Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

which implies T = c’ ekt

′
T
= k
T

MA8353 Transforms Therefore, u(x,t) = cc’ e(1+6k)x ekt

Now, u(x,0) = 10 e-x = cc’e(1+6k)x
and Partial

M
Therefore, cc’ = 10 and k = -1⁄3
Therefore, u(x,t) = 10 e-x e-t/3.
Differential

O
Equations 2. Find the solution of + 10u if
∂u ∂u
= 36
∂x ∂t
∂u
(t = 0) = 3e using the method of −2x

C
∂x

separation of variables.
Mechanical a) −3 −2x −t/3
e e

T.
2

b) 3e e x −t/3

Engineering - Third c) e e 3

2
2x −t/3

d) 3e e −x −t/3

O
Semester Answer: a

SP
Explanation: u(x, t) = X(x)T (t)
Substituting in the given equation,
′ ′
X T = 36T X + 10XT

which implies X
′
X kx

UNIT I PARTIAL = k = ce
G
X
′ (k−10) k−10
T
which implies T ′ t

DIFFERENTIAL = = c e 36
T 36
∂u −2x ′ kx
(t = 0) = 3e = cc ke
LO

EQUATIONS
∂x

Therefore k = -2 and cc’ = −3

Hence, u(x, t) = e e
−3

2
−2x −t/3
.

TOPIC 1.1 FORMATION OF

PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL 3. Solve the partial differential equation
.B

= 0 using method of
3 ∂u 2 ∂u
x + y
EQUATIONS - SINGULAR ∂x ∂y
5

INTEGRALS separation of variables if u(0, y) = 10 e y

.
17

5 5

a) 10e 2x2 e y

−5
5

1. Solve ∂u
= 6
∂x
+ u using the method of
∂u

∂t
b) 10e 2y2
e x

separation of variables if u(x,0) = 10 e-x.

−5
−5

c) 10e 2y
2
e x

a) 10 e-x e-t/3
−5 5
-R

d) 10e 2x2
e y

b) 10 ex e-t/3
Answer: d
c) 10 ex/3 e-t
Explanation: u(x, t) = X(x)T (t)
d) 10 e-x/3 e-t
SE

3 ′ 2 ′
x X Y + y Y X = 0
′ k

Answer: a
X

X
=
x
k
3
which implies X = ce 2x
2

Explanation: u(x,t) = X(x) T(t) Y

′

=
−k
which implies Y = c e
′
k
y

Substituting in the given equation, X’T = 6

2
Y y
C

k k

T’X + XT
′
2x2 y
u(x, t) = cc e e
′ ′ 5 k
X −X T ′
= = k u(0, y) = 10e y
= cc e y
6X T

which implies X = ce(1+6k)x

′
X
= 1 + 6k
X

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

Therefore k = 5 and cc’ = 10 the product of two functions which depend on

one variable only.
−5 5

Hence, u(x, t) = 10e e . 2x

2 y

a) True
4. Solve the differential equation b) False

M
= 2u using the method of
∂u ∂u
5 + 3
∂x ∂y
Answer: a
separation of variables if u(0, y) = 9e −5y
. Explanation: If we have a function u(x,t),
17

a) 9e e then the function u depends on both x and t.

O
x −5y
5

b) 9e e
13

5
x −5y
For using the variable separable method we
c) 9e
−17
x −5y assume that it can be written as u(x,t) =

C
e 5

−13 X(x).T(t) where X depends only on x and T

d) 9e e 5
x −5y

depends only on t.

T.
Answer: a 7. While solving a partial differential
Explanation: u(x, t) = X(x)T (t) equation using a variable separable method,
′ ′
5X Y + 3Y X = 2XY
we equate the ratio to a constant which?

O
which implies X = ce
′ k
X k x

X
=
5
5
a) can be positive or negative integer or zero
b) can be positive or negative rational number
′ 2−k

= 2 − k/3 which implies Y

Y ′ y
= c e 3

SP
Y
k 2−k
or zero
Therefore u(x, t) = cc e e ′
5
x
3
y

′
2−k
y −5y
c) must be a positive integer
u(0, y) = cc = e 9e
d) must be a negative integer
3

Hence cc’ = 9 and k = 17

G
Answer: b
17

Therefore, u(x, t) = 9 e 5
x
e
−5y
.

Explanation: The constant can be any

5. Solve the differential equation rational number. For example, we use a
LO

x
2 ∂u
+ y
∂x
= u using the method of
2 ∂u
∂y
positive rational number to solve a 1-
2 Dimensional wave equation, we use a
separation of variables if u(0, y) = e . y

negative rational number to solve 1-

−3

a) e e
2
y x
Dimensional heat equation, 0 when we have
.B

steady state. The choice of constant depends

3 2

b) e e y x

−3 2
on the nature of the given problem.
c) e e x y

3 2

d) e e 8. When solving a 1-Dimensional wave

17

x y

equation using variable separable method, we

Answer: c get the solution if _____________
Explanation: u(x, t) = X(x)T (t) a) k is positive
2 ′ 2 ′
x X Y + y Y X = XY b) k is negative
-R

c) k is 0
−k

X = ce x

Y = c e
′
k−1
y d) k can be anything
−k k−1
′
SE

Answer: b
y
u(x, t) = cc e x e
2 k−1

u(0, y) = e y
= cc e
′ y
Explanation: Since the given problem is 1-
k = 3 and cc’ = 1 Dimensional wave equation, the solution
Therefore u(x, t) = e
−3
x
e
2

y
.
should be periodic in nature. If k is a positive
number, then the solution comes out to be (c7
C

6. While solving a partial differential epx⁄c+e-px⁄cc8)(c7 ept+e-ptc8) and if k is

equation using a variable separable method, positive the solution comes out to be
we assume that the function can be written as

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

(ccos(px/c) + c’sin(px/c))(c’’cospt + c’’’sinpt). Answer: a

Now, since it should be periodic, the solution Explanation: The calculus of variations is a
is (ccos(px/c) + c’sin(px/c))(c’’cospt + type of analysis in the field of mathematics
c’’’sinpt). (branch of calculus) which is used to find
maxima and minima of definite integrals.

M
9. When solving a 1-Dimensional heat
equation using a variable separable method, 2. The symbol used for partial derivatives, ∂,
we get the solution if ______________ was first used in mathematics by Marquis de

O
a) k is positive Condorcet.
b) k is negative a) True

C
c) k is 0 b) False
d) k can be anything

T.
Answer: a
Answer: b Explanation: Partial derivatives are indicated
Explanation: Since this is a heat equation, by the symbol ∂. This was first used in
the solution must be a transient solution, that mathematics by Marquis de Condorcet who

O
is it should decay as time increases. This used it for partial differences.
happens only when k is negative and the

SP
solution comes out to be (c’’cospx + 3. What is the order of the equation,
-c2 p2 t = 0?
3 ∂y 2 2 ∂y

c’’’sinpx) (c e ). xy (
∂x
) + yx +
∂x

a) Third Order
10. While solving any partial differentiation b) Second Order
G
equation using a variable separable method c) First Order
which is of order 1 or 2, we use the formula d) Zero Order
LO

of fourier series to find the coefficients at last.

a) True Answer: c
b) False Explanation: The equation having only first
derivative, i.e., are said to be first order
∂y

∂x
Answer: a differential equation. Since the given equation
.B

Explanation: After using the boundary satisfies this condition, it is of first order.
conditions, when we are left with only one
constant and one boundary condition, then we 4. In the equation, y= x2+c,c is known as the
17

use Fourier series coefficient formula to find parameter and x and y are known as the main
the constant. variables.
a) True
TOPIC 1.2 SOLUTIONS OF b) False
-R

STANDARD TYPES OF FIRST Answer: a

ORDER PARTIAL Explanation: Given: y= x2+c, where c is
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS known as an arbitrary constant. It is also
SE

referred to as the parameter to differentiate it

1. First order partial differential equations from the main variables x and y.
arise in the calculus of variations.
a) True 5. Which of the following is one of the
C

b) False criterions for linearity of an equation?

a) The dependent variable and its derivatives
should be of second order

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

b) The dependent variable and its derivatives Answer: d

should not be of same order Explanation: Lagrange’s linear equation
c) Each coefficient does not depend on the contains only the first-order partial
independent variable derivatives which appear only with first
d) Each coefficient depends only on the power; hence the equation is of first-order

M
independent variable and first-degree.

Answer: d 9. Find the general solution of the linear

O
Explanation: The two criterions for linearity partial differential equation, yzp+zxq=xy.
of an equation are: a) φ(x2-y2 – z2 )=0

C
The dependent variable y and its b) φ(x2-y2, y2-z2 )=0
c) φ(x2-y2, y2-x2 )=0

T.
derivatives are of first degree.
Each coefficient depends only on the d) φ(x2-z2, z2-x2 )=0
independent variable
Answer: b

O
6. Which of the following is a type of Explanation: Given: yzp+zxq=xy
Iterative method of solving non-linear Here, the subsidiary equations are,

SP
equations? dx
=
dy
=
dz

yz zx xy
a) Graphical method
From the first two and last two terms, we get,
b) Interpolation method
respectively,
c) Trial and Error methods
or xdx-ydy=0, and
dx dy
G
=
d) Direct Analytical methods yz zx
′

or ydx-zdy=0,
dx dy
= ′
zx xy
Answer: b
LO

Integrating these we get two solutions

Explanation: There are 2 types of Iterative
methods, (i) Interpolation methods (or x2-y2=a , y2-z2=b
Bracketing methods) and (ii) Extrapolation Hence, the general solution of the given
methods (or Open-end methods). equation is,
φ(x2-y2, y2-z2 )=0.
.B

7. Which of the following is an example for

first order linear partial differential equation? 10. The equation 2 – xy = y , is an
dy

dx
−2

a) Lagrange’s Partial Differential Equation example for Bernoulli’s equation.

17

b) Clairaut’s Partial Differential Equation a) False

c) One-dimensional Wave Equation b) True
d) One-dimensional Heat Equation
Answer: b
-R

Answer: a Explanation: A first order, first degree

Explanation: Equations of the form Pp + Qq differential equation of the form,
= R , where P, Q and R are functions of x, y, dy
+ P (x). y = Q(x). y , is known as
a

z, are known as Lagrange’s linear equation.

SE

dx

Bernoulli’s equation.
8. What is the nature of Lagrange’s linear
11. A particular solution for an equation is
partial differential equation?
derived by eliminating arbitrary constants.
a) First-order, Third-degree
C

a) True
b) Second-order, First-degree
b) False
c) First-order, Second-degree
d) First-order, First-degree

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

Answer: b 2. Obtain the general solution for the equation

Explanation: A particular solution for an xp2+px-py+1-y=0 where p= .
dy

dx
equation is derived by substituting particular a) y=cx+ 1

values to the arbitrary constants in the c+1

complete solution. b) x=cy-(c+1)

M
c) x=cy- 1

c+1

12. A partial differential equation is one in d) y=cx+(c+1)

which a dependent variable (say ‘y’) depends

O
on one or more independent variables (say Answer: a
’x’, ’t’ etc.) Explanation: xp2+px-py+1-y=0

C
a) False xp2+px+1=y(p+1)
b) True
y =
xp(p+1)+1
……(1) thus
or y = px +
1

T.
p+1 p+1

Answer: b (1) is in the Clairaut’s equation form

Explanation: A differential equation is y=px+f(p),
divided into two types, ordinary and partial thus general solution is y=cx+ . 1

O
c+1

differential equations.
A partial differential equation is one in which 3. Find the general solution for the equation

SP
a dependent variable depends on one or more (px-py)(py+x)=2p by reducing into Clairaut’s
independent variables. form by using the substitution X=x2, Y=y2
Example: F (x, t, y, , , … …) = 0
∂y ∂y

where p= .
dy
∂x ∂t
dx

a) y = x +
2 c
G
c+1

TOPIC 1.3 LAGRANGE'S b) y = cx –

2 2 2c

c+1

LINEAR EQUATION c) x = cy –
2 2 1
LO

2c+1

d) x = y +
2 2
2c+2
c

1. Singular solution for the Clairaut’s

equation y = y x + is given by _______
′ a

y
′
Answer: b
Explanation: X 2 dX
.B

2 2 = x → = 2x
a) x y
dx
2
+ 2
= 1
a a 2 dY
Y = y → = 2y
b) y2=-4ax dy

now p =
dy dy dY dX dY

c) y2=4ax
= and let P =
dx dY dX dx dx
17

d) x2=-2ay
1 x X
p = ∗ P ∗ 2x or p = P i. e p = √ P
2y y Y

now consider (px-py)(py+x)=2p substituting

Answer: c the value of p we get
Explanation: Let p = y = ′ dy
-R

dx X X
(√ P √ X– √ Y )(√ P √ Y + √ X) = 2
Given equation is of the form y = px + f(p), Y Y

whose general solution is y = cx + f(c) (P X−Y ) X

thus the general solution is y = cx + a
√Y
(P + 1)√ X = 2√
Y
P → (P X − Y )
SE

…………..(1), to find the value of c is in the Clairaut’s form

we differentiate (1) partially w.r.t ‘c’ i.e hence general solution is y 2
= cx –
2 2c

c+1
.
a 2 a a
0 = x − 2
→ c = → c = √
c x x

hence (1) becomes 4. Find the general solution of the D.E 2y-
C

y = √
a
x + a√
x
→ y = 2√ax
4xy’-log y’=0.
x a
a) y(p) = – 1 + 2c logp

y2=4ax is the singular solution. p 2

b) y(p) = – 2 + logp 2p
c

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

c) x(p) = −1

p
+
c

p
2
TOPIC 1.4 LINEAR PARTIAL
d) x(p) = 1

2p
+
p
c
1/2 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
OF SECOND AND HIGHER
Answer: a ORDER WITH CONSTANT

M
Explanation: Let y’=p and hence given
equation is in Lagrange equation form COEFFICIENTS OF BOTH
i.e 2y=4xp+log p …..(1) differentiating both HOMOGENEOUS AND NON-

O
sides of the equation HOMOGENEOUS TYPES
2dy=4xdp+4pdx+ and dy=pdx
dp

C
p

–> 2pdx=4xdp+4pdx+ –> -2pdx=4pdx+

dp

p
dp

p
1. Solution of the differential equation
y(x−ylny)

-2p dx 1 dx 2 −1
dy
= is _____________

T.
= 4x + → + x = 2 dx x(xlnx−y)
dp p dp p 2p

(p≠0)…….this is a linear D.E for the function a)

xlnx+ylny
= c
xy

x(p) b) xlnx−ylny
= c
2

O
xy
I.F is e = p and solution is
∫ dp 2
p logp 2
= e
c) lnx lny
+ = c
x(p) p = ∫ p ∗
2
dp + c
2 −1

2p
2
x y

d) lnx lny

SP
x(p) = +
−1

2p
substituting back in (1) we
c

p
2
x
–
y
= c

get 2y = 4p( −1

2p
+
c

p
2
) + logp
Answer: a
Explanation:
dy y(x−ylny)
.
2c logp
y(p) = –1 + =
p 2 dx x(xlnx−y)
G
–> x2 lnx dy-xy dy=xy dx – y2 lny dx
5. Find the general solution of the D.E y =
…….dividing by x2 y2 then
2xy’ – 3(y’)2.
LO

lny 1 1 lny
dy – dy = dx – dx
a) y(p) = p + c 2 2
1/2 y xy xy x
2p 1 1 1 1
(lnx( dy) + dx) + (lny( dx) + d
b) y(p) = p + 2 2c

p
−y
2

lny
xy −x
2 xy

lnx

c) x(p) = −cp + c
2
d(
y
) + d(
x
) = 0
.B

d) x(p) = 2p + 2c on integrating we get

2
p lnx lny
∫ d( ) + ∫ d( )
y x

Answer: b lnx
+= c…. where c is a constant of
lny
17

y x

Explanation: Let y’=p –> y = 2xp – 3p2 …. integration.

