Week #10 Sucker Rod Pump Design

Sucker Rod Pump (SRP)
Sucker Rod Pumping
1. Sucker rod pumping is also referred to as beam pumping.

2. It provides mechanical energy to lift oil from bottom hole to
surface.
3. It is efficient, simple, and easy for field people to operate.
4. It can pump a well down to very low pressure to maximize oil
production rate.
5. It is applicable to slim holes, multiple completions, and high-
temperature and viscous oils.
6. The system is also easy to change to other wells with minimum
cost.
The major disadvantages of beam pumping
1. Excessive friction in crooked/ deviated holes,

2. solid-sensitive problems,
3. low efficiency in gassy wells,
4. limited depth due to rod capacity,
5. bulky in offshore operations.
6. Beam pumping could include improved pump-off
controllers, better gas separation, gas handling pumps,
and optimization using surface and bottom-hole cards.
Two types of plunger pumps ( Nind, 1964)
DOWN STROKE UPSTROKE
MPRL
(Max Polish Rod Load)
MPRL
(Max Polish Rod Load)
Two Major Types of Pumping
Units
• The Lufkin Mark II Units
• The Air-Balanced Units

THE AMERICAN PETROLEUM
INSTITUTE (API) UNIT RATINGS
The API has established designations for sucker rod pumping units using a string
of characters containing four fields, for example:
C – 228D – 200 - 74
Stroke Length in Inches
Type of pumping units:
A – Air Balanced
B – Beam Counterbalance
C – Conventional D – Double Reduction Gear
M – Mark II Unitorque Reducer
Peak Torque Rating In Thousands

of Inch Pounds
Pump Size Selection Down Stroke
1440 min/day
PD = A p x Sp x N x
9702 in 3 / bbl
PD = Total pump displacement, B/D
Ap = The cross-sectional area of the pump
plunger, in2
Sp = The effective plunger stroke, in
N = The pumping speed in number of
strokes per minute
PD = 0.1484 Ap Sp N
Jika K = 0.1484 Ap , maka pers diatas
dapat dituliskan sebagai :
PD = K Sp N
Pump Size Selection
For a given pumping depth and volume of fluid to be produced,
there is an optimum size of pump bore which will result in effective
pump plunger travel and maintain moderate speed of operation.
If the plunger is too large, unnecessarily high loads will be

imposed upon the equipment and plunger under-travel can result
in inefficient operations.
on the other hand, if the plunger is too small, pumping speeds

become too high and the increased acceleration (inertial) effects
can result in increased peak loads on the equipment.
The basic factor in the selection of a suitable pump size is the

volume of fluid displaced by the pump per inch of each stroke. This
volume displacement will depend upon the diameter of the pump
bore.
Volumetric Efficiency
The actual production rate at the surface, Q, may be

less than the total theoretical pump displacement,
because of volumetric efficiency, EV of the pump:
Q
Ev = or Q = E v PD
PD
Volumetric efficiencies can vary over a wide range but

commonly 70 – 80 %.
Load to the Pumping Unit
The load exerted to the pumping unit depends on well depth,

rod size, fluid properties, and system dynamics. The maximum
PRL and peak torque are major concerns for pumping unit.
Acceleration ( a )
ACCELERATION (a)
ACCELERATION (a)
2 c d1
= S
d2
2 c d1 S
=
d2 12
c d1 S
=
d2 24
c d1 S
=
d2 24
Where M is machinery Factor
Stress On Polished Rod
Stress at the top of

Polished Rod =
Wmax
SA
A Top
SA = max allowable
stress, psi
For API Grade C rods, the maximum allowable stress is
given by the relationship:
For API Grade D rods, the maximum allowable stress is

given by the relationship:
Load to the Pumping Unit
The load exerted to the pumping unit depends on well

depth, rod size, fluid properties, and system dynamics.
The maximum Polished Rod Load ( PRL ) and peak
torque are major concerns for pumping unit.
Maximum Polished Rod Load
(PRL)
The PRL is the sum of
1. weight of fluid being lifted,

2. weight of plunger,
3. weight of sucker rods string,
4. dynamic load due to acceleration,
5. friction force,
6. and the up-thrust from below on
plunger.
Maximum PRL
Then, the equation above becomes
If Sf = 0.87 and γs = specific weight of steel = 490

lb/ft3, above equation becomes:
D Ap
Where Wf = Sf (62.4)
144
Minimum PRL
The minimum PRL occurs while the

