexing (TDM)
TGM trunk group multiplexer (TGM)
TMP temperature
TPC Turbo Product Code
TRITAC tri-service tactical communications
Tropo troposcatter; tropospheric
TTL transistor-transistor logic
Tx transmit
V
VAC voltage alternating current
VDC voltage direct current
VSWR voltage standing wave ratio

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What is tropospheric scattering and how does it enable communication?

What is tropospheric scattering and how does it enable communication?

What are some factors that affect tropospheric scattering signals?

What are some factors that affect tropospheric scattering signals?

Student Studyguide

NOTE: Show slide #1

AN/TRC-170 Training 3week

AN/TRC 170 Training 2

AN/TRC-170 Training 3week

AN/TRC 170 Training 3

2. Layers of the Earth’s atmosphere

AN/TRC-170 Training 3week

AN/TRC 170 Training 4

• The AN/TRC-170(V)3 troposcatter method uses a microwave radio to communicate

• The AN/TRC-170(V)3 may also communicate using Line-of-Sight (LOS) microwave

AN/TRC-170 Training 3week

AN/TRC 170 Training 5

Transmission of the signal is affected by:

• Scattering: Loss of signal into space

AN/TRC-170 Training 3week

AN/TRC 170 Training 6

AN/TRC-170 Training 3week

NOTE: Show slide #7

AN/TRC 170 Training 7

AN/TRC-170 Training 3week

AN/TRC 170 Training 8

Frequency Selective Fading

• Different frequencies fade at different points in time.

AN/TRC-170 Training 3week

AN/TRC 170 Training 9

AN/TRC-170 Training 3week

AN/TRC 170 Training 10

AN/TRC-170 Training 3week

AN/TRC 170 Training 11

• A diversity reception in which beyond-the-horizon troposcatter signals are received at

AN/TRC-170 Training 3week

Transmit Signal Transmit

AN/TRC 170 Training 12

The AN/TRC-170 (V)3 microwave radio uses dual antennas

AN/TRC-170 Training 3week

NOTE: Show slide #13

& Receive Transmit

AN/TRC 170 Training 13

AN/TRC-170 Training 3week

NOTE: Show slide #14

AN/TRC 170 Training 14

AN/TRC-170 Training 3week

NOTE: Show slide #1

AN/TRC-170 Training 3week

Student Studyguide Objectives:

You will learn the following:

There will be an academic evaluation at the end of this lesson.

AN/TRC-170 Training 3week

Student Studyguide • Air or Ground Transportable

NOTE: Show slide #3

AN/TRC-170 Training 3week

NOTE: Show slide #4

This is the exterior view of the AN/TRC-170(V)3.

AN/TRC-170 Training 3week