(1) is in the Lagrange equation form
now differentiating we get dy=2xdp+2pdx- 2. Solution of the differential equation
6pdp and dy=pdx dy
is ______
3x−2y 2 −2y
-R

= e + x e
dx
thus pdx=2xdp+2pdx-6pdp→-pdx=2xdp-
a)
2y 3x 2
e e x
= + + c
6pdp –> + x– 6 = 0…(2)
dx

dp
2

p
3
e
3y
(e
2x
+x )
3
3
2

2 b) + c
(2) is a linear D.E whose I.F=e
∫ dp 2 6
SE

p
= p 2y 3x 3

c)
e (e +x )

hence its solution is 2y

6
3x
+ c
3
2
p x(p) = ∫ 6p
2
dp + c → x(p) = 2p +
c

p
2
d) e

2
=
e

3
+
x

3
+ c

….substituting in (1) we get

c 2 2 2c Answer: d
C

y(p) = 2(2p + 2 )p − 3p = p + .
p
Explanation:
p dy 3x−2y 2 −2y
= e + x e
dx
dy
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning
−2y 3x 2
= e (e + x )
dx

Series – Ordinary Differential Equations. separating the variable

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

e2y dy = (e3x+x2)dx…..integrating
1
∫ 2
dt = ∫ dx
2t +4

∫ e2y dy =∫ (e3x+x2)dx 2√ 2
1
tan
−1 t

√2
= x + c
2y 3x 3

+ c.
e e x
is the solution.
4x+2y+1
= + 1 −1
2 3 3 tan ( ) = x + c
2√ 2 √2

M
3. Solution of the differential equation sec2 x 5. Solution of the differential equation
tany dx + sec2 y tanx dy=0 is _______ xy = 1 + x + y + xy is ______
dy

O
dx
a) (sec x. sec y)=k a) (y-x)-log(x(1+y))=c
b) (sec x .tany)=k b) log(x(1+y))=c
c) (tan x. tany)=k c) (y+x)-log(x)=c

C
d) (sec x .tan x)+(sec y .tan y)=k d) (y-x)-log(y(1+x))=c

T.
Answer: c Answer: a
Explanation: sec2 x tany dx + sec2 y tanx Explanation: xy dy
= 1 + x + y + xy
dy=0 dy
dx

O
xy = (1 + x) + y(1 + x) = (1 + x)(1 + y)
dividing throughout by tan y.tan x we get dx

2 2 separating the variables & hence integrating

dy = 0……separating the
sec x sec y
dx + y 1+x
tanx tany
dy = dx

SP
variable
1+y x
y 1+x
∫ dy = ∫ x
now integrating we get 1+y x

2 2 (1+y)−1 1
sec x sec y
∫ dx + ∫ dy = c ∫ dy = ∫ dx + ∫ 1 dx
1+y x
tanx tany

substituting tan x = t & tan y=p→sec2 x

1
∫ 1 dy– ∫ dy– log x– x = c
G
1+y

dx=dt & sec2 y dy=dp y – log(1+y) – log x – x = c

1 1 (y-x) – log(x(1+y)) = c is the solution.
LO

→ ∫ dt + ∫ dp = c
t p

log t + log p = c –>log(tan x)+log(tan y) = c = 2 2

6. Solve the differential equation

dy x +y
=
log k….since it is an unknown constant dx 3xy

log(tan x .tan y) = log k is _______

(tan x tan y) = k is the solution. a) xp=(x2+2y2)-3
.B

b) x2 p=(x2-2y2)3
4. Solution of the differential equation
dy c) x4 p=(x2-2y2)-3
= (4x + 2y + 1) is ______
2

d) x6 p=(x2+2y2)3
17

dx

a) tan
2√ 2
1
( ) = x + c
−1 4x+2y+1

√2

b) √2
1
cot
−1
(4x + 2y + 1) = x + c Answer: b
2
y
1+
c)
4x+2y+1 2 2
1
tan
−1
( ) = c Explanation: dy
=
x +y
=
x2
we can
-R

y
√2 √2 dx 3xy 3
x

d) cot-1(4x+2y+1)=x+c clearly see that it is an homogeneous equation

hence substituting
Answer: a y = vx →
dy
= v + x
dv
=
1+v
2
SE

dx dx 3v
Explanation:
dy
2
= (4x + 2y + 1)
dx separating the variables and integrating
here we use substitution for x
dv
=
1+v
2

–v =
1−2v
2

dx 3v 3v
dy dt dy 1 dt
4x + 2y + 1 = t → 4 + 2
dx
=
dx
→
dx
=
2 ∫
dx
–3v
2
1−2v
2 dv = ∫
1

x
dx …….substituting 1-
1 dt 2
C

2v2=t→-4v dv=dt we get

–2 = t
2 dx
dt 2
= 2t + 4 −3 −3 2
dx log t = log x + log c → log(1 − 2v ) =
separating the variable and integrating
4 4
2 2 2 2
x −2y x −2y −3
−3log( 2
) = 4log cx → log( 2
) =
x x

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

6 2

2
(x −2y )
x
2 3
= kx
4
→ x
2
p = (x
2
− 2y )
2 3
is the (v +1)x
= c
(v+1)

solution where p is constant. →

2
x +y
2

= c → k(x
2 2
+ y ) = (x + y)
x+y

7. The solution of differential equation where k=1/c

M
dy
= + tan is ______
y y at x=1, y=-1 substituting we get 2k=0→k=0
dx x x
thus the particular solution is y=-x.
a) cot( ) = xc y

b) cos( ) = xc y

O
x

c) sec ( ) = xc 2 y

d) sin( ) = xc y

C
x
UNIT II FOURIER SERIES
Answer: d

T.
Explanation: we can
dy y y
= + tan
dx x x TOPIC 2.1 DIRICHLET'S
clearly see that it is an homogeneous equation
substituting
CONDITIONS

O
dy dv
y = vx → = v + x = v + tan v
1. How many dirichlet’s conditions are there?
dx dx

separating the variables and integrating we

a) One

SP
get
∫
1
dv = ∫
1
dx
b) Two
tanv x
c) Three
log(sin v) = log x + log c d) Four
is the solution
y
sin v = xc → sin( ) = xc
G
x

where c is constant. Answer: c

Explanation: There are three dirichlet’s
8. Particular solution of the differential
LO

2 2
conditions. These conditions are certain
equation given y=-1 at x=1. conditions that a signal must possess for its
dy y −2xy−x
= 2 2
dx y +2xy−x

a) y=x fourier series to converge at all points where

b) y+x=2 the signal is continuous.
.B

c) y=-x
d) y-x=2 2. What are the Dirichlet’s conditions?
a) Conditions required for fourier series to
Answer: c diverge
17

2 2
y
2

–
2y
–1
b) Conditions required for fourier series to
Explanation:
dy y −2xy−x
converge if continuous
2 x
x
= 2 2
= 2
dx y +2xy−x y 2y

c) Conditions required for fourier series to

+ −1
x2 x

……. is a homogeneous equation converge

thus put
-R

dy
2
d) Conditions required for fourier series to
dv v −2v−1
y = vx →
dx
= v + x
dx
= 2
v +2v−1
diverge if continuous
separating the variables and integrating we
get Answer: b
SE

dv
2
v −2v−1
3
(v +v +v+1)
2 2
(v +1)(v+1) Explanation: Dirichlet’s conditions are
x = –v = − = −
dx
2
2
v +2v−1
2
v +2v−1
2
v +2v−1
Conditions required for fourier series to
converge. That is there are certain conditions
v +2v−1 −1
∫ 2 dv = ∫ dx
(v +1)(v+1) x

2v(v+1)−(v +1)
2
that a signal must posses for its fourier series
C

∫ dv = log c– log x
2
(v +1)(v+1) to converge at all points where the signal is
∫(
2v
2
v +1
−
1

v+1
) dv = log c– log x continuous.
log(v2+1) – log(v+1) + log x = log c –>

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

3. What is the first Dirichlet’s condition? d) In majority finite interval, x(t) is of

a) Over any period, signal x(t) must be unbounded variation
integrable
b) Multiplication of the signals must be Answer: a
continuous Explanation: In any finite interval, x(t) is of

M
c) x(t) should be continuous only bounded variation. That is there are no more
d) A signal can be integrable except break than a finite number of maxima and minima
during a single period of the signal.

O
points

Answer: a 7. There are maxima and minima not possible

C
Explanation: In the case of Dirichlet’s in dirichlet’s conditions.
conditions, the first property leads to the a) True

T.
integration of signal. It states that over any b) False
period, signal x(t) must be integrable.
That is ∫|x(t)|dt<∞. Answer: b
Explanation: Maxima and minima are

O
4. Is dirichlet’s condition possible in case of possible if they are infinite number as stated
discrete signals? by the second dirichlet’s condition. In any

SP
a) True finite interval, x(t) is of bounded variation.
b) False That is there are no more than a finite number
of maxima and minima during a single period
Answer: b of the signal.
G
Explanation: Dirichlet’s conditions is not
possible in case of discrete signals. That is 8. What is the third dirichlet’s condition?
these are certain conditions that a signal must a) Finite discontinuities in the infinite interval
LO

posses for its fourier series to converge at all b) Finite discontinuities in the finite interval
points where the signal is continuous only. c) Infiinite discontinuities in the infinite
interval
5. What guarantees that coefficient is finite in d) Finite discontinuities in the all the intervals
.B

a dirichlet’s condition?
a) First condition Answer:b
b) Second condition Explanation: The third condition states that
c) Third condition in any finite interval of time, there is an only
17

d) Fourth condition a finite number of discontinuities. Hence,

finite discontinuities in the finite interval are
Answer: a the correct option.
Explanation: The first property is:
-R

That is ∫|x(t)|dt<∞ 9. In the third condition, does each of the

Now, Xn = 1/T∫|x(t)e-jwt|dt ≤ 1/T∫|x(t)|dt discontinuities need to be finite?
a) All the time
So, Xn<∞.
b) Sometimes
SE

c) Never
6. What is the second dirichlet’s condition? d) Rarely
a) In any finite interval, x(t) is of bounded
variation Answer: a
C

b) In most of a finite interval, x(t) is of Explanation: The third condition states that
bounded variation in any finite interval of time, there is the only
c) In any finite interval, x(t) is of unbounded finite number of discontinuities. And
variation

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

furthermore, each of these discontinuities Answer: b

must be finite too. Explanation: When there is a point of
discontinuity, the value of the function at that
10. What is the sum of the series at a point point is found by taking the average of the
when the signal is discontinuous? limit of the function in the left hand side of

M
a) Average of the previous limits the discontinuous point and right hand side of
b) Previous limits are considered the discontinuous point. Hence the value of
c) Future limits are added

O
the function at that point of discontinuity is
d) Average of left hand limit and right hand 1
[f (x + 0) + f (x − 0)].
2
limit are taken

C
3. What is the Fourier series expansion of the
Answer: d function f(x) in the interval (c, c+2π)?

T.
Explanation: If the signal is discontinuous at a)
a point t, then an average of left hand limit a0
+ ∑
∞
an cos(nx) + ∑
∞
bn sin(nx)
and right hand limit of the signal x(t) are 2 n=1 n=1

b) a
∞ ∞
+ ∑ an cos(nx) + ∑ bn sin(nx)
taken.
0
n=1 n=1

O
That is x(t) = ½[ x(t+)+x(t-)]. c)
a0 ∞ ∞
+ ∑n=0 an cos(nx) + ∑n=0 bn sin(nx)
2

SP
d) a
∞ ∞
+ ∑ an cos(nx) + ∑ bn sin(nx)
TOPIC 2.2 GENERAL FOURIER
0 n=0 n=0

SERIES €“ ODD AND EVEN Answer: a

FUNCTIONS Explanation: Fourier series expantion of the
function f(x) in the interval (c, c+2π) is given
G
by
1. Which of the following is not Dirichlet’s a0
+ ∑
∞
an cos(nx) + ∑
∞
bn sin(nx)
LO

condition for the Fourier series expansion? 2 n=1 n=1

a) f(x) is periodic, single valued, finite where, a0 is found by using n=0, in the
b) f(x) has finite number of discontinuities in formula for finding an. bn is found by using
only one period sin(nx) instead of cos(nx) in the formula to
c) f(x) has finite number of maxima and find an.
.B

minima
d) f(x) is a periodic, single valued, finite 4. If the function f(x) is even, then which of
the following is zero?
17

Answer: d a) an
Explanation: Dirichlet’s condition for
b) bn
Fourier series expansion is f(x) should be
periodic, single valued and finite; f(x) should c) a0
-R

have finite number of discontinuities in one d) nothing is zero

period and f(x) should have finite number of
maxima and minima in a period. Answer: b
Explanation: Since bn includes sin(nx) term
SE

2. At the point of discontinuity, sum of the which is an odd function, odd times even
series is equal to ___________ function is always odd. So, the integral gives
a) [f (x + 0)– f (x − 0)]
1

2
zero as the result.
b) [f (x + 0) + f (x − 0)]
1
C

5. If the function f(x) is odd, then which of

2

c) [f (x + 0)– f (x − 0)]
1

4
the only coefficient is present?
d) [f (x + 0) + f (x − 0)]
1

4 a) an

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

b) bn when [0,π] and 2 π – x when [ π, 2 π].

a) π
2

c) a0 8

d) everything is present b)
π
2

M
2

Answer: b c) 16

Explanation: Since to find bn we have d)

π 2

2
sin(nx) and the function we have is also odd

O
function, the product of odd function and Answer: a
another odd function yields even function, the Explanation:

C
only coefficient which exists is bn. a0 =
1
(∫
π
xdx)(∫
2 π
(2π − x)dx)
π 0 π
π π
2 2

π π π
1 2 2 2

T.
= [ + 4 − 4 − 2 + ]
6. Find a0 of the function f (x) = √ 1−cosx
. π 2 2
2
= π.
a) 4
π π
π π − x)cos(n
1 2
an = (∫ (xcos(nx)dx))(∫ ((2
π 0 π
b) 2

O
π =
−4

πn
when n is odd and 0 when n is even
π
2

c) 4 bn = 0

SP
π
d) 2
now, substituting x=0 in the given function
and the Fourier series expansion, we get,
Answer: a 0 =
π
−
4
(
1
+
1
+
1
+ ….)
2 π 1
2
2
2 2
3

Explanation: f (x) = √ 1−cosx

= sin(
x
)
Therefore,
π 2

.
G
1 1 1
2 2
2
+ 2
+ 2
+ ……… =
1 3 5 8
1 π
2 x
a0 = ∫ sin( )dx
π 0 2

9. Find an if the function f(x) = x – x3.

LO

1 x 2
= (−cos( ))
π 2

(−2) a) finite value

=
π(−2) b) infinite value
c) zero
4
=
π
d) can’t be found
.B

7. Find a0 of the function f (x) = 1

π − x)
(
2
.

π
2
4
Answer: c
a) 6 Explanation: Since the function is odd
17

π function, odd times even function (cos(nx)) is

2

b)
odd function. So in the given interval, the
12

π 2

c) 5 6 coefficient is zero.
π 2

d) 5
10. Find bn if the function f(x) = x2.
-R

12

Answer: a a) finite value

Explanation: f (x) = 1

4
π − x)
(
2
b) infinite value
π c) zero
SE

(π − x)
1 2 1 2
a = ∫
0
π 0 4
d) can’t be found
= from 0 to 2 π
π )
1 1 2
= (
2 3 Answer: c
π Explanation: Since the given function is even
2

.
C

=
function, even times odd function(sin(nx))
6

8. Find the sum of + + +……… 1 1 1 gives odd function. Hence the coefficient in
the given interval is zero.
2 2 2
1 3 5

using Fourier series expansion if f(x) = a

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

(3x) (5x) (7x)

TOPIC 2.3 HALF RANGE SINE

8 sinx
[ 2
+ sin 2
+ sin 2
+ sin 2
+ ……
π 1 3 5 7

SERIES d)
4 sinx (3x) (5x) (7x)
[ 2
– sin 2
+ sin 2
– sin 2
+ … …]
π 1 3 5 7

M
TOPIC 2.4 HALF RANGE Answer: d
COSINE SERIES Explanation: bn =

O
π/2 π
2

π
[∫
0
xsinnxdx + ∫
π/2
(π − x)sinnxdx ]
1. In half range Fourier series expansion, we sin(n
π
)

know the nature of the function in its full time = 4

[this term is zero whenever n is
2

C
π 2
n

period. even and when odd, it gives 1 or -1]

a) True =

T.
b) False 4
[
sinx
2
– sin
(3x)
2
+ sin
(5x)
2
– sin
(7x)
2
+ ……
π 1 3 5 7

Answer: b 4. Find bn when we have to find the half

Explanation: In half range Fourier series

O
expansion, we know the nature of the range sine series of the function x2 in the
function only in its half of the period. It can interval 0 to 3.

