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SQL Commands

The document outlines various SQL commands for creating and manipulating databases and tables, performing queries, and enforcing integrity constraints. Some key commands include CREATE DATABASE for creating a new database, CREATE TABLE for defining a new table with columns and constraints, INSERT for adding rows of data, SELECT for querying table data with options to filter rows and sort results, and ALTER TABLE for modifying tables after creation.

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Rudra Prasad Tarai
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29 views2 pages

SQL Commands

The document outlines various SQL commands for creating and manipulating databases and tables, performing queries, and enforcing integrity constraints. Some key commands include CREATE DATABASE for creating a new database, CREATE TABLE for defining a new table with columns and constraints, INSERT for adding rows of data, SELECT for querying table data with options to filter rows and sort results, and ALTER TABLE for modifying tables after creation.

Uploaded by

Rudra Prasad Tarai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
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SQL COMMANDS: -

DATABASE CREATION: - create database [database name];


VIEWING DATABASES:- show databases;
USING DATABASE:- use [database name];
VIEWING TABLES IN THE PRESENT DATABASE:- show tables;
TABLE CREATION: - create table [table name] ([column name] [data type(size)] [integrity
constraint], [column name2] [data type(size)] [constraint name] [column name3]……… );
INSERTING MULTIPLE VALUES IN TABLE:- insert into [table name] values ([column 1 values],
[column 2 values], [column3 values]………..), ([column 2 values], [column 2 values]……);
SEEING TABLE DESCRIPTION:- desc [table name];
VIEWING TABLE DATA:- select * from [table name];
ADDING NEW COLUMN INTO THE EXISTING TABLE:- alter table [table name] add([column
name] [data type(size)] [constraint name]);
ADDING VALUES INTO NEW ADDED COLUMN:- update [table name] set [column name] =
[values] where [condition];
VIEW PARTICULAR COLUMN IN A TABLE:- select [column name],[column name2]… from [table
name];

VIEWING DISTINCT(UNIQUE) DATA IN THE TABLE:- select distinct(column name) from [table
name];

VIEWING COLUMN NAME WITH DIFFERENT NAME:- select [column name] as [new column
name] from [table name];

SIMPLE MATHEMATIC CALCULATION WITH COLUMN: - select [column name][operator like


*,+,/,-][number/operand] from [table name];
GIVING TEMPORARY VALUES IF NULL DATA IS THERE:- select [column name], if null([column
name] [value]);
SHOWING COLUMN THAT DOESNOT EXIST :- select [column name] , “repeating data”, from
[table name];
VIEWING SPECIFIC ROW USING WHERE CLAUSE:- select [column name] from [table name]
where [condition];
USING BETWEEN CLAUSE:- select [column name] from [table name] where [column name]
between [values] and [values];
VIEWING TABLE BASED ON CONDITION OF LIST:- select * from [table name] where [column
name] in ( set of values);
VIEWING TABLE BASED ON PATTERN MATCHING:- select [column name] from [table name]
where [column name] like [%pattern%]/[%pattern]/[_____];
SORTING COLUMN CONTENT:- select [column name] from [table name] order by [column
name], [column name2]….;

DELETING A ROW FROM TABLE:- delete from [table name] where [condition like primary key
column to access row];
DELETING COLUMN FROM TABLE:- alter table [table name] drop column [column name];
DELETING CONSTRAINT IN THE TABLE:- alter table [table name] drop [primary/unique key];
DELETING ENTIRE TABLE: drop if exists [table name];

MODIFYING COLUMN SIZE, CONSTRAINT OR REORDER COLUMN:- alter table [table name]
modify ([column name] [newdata type(new size)] ) first|after [column];
ADD KEY TO A COLUMN:- alter table [table name] add primary key(column name);
GIVING DEFAULT VALUES TO A COLUMN:- alter table [table name] alter [column name] set
default [value];

GIVING INTEGRITY CONSTRAINT LIKE DEFAULT, CHECK, NOT NULL, UNIQUE:- create table
[table name] ( [column name] [data type(size)] not null/unique
key/default=[value]/check(column name [condition]);
Unique([column name],[column name2]….) primary key([column name]…)

ADDING FOREIGN KEY:- :- create table [table name] ( [column name] [data type(size)], foreign
key([column name]) references [table name] [column name] on delete cascade on update
cascade;

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