Traveling Valve (TV) is open so that the
fluid column weight is carried by the tubing
and not the rod.
The minimum load is at or near the top of

the stroke.
Neglecting the weight of the plunger and friction
term, the minimum PRL is
Counterweights (C)
To reduce the power

requirements for the prime
mover, a counterbalance load is
used on the walking beam
(small units) or the rotary crank.
The ideal counterbalance load
C is the average PRL.
Therefore,
Counter
Weight
PEAK TORQUE
Peak Torque is at the peak load when the Crank arm is horizontal
Pump Deliverability and Power Requirements
where Sp is the effective plunger stroke length (in.), Ev is the

volumetric efficiency of the plunger, and Bo formation volume
factor of the fluid.
Effective Plunger Stroke Length
The motion of the plunger at the pump-setting depth and

the motion of the polished rod do not coincide in time and
in magnitude because sucker rods and tubing strings are
elastic.
THE ROD STRETCH IS THE TUBING STRETCH IS
THE ROD STRETCH DUE THE VERTICAL

FORCES
THE ROD STRETCH DUE THE VERTICAL
FORCES
PLUNGER STROKE ( Sp )
γS = 490 lbs/ft3 ; E = 30 x 106 lb/m2

Slippage rate , q (bbl/day), through the annulus
between the plunger and the barrel:
Kp = 2.77 x 106 to 6.36 x 106 or average is 4.17 x 106

Power Requirements
The prime mover should be properly sized to provide

adequate power to lift the production fluid, to
overcome friction loss in the pump, in the rod string
and polished rod, and in the pumping unit. The power
required for lifting fluid is called ‘‘hydraulic power.’’ It is
usually expressed in terms of net lift:
Ph = 7.36 x 106 q γL LN
Ph = hydraulic power, hp ; q = liquid production rate, bbl/day , γL =

liquid specific gravity, water = 1 ; LN = net Lift, ft.
Power Requirements
Ph = 7.36 x 106 q γL LN
p tf
LN = H +
0.433  l

liquid specific gravity, water = 1 ; LN = net Lift, ft. ; H = depth to
average fluid level in the annulus, ft ; ptf = flowing tubing head
pressure, psig
Power Requirements to overcome friction losses
can be empirically estimated using
Ph = 6.31 x 10 -7 Wr S N
The required prime mover power can be expressed as :
Ppm = FS ( Ph + Pf )
FS = safety factor of 1.25 - 1.50

liquid specific gravity, water = 1 ; LN = net Lift, ft. ; H = depth to
average fluid level in the annulus, ft ; ptf = flowing tubing head
pressure, psig
Principles of Pump
Performance Analysis
The efficiency of sucker rod
pumping units is usually
analyzed using the information
from pump dynagraph and
polisher rod dynamometer cards.
Figure on the left shows a
schematic of a pump dynagraph.
This instrument is installed
immediately above the plunger
to record the plunger stroke and
the loads carried by the plunger
during the pump cycle.
Principles of Pump Performance Analysis
The efficiency of sucker rod pumping units is usually
analyzed using the information from pump dynagraph and
Loads from dynamometer cards
Principles of Pump Performance Analysis
The efficiency of sucker rod pumping units is usually
analyzed using the information from pump dynagraph and
Theoretical Dynamometer Cards : (A) Non elastic Rods ; (B) Elastic Rods
Result of Dynamometer Card
Fluid leakage past traveling valve
Vibration Gas pound

Fluid leakage past standing valve
Fluid pound Gas lock Restriction in the well

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Sucker Rod Pump (SRP)

Sucker Rod Pumping

1. Sucker rod pumping is also referred to as beam pumping.

1. Excessive friction in crooked/ deviated holes,

• The Lufkin Mark II Units

• The Air-Balanced Units

Stroke Length in Inches

Type of pumping units:

Peak Torque Rating In Thousands

If the plunger is too large, unnecessarily high loads will be

on the other hand, if the plunger is too small, pumping speeds

The basic factor in the selection of a suitable pump size is the

The actual production rate at the surface, Q, may be

Volumetric efficiencies can vary over a wide range but

The load exerted to the pumping unit depends on well depth,

Stress at the top of

For API Grade D rods, the maximum allowable stress is

The load exerted to the pumping unit depends on well

The PRL is the sum of

1. weight of fluid being lifted,

If Sf = 0.87 and γs = specific weight of steel = 490

The minimum PRL occurs while the

The minimum load is at or near the top of

To reduce the power

where Sp is the effective plunger stroke length (in.), Ev is the

The motion of the plunger at the pump-setting depth and

THE ROD STRETCH DUE THE VERTICAL

γS = 490 lbs/ft3 ; E = 30 x 106 lb/m2

Kp = 2.77 x 106 to 6.36 x 106 or average is 4.17 x 106

The prime mover should be properly sized to provide

Ph = hydraulic power, hp ; q = liquid production rate, bbl/day , γL =

Ph = hydraulic power, hp ; q = liquid production rate, bbl/day , γL =

The required prime mover power can be expressed as :

FS = safety factor of 1.25 - 1.50

Ph = hydraulic power, hp ; q = liquid production rate, bbl/day , γL =

Vibration Gas pound

Fluid pound Gas lock Restriction in the well

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