SP
π
be either odd or even function in its full
cos(n )
a) -18 π n
range. We assume it to be even function when π)
b) 18
cos(n

we find half range cosine series and we n π

assume it to be odd function when we find c) -18
cos(nπ/2)

π
G
n
half range sine series. cos(nπ/2)
d) 18 n π
2. In half range cosine Fourier series, we
LO

assume the function to be _________ Answer: a

a) Odd function Explanation: bn = 2

3
∫
0
3
2
x sin(nπ
x

3
)dx

b) Even function cos(n π)

c) Can’t be determined = 2

3
(−27
n π
)
.B

d) Can be anything = −18

cos(n π)
.
π
n

Answer: b
5. What is the formula for Parseval’s relation
Explanation: In half range Fourier series
17

expansion, the nature of the function in half in Fourier series expansion?

2
l a
a) ∫ (f (x)) dx = l[ + ∑ (a + b )]
∞
of its period is only known. So when we find
2 0 2 2
−l 2 n=1 n n

half range cosine series, there are only cosine b) ∫

l
(f (x)) dx = l[
2
a
2
0
+ ∑n=1 (an )]
∞ 2

terms which imply that the function is even

-R

−l 2

function. f(x) = f(-x). c)

2
l a ∞
2 0 2 2
∫ (f (x)) dx = l / 2[ + ∑n=1 (an + bn )]
−l 2

3. Find the half range sine series of the l a

2

d) l ∫ 2 0 ∞ 2 2
SE

(f (x)) dx = [ + ∑n=1 (an + bn )]

function f(x) = x, when 0<x< and (π-x) π

2
−l 2

when <x< π. π

2 Answer: a
a) Explanation: The real life significance of
(3x) (5x) (7x)
+ … …] Parseval’s relation is to find the energy of the
8 sinx
[ – sin + sin – sin
C

2 2 2 2
π 1 3 5 7

b) signal in its time period (1 time period). This

4
[
sinx
+ sin
(3x)
+ sin
(5x)
+ sin
(7x) can be found using the Fourier series
+ … …]
coefficients.
2 2 2 2
π 1 3 5 7

c)

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

8. Find the value of +

2
l a 1 1 1 1
∫
−l
(f (x)) dx = l[
2
2
0 ∞
+ ∑n=1 (an + bn )]
2 2
is + +
1
4 4
3 5
4
7
4

the realtion between the function and the +….by finding the half range Fourier cosine
Fourier series coefficients. series of the function f(x) = x in the interval
0<x<l.

M
6. In Parseval’s relation of Half range Fourier
4

a) π

12

cosine series expansion, which of the b) π

4

following terms doesn’t appear? 48

O
4

a) a0 c) π

24
4

b) an d) π

96

C
c) bn
Answer: d
d) all terms appear Explanation: Using Parseval’s relation,

T.
2
l a ∞
2 0 2 2
Answer: c ∫
−l
(f (x)) dx = l[
2
+ ∑
n=1
(an + bn )]

Explanation: In the expansion of a function l 3

L.H.S. = ∫ x dx = 0
2 l

3
in half range Fourier cosine series, only an

O
a0 = ∫ xdx = l 2 l

and a0 appear. As the function is considered

l 0
l π
an = ∫ 2 n x
xcos( )dx
to be an even function, bn term becomes a

SP
l 0 l

= (
−4l 1
+
1
+
1
+ …)
null value as the integral becomes zero. So, π
2
1
2
3
2
5
2

only bn doesn’t appear in the parseval’s R.H.S. =

2 2
l l l 1 1 1
relation of half range Fourier cosine series. 2
(
2
+ (−4
π
) (
1
4
+ 4
3
+
5
4
+ … . . ))
G
Therefore,
7. Find the value of + + +
1
2
1
1
2
3
1

5
2
1

7
2
1
4
+
1
4
+
1
4
+
1
4
+ ….= (
l
3

−
l
3

)(2
π
4

3
1 3 5 7 3 4 (16l
+….when finding the Half range Fourier sine
LO

series of the function f(x) = 1 in 0<x<π. = π

96
.
2

a) π

4
2
9. In Parseval’s formula for half range Fourier
b) π

8 series, the formula contains l/2 multiplied

.B

c) with the square of individual coefficients.

2
π

d) 3 π
2
a) True
8
b) False
17

Answer: b
Answer: a
Explanation: Using parseval’s relation for
Explanation: The Parseval’s formula for half
half range Fourier sine series,
l a
2
∞
range Fourier cosine series is
2 0 2 2 2
∫ (f (x)) dx = l[ + ∑n=1 (an + bn )]
-R

l l a ∞
−l 2 2 0 2
π
∫ (f (x)) dx = [ + ∑ (an )]
L.H.S. = ∫ 2 0 2 2 n=1
(1) dx = π
π
0
The Parseval’s formula for half range Fourier
bn = ∫ 1.sin(nx)dx
2

π 0 sine series is ∫ (f (x)) dx = ∑ (b ).

l 2 l ∞ 2
n
0 2 n=1

= 2
SE

n
(1 − (−1) )
πn

Using parseval’s formula, 10. What is the value of a0 if the function is

f(x) = x3 in the interval 0 to 5?
π 4 1 1 1 1
π = ∗ 2
∗ 2( 2
+ 2
+ 2
+ 2
+ ….)
2 π 1 3 5 7

Therefore, a) 25/4
C

b) 125/4
2
1 1 1 1 π
2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + ….= .
1 3 5 7 8
c) 625/4
d) 5/4

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

Answer: c 3. Fourier series representation can be used in

Explanation: case of Non-periodic signals too. True or
false?
2
5 l a ∞
3 2 0 2 2
∫ x dx = ∫ (f (x)) dx = l[ + ∑n=1 (an + b )]
a) True
0 −l 2 n

(from 0 to 5)
b) False

M
=
4
5 625
= .
4 4

Answer: b

O
TOPIC 2.5 COMPLEX FORM OF Explanation: False. The Fourier series is the
FOURIER SERIES representation of periodic signals in terms of

C
complex exponentials, or equivalently in
1. What is Fourier series? terms of sine and cosine waveform leads to

T.
a) The representation of periodic signals in a Fourier series. In other words, Fourier series
mathematical manner is called a Fourier is a mathematical tool that allows
series representation of any periodic wave as a sum
b) The representation of non periodic signals of harmonically related sinusoids. They are

O
in a mathematical manner is called a Fourier for periodic signals only.
series

SP
c) The representation of non periodic signals 4. What are the conditions called which are
in terms of complex exponentials or sinusoids required for a signal to fulfil to be represented
is called a Fourier series as Fourier series?
d) The representation of periodic signals in a) Dirichlet’s conditions
G
terms of complex exponentials or sinusoids is b) Gibbs phenomenon
called a Fourier series c) Fourier conditions
d) Fourier phenomenon
LO

Answer: d
Explanation: The Fourier series is the Answer: a
representation of non periodic signals in Explanation: When the Dirichlet’s conditions
terms of complex exponentials, or are satisfied, then only for a signal, the fourier
.B

equivalently in terms of sine and cosine series exist. Fourier series is of two types-
waveform leads to Fourier series. In other trigonometric series and exponential series.
words, Fourier series is a mathematical tool
5. Choose the condition from below that is
17

that allows representation of any periodic

wave as a sum of harmonically related not a part of Dirichlet’s conditions?
sinusoids. a) If it is continuous then there are a finite
number of discontinuities in the period T1
2. Who discovered Fourier series? b) It has a finite average value over the period
-R

a) Jean Baptiste de Fourier T

b) Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier c) It has a finite number of positive and
c) Fourier Joseph negative maxima in the period T
SE

d) Jean Fourier d) It is a periodic signal

Answer: b Answer: d
Explanation: The Fourier series is the Explanation: Even if the Fourier series
representation of non periodic signals in demands periodicity as the major necessity
C

terms of complex exponentials or sine or for its formation still it is not a part of
cosine waveform. This was discovered by Dirichlet’s condition. It is the basic necessity
Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier in 18th century. for Fourier series.

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

6. What are the two types of Fourier series? c) Frequency domain equation
a) Trigonometric and exponential d) Discrete equation
b) Trigonometric and logarithmic
c) Exponential and logarithmic Answer: a
d) Trigonometric only Explanation: The equation – X(t) = ∑Xnejnwt

M
called the synthesis equation of an
Answer: a exponential Fourier series. It is because it is
Explanation: The two types of Fourier series

O
used to synthesize the Fourier series.
are- Trigonometric and exponential. The
exponential is more convenient for Fourier
10. What is the equation – Xn=1/T∫x(t) ejwtn

C
series calculations.
called?
a) Synthesis equation

T.
7. How is a trigonometric Fourier series
represented? b) Analysis equation
a) A0 +∑[ancos(w0t)+ ansin(w0t)] c) Frequency domain equation
b) ∑[ancos(w0t)+ ansin(w0t)] d) Discrete equation

O
c) A0 *∑[ancos(w0t)+ ansin(w0t)] Answer: b
d) A0 +∑[ancos(w0t)+ ansin(w0t)] + sinwt

SP
Explanation: The equation – Xn=1/T∫x(t)e-
jwtn calledthe analysis equation of an
Answer: a
Explanation: A0 + ∑[ancos(w0t)+ exponential Fourier series. It is because it is
used to synthesize the Fourier series.
G
ansin(w0t)] is the correct representation of a
trigonometric Fourier series. Here A0 =
LO

1/T∫x(t)dt and an =2/T∫x(t)cos(w0t)dt and bn=

2/T∫x(t)sin(w0t)dt.
UNIT III APPLICATIONS
8. How is the exponential Fourier series OF PARTIAL
.B

represented?
a) X(t) = ∑Xnejnwt + wt
DIFFERENTIAL
b) X(t) = 1/T∑Xnejnwt
EQUATIONS
17

c) X(t) = ∑Xnejnwt
TOPIC 3.1 CLASSIFICATION OF
d) X(t) = T*∑Xnejnwt
PDE - METHOD OF
SEPARATION OF VARIABLES
-R

Answer: c
Explanation: The exponential Fourier series
is represented as – X(t)=∑Xnejnwt. Here, the 1. Solve ∂u

∂x
= 6
∂u

∂t
+ u using the method of
SE

X(t) is the signal and Xn=1/T∫x(t)e-jnwt. separation of variables if u(x,0) = 10 e-x.

a) 10 e-x e-t/3
9. What is the equation – X(t)=∑Xnejnwt b) 10 ex e-t/3
called? c) 10 ex/3 e-t
C

a) Synthesis equation d) 10 e-x/3 e-t

b) Analysis equation

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

Answer: a X
′

=
k
which implies X = ce
k

2x2

Explanation: u(x,t) = X(x) T(t)

3
X x
′ k

Substituting in the given equation, X’T = 6

Y

Y
=
−k

y
2 which implies Y = c e
′ y

T’X + XT u(x, t) = cc e
′
2x
2
k

e
k
y

M
′ ′
X −X T
= = k 5
′
k
6X T y y
u(0, y) = 10e = cc e
ce(1+6k)x
′
X

X
= 1 + 6k which implies X = Therefore k = 5 and cc’ = 10
T
′

= k which implies T = c’ e
kt −5 5

O
T Hence, u(x, t) = 10e e . 2x2 y

Therefore, u(x,t) = cc’ e(1+6k)x ekt

Now, u(x,0) = 10 e-x = cc’e(1+6k)x 4. Solve the differential equation

C
= 2u using the method of
∂u ∂u

Therefore, cc’ = 10 and k = -1⁄3

5 + 3
∂x ∂y

separation of variables if u(0, y) = 9e −5y

.

T.
Therefore, u(x,t) = 10 e-x e-t/3. 17

a) 9e e 5
x −5y

b) 9e e
13
x −5y
2. Find the solution of = 36 + 10u if
∂u

∂x
∂u

∂t
5

−17

c) 9e

O
x −5y
∂u

∂x
(t = 0) = 3e using the method of −2x e 5

−13

separation of variables. d) 9e e 5
x −5y

SP
a) e e
−3 −2x −t/3
2
Answer: a
b) 3e e x −t/3

Explanation: u(x, t) = X(x)T (t)

c) e e 3

2
2x −t/3
′
5X Y + 3Y X = 2XY
′

d) 3e e −x −t/3
X
′

which implies X = ce
k
k
x
G
= 5
X 5

= 2 − k/3 which implies Y

′ 2−k
Y ′ y
Answer: a Y
= c e 3

Explanation: u(x, t) = X(x)T (t)

k 2−k

Therefore u(x, t) = cc e e
LO

′ x y
5 3

Substituting in the given equation, u(0, y) = cc

′
= e
2−k
3
y
9e
−5y

′ ′
X T = 36T X + 10XT
′
Hence cc’ = 9 and k = 17
X

X
= k which implies X = ce
kx

Therefore, u(x, t) = 9 e
17

5
x −5y
e .
′ (k−10) k−10

which implies T
.B

T ′ t
= = c e 36
T 36
∂u
(t = 0) = 3e
−2x
= cc ke
′ kx 5. Solve the differential equation
∂x
= u using the method of
2 ∂u 2 ∂u

Therefore k = -2 and cc’ = −3

2
x + y
∂x ∂y
17

Hence, u(x, t) = e e
−3

2
−2x −t/3
. separation of variables if u(0, y) = e . y

−3 2

a) e e y x

3. Solve the partial differential equation 3

b) e e
2
y x

= 0 using method of
3 ∂u 2 ∂u
x + y −3 2
-R

∂x ∂y
5
c) e e x y

separation of variables if u(0, y) = 10 e y

.
d) e e
3
x
2

y
5 5

a) 10e 2x2 e y

−5
Answer: c
SE

b) 10e 2y2
e x

−5
−5
Explanation: u(x, t) = X(x)T (t)
c) 10e 2y
2
e x 2 ′
x X Y + y Y X = XY
2 ′
−5 5

d) 10e 2x2
e y
X = ce
−k

k−1
C

′ y
Y = c e
Answer: d −k k−1

Explanation: u(x, t) = X(x)T (t)

′ y
u(x, t) = cc e x e
2 k−1
3 ′ 2 ′
′
x X Y + y Y X = 0 u(0, y) = e y
= cc e y

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

k = 3 and cc’ = 1 Dimensional wave equation, the solution

should be periodic in nature. If k is a positive
−3 2

Therefore u(x, t) = e x
e y
.
number, then the solution comes out to be (c7
6. While solving a partial differential epx⁄c+e-px⁄cc8)(c7 ept+e-ptc8) and if k is

M
equation using a variable separable method,
positive the solution comes out to be
we assume that the function can be written as
(ccos(px/c) + c’sin(px/c))(c’’cospt + c’’’sinpt).
the product of two functions which depend on
Now, since it should be periodic, the solution

O
one variable only.
is (ccos(px/c) + c’sin(px/c))(c’’cospt +
a) True
c’’’sinpt).
b) False

C
9. When solving a 1-Dimensional heat
Answer: a
equation using a variable separable method,

T.
Explanation: If we have a function u(x,t), we get the solution if ______________
then the function u depends on both x and t. a) k is positive
For using the variable separable method we b) k is negative

O
assume that it can be written as u(x,t) =
c) k is 0
X(x).T(t) where X depends only on x and T
d) k can be anything
depends only on t.

SP
Answer: b
7. While solving a partial differential
Explanation: Since this is a heat equation,
equation using a variable separable method,
the solution must be a transient solution, that
we equate the ratio to a constant which?
is it should decay as time increases. This
G
a) can be positive or negative integer or zero
happens only when k is negative and the
b) can be positive or negative rational number
solution comes out to be (c’’cospx +
or zero
LO

2 2
c) must be a positive integer c’’’sinpx) (c e-c p t).
d) must be a negative integer
10. While solving any partial differentiation
Answer: b equation using a variable separable method
.B

Explanation: The constant can be any which is of order 1 or 2, we use the formula
rational number. For example, we use a of fourier series to find the coefficients at last.
positive rational number to solve a 1- a) True
b) False
17

Dimensional wave equation, we use a

negative rational number to solve 1-
Dimensional heat equation, 0 when we have Answer: a
steady state. The choice of constant depends Explanation: After using the boundary
conditions, when we are left with only one
-R

on the nature of the given problem.

constant and one boundary condition, then we
8. When solving a 1-Dimensional wave use Fourier series coefficient formula to find
equation using variable separable method, we the constant.
SE

get the solution if _____________

a) k is positive TOPIC 3.2 FOURIER SERIES
b) k is negative
c) k is 0
SOLUTIONS OF ONE
DIMENSIONAL WAVE
C

d) k can be anything
EQUATION
Answer: b
Explanation: Since the given problem is 1-

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

1. The partial differential equation of 1- rod without radiation with conditions:

Dimensional heat equation is ___________ i) u(x,t) is finite for t tends to infinite
a) ut = c2uxx ii) ux(0,t) = 0 and ux(l,t) = 0
b) ut = puxx iii) u(x,t) = x(l-x) for t=0 between x=0 and

M
x=l, which condition is the best to use in the
c) utt = c2uxx first place?
d) ut = – c2uxx a) ux(0,t) = ux(l,t) = 0

O
b) u(x,t) = x(l-x) for t=0 between x=0 and
Answer: a x=l.
Explanation: The one-dimensional heat c) u(x,t) = x(l-x) for x=0 between t=0 and t=l.

C
equation is given by ut = c2uxx where c is the d) u(0,t) = u(l,t) = 0

T.
constant and ut represents the one time partial
Answer: a
differentiation of u and uxx represents the Explanation: Boundary conditions are
double time partial differentiation of u. always used first to solve the partial

O
differential equations. Using these boundary
2. When using the variable separable method conditions, we can remove one constant thus
to solve a partial differential equation, then making only one constant remaining to

SP
the function can be written as the product of remove. The last constant is removed using
functions depending only on one variable. For the initial conditions.
example, U(x,t) = X(x)T(t).
a) True 5. Solve the 1-Dimensional heat equation for
G
b) False the conduction of heat along the rod without
radiation with conditions:
LO

Answer: a i) u(x,t) is finite for t tends to infinite

Explanation: When solving a partial ii) ux(0,t) = 0 and ux(l,t) = 0
differential equation using a variable iii) u(x,t) = x(l-x) for t=0 between x=0 and
separable method, then the function can be x=l.
written as the product of functions depending a) U(x,t) =
.B

on one variable only. l

2
πx
n
−c
2
n
2
π2 t 2
2 −4l
/2 + ∑ cos( )e l
3 l
(2m) +
2
π 2

3. The one dimensional heat equation can be 2 2

π2 t
πx −c n
17

b) U(x,t) =
2 n
solved using a variable separable method. l

3
+ ∑ cos(
l
)e l2
−4l
2
(2m) + π 2

The constant which appears in the solution 2 2

π 2

πx
−c n t
2 2

should be __________ c) U(x,t) = l

+ ∑ cos(
n
)e l2
4l

π
2
3 l 2
(2m) +

a) Positive d) U(x,t) =
-R

b) Negative 2
πx
n
−c
2
n
2
π2 t 2
l 4l
c) Zero 3
/2 + ∑ cos(
l
)e l2

(2m) +
2
π 2

d) Can be anything
Answer: a
SE

Answer: b Explanation: u(x,t) = (c cospx + c’ sinpx)

Explanation: Since the problems are dealing 2
on heat conduction, the solution must be a (c’’ e-p c2t)
2
transient solution. Therefore the constant ux = (-cp sinpx + c’p cospx) (c’’ e-p c2t)
C

should be negative, i.e., k = – p2. Applying the first condition of second

condition,
4. When solving the 1-Dimensional heat C’ = 0
equation for the conduction of heat along the

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

Now applying the second condition of the 8. Solve the equation ut = uxx with the
second condition, boundary conditions u(x,0) = 3 sin (nπx) and
π
u(0,t)=0=u(1,t) where 0<x<1 and t>0.
n
p =
l
2 2
Now we have only one constant left. This can a) 3 ∑
∞
e-n π t cos(nπx)

M
be solved using the third condition. n=1

2 2
b) ∑ e-n π t sin(nπx)
∞
2 2
π2 t
πx
−c n

U(x,t) = a0
+ ∑ cos(
n
)an e l2
n=1

2 2
e-n π t sin(nπx)
2 l
c) 3 ∑
∞

O
l 2
2 l
n=1
a0 = ∫ x(l − x)dx =
l 0 3
2 2
an =
2
∫
l
x(l − x)cosnxdx =
−4l
2

.
d) ∑ ∞

n=1
e-n π t cos(nπx)
l 0
(2m) +
2
π 2

C
2 2
π2 t
πx Answer: c
−c n 2
2 n
l −4l
U (x, t) = /2 + ∑ cos( )e l2 .
π 2

Explanation: u(x,t) = (c cospx + c’ sinpx)

3 l (2m) +
2

T.
2
6. A rod of 30cm length has its ends P and Q (c’’ e-p t)
kept 20°C and 80°C respectively until steady When x=0, c=0 and when x=1, p=nπ.
2 2
state condition prevail. The temperature at When t=0, 3 sin (nπx) = ∑ bn e-n π t

O
∞

n=1
each point end is suddenly reduced to 0°C sin(nπx)
and kept so. Find the conditions for solving Therefore bn =3 for all n

SP
the equation. 2 2
a) u(0,t) = 0 = u(30,t) and u(x,0) = 20 + 60/10 Hence the solution is 3 ∑ e-n π t
∞

n=1

x sin(nπx).
b) ux(0,t) = 0 = ux(30,t) and u(x,0) = 20 +
G
60/30 x 9. If two ends of a bar of length l is insulated
c) ut(0,t) = 0 = ut(30,t) and u(x,0) = 20 + then what are the conditions to solve the heat
flow equation?
LO

60/10 x
d) u(0,t) = 0 = u(30,t) and u(x,0) = 20 + 60/30 a) ux(0,t) = 0 = ux(l,t)
x b) ut(0,t) = 0 = ut(l,t)
c) u(0,t) = 0 = u(l,t)
Answer: d d) uxx(0,t) = 0 = uxx(l,t)
.B

Explanation: 0 and 30 are the end points. So,

at these points the function is zero. Hence Answer: a
u(0,t) = 0 = u(30,t). Next due to steady state Explanation: Since the ends are insulated no
17

conditions, at the beginning that is initial heat can flow through the ends of the bar.
conditions, we have u(x,0) = 20 + 60/30 x. Therefore ux(0,t) = 0 = ux(l,t).
7. Is it possible to have a solution for 1-
10. The ends A and B of a rod of 20cm length
-R

Dimensional heat equation which does not

are kept at 30°C and 80°C until steady state
converge as time approaches infinity?
prevails. What is the condition u(x,0)?
a) Yes
b) No a) 20 + 5⁄2 x
SE

b) 30 + 5⁄2 x
Answer: b
c) 30 + 2x
Explanation: It is not possible to have a
d) 20 + 2x
solution which does not converge as time
C

approaches infinity because the solution to a Answer: b

heat equation must be transient. Explanation: uxx=0.
The solution to this equation is u=a+bx. Since

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

at x=0, u=30 and at x=20, u=80, 4. Heat transfer in a long, hollow cylinder
a = 30 and b =
(80−30)
=
5 which is maintained at uniform but different
temperatures on its inner and outer surfaces
20 2

Therefore, u= 30 + x. 5

2
may be assumed to be taking place in which
direction?

M
TOPIC 3.3 ONE DIMENSIONAL a) Axial only
EQUATION OF HEAT b) Unpredictable

O
c) Radial only
CONDUCTION d) No heat transfer takes place

C
1. Regarding one dimensional heat transfer, Answer: c
choose the correct statement. Explanation: Ambient temperature is

T.
a) Steady – f (x), Unsteady – f (x, t) uniform on the periphery of cylinder and
b) Steady – f (x, t), Unsteady – f (x) temperature is uniform. So it takes place in
c) Steady – f (x, y, t), Unsteady – f (x) the radial direction only.
d) Steady – f (y, z), Unsteady – f (y)

O
5. Heat transfer takes place according to
Answer: a which law?

SP
Explanation: In case of one dimensional heat a) Newton’s law of cooling
flow steady state is a function of x coordinate b) Second law of thermodynamics
only while unsteady state is a function of x c) Newton’s second law of motion
coordinate and time only. d) First law of thermodynamics
G
2. Which statement is true regarding steady Answer: b
state condition? Explanation: Second law states about heat
LO

a) There is a variation in temperature in the transfer between source and sink.

course of time
b) Heat exchange is constant 6. Heat transfer takes place in liquids and
c) It is a function of space and time gases is essentially due to
.B

coordinates a) Radiation
d) Internal energy of the system changes b) Conduction
c) Convection
Answer: b d) Conduction as well as convection
17

Explanation: Heat influx is always equal to

heat efflux. It is a function of space Answer: c
coordinates only. Explanation: Convection is a process by
which thermal energy is transferred between
-R

3. Which of the following is an example of solid and fluid flowing through it.
steady state heat transfer?
a) Boilers and turbines 7. The appropriate rate equation for
b) Cooling of I.C engine convective heat transfer between a surface
SE

c) Chilling effect of cold wind on a warm and adjacent fluid is prescribed by

body a) Newton’s first law
d) Electric bulb cools down by the b) Wein’s displacement law
surrounding atmosphere c) Kirchhoff’s law
C

d) Newton’s law of cooling

Answer: d
Explanation: System is a perfect black body.

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

Answer: d TOPIC 3.4 STEADY STATE

Explanation: The rate equation used to
describe the mechanism of convection is SOLUTION OF TWO
called Newton’s law of cooling when the DIMENSIONAL EQUATION OF
solid surface is cooled by the fluid. HEAT CONDUCTION.

M
8. Identify the wrong statement
a) The process of heat transfer is an 1. The partial differential equation of 1-

O
irreversible process Dimensional heat equation is ___________
b) For heat exchange, a temperature gradient a) ut = c2uxx

C
must exist b) ut = puxx
c) A material medium is not necessary for
c) utt = c2uxx

T.
heat transmission
d) Heat flow doesn’t depend on temperature d) ut = – c2uxx

Answer: d Answer: a

O
Explanation: Heat flows from higher to Explanation: The one-dimensional heat
lower temperature. equation is given by ut = c2uxx where c is the

SP
9. During a cold winter season, a person constant and ut represents the one time partial
prefers to sit near a fire. Which of the differentiation of u and uxx represents the
following modes of heat transfer provides double time partial differentiation of u.
G
him the maximum heat?
a) Conduction from the fire 2. When using the variable separable method
b) If it is near the fire, convection sounds to solve a partial differential equation, then
LO

good the function can be written as the product of

c) Convection and radiation together functions depending only on one variable. For
d) Radiation will provide quick warmth example, U(x,t) = X(x)T(t).
a) True
.B

Answer: d b) False
Explanation: Heat transfer by radiation can
occur between two bodies even when they are Answer: a
separated by a medium colder than both of Explanation: When solving a partial
17

them. differential equation using a variable

separable method, then the function can be
10. Most unsteady heat flow occurs written as the product of functions depending
a) Through the walls of the refrigerator on one variable only.
-R

b) During annealing of castings

c) Through the walls of the furnace 3. The one dimensional heat equation can be
d) Through lagged pipe carrying steam solved using a variable separable method.
SE

The constant which appears in the solution

Answer: b should be __________
Explanation: Under steady state condition, a) Positive
with time there is a change in temperature i.e. b) Negative
temperature field is a function of space and c) Zero
C

time. d) Can be anything

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

Answer: b Answer: a
Explanation: Since the problems are dealing Explanation: u(x,t) = (c cospx + c’ sinpx)
on heat conduction, the solution must be a 2
(c’’ e-p c2t)
transient solution. Therefore the constant 2
should be negative, i.e., k = – p2. ux = (-cp sinpx + c’p cospx) (c’’ e-p c2t)

M
Applying the first condition of second
4. When solving the 1-Dimensional heat condition,

O
equation for the conduction of heat along the C’ = 0
rod without radiation with conditions: Now applying the second condition of the
i) u(x,t) is finite for t tends to infinite second condition,

C
π
ii) ux(0,t) = 0 and ux(l,t) = 0 p =
n

iii) u(x,t) = x(l-x) for t=0 between x=0 and Now we have only one constant left. This can

T.
x=l, which condition is the best to use in the be solved using the third condition.
first place? π2 t
2 2

πx
−c n

U(x,t) =
a0 n
l2
+ ∑ cos( )an e
a) ux(0,t) = ux(l,t) = 0 2 l

O
l 2
2 l
a0 = ∫ x(l − x)dx =
b) u(x,t) = x(l-x) for t=0 between x=0 and l 0 3
2
l
x=l.
2 −4l
an = ∫ x(l − x)cosnxdx = .
l 0
(2m) +
2
π 2

SP
c) u(x,t) = x(l-x) for x=0 between t=0 and t=l. 2 2
π 2
2 nπx −c n t 2

d) u(0,t) = u(l,t) = 0
l −4l
U (x, t) = /2 + ∑ cos( )e l2
3 l (2m) +
2
π 2

Answer: a 6. A rod of 30cm length has its ends P and Q

Explanation: Boundary conditions are
G
kept 20°C and 80°C respectively until steady
always used first to solve the partial state condition prevail. The temperature at
differential equations. Using these boundary each point end is suddenly reduced to 0°C
LO

conditions, we can remove one constant thus and kept so. Find the conditions for solving
making only one constant remaining to the equation.
remove. The last constant is removed using a) u(0,t) = 0 = u(30,t) and u(x,0) = 20 + 60/10
the initial conditions. x
.B

b) ux(0,t) = 0 = ux(30,t) and u(x,0) = 20 +

5. Solve the 1-Dimensional heat equation for
the conduction of heat along the rod without 60/30 x
radiation with conditions: c) ut(0,t) = 0 = ut(30,t) and u(x,0) = 20 +
17

i) u(x,t) is finite for t tends to infinite 60/10 x

ii) ux(0,t) = 0 and ux(l,t) = 0 d) u(0,t) = 0 = u(30,t) and u(x,0) = 20 + 60/30
iii) u(x,t) = x(l-x) for t=0 between x=0 and x
x=l.
-R

a) U(x,t) = Answer: d
2
πx
n
−c
2
n
2
π 2
t
2
Explanation: 0 and 30 are the end points. So,
l −4l

3
/2 + ∑ cos(
l
)e l
2

(2m) +
2
π 2 at these points the function is zero. Hence
u(0,t) = 0 = u(30,t). Next due to steady state
SE

2 2
π 2
πx −c n t 2

b) U(x,t) =
2 n
l −4l

3
+ ∑ cos(
l
)e l2
2
(2m) + π 2 conditions, at the beginning that is initial
2
πx
−c
2
n
2
π2 t 2
conditions, we have u(x,0) = 20 + 60/30 x.
c) U(x,t) = l n 4l
l2
+ ∑ cos( )e
π
2
3 l 2
(2m) +

d) U(x,t) = 7. Is it possible to have a solution for 1-

C

2
πx
n
−c
2
n
2
π2 t 2
Dimensional heat equation which does not
l 4l

3
/2 + ∑ cos(
l
)e l2

(2m) +
2
π 2 converge as time approaches infinity?

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

a) Yes a) 20 + 5⁄2 x
b) No
b) 30 + 5⁄2 x
Answer: b c) 30 + 2x
Explanation: It is not possible to have a d) 20 + 2x

M
solution which does not converge as time
approaches infinity because the solution to a Answer: b
heat equation must be transient. Explanation: uxx=0.

O
The solution to this equation is u=a+bx. Since
8. Solve the equation ut = uxx with the at x=0, u=30 and at x=20, u=80,

C
boundary conditions u(x,0) = 3 sin (nπx) and a = 30 and b = (80−30)
=
5

u(0,t)=0=u(1,t) where 0<x<1 and t>0. 20 2

Therefore, u= 30 + x. 5

T.
a) 3 ∑ ∞ -n2 π2 t
e cos(nπx)
2

n=1

b) ∑ ∞
e -n2 π2 t sin(nπx)
n=1

O
c) 3 ∑ ∞ -n2 π2 t
e sin(nπx)
UNIT IV FOURIER
n=1

d) ∑ ∞
e -n2 π2 t cos(nπx)

SP
TRANSFORMS
n=1

Answer: c
Explanation: u(x,t) = (c cospx + c’ sinpx)
2 TOPIC 4.1 STATEMENT OF
(c’’ e-p t)
G
When x=0, c=0 and when x=1, p=nπ.
FOURIER INTEGRAL
2 2 THEOREM
When t=0, 3 sin (nπx) = ∑ ∞
bn e-n π t
LO

n=1

sin(nπx)
1. In Fourier transform
Therefore bn =3 for all n ∞
f (p) = ∫
(ipx)
e F (x)dx, e
(ipx)
is said to be
-n2 π2 t
−∞

Hence the solution is 3 ∑ ∞

n=1
e Kernel function.
.B

sin(nπx). a) True
b) False
9. If two ends of a bar of length l is insulated
then what are the conditions to solve the heat Answer: a
17

flow equation? Explanation: In any transform, apart from

a) ux(0,t) = 0 = ux(l,t) function given, the other function is said to be
b) ut(0,t) = 0 = ut(l,t) Kernel function. So, here in Fourier
transform, e(ipx) is said to be the Kernel
-R

c) u(0,t) = 0 = u(l,t)
d) uxx(0,t) = 0 = uxx(l,t) function.

Answer: a 2. Fourier Transform of e −|x|

is
2
. Then
SE

2
1+p

Explanation: Since the ends are insulated no what is the fourier transform of e −2|x|
?
heat can flow through the ends of the bar. a) 4

(4+p )
2

Therefore ux(0,t) = 0 = ux(l,t).

b) 2

(4+p )
2
C

10. The ends A and B of a rod of 20cm length c) 2

(2+p )
2

are kept at 30°C and 80°C until steady state d) 4

2
(2+p )
prevails. What is the condition u(x,0)?

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

Answer: a Answer: a
a
Explanation: e −2|x|
= e
−|2x|
= F (2x) Explanation: f (p) = ∫ −a
e
ipx
dx
1 p ipx
F {F (2x)} =
2
f(
2
) =
e

ip
from -a to a
1 2
= e
iap
−e
−iap

M
p2
2
(1+ )
=
4 ip
4
.
(ap)
= 2 . = 2sin
(4+p )
p

O
3. What is the fourier sine transform of e-ax? 6. In Finite Fourier Cosine Transform, if the
a) 4
2
upper limit l = π, then its inverse is given by
(4+p )
________

C
b) 4 a

(4a +p )
2 2
a) F (x) = π ∑ f c(p)cos(px) + π f c(0)
2 ∞

p=1
1

c)
p

T.
b) F (x) =
2 2 2 ∞
(a +p )
∑ f c(p)cos(px)
π p=1
d) 2 p

c) F (x) =
2 2 2 ∞ px
(a +p )
∑p=1 f c(p)cos( )
π π

Answer: c d) F (x) = 2
∑
∞
f c(p)cos(px) +
1
f c(0)

O
π p=0 π
Explanation: Fourier sine transform of
F (x) = ∫
∞
e
−ax
sin(px)dx Answer: a

SP
Explanation: Now since we have fourier
0

from 0 to
−ax
e
= (−asin(px) − pcos(px))
2
(a +p )
2
cosine transform, we have to use the constant
∞
π . And since while writing as sum of series it
2

.
p
= 2
(a +p )
2
also has a term if p=0. Hence,
G
2 ∞ 1
F (x) = ∑ f c(p)cos(px) + f c(0)
π π
4. Find the fourier sine transform of 2
(a +x )
x
2
.
p=1
LO

a) 2πe −ap
7. Find the Fourier Cosine Transform of F(x)
π
b) e 2
−ap
= 2x for 0<x<4.
c) π e 2 −ap
a) f c(p) = π (cos(pπ) − 1)p not equal to
(p
32
2 2
)

d) πe −ap
0 and if equal to 0 f c(p) = 16
.B

b) f c(p) = π (cos(pπ) − 1)p not equal to

32
2

Answer: b
2
(p )

Explanation: Fourier transform of 0 and if equal to 0 f c(p) = 32

c) f c(p) = π (cos(pπ) − 1)p not equal to
64
17

−ax p
e is 2 2
2
(a +p ) (p )

Substitute x=m and p=x. 0 and if equal to 0 f c(p) = 16

π −am
∞
x
d) f c(p) = π (cos(pπ) − 1)p not equal to
32
e = ∫ 2 2
sin(mx)dx 2
2 0 x +a (p )

Therefore, fourier sine transform of 0 and if equal to 0 f c(p) = 64

-R

x π −ap
2 2
is e .
(a +x ) 2
Answer: a
π
Explanation: f c(p) = ∫
4 p x

5. Find the fourier transform of F(x) = 1, |x| 2xcos( )dx

SE

0 4

<a0, otherwise. 4xsin(

π
p x
) 16cos(
p x π
)
= 2[
π
4
+
4
] from 0 to 4
a) 2sin π
(ap) 2
p 2
p
p

(ap) =
32
(cos(p ) − 1) π
b) 2asin p
(p
2
π 2
)
C

c) 4sin
(ap)
When p = 0, f c(p) = ∫ 0
2xdx = 16.
p

(ap)
d) 4asin p

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

8. If Fourier transform of e −|x|

=
1+p
2
2
, then b) 2
(a +p )(b +p )
2ab
2 2 2

find the fourier transform of t 2

e
−|x|
. c) 2
(a +p )(b +p )
2
4
2 2

a) 4

d)
2 2
2 a b
1+p
2 2 2 2
(a +p )(b +p )
b) −2

M
2
1+p

c) 2

1+p
2 Answer: a
d) −4 Explanation: Fourier transform of

O
2
1+p −a|x| 2a
e = 2 2
a +p

Answer: b Fourier transform of e −b|x|

= 2
2b
2

C
b +p

Explanation: F {e −|x|
} =
1+p
2
2 fourier transform of
−a|x| −b|x| 2a 2b
F {t e
2 −|x|
} = (−i)
2 2
=
−2
. e ∗ e = .

T.
2 2 2 2
2 2 a +p b +p
1+p 1+p

= 2
(a +p )(b +p )
4ab
2 2 2 .
9. If F c{e −ax
} =
a +p
2
p
2
, find the
12. What is the Fourier transform of eax?
−ax

O
F s{−a e }.

a) 4
p

a +p
2 2 (a>0)
a)
p
2

b) −p

SP
2 2
a +p
2 2
a +p
2 b) 2 a

c) 4
p a +p
2 2

c) −2
2 2 a
a +p

d)
p 2
a +p
2

d) cant’t be found
2 2
a +p
G
Answer: b Answer: d
Explanation:−a e −ax d −ax ′

Explanation: Fourier transform of eax, does

= (e ) = F (x)
LO

dx
′
F s{F (x)} = −pf c(p)
2
not exist because the function does not
.
−p
= 2
a +p
2 converge. The function is divergent.
−1

10. Find the fourier transform of . (u’(p,t) ∂ u

2
13. F (x) = x is self reciprocal under (
2
)
.B

Fourier cosine transform.

∂x

denotes the fourier transform of u(x,t)).

a) True
a) (ip)2 u’(p,t) b) False
b) (-ip)2 u’(p,t)
17

c) (-ip)2 u(p,t) Answer: a

d) (ip)2 u(p,t) Explanation:
−1 −1
( ) ∞ ( )
F c{x 2 } = ∫ x 2 cos(px)dx = constant
-R

Answer: a Inverse fourier transform of

2 2 −1 −1
∞
Explanation: F { } = ∫ e
∂ u

∂x
2
−∞
∂ u

∂x
2
ipx
dx p
(
2
)
= constant ∗ x
(
2
)

−1

= e from (-infinity to infinity)

ipx ∂u
Hence the function x (
2
)
is self reciprocal.
SE

∂x
∞
ipx
–∫ ip e u
14. Find the fourier cosine transform of e-ax *
−∞
2 ′
= (ip) u (p, t)
e-ax.
11. What is the fourier transform of e-a|x| * e-
2

a)
p
C

2 2
a +p

b|x|? 2

b)
p
2 2 2
(a +p )
a) 2
(a +p )(b +p )
2
4ab
2 2

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

b) f (t) = ω)e ω ω
2
1 ∞
c) 4 p j t
∫ F( d
2
(a +p )
2 2 2 π −∞

ωt
c) f (t) = ω)e ω
1 ∞ −j
2
∫ F( d
d)
−p
2 2 2
2π 0
(a +p )

ω)e ω
∞
d) f (t) = 1

2 π
∫
0
F(
j t
d ω
Answer: b

M
Explanation = fourier cosine transform of Answer: b
e
−ax
= 2
a +p
p
2
Explanation: Synthesis equation converts

O
fourier cosine transform of from frequency domain to time domain. The
e
−ax
∗ e
−ax
=
p
.
p synthesis equation of fourier transform is
2 2 2 2
ω ∞
F (ω)e dω.
a +p a +p 1 j t
f (t) = ∫

C
2
π −∞
.
p 2
= 2 2 2
(a +p )

3. Find the fourier transform of an

T.
15. Find the fourier sine transform of F(x) = - exponential signal f(t) = e-at u(t), a>0.
x when x<c and (π – x) when x>c and 0≤c≤π. a) 1

π ω
a) cos(pc)
a+j

b)

O
c 1

b) π cos(pc) a−j ω
p
c) 1

ω
c) π cos(pπ)
−a+j

SP
c
d) 1

d) p π cos(pc)
−a−j ω
c

Answer: a
Answer: b
Explanation: Explanation: Given f(t)= e-at u(t)
G
π 0 t < 0
f s(p) =– ∫
c

0
xsin(px)dx + ∫
c
( We know that u(t) = {
π − x)sin(px)dx
1 t > 0
π
LO

=
p
cos(pc).
Fourier transform,
ωt ωt
F (ω) = ∫
∞ −j ∞ −at −j
f (t)e dt = ∫ e u(t)e
−∞ −∞

TOPIC 4.2 FOURIER F(ω) = ω

, a>0. a+j
1

TRANSFORM PAIR
.B

4. Find the fourier transform of the function

1. Which of the following is the Analysis f(t) = e-a|t|, a>0.
equation of Fourier Transform? a) 2a
17

2
ω
a −
2

a) F (ω) = ∫ f (t)e ω dt
∞
j t
−∞ b) 2
a +
2a

ω 2

b) F (ω) = ∫ f (t)e ω dt
∞
−j t
0 c) ω
2a
2

c) F (ω) = ∫ f (t)e ω dt
∞ 2
j t −a

0
d) a
-R

d) F (ω) = ∫ f (t)e ω dt ω
∞ 2
−j t 2
a +
−∞

Answer: b
Answer: d
Explanation: The given two-sided
Explanation: For converting time domain to
SE

frequency domain, we use analysis equation. exponential function f(t) = e-a|t|, a>0 can be
The Analysis equation of Fourier Transform expressed as
is F (ω) = ∫ f (t)e ω dt.
∞ −at
−j t e t ≥ 0
−∞ f (t) = {
at
e t ≤ 0
C

2. Choose the correct synthesis equation. The Fourier transform is

a) f (t) = π ∫ F (ω)e ω dω
∞
1 −j t

2 −∞

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

F( ω) = ∫
∞
f (t)e
−j ωt
dt = ∫
0
f (t)e
−jωt
dt + ∫Answer:
∞
d ω dt
f (t)e
−j t

−∞ −∞ 0
Explanation: Fourier transform of gate
F (ω) = .
1 1 2a
+ =
ω ω ω 2
τ
function, G(ω) = ω sin( )
a+j a−j 2
a + 2 w

5. Gate function is defined as Multiplying and dividing by τ we get

M
w τ π τ
2 f

______________ G( ω) = τ
sin(
2
)
= τ
sin(
2
)
= τ
sin(πτf )
= τsi
τ
w τ π τ
2 f πτf
2 2
1 |t| <
a) G(t) = { 2
.

O
0 elsewhere
τ
b) G(t) = {
1 |t| >
2 8. Bandwidth of the gate function is
__________

C
0 elsewhere
τ a) τ Hz
c) G(t) = {1 |t| ≤
2
b) τ Hz 1

T.
0 elsewhere
τ c) 2τ Hz
1 |t| ≥
d) G(t) = { 2

0 elsewhere d) τ Hz 2

O
Answer: a Answer: b
Explanation: A gate function is a rectangular Explanation: The practical bandwidth of the

SP
function defined as gate function corresponds to the first zero
τ crossing in the spectrum. Therefore, the
t 1 |t| <
G(t) = rect( ) = { 2
π
τ
bandwidth of the pulse or gate function is τ
2
0 elsewhere

Where τ is pulse width. or τ Hz.

G
1

6. Find the fourier transform of the gate

9. Which of the following is not a fourier
LO

function.
ωτ transform pair?
a) ω sin( )
1

2
a) u(t) ↔ πδ(ω) + ω 1

j
ωτ
b) 1

ω
cos(
2
)
b) sgn(t) ↔ 2

ω j
ωτ
c) ω
.B

ω
sin(
2
)
c) A ↔ 2πδ( ) 2
ωτ ωτ
d) 2

ω
cos(
2
) d) G(t) ↔ sa( ) 2
17

Answer: c Answer: d
Explanation: Gate function is defined as Explanation: G(t) ↔ sa( ωτ ) is not a fourier 2
τ
G(t) = {
1 |t| <
2
transform pair.
ωτ
0 elsewhere G(t) ↔ τsa( ) (or) G(t) ↔ G(t)τsinc(τf )
-R

2
The fourier transform is .
∞
ω τ /2
ωt ωτ
F (ω) = ∫
−j t −j 2
f (t)e dt = ∫ e dt = sin( )
−∞ τ − /2 ω 2

. 10. Find the fourier transform of the unit step

SE

function.
7. Choose the wrong option. a) πδ(ω) + ω 1

a) G(t) = rect( τ ) t
b) πδ(ω) + 1

j ω
τ τ
b) G(t) = u(t + ) – u(t- ) c) πδ(ω) – 1
C

2 2 ω
j
τ
c) G(ω) = τ sa( )
w

2
d) δ(ω) + 1

jω
d) G(f) = τ sinc(f)

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

Answer: b 3. What is the fourier sine transform of e-ax?

Explanation: We know that sgn(t) = 2u(t) – a) 4

1.
2
(4+p )

u(t) = [sgn(t)+1] Its Fourier transform is

1 b) 4 (4a +p )
a
2 2

2
c)
p

M
F[u(t)] = F[sgn(t)] + F[1]
1

2
1

2
2
(a +p )
2

As the Fourier transforms F[1] = 2πδ(ω) and d) 2 2

(a +p )
p
2

[sgn(t)] = ω , hence 2

O
j

F[u(t)] = πδ(ω) + 1
. Answer: c
j ω
Explanation: Fourier sine transform of

C
∞ −ax
F (x) = ∫ e sin(px)dx
0

TOPIC 4.3 FOURIER SINE AND =

e
2
−ax

2
(−asin(px) − pcos(px)) from 0 to
COSINE TRANSFORMS -
(a +p )

T.
∞
PROPERTIES - TRANSFORMS = 2
p
2 .
(a +p )

OF SIMPLE FUNCTIONS

O
4. Find the fourier sine transform of 2
x

(a +x )
2
.

1. In Fourier transform a) 2πe −ap

SP
∞
f (p) = ∫
−∞
(ipx)
e F (x)dx, e
(ipx)
is said to be b) π e −ap

2
Kernel function. c) π e 2 −ap

a) True
b) False d) πe −ap
G
Answer: a Answer: b
Explanation: In any transform, apart from Explanation: Fourier transform of
LO

−ax p

function given, the other function is said to be e is 2

(a +p )
2

Kernel function. So, here in Fourier Substitute x=m and p=x.

π
transform, e(ipx) is said to be the Kernel
∞ x
−am
e = ∫ 2 2
sin(mx)dx
2 0 x +a

function. Therefore, fourier sine transform of

.B

x π −ap
is e .
2. Fourier Transform of e 2
. Then
−|x| 2 2
(a +x ) 2
is 2
1+p

what is the fourier transform of e −2|x|

? 5. Find the fourier transform of F(x) = 1, |x|
17

a) 4

(4+p )
2 <a0, otherwise.
b) 2

(4+p )
2 a) 2sin
(ap)

c) 2
b) 2asin
(ap)
-R

2
(2+p ) p

d) 4

(2+p )
2 c) 4sin
(ap)

d) 4asin
(ap)

Answer: a p
SE

Explanation: e −2|x|
= e
−|2x|
= F (2x)
1 p
Answer: a
F {F (2x)} = f( )
Explanation: f (p) = ∫
a
ipx
2 2 e dx
−a
1 2
= ipx
2
(1+
p2
) =
e

ip
from -a to a
C

4 iap −iap
e −e
= 2 . =
(4+p )
ip

(ap)
= 2sin
p
.

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

6. In Finite Fourier Cosine Transform, if the Answer: b

upper limit l = π, then its inverse is given by Explanation: F {e −|x|
} =
1+p
2
2

________
F {t e
2 −|x|
} = (−i)
2 2
=
−2
.
a) F (x) = π ∑ f c(p)cos(px) + π f c(0)
2 ∞

p=1
1 1+p
2
1+p
2

M
b) F (x) = 2

π
∞
∑p=1 f c(p)cos(px) 9. If F c{e −ax
} = 2
p
2 , find the
a +p

c) F (x) = 2 ∞ px
−ax
∑ f c(p)cos( ) F s{−a e }.
π p=1 π

O
a) 4
p
d) F (x) = 2 ∞ 1
∑p=0 f c(p)cos(px) + f c(0)
π π a +p
2 2

b)
−p
2 2

Answer: a a +p

C
2

c) 4
p

Explanation: Now since we have fourier a +p

2 2

cosine transform, we have to use the constant d) p

T.
2 2
a +p
2

π
. And since while writing as sum of series it
also has a term if p=0. Hence, Answer: b
2 ∞ 1
Explanation:−a e −ax
=
d
(e
−ax
) = F (x)
′

O
F (x) = ∑ f c(p)cos(px) + f c(0)
π p=1 π dx
′
F s{F (x)} = −pf c(p)

7. Find the Fourier Cosine Transform of F(x)

2

.
−p
=

SP
2 2
a +p
= 2x for 0<x<4.
a) f c(p) = π (cos(pπ) − 1)p not equal to
32
2

(p
2 2
) 10. Find the fourier transform of . (u’(p,t) ∂ u

∂x
2

0 and if equal to 0 f c(p) = 16 denotes the fourier transform of u(x,t)).

b) f c(p) = (cos(pπ) − 1)p not equal to
G
a) (ip)2 u’(p,t)
32

π
2 2
(p )

0 and if equal to 0 f c(p) = 32 b) (-ip)2 u’(p,t)

LO

c) f c(p) = π (cos(pπ) − 1)p not equal to c) (-ip)2 u(p,t)

64
2
(p )

0 and if equal to 0 f c(p) = 16 d) (ip)2 u(p,t)

d) f c(p) = π (cos(pπ) − 1)p not equal to
32

Answer: a
2
(p )

0 and if equal to 0 f c(p) = 64

.B

2 2
∞
Explanation: F { } = ∫ e
∂ u

∂x
2
−∞
∂ u

∂x
2
ipx
dx

Answer: a = e from (-infinity to infinity)

ipx ∂u
∂x
∞
πx ipx
Explanation: f c(p) = ∫
4 p
2xcos( )dx –∫ ip e u
17

−∞
0 4
2 ′
p πx p πx = (ip) u (p, t)
4xsin( ) 16cos( )
= 2[
pπ
4
+
p
2
π
2
4
] from 0 to 4
=
32
(cos(p ) − 1) π 11. What is the fourier transform of e-a|x| * e-
(p
2
π 2
) b|x|?
-R

4
When p = 0, f c(p) = ∫ 0
2xdx = 16.
a) 2
4ab
2 2 2
(a +p )(b +p )

8. If Fourier transform of e −|x|

=
2
, then b) 2
(a +p )(b +p )
2ab
2 2 2
2
SE

1+p

find the fourier transform of t 2

e
−|x|
.
c) 2
(a +p )(b +p )
2
4
2 2

a) 4 2 2

1+p
2 d) 2
(a +p )(b +p )
a b
2 2 2

b) −2

1+p
2

Answer: a
C

c) 2

1+p
2
Explanation: Fourier transform of
d) −4

1+p
2
e
−a|x|
=
2a
2 2
a +p

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

p p
Fourier transform of e −b|x| 2b −ax −ax
= 2 2
e ∗ e = 2 2
. 2 2
b +p a +p a +p

fourier transform of
2

= 2
(a +p )
p
2 2 .
−a|x| −b|x| 2a 2b
e ∗ e = 2 2
. 2 2
a +p b +p

4ab
. 15. Find the fourier sine transform of F(x) = -

M
= 2 2 2 2
(a +p )(b +p )
x when x<c and (π – x) when x>c and 0≤c≤π.
π
12. What is the Fourier transform of eax? a) cos(pc)
c

O
(a>0) b) π cos(pc)
p

a) a +p
2
p
2
c) π
cos(p ) π

C
c
b) 2 a
π
a +p
2 2
d) p c
cos(pc)
c) −2 2
a +p
a
2

T.
d) cant’t be found Answer: b
Explanation:
Answer: d f s(p) =– ∫
c
xsin(px)dx + ∫
π
(π − x)sin(px)

O
Explanation: Fourier transform of eax, does
0 c
π
= cos(pc).
not exist because the function does not p

converge. The function is divergent.

SP
−1
TOPIC 4.4 CONVOLUTION
13. F (x) = x is self reciprocal under (
2
)
THEOREM
Fourier cosine transform.
a) True
G
1. The resulting signal when a continuous
b) False
time periodic signal x(t) having period T, is
convolved with itself is ___________
LO

Answer: a
Explanation: a) Non-Periodic
(
−1
)
b) Periodic having period 2T
∞
(
−1
) (
−1
)
F c{x } = ∫ x cos(px)dx = constant ∗ p
2 2 2

c) Periodic having period T

0

Inverse fourier transform of d) Periodic having period T/2

.B

−1 −1
( ) ( )
p 2
= constant ∗ x 2

Answer: c
−1

Hence the function x (

2
)
is self reciprocal.
Explanation: The solution lies with the
17

14. Find the fourier cosine transform of e-ax * definition of convolution. Given a periodic
e-ax. signal x (t) having period T. When
2 convolution of a periodic signal with period T
a) a +p
p
2 2
occurs with itself, it will give the same period
-R

b) 2
p
2

2 2
T.
(a +p )
2

c) 4
p

(a +p )
2 2 2 2. Convolution of step signal 49 times that is
2 49 convolution operations. The Laplace
d)
−p
SE

(a +p )
2 2 2
transform is ______________
a) 1

Answer: b
49
s

b) 1

Explanation = fourier cosine transform of 50

s

p
c) 1
C

−ax
e =

d) s49
2 2
a +p

fourier cosine transform of

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

Answer: a c) One
Explanation: n times = u (t) * u (t) * …… * d) Finite
u (t)
Laplace transform of the above function = 1
n
Answer: a
s
Explanation: From any Impulse train

M
, where n is number of convolutions.
∴ Laplace transform for 49 convolutions = waveform, we can infer that it is a kind of
signal having infinite discontinuity.
1
.

O
49
s

6. Given a signal f (t) = 3t2+2t+1, which is

3. The auto correlation of x(t) = e-atu(t) is multiplied by 2 unit delayed version of

C
________________ impulse and integrated over period -∞ to ∞.
−at

a) e

a
2 The resultant is ______________

T.
b) e
−at
a) 1
2a
λ −a b) 6
c) e

a
−a
2

λ
c) 17
d) e
d) 16

O
2a

Answer: d Answer: c

SP
∞ ∞
Explanation: R (λ) = ∫ x(t)x(t ± λ) dt −∞
Explanation: ∫ f (t)δ(t − t
−∞
0) = f (t0 )

−∞
∞
= ∫ e u(t)e λ
u(t − λ) dt
−at −a(t− )
Here, t0 = 2
∞
= ∫λ e
∞
e
λ
dt
−2at a
So, ∫ f (t)δ(t − 2) = f (2)
−∞

Hence, f (2) = 3(2)2 + 2(2) + 1

G
[0-e-2aλ]
λ
=
a
e

−2a
−a λ = 12 + 4 + 1 = 17.
= e
.
LO

2a

7. A PT is a device which is ___________

4. For any given signal, average power in its a) Electrostatically coupled
6 harmonic components as 10 mw each and b) Electrically coupled
fundamental component also has 10 mV c) Electromagnetically coupled
power. Then, average power in the periodic
.B

d) Conductively coupled
signal is _______________
a) 70 Answer: c
b) 60 Explanation: A PT cannot be
17

c) 10 electrostatically coupled since CRO are

d) 5 electrostatically coupled. Also, they cannot be
conductively coupled. But since they are kind
Answer: b of electrically coupled hence
-R

Explanation: We know that according to electromagnetically coupled is the only

Parseval’s relation, the average power is correct option.
equal to the sum of the average powers in all
of its harmonic components.
SE

8. The CT supplies current to the current coil

∴ Pavg = 10 × 6 = 60. of a power factor meter, energy meter and, an
ammeter. These are connected as?
5. One of the types of signal is an Impulse a) All coils in parallel
train. The type of discontinuity in an impulse b) All coils in series
C

train is ______________ c) Series-parallel connection with two in each

a) Infinite arm
b) Zero

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

d) Series-parallel connection with one in each 11. If the Laplace transform of f (t) = . 2
s +w
w
2

arm The value of limt→∞ f(t) is ____________

a) Cannot be determined
Answer: b
b) Zero
Explanation: Since the CT supplies the

M
c) Unity
current to the current coil, therefore the coils
d) Infinity
are connected in series so that the current
remains the same. If they were connected in

O
Answer: b
parallel then the voltages would have been Explanation: We know that,
same but the currents would not be the same By final value theorem, limt→∞ f(t) = lims→0

C
and thus efficiency would decrease.
s F (s)
= lims→0 s.w

T.
9. If a signal f(t) has energy E, the energy of 2
s +w
2

the signal f(100t) is equal to ____________ = 0.

a) E
b) 100E 12. The auto-correlation function of a

O
c) E/100 rectangular pulse of duration T is
d) 400E _____________

SP
a) A rectangular pulse of duration T
Answer: c b) A rectangular pulse of duration 2T
Explanation: We know that, E = c) A triangular pulse of duration T
∞
∫
−∞
2
f (t) dt d) A triangular pulse of duration 2T
G
∞
Let, Es = ∫ f (t) dt 2
−∞
Answer: d
Let 100t = p Explanation: Rxx1 =
LO

Or, dt = dp/100 T /2
1
= ∫ f (t) dp/100
∞ 2
∫ x(t)x(t + T )dt
T −T /2
−∞

So, Es = E/100. Which when plotted is a triangular pulse of

duration 2T.
.B

10. Two sequences x1 (n) and x2 (n) are

13. The power in the signal (t) = 8cos (20πt –
related by x2 (n) = x1 (- n). In the z-domain, π
) + 4sin (15πt) is equal to ______________
their region of convergences are 2

a) 40
17

_______________
a) The same b) 42
b) Reciprocal of each other c) 41
c) Negative of each other d) 82
-R

d) Complementary
Answer: a
Answer: b Explanation: Power of Signal = limT→ ∞
Explanation: x1(n) has z-transform X1(z) 1
∫
T /2
|f (t)|
2
dt
SE

T −T /2

The ROC = Rx (say) Signal power P is mean of the signal

Again, x2(n) = x1(-n) has z-transform X1(1/z) amplitude squared value of f (t).
The ROC = 1/Rx Rms value of signal = √P
π
Now, (t) = 8cos (20πt – ) + 4sin (15πt)
C

Hence they are reciprocals. 2

= 8 sin (20πt) + 4 sin (15πt)

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

= 8
2

+
2
4
Answer: b
2 2

= 32 + 8 = 40. Explanation: In half range Fourier series

expansion, we know the nature of the
14. The Fourier transform (FT) of a function function only in its half of the period. It can
be either odd or even function in its full

M
x (t) is X (f). The FT of will be
dx(t)

dt
range. We assume it to be even function when
___________
dX(f )
we find half range cosine series and we
a)

O
df assume it to be odd function when we find
b) 2πjf X(f) half range sine series.
c) X(f) jf

C
d)
X(f ) 2. In half range cosine Fourier series, we
jf
assume the function to be _________

T.
a) Odd function
Answer: b b) Even function
∞
π
Explanation: x(t) → π ∫ X(f )e
1

2 −∞
j2 t
dt
c) Can’t be determined
Now, differentiating both sides, d) Can be anything

O
We get, = j2π
dx(t) 1
∫
∞
X(f )e
π j2 t
dt
π
dt 2 −∞
Answer: b
= j2πf X(f).

SP
Explanation: In half range Fourier series
expansion, the nature of the function in half
15. Given the signal
of its period is only known. So when we find
X (t) = cos t, if t<0
half range cosine series, there are only cosine
X (t) = Sin t, if t≥0
G
terms which imply that the function is even
The correct statement among the following
function. f(x) = f(-x).
is?
LO

a) Periodic with fundamental period 2π 3. Find the half range sine series of the
a) Periodic but with no fundamental period function f(x) = x, when 0<x< and (π-x) π

a) Non-periodic and discontinuous 2

when <x< π. π

a) Non-periodic but continuous 2

a)
.B

(3x) (5x) (7x)

Answer: c 8

π
[
sinx

1
2 – sin
3
2 + sin
5
2 – sin
7
2 + ……

Explanation: From the graphs of cos and sin, b)

we can infer that at t=0, the function becomes 4 sinx (3x) (5x) (7x)
17

[ + sin + sin + sin + …

discontinuous.
2 2 2 2
π 1 3 5 7

Since, cos 0 = 1, but sin 0 = 0 c)

8 sinx (3x) (5x) (7x)

As 1 ≠ 0, so, the function X (t) is π

[
1
2 + sin
3
2 + sin
5
2 + sin
7
2 + …

discontinuous and therefore Non-periodic. d)

-R

4 sinx (3x) (5x) (7x)

[ 2
– sin 2
+ sin 2
– sin 2
+ ……
π 1 3 5 7

TOPIC 4.5 PARSEVAL'S

IDENTITY. Answer: d
SE

Explanation: bn =
π/2 π

1. In half range Fourier series expansion, we

2

π
[∫
0
xsinnxdx + ∫
π/2
(π − x)sinnxdx ]
know the nature of the function in its full time
π
sin(n )
= 4
[this term is zero whenever n is
2

period.
2
π n
C

even and when odd, it gives 1 or -1]

a) True
=
b) False 4 sinx (3x) (5x) (7x)
[ 2 – sin 2 + sin 2 – sin 2 + … …]
π 1 3 5 7

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

4. Find bn when we have to find the half in half range Fourier cosine series, only an
range sine series of the function x2 in the and a0 appear. As the function is considered
interval 0 to 3. to be an even function, bn term becomes a
π
a) -18 cos(n )
null value as the integral becomes zero. So,

M
π n

π) only bn doesn’t appear in the parseval’s

b) 18 cos(n

π
n

cos(nπ/2)
relation of half range Fourier cosine series.
c) -18

O
n π
d) 18 cos(nπ/2) 7. Find the value of + + +
1
2
1 3
1
2
5
1
2
7
1
2

n π
+….when finding the Half range Fourier sine

C
Answer: a series of the function f(x) = 1 in 0<x<π.
2

Explanation: bn = 2 3
2 x a) π

T.
∫ x sin(nπ )dx 4
3 0 3 2

π b) π

= 2
(−27
cos(n )

π
)
8

c)
2
3 n π

π 2

= −18
cos(n )

O
2

n π
.
d) 3 π

5. What is the formula for Parseval’s relation Answer: b

SP
in Fourier series expansion? Explanation: Using parseval’s relation for
half range Fourier sine series,
2
a
a) ∫ l

−l
(f (x)) dx = l[
2 0

2
+ ∑
∞

n=1
2
(an + bn )]
2

2
l a ∞
2 2 0 2 2
a
b) ∫ l
(f (x)) dx = l[
2 0
+ ∑
∞

n=1
2
(an )]
∫
−l
(f (x)) dx = l[
2
+ ∑
n=1
(an + bn )]
G
−l 2 π

c) L.H.S. = ∫ 0
2
(1) dx = π
π
bn = ∫ 1.sin(nx)dx
2 2
l a ∞
2 0 2 2
∫ (f (x)) dx = l / 2[ + ∑ (an + bn )] π 0
LO

−l 2 n=1

l a
2
= 2
(1 − (−1) )
n

d) l ∫ (f (x)) dx = [
2 0 ∞
+ ∑n=1 (an + bn )]
2 2
πn
−l 2
Using parseval’s formula,
π 4 1 1 1 1

Answer: a π =
2
∗
π
2 ∗ 2( 2
1
+ 2
3
+ 2
5
+ 2
7
+ ….)

Explanation: The real life significance of Therefore,

.B

Parseval’s relation is to find the energy of the 1

1
2
+
1
2
3
+
1

5
2
+
7
1
2
+ ….=
π

8
.

signal in its time period (1 time period). This

can be found using the Fourier series 8. Find the value of + + +
1
4
1
4
1
4
1
4
17

1 3 5 7
coefficients. +….by finding the half range Fourier cosine
2
l a
∫
−l
(f (x)) dx = l[
2 0

2
∞
+ ∑n=1 (an + bn )]
2 2
is series of the function f(x) = x in the interval
the realtion between the function and the 0<x<l.
4

Fourier series coefficients. a) π

-R

12
4

b) π

6. In Parseval’s relation of Half range Fourier 48

4

cosine series expansion, which of the c) π

24

following terms doesn’t appear?

4

d)
SE

96

a) a0
b) an Answer: d
c) bn Explanation: Using Parseval’s relation,
2
l a
C

2 0 ∞ 2 2
d) all terms appear ∫
−l
(f (x)) dx = l[
2
+ ∑n=1 (an + bn )]
l 3

L.H.S. = ∫ 0
2
x dx =
l

3
Answer: c l

Explanation: In the expansion of a function a0 = 2

l
∫
0
xdx = l

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

l πx
an = ∫
n

TOPIC 5.1 Z-TRANSFORMS -

2
xcos( )dx
l 0 l

= (
−4l

π
2
1

1
2
+
1

3
2
+
1

5
2
+ …) ELEMENTARY PROPERTIES
R.H.S. =
2 2
l l l 1 1 1
1. Which of the following justifies the

M
( + (−4 ) ( 4
+ 4
+ 4
+ … . . ))
2 2 π 1 3 5

Therefore, linearity property of z-transform?

1
+
1
+
1
+
1
+ ….= (
l
3

−
l
3

)(2
π
4
[x(n)↔X(z)].
)

O
a) x(n)+y(n) ↔ X(z)Y(z)
4 4 4 4 3 4 3
1 3 5 7 (16l )

=
4
π

96
. b) x(n)+y(n) ↔ X(z)+Y(z)
c) x(n)y(n) ↔ X(z)+Y(z)

C
9. In Parseval’s formula for half range Fourier d) x(n)y(n) ↔ X(z)Y(z)
series, the formula contains l/2 multiplied

T.
with the square of individual coefficients. Answer: b
a) True Explanation: According to the linearity
b) False property of z-transform, if X(z) and Y(z) are
the z-transforms of x(n) and y(n) respectively

O
Answer: a then, the z-transform of x(n)+y(n) is
Explanation: The Parseval’s formula for half X(z)+Y(z).

SP
range Fourier cosine series is
l
∫ (f (x)) dx =
2 l
[
a
2
0
+ ∑
∞
(an )]
2 2. What is the z-transform of the signal x(n)=
[3(2n)-4(3n)]u(n)?
0 2 2 n=1

The Parseval’s formula for half range Fourier

a) 3
−
4
G
l
sine series is ∫ (f (x)) dx = ∑ (b ). 2 l ∞ 2 −1 −1
1−2z 1−3z
0 2 n=1 n
b) 1−2z
−
3
−1
1+3z
4
−1

10. What is the value of a0 if the function is c) 3 4

LO

−
1−2z 1−3z

f(x) = x3 in the interval 0 to 5? d) None of the mentioned

a) 25/4
b) 125/4 Answer: a
c) 625/4 Explanation: Let us divide the given x(n)
.B

d) 5/4 into x1(n)=3(2n)u(n) and x2(n)= 4(3n)u(n)

and x(n)=x1(n)-x2(n)
Answer: c
From the definition of z-transform X1(z)=
17

Explanation:
5 3 l 2
a
2
0 ∞ 2 2
and X2(z)=
1−2z
3
−1
4

1−3z
−1
∫ x dx = ∫ (f (x)) dx = l[ + ∑ (an + b )] n
0 −l 2 n=1
So, from the linearity property of z-transform
(from 0 to 5)
4 X(z)=X1(z)-X2(z)
= 5 625
-R

= .
4 4
=> X(z)= 3

1−2z
−1 −
4

1−3z
−1 .

3. What is the z-transform of the signal

SE

x(n)=sin(jω0n)u(n)?
UNIT V Z - TRANSFORMS a) 1+2z
z
−1
−1
sinω0

cosω0 +z
−2

AND DIFFERENCE b) 1−2z

z
−1
−1
sinω0

cosω0 −z
−2

EQUATIONS
C

−1

c)
z cosω0
−1 −2
1−2z cosω0 +z
−1

d) 1−2z
z
−1
sinω0

cosω0 +z
−2

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

Answer: d 6. If X(z) is the z-transform of the signal x(n)

Explanation: By Euler’s identity, the given then what is the z-transform of anx(n)?
signal x(n) can be written as a) X(az)
x(n) = sin(jω0n)u(n)= b) X(az-1)

M
1 ω ω
c) X(a-1z)
j 0n −j 0n
[e u(n) − e u(n)]
2j

Thus X(z)= [ ω −
1

2j 1−e
1
j
0 z−1 1−e
1
−jω0 −1
z
] d) None of the mentioned
On simplification, we obtain

O
−1 Answer: c
=> z
. sinω0

1−2z
−1
cosω0 +z
−2
Explanation: We know that from the

C
definition of z-transform
4. According to Time shifting property of z- Z{anx(n)}=
transform, if X(z) is the z-transform of x(n)

T.
∞ n −n ∞ −1 −n
∑n=−∞ a x(n)z = ∑n=−∞ x(n)(a z)
then what is the z-transform of x(n-k)?
.
a) zkX(z)
b) z-kX(z) 7. If the ROC of X(z) is r1<|z|<r2, then what

O
c) X(z-k)
is the ROC of X(a-1z)?
d) X(z+k)
a) |a|r1<|z|<|a|r2

SP
Answer: b b) |a|r1>|z|>|a|r2
Explanation: According to the definition of c) |a|r1<|z|>|a|r2
Z-transform d) |a|r1>|z|<|a|r2
G
X(z)=∑
∞ −n
x(n)z n=−∞

=>Z{x(n-k)}=X (z) = ∑ 1 ∞ −n
x(n − k)z n=−∞ Answer: a
Let n-k=l
LO

Explanation: Given ROC of X(z) is r1<|z|<r2

=> X1(z)= Then ROC of X(a-1z) will be given by r1<|a-
∞ −l−k −k ∞ −l −k
∑ x(l)z = z .∑ x(l)z = z X(z)
l=−∞ l=−∞ 1z |<r2=|a|r1<|z|<|a|r2
5. What is the z-transform of the signal
.B

defined as x(n)=u(n)-u(n-N)? 8. What is the z-transform of the signal

x(n)=an(sinω0n)u(n)?
N

a) 1+z

1+z
−1

−1

a)
17

az sinω0
b)
N
1−z
−1 2 −2
1+z
−1 1+2az cosω0 +a z
−N −1

c) b)
1+z az sinω0
−1 −1 2 −2
1+z 1−2az cosω0 −a z
−N −1

d) 1−z

1−z
−1 c) 1−2az
(az)

−1
cosω0

cosω0 +a z
2 −2
-R

−1

d) az sinω0

Answer: d 1−2az
−1
cosω0 +a z
2 −2

Explanation:
We know that Zu(n) = 1 Answer: d
SE

Explanation:
−1
1−z

And by the time shifting property, we have

we know that by the linearity property of z-
Z{x(n-k)}=z-k.Z{x(n)} transform of sin(ω0n)u(n) is X(z)=
=>Z{u(n-N)}=z . −N
1−z
1
−1 z
−1
sinω0
C

−N −1 −2
1−2z cosω0 +z
=>Z{u(n)-u(n-N)}= 1−z

1−z
−1
. Now by the scaling in the z-domain property,

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

we have z-transform of an (sin(ω0n))u(n) as We know that Z{anu(n)}= 1

−1
=X(z) (say)
1−az
−1

X(az)= 1−2az
az
−1
sinω0

cosω 2
+a z
−2 Now the z-transform of nanu(n)=
0

dX(z) −1
az
−z = −1 2

9. If X(z) is the z-transform of the signal x(n), dz (1−az )

M
then what is the z-transform of the signal x(-
n)? TOPIC 5.2 INVERSE Z-
a) X(-z) TRANSFORM (USING PARTIAL

O
b) X(z-1) FRACTION AND RESIDUES)
c) X-1(z)

C
d) None of the mentioned
1. Which of the following method is used to
find the inverse z-transform of a signal?

T.
Answer: b
Explanation: From the definition of z- a) Counter integration
b) Expansion into a series of terms
transform, we have
c) Partial fraction expansion
Z{x(-n)}=

O
∞ −n ∞ −1 −(−n)
d) All of the mentioned
−1
∑n=−∞ x(−n)z = ∑n=−∞ x(−n)(z ) = X(z )

Answer: d

SP
10. X(z) is the z-transform of the signal x(n), Explanation: All the methods mentioned
then what is the z-transform of the signal above can be used to calculate the inverse z-
nx(n)? transform of the given signal.
a) −z
dX(z)
G
dz

b) z
dX(z) 2. What is the inverse z-transform of X(z)=
dz 1
if ROC is |z|>1?
LO

c) −z −1 dX(z)
−1 −2
1−1.5z +0.5z

dX(z)
dz
a) {1,3/2,7/4,15/8,31/16,….}
d) z −1
dz b) {1,2/3,4/7,8/15,16/31,….}
c) {1/2,3/4,7/8,15/16,31/32,….}
Answer: a d) None of the mentioned
Explanation:
.B

From the definition of z-transform, we have Answer: a

X(z)=∑
∞
Explanation: Since the ROC is the exterior
−n
x(n)z
n=−∞

On differentiating both sides, we have circle, we expect x(n) to be a causal signal.

17

dX(z)
= ∑n=−∞ (−n)x(n)z
∞ −n−1
= −z
−1 ∞
∑n=−∞
Thus we seek a=power
nx(n)z −z
−n series expansion in
Z{nx(n)}
−1

negative powers of ‘z’. By dividing the

dz

Therefore, we get −z = Z{nx(n)}.

dX(z)

dz numerator of X(z) by its denominator, we

obtain the power series
-R

11. What is the z-transform of the signal X(z)=

x(n)=nanu(n)? 1
−1 −2
= 1 +
3

2
−1
z +
7

4
z
−2
+
15

8
−3
z +
−1 1−1.5z +0.5z
(az)
a) So, we obtain x(n)=
SE

−1 2
(1−(az) )

b) az
−1
{1,3/2,7/4,15/8,31/16,….}.
−1 2
(1−(az) )

c) 3. What is the inverse z-transform of X(z)=

−1
az
−1 2
(1−az )
−1
1
if ROC is |z| < 0.5?
d) az
1−1.5z
−1
+0.5z
−2
C

−1 2

a) {….62,30,14,6,2}
(1+az )

b) {…..62,30,14,6,2,0,0}
Answer: c
Explanation:

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

c) {0,0,2,6,14,30,62…..} b) 1-2z-1+
1

6
z
−1

d) {2,6,14,30,62…..}
5 −1 1 −2
1+ z + z
6 6
1

c) 1+2z-1+
−1
z
3

Answer: b
5 −1 1 −2
1+ z + z
6 6
1

d) 1+2z-1–
−1

Explanation: In this case the ROC is the z

M
6
5 −1 1 −2

interior of a circle. Consequently, the signal

1+ z + z
6 6

x(n) is anti causal. To obtain a power series

Answer: a
expansion in positive powers of z, we

O
Explanation: First, we note that we should
perform the long division in the following
way: reduce the numerator so that the terms z-2 and

C
z-3 are eliminated. Thus we should carry out
the long division with these two polynomials

T.
written in the reverse order. We stop the
division when the order of the remainder
becomes z-1. Then we obtain

O
1

X(z)=1+2z-1+
−1
z

1+
5
z
6

−1
+
1
z
−2
.
6 6

SP
6. What is the partial fraction expansion of
Thus X(z)= the proper function X(z)= ? 1−1.5z
1
−1
+0.5z
−2

1 2 3 4 5 6
1−1.5z
−1
+0.5z
−2
= 2z + 6z + 14z + 30z a)
+ 62z 2z
+
z−1
…−
z

z+0.5

In this case x(n)=0 for n≥0.Thus we obtain b) 2z z

G
+
z−1 z−0.5
x(n)= {…..62,30,14,6,2,0,0}
c) 2z

z−1
+
z

z+0.5

d)
LO

2z z
4. What is the inverse z-transform of z−1
−
z−0.5

X(z)=log(1+az-1) |z|>|a|?
a) x(n)=(-1)n+1 , n≥1; x(n)=0, n≤0 a
−n
Answer: d
n
−n Explanation: First we eliminate the negative
b) x(n)=(-1)n-1 , n≥1; x(n)=0, n≤0 a

powers of z by multiplying both numerator

.B

n
−n

c) x(n)=(-1)n+1 , n≥1; x(n)=0, n≤0 a

n and denominator by z2.

d) None of the mentioned Thus we obtain X(z)= 2
2
z

z −1.5z+0.5

The poles of X(z) are p1=1 and p2=0.5.

17

Answer: c
Explanation: Using the power series Consequently, the expansion will be
expansion for log(1+x), with |x|<1, we have
X(z) z 2 1
= = –
z (z−1)(z−0.5) (z−1) (z−0.5)
n+1 n −n
(−1) a z
X(z)=∑
∞
(obtained by applying partial fractions)
-R

n=1 n

Thus =>X(z)= −
2z

(z−1)
. (z−0.5)
z

x(n)=(-1)n+1 , n≥1
n
a

=0, n≤0. 7. What is the partial fraction expansion of

SE

−1

X(z)= 1−z
?
1+z
−1
+0.5z
−2

5. What is the proper fraction and polynomial

a)
z(0.5−1.5j) z(0.5+1.5j)
–
form of the improper rational transform z−0.5−0.5j z−0.5+0.5j

z(0.5−1.5j) z(0.5+1.5j)
b)
−1 11 −2 1 −3
1+3z + z + z
X(z)= ? 6 3
z−0.5−0.5j
+
z−0.5+0.5j
C

5 −1 1 −2
1+ z + z

c)
6 6 z(0.5+1.5j) z(0.5−1.5j)
–
1+2z-1+
1 −1
z
a) 5
6
1
z−0.5−0.5j

z(0.5+1.5j)
z−0.5+0.5j

z(0.5−1.5j)
d)
−1 −2
1+ z + z
6 6
+
z−0.5−0.5j z−0.5+0.5j

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

Answer: b equation are causal terms. Thus, when we

Explanation: To eliminate the negative apply inverse z-transform to the above
powers of z, we multiply both numerator and equation, we get
denominator by z2. Thus, x(n)=2(1)nu(n)-(0.5)nu(n)=(2-0.5n)u(n).

M
X(z)= z(z+1)

10. What is the inverse z-transform of X(z)=

−2
z −z+0.5

The poles of X(z) are complex conjugates 1

if ROC is |z|<0.5?
p1=0.5+0.5j and p2=0.5-0.5j 1−1.5z
−1
+0.5z
−2

O
Consequently the expansion will be a) [-2-0.5n]u(n)
X(z)=
z(0.5−1.5j)
.
z(0.5+1.5j)
b) [-2+0.5n]u(n)

C
+
c) [-2+0.5n]u(-n-1)
z−0.5−0.5j z−0.5+0.5j

8. What is the partial fraction expansion of d) [-2-0.5n]u(-n-1)

T.
X(z)= ? −1
1
−1 2
(1+z )(1−z )
Answer: c
a) z

4(z+1)
+
4(z−1)
3z
+
z

2(z+1)
2
Explanation: The partial fraction expansion

O
b) 4(z+1)
z
+
4(z−1)
3z
–
z

2(z+1)
2
for the given X(z) is
2z z
X(z) = −
c) z

4(z+1)
+
4(z−1)
3z
+
z
2
z−1 z−0.5

In case when ROC is |z|<0.5, the signal is anti

SP
2(z−1)

d) z
+
z
+
z

4(z+1) 4(z−1) 2(z+1)

2
causal. Thus both the terms in the above
equation are anti causal terms. So, if we apply
Answer: c inverse z-transform to the above equation we
Explanation: First we express X(z) in terms get
G
of positive powers of z, in the form X(z)=
z
3
x(n)= [-2+0.5n]u(-n-1).
LO

2
(z+1)(z−1)

X(z) has a simple pole at z=-1 and a double 11. What is the inverse z-transform of X(z)=
pole at z=1. In such a case the approximate 1−1.5z
1
−1
if ROC is 0.5<|z|<1?
+0.5z
−2

partial fraction expansion is a) -2u(-n-1)+(0.5)nu(n)

X(z) 2

b) -2u(-n-1)-(0.5)nu(n)
z A B C
= = + +
.B

2 2
z (z+1)(z−1) z+1 z−1 (z−1)

On simplifying, we get the values of A, B and c) -2u(-n-1)+(0.5)nu(-n-1)

C as 1/4, 3/4 and 1/2 respectively. d) 2u(n)+(0.5)nu(-n-1)
Therefore, we get + + . z 3z z
17

2
4(z+1) 4(z−1) 2(z−1)

Answer: b
9. What is the inverse z-transform of X(z)= Explanation: The partial fraction expansion
1−1.5z
−1
1
if ROC is |z|>1?
+0.5z
−2
of the given X(z) is
2z z
-R

a) (2-0.5n)u(n) X(z) =
z−1
−
z−0.5

In this case ROC is 0.5<|z|<1 is a ring, which

b) (2+0.5n)u(n)
implies that the signal is two sided. Thus one
c) (2n-0.5n)u(n) of the signal corresponds to a causal signal
SE

d) None of the mentioned and the other corresponds to an anti causal

signal. Obviously, the ROC given is the
Answer: a overlapping of the regions |z|>0.5 and |z|<1.
Explanation: The partial fraction expansion Hence the pole p2=0.5 provides the causal
for the given X(z) is
C

X(z) =
2z
−
z part and the pole p1=1 provides the anti
causal part. SO, if we apply the inverse z-
z−1 z−0.5

In case when ROC is |z|>1, the signal x(n) is

causal and both the terms in the above

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

transform we get c) 1

x(n)= -2u(-n-1)-(0.5)nu(n). d) Cannot be determined

12. What is the causal signal x(n) having the Answer: d

M
z-transform X(z)= ?
(1+z
−1
1

)(1−z
−1 2
)
Explanation: The steady state value of this
Laplace transform is cannot be determined
a) [1/4(-1)n+3/4-n/2]u(n) since; F(s) has a pole s = 1. Hence the answer
b) [1/4(-1)n+3/4-n/2]u(-n-1)

O
is that it cannot be determined.
c) [1/4+3/4(-1)n-n/2]u(n)
3. What is the steady state value of F (t), if it
d) [1/4(-1)n+3/4+n/2]u(n)

C
is known that F(s) = 1
2 ?
(s+2) (s+4)

Answer: d a) 1

T.
16
Explanation: The partial fraction expansion b) Cannot be determined
of X(z) is c) 0
z 3z z 2
X(z) = + + (z − 1)
d) 1

O
4(z+1) 4(z−1) 2
8

When we apply the inverse z-transform for

the above equation, we get Answer: c

SP
x(n)=[1/4(-1)n+3/4+n/2]u(n). Explanation: The steady state value of F(s)
exists since all poles of the given Laplace
transform have negative real part.
TOPIC 5.3 INITIAL AND FINAL ∴F(∞) = lims→0 s F(s)
VALUE THEOREMS -
G
= lims→0 s
2

CONVOLUTION THEOREM
(s+2) (s+4)

= 0.
LO

1. What is the steady state value of F (t), if it 4. What is the steady state value of F (t), if it
is known that F(s) = ? 2

s(S+1)(s+2)(s+3)
is known that F(s) = 10
?2
(s+1)(s +1)

a) 1

2
a) -5
.B

b) 1 b) 5
3
c) 10
c) 1

4
d) Cannot be determined
d) Cannot be determined
17

Answer: d
Answer: b
Explanation: The steady state value of this
Explanation: From the equation of F(s), we
Laplace transform is cannot be determined
can infer that, a simple pole is at origin and
since; F(s) is having two poles on the
-R

all other poles are having negative real part. imaginary axis (j and –j). Hence the answer is
∴ F(∞) = lims→0 s F(s) that it cannot be determined.
= lims→0 2s

s(S+1)(s+2)(s+3)

5. What is the steady state value of F (t), if it

SE

= 2

(s+1)(s+2)(s+3)
is known that F(s) =b/(s(s+1)(s+a)), where
= 2

6
=
1

3
. a>0?
a) b

2. What is the steady state value of F (t), if it a

b) a
C

is known that F(s) = ? 1 b

(s−1)(s+2)
c) 1
a) 1 d) Cannot be determined
b) – 1

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

Answer: a b) 3 sin (√7t) + 5

cos (√7 t)
Explanation: F (∞) = lims→0 s F(s)
√7

c) 3 cos (√7t) + 5
sin (√7 t)
= lims→0 sb

s(s+1)(s+a)
√7

d) 3 cos (√7t) – 5
sin (√7 t)
= lims→0 b
√7

M
(s+1)(s+a)

= b

a
. Answer: c
Explanation: F (t) = L-1{F(s)}

O
6. The inverse Laplace transform of F(s) =
2 is ______________
2
= L-1{ 2
s +7
3s
+ 2
s +7
5
}
s +3s+2

a) -2e-2t + 2e-t = L-1{

C
3s 5 √7
2
+ 2
}
√7

b) 2e-2t + 2e-t
2 2
s +√ 7 s +√ 7

The inverse Laplace transform is = 3 cos (√7

T.
c) -2e-2t – 2e-t t) + sin (√7 t).
5

d) 2e-t + e-2t √7

9. The inverse Laplace transform of F(s) =

O
Answer: a
is ______________
5

Explanation: s2 + 3s + 2 = (s+2) (s+1)

2
s −9

a) e + 1 3t 5

SP
Now, F(s) = +
A B
6 6e
−3t

(s+2) (s+1)
b) e – 1 3t 5

Hence, A = (s+2) F(s) |s=-2 6 6e

−3t

c) e + 5 3t 5

= |s=-2 = -2
2 6 6e
−3t

s+1
d) e – 5 3t 5

And, B = (s+1) F(s) |s=-1 6 −3t

G
6e

= |s=-1 = 2
s+2
2
Answer: d
∴ F(s) = Explanation: F (t) = L-1{F(s)}
−2 2
LO

+
(s+2) (s+1)

∴ F (t) = L-1{F(s)} = L-1{ } 2

s −9
5

= -2e-2t + 2e-t for t≥0. = L-1 +

s−3
A

s+3
B

Hence, A = (s-3) 5
| =
5
.B

7. The inverse Laplace transform of F(s) = (s−3)(s+3) s=3 6

2
e is _____________
−bs And, B = (s+3) | = −
(s−3)(s+3)
5
s=−3
5

6
s+c

a) 2e-k (t+b) u (t+b) The inverse Laplace transform is e 5

6
3t
–
5

6e
−3t
.
17

b) 2e-k (t-b) u (t-b)

10. The inverse Laplace transform of F(s) =
c) 2ek (t-b) u (t-b) e
is ______________
−3s

d) 2ek (t-b) u (t+b)

2
s(s +3s+2)

a) {0.5 + 0.5e-2(t+3) – e-(t+3)} u (t+3)

-R

Answer: b b) {0.5 + 0.5e-2(t+3) – e-(t-3)} u (t-3)

Explanation: Let G(s) = s+c
2

c) {0.5 – 0.5e-2(t-3) – e-(t-3)} u (t-3)

Or, G (t) = L-1{G(s)} = 2e-ct d) 0.5 + 0.5e-2t – e-t)
SE

∴ F (t) = L-1{G(s) e-bs}

Answer: b
= 2e-k (t-b) u (t-b).
Explanation: Let G(s) = 2
1

s(s +3s+2)

8. The inverse Laplace transform of F(s) = Or, F(s) = G(s) e-3s

C

3s+5

s +7
2
is _____________ G (t) = L-1{G(s)}
a) 3 sin (√7t) – cos (√7 t) = L-1 +
5
A B C
√7
+
s s+2 s+1

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

Solving we get, A = 0.5, B = 0.5, C = -1 , where n is number of convolutions.

So, G (t) = 0.5 + 0.5e-2t-e-t ∴ Laplace transform for 100 convolutions =
The inverse Laplace transform is F (t) = {0.5 s
100
.
1

+ 0.5e-2(t+3) – e-(t-3)} u (t-3).

M
14. For the circuit given below, the Time-
11. Given a sinusoidal voltage that has a peak constant is __________
to peak value of 100 V. The RMS value of the

O
sinusoidal voltage is ___________
a) 50 V
b) 70.7 V

C
c) 35.35 V
d) 141.41 V

T.
Answer: c
Explanation: Given that,

O
Peak value = 50 V
We know that, RMS value = P eak V alue

√2 a) 1.5

SP
= 50

√2
= 35.35 V. b) 1.25
c) 2.5
12. The Laplace transform of F(t) = d) 2.25
sin(2t)cos(2t) is ______________
G
Answer: b
a) 4

Explanation: We know that,

2
2(s +16)

b) 1
–
2
+
1
Time constant is given by Req.C
LO

s+4 s+2 s

c) 2

s
3 The equivalent resistance is given by,
d) 1

2s
+ 2
2(s +36)
s
Req = R || R
= R∗R

R+R

Answer: a =
.B

Explanation: Using the Trigonometric

2

=5Ω
Identity, So, Time-constant = 5X0.5

We get, sin (2t) cos (2t) = (sin (4t)) 1 2

= 1.25.
17

∴L {sin (2t) cos (2t)} = . 2

4

2(s +16)

15. In a dual slop integrating type digital

13. Convolution of step signal 100 times that voltmeter, the firs integrating is carried out
is 100 convolution operations. The Laplace for 50 periods of the supply frequency of 50
-R

transform is ______________ Hz. If the reference voltage used is 10 V, the

a) s
1
100
total conversion time for an input of 40 V is?
b) 1 a) 3 s
SE

s
50
b) 2 s
c) 1 c) 4 s
d) s100 d) 1 s
Answer: a Answer: c
C

Explanation: n times = u (t) * u (t) * …… * Explanation: In a dual slope integrating

u (t) digital voltmeter,
Laplace transform of the above function = 1
n
s ( ) Vin = Vref
t1

t2

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

Where, t1 = first integration time = 50 × 1

50
= c) Quadratic equation
1 d) None of the mentioned
But Vin = 40 V and Vref = 10 V
Answer: b
∴ t2 = = 4 s.
Vin t1

Explanation: Difference equation are the

M
Vref

equations used in discrete time systems and

difference equations are similar to the
TOPIC 5.4 FORMATION OF differential equation in continuous systems.

O
DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS
SOLUTION OF DIFFERENCE 4. Difference equation solution yields at the

C
EQUATIONS USING Z - sampling instants only:
a) True
TRANSFORM.

T.
b) False

1. Difference equation model results in: Answer: a

a) Sampled-data systems Explanation: Difference equation are the

O
b) Numerical analysis of continuous time equations used in discrete time systems and
systems difference equations are similar to the

SP
c) Continuous time feedback systems differential equation in continuous systems
d) Both a and b solution yields at the sampling instants only.

Answer: d 5. Difference equation technique for higher

order systems is used in:
G
Explanation: Equation in discrete time
systems can be difference equation which are a) Laplace transform
similar to the differentiation in the continuous b) Fourier transform
LO

time systems and difference equation results c) Z-transform

in sampled data system and numerical d) None of the mentioned
analysis of continuous system.
Answer: c
Explanation: For higher order systems Z-
.B

2. Difference equation is used in :

a) Discrete time analysis transform which is transforming discrete time
b) Continuous time analysis domain into z domain and is technique is
c) Digital analysis convenient for analysis and design of linear
17

d) None of the mentioned sampled data systems.

Answer: a 6. Assertion (A): An LTI discrete system

Explanation: Difference equation are similar represented by the difference equation. y
-R

to the differentiation in the continuous (n+2)-5y(n+1)+6y(n) =x(n) is unstable.

systems and they have same function in Reason (R): A system is unstable if the roots
discrete time systems and is used in discrete of the characteristic equation lie outside the
time analysis. unit circle.
SE

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct

3. Difference equation in discrete systems is explanation of A
similar to the _____________ in continuous b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the
systems. correct explanation of A
C

a) Difference equation c) A is true but R is false

b) Differential equation d) A is false but R is false

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering MCQ for Regulations 2017

Answer: a in z-plane.
Explanation: Difference equation is y Reason (R): For a causal stable system all the
(n+2)-5 y (n+1) + 6 y (n) =x (n). poles should be outside the unit circle in the
Taking z-transform, H (z) =1/ (z-2) (z-3). z-plane.
The characteristic equation has roots z =2, 3. a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct

M
Since, the characteristic equation has roots explanation of A
outside the unit circle, hence the system is b) Both A and R are true bit R is NOT the

O
unstable. correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
7. The poles of a digital filter with linear d) A is false but R is true

C
phase response can lie
a) Only at z =0 Answer: c

T.
b) Only on the unit circle Explanation: A causal system LTI system is
c) Only inside the unit circle but not at z =0 stable if and only if all of poles of H(z) lie
d) On the left side of Real (z) =0 line inside the unit circle.

O
Answer: b 10. Assertion (A): For the rational transfer
Explanation: For stable systems the poles in function H(z) to be causal, stable and causally

SP
z plane must lie inside or on the unit circle invertible, both the zeroes and the poles
and Minimum number of delay elements = should lie within the unit circle in the z-plane.
(Maximum power of z)-(minimum power of Reason (R): For a rational system, ROC is
z). bounded by poles
G
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
8. If X(z) =(z+z-3)/(z+z-1), then x(n) series explanation of A
has: b) Both A and R are true bit R is NOT the
LO

a) Alternate 0s correct explanation of A

b) Alternate 1s c) A is true but R is false
c) Alternate 2s d) A is false but R is true
d) Alternate -1s
.B

Answer: b
Answer: a Explanation: For the rational transfer
Explanation: Using the long division method function H (z) to be causal, stable and
causally invertible, both the zeroes and the
17

divide from denominator. So, x(n) series has

alternate zeros n =1,3,5…… poles should lie within the unit circle in the z-
plane. For a rational system, ROC is bounded
9. Assertion (A): The stability of the system by poles.
is assured if the ROC includes the unit circle
-R
SE
C

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